xref: /linux/Documentation/filesystems/mount_api.rst (revision a1ff5a7d78a036d6c2178ee5acd6ba4946243800)
1.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2
3====================
4Filesystem Mount API
5====================
6
7.. CONTENTS
8
9 (1) Overview.
10
11 (2) The filesystem context.
12
13 (3) The filesystem context operations.
14
15 (4) Filesystem context security.
16
17 (5) VFS filesystem context API.
18
19 (6) Superblock creation helpers.
20
21 (7) Parameter description.
22
23 (8) Parameter helper functions.
24
25
26Overview
27========
28
29The creation of new mounts is now to be done in a multistep process:
30
31 (1) Create a filesystem context.
32
33 (2) Parse the parameters and attach them to the context.  Parameters are
34     expected to be passed individually from userspace, though legacy binary
35     parameters can also be handled.
36
37 (3) Validate and pre-process the context.
38
39 (4) Get or create a superblock and mountable root.
40
41 (5) Perform the mount.
42
43 (6) Return an error message attached to the context.
44
45 (7) Destroy the context.
46
47To support this, the file_system_type struct gains two new fields::
48
49	int (*init_fs_context)(struct fs_context *fc);
50	const struct fs_parameter_description *parameters;
51
52The first is invoked to set up the filesystem-specific parts of a filesystem
53context, including the additional space, and the second points to the
54parameter description for validation at registration time and querying by a
55future system call.
56
57Note that security initialisation is done *after* the filesystem is called so
58that the namespaces may be adjusted first.
59
60
61The Filesystem context
62======================
63
64The creation and reconfiguration of a superblock is governed by a filesystem
65context.  This is represented by the fs_context structure::
66
67	struct fs_context {
68		const struct fs_context_operations *ops;
69		struct file_system_type *fs_type;
70		void			*fs_private;
71		struct dentry		*root;
72		struct user_namespace	*user_ns;
73		struct net		*net_ns;
74		const struct cred	*cred;
75		char			*source;
76		char			*subtype;
77		void			*security;
78		void			*s_fs_info;
79		unsigned int		sb_flags;
80		unsigned int		sb_flags_mask;
81		unsigned int		s_iflags;
82		enum fs_context_purpose	purpose:8;
83		...
84	};
85
86The fs_context fields are as follows:
87
88   * ::
89
90       const struct fs_context_operations *ops
91
92     These are operations that can be done on a filesystem context (see
93     below).  This must be set by the ->init_fs_context() file_system_type
94     operation.
95
96   * ::
97
98       struct file_system_type *fs_type
99
100     A pointer to the file_system_type of the filesystem that is being
101     constructed or reconfigured.  This retains a reference on the type owner.
102
103   * ::
104
105       void *fs_private
106
107     A pointer to the file system's private data.  This is where the filesystem
108     will need to store any options it parses.
109
110   * ::
111
112       struct dentry *root
113
114     A pointer to the root of the mountable tree (and indirectly, the
115     superblock thereof).  This is filled in by the ->get_tree() op.  If this
116     is set, an active reference on root->d_sb must also be held.
117
118   * ::
119
120       struct user_namespace *user_ns
121       struct net *net_ns
122
123     There are a subset of the namespaces in use by the invoking process.  They
124     retain references on each namespace.  The subscribed namespaces may be
125     replaced by the filesystem to reflect other sources, such as the parent
126     mount superblock on an automount.
127
128   * ::
129
130       const struct cred *cred
131
132     The mounter's credentials.  This retains a reference on the credentials.
133
134   * ::
135
136       char *source
137
138     This specifies the source.  It may be a block device (e.g. /dev/sda1) or
139     something more exotic, such as the "host:/path" that NFS desires.
140
141   * ::
142
143       char *subtype
144
145     This is a string to be added to the type displayed in /proc/mounts to
146     qualify it (used by FUSE).  This is available for the filesystem to set if
147     desired.
148
149   * ::
150
151       void *security
152
153     A place for the LSMs to hang their security data for the superblock.  The
154     relevant security operations are described below.
155
156   * ::
157
158       void *s_fs_info
159
160     The proposed s_fs_info for a new superblock, set in the superblock by
161     sget_fc().  This can be used to distinguish superblocks.
