1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only 2 3 menu "Memory Management options" 4 5 # 6 # For some reason microblaze and nios2 hard code SWAP=n. Hopefully we can 7 # add proper SWAP support to them, in which case this can be remove. 8 # 9 config ARCH_NO_SWAP 10 bool 11 12 config ZPOOL 13 bool 14 15 menuconfig SWAP 16 bool "Support for paging of anonymous memory (swap)" 17 depends on MMU && BLOCK && !ARCH_NO_SWAP 18 default y 19 help 20 This option allows you to choose whether you want to have support 21 for so called swap devices or swap files in your kernel that are 22 used to provide more virtual memory than the actual RAM present 23 in your computer. If unsure say Y. 24 25 config ZSWAP 26 bool "Compressed cache for swap pages" 27 depends on SWAP 28 select CRYPTO 29 select ZPOOL 30 help 31 A lightweight compressed cache for swap pages. It takes 32 pages that are in the process of being swapped out and attempts to 33 compress them into a dynamically allocated RAM-based memory pool. 34 This can result in a significant I/O reduction on swap device and, 35 in the case where decompressing from RAM is faster than swap device 36 reads, can also improve workload performance. 37 38 config ZSWAP_DEFAULT_ON 39 bool "Enable the compressed cache for swap pages by default" 40 depends on ZSWAP 41 help 42 If selected, the compressed cache for swap pages will be enabled 43 at boot, otherwise it will be disabled. 44 45 The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel 46 command line 'zswap.enabled=' option. 47 48 config ZSWAP_SHRINKER_DEFAULT_ON 49 bool "Shrink the zswap pool on memory pressure" 50 depends on ZSWAP 51 default n 52 help 53 If selected, the zswap shrinker will be enabled, and the pages 54 stored in the zswap pool will become available for reclaim (i.e 55 written back to the backing swap device) on memory pressure. 56 57 This means that zswap writeback could happen even if the pool is 58 not yet full, or the cgroup zswap limit has not been reached, 59 reducing the chance that cold pages will reside in the zswap pool 60 and consume memory indefinitely. 61 62 choice 63 prompt "Default compressor" 64 depends on ZSWAP 65 default ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZO 66 help 67 Selects the default compression algorithm for the compressed cache 68 for swap pages. 69 70 For an overview what kind of performance can be expected from 71 a particular compression algorithm please refer to the benchmarks 72 available at the following LWN page: 73 https://lwn.net/Articles/751795/ 74 75 If in doubt, select 'LZO'. 76 77 The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel 78 command line 'zswap.compressor=' option. 79 80 config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_DEFLATE 81 bool "Deflate" 82 select CRYPTO_DEFLATE 83 help 84 Use the Deflate algorithm as the default compression algorithm. 85 86 config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZO 87 bool "LZO" 88 select CRYPTO_LZO 89 help 90 Use the LZO algorithm as the default compression algorithm. 91 92 config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_842 93 bool "842" 94 select CRYPTO_842 95 help 96 Use the 842 algorithm as the default compression algorithm. 97 98 config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4 99 bool "LZ4" 100 select CRYPTO_LZ4 101 help 102 Use the LZ4 algorithm as the default compression algorithm. 103 104 config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4HC 105 bool "LZ4HC" 106 select CRYPTO_LZ4HC 107 help 108 Use the LZ4HC algorithm as the default compression algorithm. 109 110 config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_ZSTD 111 bool "zstd" 112 select CRYPTO_ZSTD 113 help 114 Use the zstd algorithm as the default compression algorithm. 115 endchoice 116 117 config ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT 118 string 119 depends on ZSWAP 120 default "deflate" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_DEFLATE 121 default "lzo" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZO 122 default "842" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_842 123 default "lz4" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4 124 default "lz4hc" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_LZ4HC 125 default "zstd" if ZSWAP_COMPRESSOR_DEFAULT_ZSTD 126 default "" 127 128 choice 129 prompt "Default allocator" 130 depends on ZSWAP 131 default ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZSMALLOC if MMU 132 default ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZBUD 133 help 134 Selects the default allocator for the compressed cache for 135 swap pages. 136 The default is 'zbud' for compatibility, however please do 137 read the description of each of the allocators below before 138 making a right choice. 139 140 The selection made here can be overridden by using the kernel 141 command line 'zswap.zpool=' option. 142 143 config ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZBUD 144 bool "zbud" 145 select ZBUD 146 help 147 Use the zbud allocator as the default allocator. 148 149 config ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_Z3FOLD_DEPRECATED 150 bool "z3foldi (DEPRECATED)" 151 select Z3FOLD_DEPRECATED 152 help 153 Use the z3fold allocator as the default allocator. 154 155 Deprecated and scheduled for removal in a few cycles, 156 see CONFIG_Z3FOLD_DEPRECATED. 157 158 config ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZSMALLOC 159 bool "zsmalloc" 160 select ZSMALLOC 161 help 162 Use the zsmalloc allocator as the default allocator. 