162
163   * ::
164
165       unsigned int sb_flags
166       unsigned int sb_flags_mask
167
168     Which bits SB_* flags are to be set/cleared in super_block::s_flags.
169
170   * ::
171
172       unsigned int s_iflags
173
174     These will be bitwise-OR'd with s->s_iflags when a superblock is created.
175
176   * ::
177
178       enum fs_context_purpose
179
180     This indicates the purpose for which the context is intended.  The
181     available values are:
182
183	==========================	======================================
184	FS_CONTEXT_FOR_MOUNT,		New superblock for explicit mount
185	FS_CONTEXT_FOR_SUBMOUNT		New automatic submount of extant mount
186	FS_CONTEXT_FOR_RECONFIGURE	Change an existing mount
187	==========================	======================================
188
189The mount context is created by calling vfs_new_fs_context() or
190vfs_dup_fs_context() and is destroyed with put_fs_context().  Note that the
191structure is not refcounted.
192
193VFS, security and filesystem mount options are set individually with
194vfs_parse_mount_option().  Options provided by the old mount(2) system call as
195a page of data can be parsed with generic_parse_monolithic().
196
197When mounting, the filesystem is allowed to take data from any of the pointers
198and attach it to the superblock (or whatever), provided it clears the pointer
199in the mount context.
200
201The filesystem is also allowed to allocate resources and pin them with the
202mount context.  For instance, NFS might pin the appropriate protocol version
203module.
204
205
206The Filesystem Context Operations
207=================================
208
209The filesystem context points to a table of operations::
210
211	struct fs_context_operations {
212		void (*free)(struct fs_context *fc);
213		int (*dup)(struct fs_context *fc, struct fs_context *src_fc);
214		int (*parse_param)(struct fs_context *fc,
215				   struct fs_parameter *param);
216		int (*parse_monolithic)(struct fs_context *fc, void *data);
217		int (*get_tree)(struct fs_context *fc);
218		int (*reconfigure)(struct fs_context *fc);
219	};
220
221These operations are invoked by the various stages of the mount procedure to
222manage the filesystem context.  They are as follows:
223
224   * ::
225
226	void (*free)(struct fs_context *fc);
227
228     Called to clean up the filesystem-specific part of the filesystem context
229     when the context is destroyed.  It should be aware that parts of the
230     context may have been removed and NULL'd out by ->get_tree().
231
232   * ::
233
234	int (*dup)(struct fs_context *fc, struct fs_context *src_fc);
235
236     Called when a filesystem context has been duplicated to duplicate the
237     filesystem-private data.  An error may be returned to indicate failure to
238     do this.
239
240     .. Warning::
241
242         Note that even if this fails, put_fs_context() will be called
243	 immediately thereafter, so ->dup() *must* make the
244	 filesystem-private data safe for ->free().
245
246   * ::
247
248	int (*parse_param)(struct fs_context *fc,
249			   struct fs_parameter *param);
250
251     Called when a parameter is being added to the filesystem context.  param
252     points to the key name and maybe a value object.  VFS-specific options
253     will have been weeded out and fc->sb_flags updated in the context.
254     Security options will also have been weeded out and fc->security updated.
255
256     The parameter can be parsed with fs_parse() and fs_lookup_param().  Note
257     that the source(s) are presented as parameters named "source".
258
259     If successful, 0 should be returned or a negative error code otherwise.
260
261   * ::
262
263	int (*parse_monolithic)(struct fs_context *fc, void *data);
264
265     Called when the mount(2) system call is invoked to pass the entire data
266     page in one go.  If this is expected to be just a list of "key[=val]"
267     items separated by commas, then this may be set to NULL.
268
269     The return value is as for ->parse_param().
270
271     If the filesystem (e.g. NFS) needs to examine the data first and then
272     finds it's the standard key-val list then it may pass it off to
273     generic_parse_monolithic().
274
275   * ::
276
277	int (*get_tree)(struct fs_context *fc);
278
279     Called to get or create the mountable root and superblock, using the
280     information stored in the filesystem context (reconfiguration goes via a
281     different vector).  It may detach any resources it desires from the
282     filesystem context and transfer them to the superblock it creates.
283
284     On success it should set fc->root to the mountable root and return 0.  In
285     the case of an error, it should return a negative error code.
286
287     The phase on a userspace-driven context will be set to only allow this to
288     be called once on any particular context.