163 endchoice 164 165 config ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT 166 string 167 depends on ZSWAP 168 default "zbud" if ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZBUD 169 default "z3fold" if ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_Z3FOLD_DEPRECATED 170 default "zsmalloc" if ZSWAP_ZPOOL_DEFAULT_ZSMALLOC 171 default "" 172 173 config ZBUD 174 tristate "2:1 compression allocator (zbud)" 175 depends on ZSWAP 176 help 177 A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages. 178 It is designed to store up to two compressed pages per physical 179 page. While this design limits storage density, it has simple and 180 deterministic reclaim properties that make it preferable to a higher 181 density approach when reclaim will be used. 182 183 config Z3FOLD_DEPRECATED 184 tristate "3:1 compression allocator (z3fold) (DEPRECATED)" 185 depends on ZSWAP 186 help 187 Deprecated and scheduled for removal in a few cycles. If you have 188 a good reason for using Z3FOLD over ZSMALLOC, please contact 189 linux-mm@kvack.org and the zswap maintainers. 190 191 A special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages. 192 It is designed to store up to three compressed pages per physical 193 page. It is a ZBUD derivative so the simplicity and determinism are 194 still there. 195 196 config Z3FOLD 197 tristate 198 default y if Z3FOLD_DEPRECATED=y 199 default m if Z3FOLD_DEPRECATED=m 200 depends on Z3FOLD_DEPRECATED 201 202 config ZSMALLOC 203 tristate 204 prompt "N:1 compression allocator (zsmalloc)" if (ZSWAP || ZRAM) 205 depends on MMU 206 help 207 zsmalloc is a slab-based memory allocator designed to store 208 pages of various compression levels efficiently. It achieves 209 the highest storage density with the least amount of fragmentation. 210 211 config ZSMALLOC_STAT 212 bool "Export zsmalloc statistics" 213 depends on ZSMALLOC 214 select DEBUG_FS 215 help 216 This option enables code in the zsmalloc to collect various 217 statistics about what's happening in zsmalloc and exports that 218 information to userspace via debugfs. 219 If unsure, say N. 220 221 config ZSMALLOC_CHAIN_SIZE 222 int "Maximum number of physical pages per-zspage" 223 default 8 224 range 4 16 225 depends on ZSMALLOC 226 help 227 This option sets the upper limit on the number of physical pages 228 that a zmalloc page (zspage) can consist of. The optimal zspage 229 chain size is calculated for each size class during the 230 initialization of the pool. 231 232 Changing this option can alter the characteristics of size classes, 233 such as the number of pages per zspage and the number of objects 234 per zspage. This can also result in different configurations of 235 the pool, as zsmalloc merges size classes with similar 236 characteristics. 237 238 For more information, see zsmalloc documentation. 239 240 menu "Slab allocator options" 241 242 config SLUB 243 def_bool y 244 245 config SLUB_TINY 246 bool "Configure for minimal memory footprint" 247 depends on EXPERT 248 select SLAB_MERGE_DEFAULT 249 help 250 Configures the slab allocator in a way to achieve minimal memory 251 footprint, sacrificing scalability, debugging and other features. 252 This is intended only for the smallest system that had used the 253 SLOB allocator and is not recommended for systems with more than 254 16MB RAM. 255 256 If unsure, say N. 257 258 config SLAB_MERGE_DEFAULT 259 bool "Allow slab caches to be merged" 260 default y 261 help 262 For reduced kernel memory fragmentation, slab caches can be 263 merged when they share the same size and other characteristics. 264 This carries a risk of kernel heap overflows being able to 265 overwrite objects from merged caches (and more easily control 266 cache layout), which makes such heap attacks easier to exploit 267 by attackers. By keeping caches unmerged, these kinds of exploits 268 can usually only damage objects in the same cache. To disable 269 merging at runtime, "slab_nomerge" can be passed on the kernel 270 command line. 271 272 config SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM 273 bool "Randomize slab freelist" 274 depends on !SLUB_TINY 275 help 276 Randomizes the freelist order used on creating new pages. This 277 security feature reduces the predictability of the kernel slab 278 allocator against heap overflows. 279 280 config SLAB_FREELIST_HARDENED 281 bool "Harden slab freelist metadata" 282 depends on !SLUB_TINY 283 help 284 Many kernel heap attacks try to target slab cache metadata and 285 other infrastructure. This options makes minor performance 286 sacrifices to harden the kernel slab allocator against common 287 freelist exploit methods. 288 289 config SLAB_BUCKETS 290 bool "Support allocation from separate kmalloc buckets" 291 depends on !SLUB_TINY 292 default SLAB_FREELIST_HARDENED 293 help 294 Kernel heap attacks frequently depend on being able to create 295 specifically-sized allocations with user-controlled contents 296 that will be allocated into the same kmalloc bucket as a 297 target object. To avoid sharing these allocation buckets, 298 provide an explicitly separated set of buckets to be used for 299 user-controlled allocations. This may very slightly increase 300 memory fragmentation, though in practice it's only a handful 301 of extra pages since the bulk of user-controlled allocations 302 are relatively long-lived. 303 304 If unsure, say Y. 305 306 config SLUB_STATS 307 default n 308 bool "Enable performance statistics" 309 depends on SYSFS && !SLUB_TINY 310 help 311 The statistics are useful to debug slab allocation behavior in 312 order find ways to optimize the allocator. This should never be 313 enabled for production use since keeping statistics slows down 314 the allocator by a few percentage points. The slabinfo command 315 supports the determination of the most active slabs to figure 316 out which slabs are relevant to a particular load. 317 Try running: slabinfo -DA 318 319 config SLUB_CPU_PARTIAL 320 default y 321 depends on SMP && !SLUB_TINY 322 bool "Enable per cpu partial caches" 323 help 324 Per cpu partial caches accelerate objects allocation and freeing 325 that is local to a processor at the price of more indeterminism 326 in the latency of the free. On overflow these caches will be cleared 327 which requires the taking of locks that may cause latency spikes. 