289
290   * ::
291
292	int (*reconfigure)(struct fs_context *fc);
293
294     Called to effect reconfiguration of a superblock using information stored
295     in the filesystem context.  It may detach any resources it desires from
296     the filesystem context and transfer them to the superblock.  The
297     superblock can be found from fc->root->d_sb.
298
299     On success it should return 0.  In the case of an error, it should return
300     a negative error code.
301
302     .. Note:: reconfigure is intended as a replacement for remount_fs.
303
304
305Filesystem context Security
306===========================
307
308The filesystem context contains a security pointer that the LSMs can use for
309building up a security context for the superblock to be mounted.  There are a
310number of operations used by the new mount code for this purpose:
311
312   * ::
313
314	int security_fs_context_alloc(struct fs_context *fc,
315				      struct dentry *reference);
316
317     Called to initialise fc->security (which is preset to NULL) and allocate
318     any resources needed.  It should return 0 on success or a negative error
319     code on failure.
320
321     reference will be non-NULL if the context is being created for superblock
322     reconfiguration (FS_CONTEXT_FOR_RECONFIGURE) in which case it indicates
323     the root dentry of the superblock to be reconfigured.  It will also be
324     non-NULL in the case of a submount (FS_CONTEXT_FOR_SUBMOUNT) in which case
325     it indicates the automount point.
326
327   * ::
328
329	int security_fs_context_dup(struct fs_context *fc,
330				    struct fs_context *src_fc);
331
332     Called to initialise fc->security (which is preset to NULL) and allocate
333     any resources needed.  The original filesystem context is pointed to by
334     src_fc and may be used for reference.  It should return 0 on success or a
335     negative error code on failure.
336
337   * ::
338
339	void security_fs_context_free(struct fs_context *fc);
340
341     Called to clean up anything attached to fc->security.  Note that the
342     contents may have been transferred to a superblock and the pointer cleared
343     during get_tree.
344
345   * ::
346
347	int security_fs_context_parse_param(struct fs_context *fc,
348					    struct fs_parameter *param);
349
350     Called for each mount parameter, including the source.  The arguments are
351     as for the ->parse_param() method.  It should return 0 to indicate that
352     the parameter should be passed on to the filesystem, 1 to indicate that
353     the parameter should be discarded or an error to indicate that the
354     parameter should be rejected.
355
356     The value pointed to by param may be modified (if a string) or stolen
357     (provided the value pointer is NULL'd out).  If it is stolen, 1 must be
358     returned to prevent it being passed to the filesystem.
359
360   * ::
361
362	int security_fs_context_validate(struct fs_context *fc);
363
364     Called after all the options have been parsed to validate the collection
365     as a whole and to do any necessary allocation so that
366     security_sb_get_tree() and security_sb_reconfigure() are less likely to
367     fail.  It should return 0 or a negative error code.
368
369     In the case of reconfiguration, the target superblock will be accessible
370     via fc->root.
371
372   * ::
373
374	int security_sb_get_tree(struct fs_context *fc);
375
376     Called during the mount procedure to verify that the specified superblock
377     is allowed to be mounted and to transfer the security data there.  It
378     should return 0 or a negative error code.
379
380   * ::
381
382	void security_sb_reconfigure(struct fs_context *fc);
383
384     Called to apply any reconfiguration to an LSM's context.  It must not
385     fail.  Error checking and resource allocation must be done in advance by
386     the parameter parsing and validation hooks.
387
388   * ::
389
390	int security_sb_mountpoint(struct fs_context *fc,
391			           struct path *mountpoint,
392				   unsigned int mnt_flags);
393
394     Called during the mount procedure to verify that the root dentry attached
395     to the context is permitted to be attached to the specified mountpoint.
396     It should return 0 on success or a negative error code on failure.
397
398
399VFS Filesystem context API
400==========================
401
402There are four operations for creating a filesystem context and one for
403destroying a context:
404
405   * ::
406
407       struct fs_context *fs_context_for_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
408					       unsigned int sb_flags);
409
410     Allocate a filesystem context for the purpose of setting up a new mount,
411     whether that be with a new superblock or sharing an existing one.  This
412     sets the superblock flags, initialises the security and calls
413     fs_type->init_fs_context() to initialise the filesystem private data.
414
415     fs_type specifies the filesystem type that will manage the context and
416     sb_flags presets the superblock flags stored therein.