328 Typically one would choose no for a realtime system. 329 330 config RANDOM_KMALLOC_CACHES 331 default n 332 depends on !SLUB_TINY 333 bool "Randomize slab caches for normal kmalloc" 334 help 335 A hardening feature that creates multiple copies of slab caches for 336 normal kmalloc allocation and makes kmalloc randomly pick one based 337 on code address, which makes the attackers more difficult to spray 338 vulnerable memory objects on the heap for the purpose of exploiting 339 memory vulnerabilities. 340 341 Currently the number of copies is set to 16, a reasonably large value 342 that effectively diverges the memory objects allocated for different 343 subsystems or modules into different caches, at the expense of a 344 limited degree of memory and CPU overhead that relates to hardware and 345 system workload. 346 347 endmenu # Slab allocator options 348 349 config SHUFFLE_PAGE_ALLOCATOR 350 bool "Page allocator randomization" 351 default SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM && ACPI_NUMA 352 help 353 Randomization of the page allocator improves the average 354 utilization of a direct-mapped memory-side-cache. See section 355 5.2.27 Heterogeneous Memory Attribute Table (HMAT) in the ACPI 356 6.2a specification for an example of how a platform advertises 357 the presence of a memory-side-cache. There are also incidental 358 security benefits as it reduces the predictability of page 359 allocations to compliment SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM, but the 360 default granularity of shuffling on the MAX_PAGE_ORDER i.e, 10th 361 order of pages is selected based on cache utilization benefits 362 on x86. 363 364 While the randomization improves cache utilization it may 365 negatively impact workloads on platforms without a cache. For 366 this reason, by default, the randomization is not enabled even 367 if SHUFFLE_PAGE_ALLOCATOR=y. The randomization may be force enabled 368 with the 'page_alloc.shuffle' kernel command line parameter. 369 370 Say Y if unsure. 371 372 config COMPAT_BRK 373 bool "Disable heap randomization" 374 default y 375 help 376 Randomizing heap placement makes heap exploits harder, but it 377 also breaks ancient binaries (including anything libc5 based). 378 This option changes the bootup default to heap randomization 379 disabled, and can be overridden at runtime by setting 380 /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space to 2. 381 382 On non-ancient distros (post-2000 ones) N is usually a safe choice. 383 384 config MMAP_ALLOW_UNINITIALIZED 385 bool "Allow mmapped anonymous memory to be uninitialized" 386 depends on EXPERT && !MMU 387 default n 388 help 389 Normally, and according to the Linux spec, anonymous memory obtained 390 from mmap() has its contents cleared before it is passed to 391 userspace. Enabling this config option allows you to request that 392 mmap() skip that if it is given an MAP_UNINITIALIZED flag, thus 393 providing a huge performance boost. If this option is not enabled, 394 then the flag will be ignored. 395 396 This is taken advantage of by uClibc's malloc(), and also by 397 ELF-FDPIC binfmt's brk and stack allocator. 398 399 Because of the obvious security issues, this option should only be 400 enabled on embedded devices where you control what is run in 401 userspace. Since that isn't generally a problem on no-MMU systems, 402 it is normally safe to say Y here. 403 404 See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/nommu-mmap.rst for more information. 405 406 config SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL 407 def_bool y 408 depends on ARCH_SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL 409 410 choice 411 prompt "Memory model" 412 depends on SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL 413 default SPARSEMEM_MANUAL if ARCH_SPARSEMEM_DEFAULT 414 default FLATMEM_MANUAL 415 help 416 This option allows you to change some of the ways that 417 Linux manages its memory internally. Most users will 418 only have one option here selected by the architecture 419 configuration. This is normal. 420 421 config FLATMEM_MANUAL 422 bool "Flat Memory" 423 depends on !ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE || ARCH_FLATMEM_ENABLE 424 help 425 This option is best suited for non-NUMA systems with 426 flat address space. The FLATMEM is the most efficient 427 system in terms of performance and resource consumption 428 and it is the best option for smaller systems. 429 430 For systems that have holes in their physical address 431 spaces and for features like NUMA and memory hotplug, 432 choose "Sparse Memory". 433 434 If unsure, choose this option (Flat Memory) over any other. 435 436 config SPARSEMEM_MANUAL 437 bool "Sparse Memory" 438 depends on ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE 439 help 440 This will be the only option for some systems, including 441 memory hot-plug systems. This is normal. 442 443 This option provides efficient support for systems with 444 holes is their physical address space and allows memory 445 hot-plug and hot-remove. 446 447 If unsure, choose "Flat Memory" over this option. 448 449 endchoice 450 451 config SPARSEMEM 452 def_bool y 453 depends on (!SELECT_MEMORY_MODEL && ARCH_SPARSEMEM_ENABLE) || SPARSEMEM_MANUAL 454 455 config FLATMEM 456 def_bool y 457 depends on !SPARSEMEM || FLATMEM_MANUAL 458 459 # 460 # SPARSEMEM_EXTREME (which is the default) does some bootmem 461 # allocations when sparse_init() is called. If this cannot 462 # be done on your architecture, select this option. However, 463 # statically allocating the mem_section[] array can potentially 464 # consume vast quantities of .bss, so be careful. 465 # 466 # This option will also potentially produce smaller runtime code 467 # with gcc 3.4 and later. 468 # 469 config SPARSEMEM_STATIC 470 bool 471 472 # 473 # Architecture platforms which require a two level mem_section in SPARSEMEM 474 # must select this option. This is usually for architecture platforms with 475 # an extremely sparse physical address space. 