417
418   * ::
419
420       struct fs_context *fs_context_for_reconfigure(
421		struct dentry *dentry,
422		unsigned int sb_flags,
423		unsigned int sb_flags_mask);
424
425     Allocate a filesystem context for the purpose of reconfiguring an
426     existing superblock.  dentry provides a reference to the superblock to be
427     configured.  sb_flags and sb_flags_mask indicate which superblock flags
428     need changing and to what.
429
430   * ::
431
432       struct fs_context *fs_context_for_submount(
433		struct file_system_type *fs_type,
434		struct dentry *reference);
435
436     Allocate a filesystem context for the purpose of creating a new mount for
437     an automount point or other derived superblock.  fs_type specifies the
438     filesystem type that will manage the context and the reference dentry
439     supplies the parameters.  Namespaces are propagated from the reference
440     dentry's superblock also.
441
442     Note that it's not a requirement that the reference dentry be of the same
443     filesystem type as fs_type.
444
445   * ::
446
447        struct fs_context *vfs_dup_fs_context(struct fs_context *src_fc);
448
449     Duplicate a filesystem context, copying any options noted and duplicating
450     or additionally referencing any resources held therein.  This is available
451     for use where a filesystem has to get a mount within a mount, such as NFS4
452     does by internally mounting the root of the target server and then doing a
453     private pathwalk to the target directory.
454
455     The purpose in the new context is inherited from the old one.
456
457   * ::
458
459       void put_fs_context(struct fs_context *fc);
460
461     Destroy a filesystem context, releasing any resources it holds.  This
462     calls the ->free() operation.  This is intended to be called by anyone who
463     created a filesystem context.
464
465     .. Warning::
466
467        filesystem contexts are not refcounted, so this causes unconditional
468	destruction.
469
470In all the above operations, apart from the put op, the return is a mount
471context pointer or a negative error code.
472
473For the remaining operations, if an error occurs, a negative error code will be
474returned.
475
476   * ::
477
478        int vfs_parse_fs_param(struct fs_context *fc,
479			       struct fs_parameter *param);
480
481     Supply a single mount parameter to the filesystem context.  This includes
482     the specification of the source/device which is specified as the "source"
483     parameter (which may be specified multiple times if the filesystem
484     supports that).
485
486     param specifies the parameter key name and the value.  The parameter is
487     first checked to see if it corresponds to a standard mount flag (in which
488     case it is used to set an SB_xxx flag and consumed) or a security option
489     (in which case the LSM consumes it) before it is passed on to the
490     filesystem.
491
492     The parameter value is typed and can be one of:
493
494	====================		=============================
495	fs_value_is_flag		Parameter not given a value
496	fs_value_is_string		Value is a string
497	fs_value_is_blob		Value is a binary blob
498	fs_value_is_filename		Value is a filename* + dirfd
499	fs_value_is_file		Value is an open file (file*)
500	====================		=============================
501
502     If there is a value, that value is stored in a union in the struct in one
503     of param->{string,blob,name,file}.  Note that the function may steal and
504     clear the pointer, but then becomes responsible for disposing of the
505     object.
506
507   * ::
508
509       int vfs_parse_fs_string(struct fs_context *fc, const char *key,
510			       const char *value, size_t v_size);
511
512     A wrapper around vfs_parse_fs_param() that copies the value string it is
513     passed.
514
515   * ::
516
517       int generic_parse_monolithic(struct fs_context *fc, void *data);
518
519     Parse a sys_mount() data page, assuming the form to be a text list
520     consisting of key[=val] options separated by commas.  Each item in the
521     list is passed to vfs_mount_option().  This is the default when the
522     ->parse_monolithic() method is NULL.
523
524   * ::
525
526       int vfs_get_tree(struct fs_context *fc);
527
528     Get or create the mountable root and superblock, using the parameters in
529     the filesystem context to select/configure the superblock.  This invokes
530     the ->get_tree() method.
531
532   * ::
533
534       struct vfsmount *vfs_create_mount(struct fs_context *fc);
535
536     Create a mount given the parameters in the specified filesystem context.
537     Note that this does not attach the mount to anything.
538
539
540Superblock Creation Helpers
541===========================
542
543A number of VFS helpers are available for use by filesystems for the creation
544or looking up of superblocks.
545
546   * ::
547
548       struct super_block *
549       sget_fc(struct fs_context *fc,
550	       int (*test)(struct super_block *sb, struct fs_context *fc),
551	       int (*set)(struct super_block *sb, struct fs_context *fc));
552
553     This is the core routine.  If test is non-NULL, it searches for an
554     existing superblock matching the criteria held in the fs_context, using
555     the test function to match them.  If no match is found, a new superblock
556     is created and the set function is called to set it up.