476 # 477 config SPARSEMEM_EXTREME 478 def_bool y 479 depends on SPARSEMEM && !SPARSEMEM_STATIC 480 481 config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE 482 bool 483 484 config SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP 485 bool "Sparse Memory virtual memmap" 486 depends on SPARSEMEM && SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP_ENABLE 487 default y 488 help 489 SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP uses a virtually mapped memmap to optimise 490 pfn_to_page and page_to_pfn operations. This is the most 491 efficient option when sufficient kernel resources are available. 492 # 493 # Select this config option from the architecture Kconfig, if it is preferred 494 # to enable the feature of HugeTLB/dev_dax vmemmap optimization. 495 # 496 config ARCH_WANT_OPTIMIZE_DAX_VMEMMAP 497 bool 498 499 config ARCH_WANT_OPTIMIZE_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP 500 bool 501 502 config HAVE_MEMBLOCK_PHYS_MAP 503 bool 504 505 config HAVE_GUP_FAST 506 depends on MMU 507 bool 508 509 # Don't discard allocated memory used to track "memory" and "reserved" memblocks 510 # after early boot, so it can still be used to test for validity of memory. 511 # Also, memblocks are updated with memory hot(un)plug. 512 config ARCH_KEEP_MEMBLOCK 513 bool 514 515 # Keep arch NUMA mapping infrastructure post-init. 516 config NUMA_KEEP_MEMINFO 517 bool 518 519 config MEMORY_ISOLATION 520 bool 521 522 # IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM regions in the kernel resource tree that are marked 523 # IORESOURCE_EXCLUSIVE cannot be mapped to user space, for example, via 524 # /dev/mem. 525 config EXCLUSIVE_SYSTEM_RAM 526 def_bool y 527 depends on !DEVMEM || STRICT_DEVMEM 528 529 # 530 # Only be set on architectures that have completely implemented memory hotplug 531 # feature. If you are not sure, don't touch it. 532 # 533 config HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE 534 def_bool n 535 536 config ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG 537 bool 538 539 config ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE 540 bool 541 542 # eventually, we can have this option just 'select SPARSEMEM' 543 menuconfig MEMORY_HOTPLUG 544 bool "Memory hotplug" 545 select MEMORY_ISOLATION 546 depends on SPARSEMEM 547 depends on ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTPLUG 548 depends on 64BIT 549 select NUMA_KEEP_MEMINFO if NUMA 550 551 if MEMORY_HOTPLUG 552 553 config MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE 554 bool "Online the newly added memory blocks by default" 555 depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG 556 help 557 This option sets the default policy setting for memory hotplug 558 onlining policy (/sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks) which 559 determines what happens to newly added memory regions. Policy setting 560 can always be changed at runtime. 561 See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/memory-hotplug.rst for more information. 562 563 Say Y here if you want all hot-plugged memory blocks to appear in 564 'online' state by default. 565 Say N here if you want the default policy to keep all hot-plugged 566 memory blocks in 'offline' state. 567 568 config MEMORY_HOTREMOVE 569 bool "Allow for memory hot remove" 570 select HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE if (X86_64 || PPC64) 571 depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG && ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE 572 depends on MIGRATION 573 574 config MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY 575 def_bool y 576 depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG && SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP 577 depends on ARCH_MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY_ENABLE 578 579 endif # MEMORY_HOTPLUG 580 581 config ARCH_MHP_MEMMAP_ON_MEMORY_ENABLE 582 bool 583 584 # Heavily threaded applications may benefit from splitting the mm-wide 585 # page_table_lock, so that faults on different parts of the user address 586 # space can be handled with less contention: split it at this NR_CPUS. 587 # Default to 4 for wider testing, though 8 might be more appropriate. 588 # ARM's adjust_pte (unused if VIPT) depends on mm-wide page_table_lock. 589 # PA-RISC 7xxx's spinlock_t would enlarge struct page from 32 to 44 bytes. 590 # SPARC32 allocates multiple pte tables within a single page, and therefore 591 # a per-page lock leads to problems when multiple tables need to be locked 592 # at the same time (e.g. copy_page_range()). 593 # DEBUG_SPINLOCK and DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC spinlock_t also enlarge struct page. 594 # 595 config SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS 596 def_bool y 597 depends on MMU 598 depends on SMP 599 depends on NR_CPUS >= 4 600 depends on !ARM || CPU_CACHE_VIPT 601 depends on !PARISC || PA20 602 depends on !SPARC32 603 604 config ARCH_ENABLE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCK 605 bool 606 607 config SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCKS 608 def_bool y 609 depends on SPLIT_PTE_PTLOCKS && ARCH_ENABLE_SPLIT_PMD_PTLOCK 610 611 # 612 # support for memory balloon 613 config MEMORY_BALLOON 614 bool 615 616 # 617 # support for memory balloon compaction 618 config BALLOON_COMPACTION 619 bool "Allow for balloon memory compaction/migration" 620 default y 621 depends on COMPACTION && MEMORY_BALLOON 622 help 623 Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce 624 significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be 625 used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated 626 with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used 627 by the guest workload. Allowing the compaction & migration for memory 628 pages enlisted as being part of memory balloon devices avoids the 629 scenario aforementioned and helps improving memory defragmentation. 