557
558     Prior to the set function being called, fc->s_fs_info will be transferred
559     to sb->s_fs_info - and fc->s_fs_info will be cleared if set returns
560     success (ie. 0).
561
562The following helpers all wrap sget_fc():
563
564	(1) vfs_get_single_super
565
566	    Only one such superblock may exist in the system.  Any further
567	    attempt to get a new superblock gets this one (and any parameter
568	    differences are ignored).
569
570	(2) vfs_get_keyed_super
571
572	    Multiple superblocks of this type may exist and they're keyed on
573	    their s_fs_info pointer (for example this may refer to a
574	    namespace).
575
576	(3) vfs_get_independent_super
577
578	    Multiple independent superblocks of this type may exist.  This
579	    function never matches an existing one and always creates a new
580	    one.
581
582
583Parameter Description
584=====================
585
586Parameters are described using structures defined in linux/fs_parser.h.
587There's a core description struct that links everything together::
588
589	struct fs_parameter_description {
590		const struct fs_parameter_spec *specs;
591		const struct fs_parameter_enum *enums;
592	};
593
594For example::
595
596	enum {
597		Opt_autocell,
598		Opt_bar,
599		Opt_dyn,
600		Opt_foo,
601		Opt_source,
602	};
603
604	static const struct fs_parameter_description afs_fs_parameters = {
605		.specs		= afs_param_specs,
606		.enums		= afs_param_enums,
607	};
608
609The members are as follows:
610
611 (1) ::
612
613       const struct fs_parameter_specification *specs;
614
615     Table of parameter specifications, terminated with a null entry, where the
616     entries are of type::
617
618	struct fs_parameter_spec {
619		const char		*name;
620		u8			opt;
621		enum fs_parameter_type	type:8;
622		unsigned short		flags;
623	};
624
625     The 'name' field is a string to match exactly to the parameter key (no
626     wildcards, patterns and no case-independence) and 'opt' is the value that
627     will be returned by the fs_parser() function in the case of a successful
628     match.
629
630     The 'type' field indicates the desired value type and must be one of:
631
632	=======================	=======================	=====================
633	TYPE NAME		EXPECTED VALUE		RESULT IN
634	=======================	=======================	=====================
635	fs_param_is_flag	No value		n/a
636	fs_param_is_bool	Boolean value		result->boolean
637	fs_param_is_u32		32-bit unsigned int	result->uint_32
638	fs_param_is_u32_octal	32-bit octal int	result->uint_32
639	fs_param_is_u32_hex	32-bit hex int		result->uint_32
640	fs_param_is_s32		32-bit signed int	result->int_32
641	fs_param_is_u64		64-bit unsigned int	result->uint_64
642	fs_param_is_enum	Enum value name 	result->uint_32
643	fs_param_is_string	Arbitrary string	param->string
644	fs_param_is_blob	Binary blob		param->blob
645	fs_param_is_blockdev	Blockdev path		* Needs lookup
646	fs_param_is_path	Path			* Needs lookup
647	fs_param_is_fd		File descriptor		result->int_32
648	fs_param_is_uid		User ID (u32)           result->uid
649	fs_param_is_gid		Group ID (u32)          result->gid
650	=======================	=======================	=====================
651
652     Note that if the value is of fs_param_is_bool type, fs_parse() will try
653     to match any string value against "0", "1", "no", "yes", "false", "true".
654
655     Each parameter can also be qualified with 'flags':
656
657	=======================	================================================
658	fs_param_v_optional	The value is optional
659	fs_param_neg_with_no	result->negated set if key is prefixed with "no"
660	fs_param_neg_with_empty	result->negated set if value is ""
661	fs_param_deprecated	The parameter is deprecated.