630 631 # 632 # support for memory compaction 633 config COMPACTION 634 bool "Allow for memory compaction" 635 default y 636 select MIGRATION 637 depends on MMU 638 help 639 Compaction is the only memory management component to form 640 high order (larger physically contiguous) memory blocks 641 reliably. The page allocator relies on compaction heavily and 642 the lack of the feature can lead to unexpected OOM killer 643 invocations for high order memory requests. You shouldn't 644 disable this option unless there really is a strong reason for 645 it and then we would be really interested to hear about that at 646 linux-mm@kvack.org. 647 648 config COMPACT_UNEVICTABLE_DEFAULT 649 int 650 depends on COMPACTION 651 default 0 if PREEMPT_RT 652 default 1 653 654 # 655 # support for free page reporting 656 config PAGE_REPORTING 657 bool "Free page reporting" 658 help 659 Free page reporting allows for the incremental acquisition of 660 free pages from the buddy allocator for the purpose of reporting 661 those pages to another entity, such as a hypervisor, so that the 662 memory can be freed within the host for other uses. 663 664 # 665 # support for page migration 666 # 667 config MIGRATION 668 bool "Page migration" 669 default y 670 depends on (NUMA || ARCH_ENABLE_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE || COMPACTION || CMA) && MMU 671 help 672 Allows the migration of the physical location of pages of processes 673 while the virtual addresses are not changed. This is useful in 674 two situations. The first is on NUMA systems to put pages nearer 675 to the processors accessing. The second is when allocating huge 676 pages as migration can relocate pages to satisfy a huge page 677 allocation instead of reclaiming. 678 679 config DEVICE_MIGRATION 680 def_bool MIGRATION && ZONE_DEVICE 681 682 config ARCH_ENABLE_HUGEPAGE_MIGRATION 683 bool 684 685 config ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION 686 bool 687 688 config HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE 689 def_bool n 690 help 691 Allows the pageblock_order value to be dynamic instead of just standard 692 HUGETLB_PAGE_ORDER when there are multiple HugeTLB page sizes available 693 on a platform. 694 695 Note that the pageblock_order cannot exceed MAX_PAGE_ORDER and will be 696 clamped down to MAX_PAGE_ORDER. 697 698 config CONTIG_ALLOC 699 def_bool (MEMORY_ISOLATION && COMPACTION) || CMA 700 701 config PCP_BATCH_SCALE_MAX 702 int "Maximum scale factor of PCP (Per-CPU pageset) batch allocate/free" 703 default 5 704 range 0 6 705 help 706 In page allocator, PCP (Per-CPU pageset) is refilled and drained in 707 batches. The batch number is scaled automatically to improve page 708 allocation/free throughput. But too large scale factor may hurt 709 latency. This option sets the upper limit of scale factor to limit 710 the maximum latency. 711 712 config PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT 713 def_bool 64BIT 714 715 config BOUNCE 716 bool "Enable bounce buffers" 717 default y 718 depends on BLOCK && MMU && HIGHMEM 719 help 720 Enable bounce buffers for devices that cannot access the full range of 721 memory available to the CPU. Enabled by default when HIGHMEM is 722 selected, but you may say n to override this. 723 724 config MMU_NOTIFIER 725 bool 726 select INTERVAL_TREE 727 728 config KSM 729 bool "Enable KSM for page merging" 730 depends on MMU 731 select XXHASH 732 help 733 Enable Kernel Samepage Merging: KSM periodically scans those areas 734 of an application's address space that an app has advised may be 735 mergeable. When it finds pages of identical content, it replaces 736 the many instances by a single page with that content, so 737 saving memory until one or another app needs to modify the content. 738 Recommended for use with KVM, or with other duplicative applications. 739 See Documentation/mm/ksm.rst for more information: KSM is inactive 740 until a program has madvised that an area is MADV_MERGEABLE, and 741 root has set /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run to 1 (if CONFIG_SYSFS is set). 742 743 config DEFAULT_MMAP_MIN_ADDR 744 int "Low address space to protect from user allocation" 745 depends on MMU 746 default 4096 747 help 748 This is the portion of low virtual memory which should be protected 749 from userspace allocation. Keeping a user from writing to low pages 750 can help reduce the impact of kernel NULL pointer bugs. 751 752 For most arm64, ppc64 and x86 users with lots of address space 753 a value of 65536 is reasonable and should cause no problems. 754 On arm and other archs it should not be higher than 32768. 755 Programs which use vm86 functionality or have some need to map 756 this low address space will need CAP_SYS_RAWIO or disable this 757 protection by setting the value to 0. 758 759 This value can be changed after boot using the 760 /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr tunable. 761 762 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE 763 bool 764 765 config MEMORY_FAILURE 766 depends on MMU 767 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE 768 bool "Enable recovery from hardware memory errors" 769 select MEMORY_ISOLATION 770 select RAS 771 help 772 Enables code to recover from some memory failures on systems 773 with MCA recovery. This allows a system to continue running 774 even when some of its memory has uncorrected errors. This requires 775 special hardware support and typically ECC memory. 776 777 config HWPOISON_INJECT 778 tristate "HWPoison pages injector" 779 depends on MEMORY_FAILURE && DEBUG_KERNEL && PROC_FS 780 select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR 781 782 config NOMMU_INITIAL_TRIM_EXCESS 783 int "Turn on mmap() excess space trimming before booting" 784 depends on !MMU 785 default 1 786 help 787 The NOMMU mmap() frequently needs to allocate large contiguous chunks 788 of memory on which to store mappings, but it can only ask the system 789 allocator for chunks in 2^N*PAGE_SIZE amounts - which is frequently 790 more than it requires. To deal with this, mmap() is able to trim off 791 the excess and return it to the allocator. 792 793 If trimming is enabled, the excess is trimmed off and returned to the 794 system allocator, which can cause extra fragmentation, particularly 795 if there are a lot of transient processes. 796 797 If trimming is disabled, the excess is kept, but not used, which for 798 long-term mappings means that the space is wasted. 799 800 Trimming can be dynamically controlled through a sysctl option 801 (/proc/sys/vm/nr_trim_pages) which specifies the minimum number of 802 excess pages there must be before trimming should occur, or zero if 803 no trimming is to occur. 804 805 This option specifies the initial value of this option. The default 806 of 1 says that all excess pages should be trimmed. 807 808 See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/nommu-mmap.rst for more information. 809 810 config ARCH_WANT_GENERAL_HUGETLB 811 bool 812 813 config ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP 814 def_bool n 815 816 menuconfig TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE 817 bool "Transparent Hugepage Support" 818 depends on HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && !PREEMPT_RT 819 select COMPACTION 820 select XARRAY_MULTI 821 help 822 Transparent Hugepages allows the kernel to use huge pages and 823 huge tlb transparently to the applications whenever possible. 824 This feature can improve computing performance to certain 825 applications by speeding up page faults during memory 826 allocation, by reducing the number of tlb misses and by speeding 827 up the pagetable walking. 828 829 If memory constrained on embedded, you may want to say N. 830 831 if TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE 832 833 choice 834 prompt "Transparent Hugepage Support sysfs defaults" 835 depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE 836 default TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS 837 help 838 Selects the sysfs defaults for Transparent Hugepage Support. 839 840 config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS 841 bool "always" 842 help 843 Enabling Transparent Hugepage always, can increase the 844 memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed 845 benefit but it will work automatically for all applications. 846 847 config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_MADVISE 848 bool "madvise" 849 help 850 Enabling Transparent Hugepage madvise, will only provide a 851 performance improvement benefit to the applications using 852 madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) but it won't risk to increase the 853 memory footprint of applications without a guaranteed 854 benefit. 855 856 config TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_NEVER 857 bool "never" 858 help 859 Disable Transparent Hugepage by default. It can still be 860 enabled at runtime via sysfs. 861 endchoice 862 863 config THP_SWAP 864 def_bool y 865 depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && ARCH_WANTS_THP_SWAP && SWAP && 64BIT 866 help 867 Swap transparent huge pages in one piece, without splitting. 868 XXX: For now, swap cluster backing transparent huge page 869 will be split after swapout. 870 871 For selection by architectures with reasonable THP sizes. 872 873 config READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS 874 bool "Read-only THP for filesystems (EXPERIMENTAL)" 875 depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && SHMEM 876 877 help 878 Allow khugepaged to put read-only file-backed pages in THP. 879 880 This is marked experimental because it is a new feature. Write 881 support of file THPs will be developed in the next few release 882 cycles. 883 884 endif # TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE 885 886 # 887 # The architecture supports pgtable leaves that is larger than PAGE_SIZE 888 # 889 config PGTABLE_HAS_HUGE_LEAVES 890 def_bool TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE || HUGETLB_PAGE 891 892 # TODO: Allow to be enabled without THP 893 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_HUGE_PFNMAP 894 def_bool n 895 depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE 896 897 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_PMD_PFNMAP 898 def_bool y 899 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_HUGE_PFNMAP && HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE 900 901 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_PUD_PFNMAP 902 def_bool y 903 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_HUGE_PFNMAP && HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD 904 905 # 906 # UP and nommu archs use km based percpu allocator 907 # 908 config NEED_PER_CPU_KM 909 depends on !SMP || !MMU 910 bool 911 default y 912 913 config NEED_PER_CPU_EMBED_FIRST_CHUNK 914 bool 915 916 config NEED_PER_CPU_PAGE_FIRST_CHUNK 917 bool 918 919 config USE_PERCPU_NUMA_NODE_ID 920 bool 921 922 config HAVE_SETUP_PER_CPU_AREA 923 bool 924 925 config CMA 926 bool "Contiguous Memory Allocator" 927 depends on MMU 928 select MIGRATION 929 select MEMORY_ISOLATION 930 help 931 This enables the Contiguous Memory Allocator which allows other 932 subsystems to allocate big physically-contiguous blocks of memory. 933 CMA reserves a region of memory and allows only movable pages to 934 be allocated from it. This way, the kernel can use the memory for 935 pagecache and when a subsystem requests for contiguous area, the 936 allocated pages are migrated away to serve the contiguous request. 937 938 If unsure, say "n". 939 940 config CMA_DEBUGFS 941 bool "CMA debugfs interface" 942 depends on CMA && DEBUG_FS 943 help 944 Turns on the DebugFS interface for CMA. 945 946 config CMA_SYSFS 947 bool "CMA information through sysfs interface" 948 depends on CMA && SYSFS 949 help 950 This option exposes some sysfs attributes to get information 951 from CMA. 952 953 config CMA_AREAS 954 int "Maximum count of the CMA areas" 955 depends on CMA 956 default 20 if NUMA 957 default 8 958 help 959 CMA allows to create CMA areas for particular purpose, mainly, 960 used as device private area. This parameter sets the maximum 961 number of CMA area in the system. 962 963 If unsure, leave the default value "8" in UMA and "20" in NUMA. 964 965 config MEM_SOFT_DIRTY 966 bool "Track memory changes" 967 depends on CHECKPOINT_RESTORE && HAVE_ARCH_SOFT_DIRTY && PROC_FS 968 select PROC_PAGE_MONITOR 969 help 970 This option enables memory changes tracking by introducing a 971 soft-dirty bit on pte-s. This bit it set when someone writes 972 into a page just as regular dirty bit, but unlike the latter 973 it can be cleared by hands. 974 975 See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/soft-dirty.rst for more details. 976 977 config GENERIC_EARLY_IOREMAP 978 bool 979 980 config STACK_MAX_DEFAULT_SIZE_MB 981 int "Default maximum user stack size for 32-bit processes (MB)" 982 default 100 983 range 8 2048 984 depends on STACK_GROWSUP && (!64BIT || COMPAT) 985 help 986 This is the maximum stack size in Megabytes in the VM layout of 32-bit 987 user processes when the stack grows upwards (currently only on parisc 988 arch) when the RLIMIT_STACK hard limit is unlimited. 989 990 A sane initial value is 100 MB. 991 992 config DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT 993 bool "Defer initialisation of struct pages to kthreads" 994 depends on SPARSEMEM 995 depends on !NEED_PER_CPU_KM 996 depends on 64BIT 997 depends on !KMSAN 998 select PADATA 999 help 1000 Ordinarily all struct pages are initialised during early boot in a 1001 single thread. On very large machines this can take a considerable 1002 amount of time. If this option is set, large machines will bring up 1003 a subset of memmap at boot and then initialise the rest in parallel. 1004 This has a potential performance impact on tasks running early in the 1005 lifetime of the system until these kthreads finish the 1006 initialisation. 1007 1008 config PAGE_IDLE_FLAG 1009 bool 1010 select PAGE_EXTENSION if !64BIT 1011 help 1012 This adds PG_idle and PG_young flags to 'struct page'. PTE Accessed 1013 bit writers can set the state of the bit in the flags so that PTE 1014 Accessed bit readers may avoid disturbance. 1015 1016 config IDLE_PAGE_TRACKING 1017 bool "Enable idle page tracking" 1018 depends on SYSFS && MMU 1019 select PAGE_IDLE_FLAG 1020 help 1021 This feature allows to estimate the amount of user pages that have 1022 not been touched during a given period of time. This information can 1023 be useful to tune memory cgroup limits and/or for job placement 1024 within a compute cluster. 1025 1026 See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/idle_page_tracking.rst for 1027 more details. 1028 1029 # Architectures which implement cpu_dcache_is_aliasing() to query 1030 # whether the data caches are aliased (VIVT or VIPT with dcache 1031 # aliasing) need to select this. 1032 config ARCH_HAS_CPU_CACHE_ALIASING 1033 bool 1034 1035 config ARCH_HAS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE 1036 bool 1037 1038 config ARCH_HAS_CURRENT_STACK_POINTER 1039 bool 1040 help 1041 In support of HARDENED_USERCOPY performing stack variable lifetime 1042 checking, an architecture-agnostic way to find the stack pointer 1043 is needed. Once an architecture defines an unsigned long global 1044 register alias named "current_stack_pointer", this config can be 1045 selected. 1046 1047 config ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP 1048 bool 1049 1050 config ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET 1051 bool 1052 1053 config ZONE_DMA 1054 bool "Support DMA zone" if ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET 1055 default y if ARM64 || X86 1056 1057 config ZONE_DMA32 1058 bool "Support DMA32 zone" if ARCH_HAS_ZONE_DMA_SET 1059 depends on !X86_32 1060 default y if ARM64 1061 1062 config ZONE_DEVICE 1063 bool "Device memory (pmem, HMM, etc...) hotplug support" 1064 depends on MEMORY_HOTPLUG 1065 depends on MEMORY_HOTREMOVE 1066 depends on SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP 1067 depends on ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP 1068 select XARRAY_MULTI 1069 1070 help 1071 Device memory hotplug support allows for establishing pmem, 1072 or other device driver discovered memory regions, in the 1073 memmap. This allows pfn_to_page() lookups of otherwise 1074 "device-physical" addresses which is needed for using a DAX 1075 mapping in an O_DIRECT operation, among other things. 1076 1077 If FS_DAX is enabled, then say Y. 1078 1079 # 1080 # Helpers to mirror range of the CPU page tables of a process into device page 1081 # tables. 1082 # 1083 config HMM_MIRROR 1084 bool 1085 depends on MMU 1086 1087 config GET_FREE_REGION 1088 bool 1089 1090 config DEVICE_PRIVATE 1091 bool "Unaddressable device memory (GPU memory, ...)" 1092 depends on ZONE_DEVICE 1093 select GET_FREE_REGION 1094 1095 help 1096 Allows creation of struct pages to represent unaddressable device 1097 memory; i.e., memory that is only accessible from the device (or 1098 group of devices). You likely also want to select HMM_MIRROR. 1099 1100 config VMAP_PFN 1101 bool 1102 1103 config ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS 1104 bool 1105 config ARCH_HAS_PKEYS 1106 bool 1107 1108 config ARCH_USES_PG_ARCH_2 1109 bool 1110 config ARCH_USES_PG_ARCH_3 1111 bool 1112 1113 config VM_EVENT_COUNTERS 1114 default y 1115 bool "Enable VM event counters for /proc/vmstat" if EXPERT 1116 help 1117 VM event counters are needed for event counts to be shown. 1118 This option allows the disabling of the VM event counters 1119 on EXPERT systems. /proc/vmstat will only show page counts 1120 if VM event counters are disabled. 1121 1122 config PERCPU_STATS 1123 bool "Collect percpu memory statistics" 1124 help 1125 This feature collects and exposes statistics via debugfs. The 1126 information includes global and per chunk statistics, which can 1127 be used to help understand percpu memory usage. 1128 1129 config GUP_TEST 1130 bool "Enable infrastructure for get_user_pages()-related unit tests" 1131 depends on DEBUG_FS 1132 help 1133 Provides /sys/kernel/debug/gup_test, which in turn provides a way 1134 to make ioctl calls that can launch kernel-based unit tests for 1135 the get_user_pages*() and pin_user_pages*() family of API calls. 1136 1137 These tests include benchmark testing of the _fast variants of 1138 get_user_pages*() and pin_user_pages*(), as well as smoke tests of 1139 the non-_fast variants. 1140 1141 There is also a sub-test that allows running dump_page() on any 1142 of up to eight pages (selected by command line args) within the 1143 range of user-space addresses. These pages are either pinned via 1144 pin_user_pages*(), or pinned via get_user_pages*(), as specified 1145 by other command line arguments. 1146 1147 See tools/testing/selftests/mm/gup_test.c 1148 1149 comment "GUP_TEST needs to have DEBUG_FS enabled" 1150 depends on !GUP_TEST && !DEBUG_FS 1151 1152 config GUP_GET_PXX_LOW_HIGH 1153 bool 1154 1155 config DMAPOOL_TEST 1156 tristate "Enable a module to run time tests on dma_pool" 1157 depends on HAS_DMA 1158 help 1159 Provides a test module that will allocate and free many blocks of 1160 various sizes and report how long it takes. This is intended to 1161 provide a consistent way to measure how changes to the 1162 dma_pool_alloc/free routines affect performance. 1163 1164 config ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL 1165 bool 1166 1167 config MAPPING_DIRTY_HELPERS 1168 bool 1169 1170 config KMAP_LOCAL 1171 bool 1172 1173 config KMAP_LOCAL_NON_LINEAR_PTE_ARRAY 1174 bool 1175 1176 # struct io_mapping based helper. Selected by drivers that need them 1177 config IO_MAPPING 1178 bool 1179 1180 config MEMFD_CREATE 1181 bool "Enable memfd_create() system call" if EXPERT 1182 1183 config SECRETMEM 1184 default y 1185 bool "Enable memfd_secret() system call" if EXPERT 1186 depends on ARCH_HAS_SET_DIRECT_MAP 1187 help 1188 Enable the memfd_secret() system call with the ability to create 1189 memory areas visible only in the context of the owning process and 1190 not mapped to other processes and other kernel page tables. 1191 1192 config ANON_VMA_NAME 1193 bool "Anonymous VMA name support" 1194 depends on PROC_FS && ADVISE_SYSCALLS && MMU 1195 1196 help 1197 Allow naming anonymous virtual memory areas. 1198 1199 This feature allows assigning names to virtual memory areas. Assigned 1200 names can be later retrieved from /proc/pid/maps and /proc/pid/smaps 1201 and help identifying individual anonymous memory areas. 1202 Assigning a name to anonymous virtual memory area might prevent that 1203 area from being merged with adjacent virtual memory areas due to the 1204 difference in their name. 1205 1206 config HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_WP 1207 bool 1208 help 1209 Arch has userfaultfd write protection support 1210 1211 config HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_MINOR 1212 bool 1213 help 1214 Arch has userfaultfd minor fault support 1215 1216 menuconfig USERFAULTFD 1217 bool "Enable userfaultfd() system call" 1218 depends on MMU 1219 help 1220 Enable the userfaultfd() system call that allows to intercept and 1221 handle page faults in userland. 1222 1223 if USERFAULTFD 1224 config PTE_MARKER_UFFD_WP 1225 bool "Userfaultfd write protection support for shmem/hugetlbfs" 1226 default y 1227 depends on HAVE_ARCH_USERFAULTFD_WP 1228 1229 help 1230 Allows to create marker PTEs for userfaultfd write protection 1231 purposes. It is required to enable userfaultfd write protection on 1232 file-backed memory types like shmem and hugetlbfs. 1233 endif # USERFAULTFD 1234 1235 # multi-gen LRU { 1236 config LRU_GEN 1237 bool "Multi-Gen LRU" 1238 depends on MMU 1239 # make sure folio->flags has enough spare bits 1240 depends on 64BIT || !SPARSEMEM || SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP 1241 help 1242 A high performance LRU implementation to overcommit memory. See 1243 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/multigen_lru.rst for details. 1244 1245 config LRU_GEN_ENABLED 1246 bool "Enable by default" 1247 depends on LRU_GEN 1248 help 1249 This option enables the multi-gen LRU by default. 1250 1251 config LRU_GEN_STATS 1252 bool "Full stats for debugging" 1253 depends on LRU_GEN 1254 help 1255 Do not enable this option unless you plan to look at historical stats 1256 from evicted generations for debugging purpose. 1257 1258 This option has a per-memcg and per-node memory overhead. 1259 1260 config LRU_GEN_WALKS_MMU 1261 def_bool y 1262 depends on LRU_GEN && ARCH_HAS_HW_PTE_YOUNG 1263 # } 1264 1265 config ARCH_SUPPORTS_PER_VMA_LOCK 1266 def_bool n 1267 1268 config PER_VMA_LOCK 1269 def_bool y 1270 depends on ARCH_SUPPORTS_PER_VMA_LOCK && MMU && SMP 1271 help 1272 Allow per-vma locking during page fault handling. 1273 1274 This feature allows locking each virtual memory area separately when 1275 handling page faults instead of taking mmap_lock. 1276 1277 config LOCK_MM_AND_FIND_VMA 1278 bool 1279 depends on !STACK_GROWSUP 1280 1281 config IOMMU_MM_DATA 1282 bool 1283 1284 config EXECMEM 1285 bool 1286 1287 config NUMA_MEMBLKS 1288 bool 1289 1290 config NUMA_EMU 1291 bool "NUMA emulation" 1292 depends on NUMA_MEMBLKS 1293 help 1294 Enable NUMA emulation. A flat machine will be split 1295 into virtual nodes when booted with "numa=fake=N", where N is the 1296 number of nodes. This is only useful for debugging. 1297 1298 config ARCH_HAS_USER_SHADOW_STACK 1299 bool 1300 help 1301 The architecture has hardware support for userspace shadow call 1302 stacks (eg, x86 CET, arm64 GCS or RISC-V Zicfiss). 1303 1304 source "mm/damon/Kconfig" 1305 1306 endmenu 1307