662	=======================	================================================
663
664     These are wrapped with a number of convenience wrappers:
665
666	=======================	===============================================
667	MACRO			SPECIFIES
668	=======================	===============================================
669	fsparam_flag()		fs_param_is_flag
670	fsparam_flag_no()	fs_param_is_flag, fs_param_neg_with_no
671	fsparam_bool()		fs_param_is_bool
672	fsparam_u32()		fs_param_is_u32
673	fsparam_u32oct()	fs_param_is_u32_octal
674	fsparam_u32hex()	fs_param_is_u32_hex
675	fsparam_s32()		fs_param_is_s32
676	fsparam_u64()		fs_param_is_u64
677	fsparam_enum()		fs_param_is_enum
678	fsparam_string()	fs_param_is_string
679	fsparam_blob()		fs_param_is_blob
680	fsparam_bdev()		fs_param_is_blockdev
681	fsparam_path()		fs_param_is_path
682	fsparam_fd()		fs_param_is_fd
683	fsparam_uid()		fs_param_is_uid
684	fsparam_gid()		fs_param_is_gid
685	=======================	===============================================
686
687     all of which take two arguments, name string and option number - for
688     example::
689
690	static const struct fs_parameter_spec afs_param_specs[] = {
691		fsparam_flag	("autocell",	Opt_autocell),
692		fsparam_flag	("dyn",		Opt_dyn),
693		fsparam_string	("source",	Opt_source),
694		fsparam_flag_no	("foo",		Opt_foo),
695		{}
696	};
697
698     An addition macro, __fsparam() is provided that takes an additional pair
699     of arguments to specify the type and the flags for anything that doesn't
700     match one of the above macros.
701
702 (2) ::
703
704       const struct fs_parameter_enum *enums;
705
706     Table of enum value names to integer mappings, terminated with a null
707     entry.  This is of type::
708
709	struct fs_parameter_enum {
710		u8		opt;
711		char		name[14];
712		u8		value;
713	};
714
715     Where the array is an unsorted list of { parameter ID, name }-keyed
716     elements that indicate the value to map to, e.g.::
717
718	static const struct fs_parameter_enum afs_param_enums[] = {
719		{ Opt_bar,   "x",      1},
720		{ Opt_bar,   "y",      23},
721		{ Opt_bar,   "z",      42},
722	};
723
724     If a parameter of type fs_param_is_enum is encountered, fs_parse() will
725     try to look the value up in the enum table and the result will be stored
726     in the parse result.
727
728The parser should be pointed to by the parser pointer in the file_system_type
729struct as this will provide validation on registration (if
730CONFIG_VALIDATE_FS_PARSER=y) and will allow the description to be queried from
731userspace using the fsinfo() syscall.
732
733
734Parameter Helper Functions
735==========================
736
737A number of helper functions are provided to help a filesystem or an LSM
738process the parameters it is given.
739
740   * ::
741
742       int lookup_constant(const struct constant_table tbl[],
743			   const char *name, int not_found);
744
745     Look up a constant by name in a table of name -> integer mappings.  The
746     table is an array of elements of the following type::
747
748	struct constant_table {
749		const char	*name;
750		int		value;
751	};
752
753     If a match is found, the corresponding value is returned.  If a match
754     isn't found, the not_found value is returned instead.
755
756   * ::
757
758       bool validate_constant_table(const struct constant_table *tbl,
759				    size_t tbl_size,
760				    int low, int high, int special);
761
762     Validate a constant table.  Checks that all the elements are appropriately
763     ordered, that there are no duplicates and that the values are between low
764     and high inclusive, though provision is made for one allowable special
765     value outside of that range.  If no special value is required, special
766     should just be set to lie inside the low-to-high range.
767
768     If all is good, true is returned.  If the table is invalid, errors are
769     logged to the kernel log buffer and false is returned.
770
771   * ::
772
773       bool fs_validate_description(const struct fs_parameter_description *desc);
774
775     This performs some validation checks on a parameter description.  It
776     returns true if the description is good and false if it is not.  It will
777     log errors to the kernel log buffer if validation fails.
778
779   * ::
780
781        int fs_parse(struct fs_context *fc,
782		     const struct fs_parameter_description *desc,
783		     struct fs_parameter *param,
784		     struct fs_parse_result *result);
785
786     This is the main interpreter of parameters.  It uses the parameter
787     description to look up a parameter by key name and to convert that to an
788     option number (which it returns).
789
790     If successful, and if the parameter type indicates the result is a
791     boolean, integer, enum, uid, or gid type, the value is converted by this
792     function and the result stored in
793     result->{boolean,int_32,uint_32,uint_64,uid,gid}.
794
795     If a match isn't initially made, the key is prefixed with "no" and no
796     value is present then an attempt will be made to look up the key with the
797     prefix removed.  If this matches a parameter for which the type has flag
798     fs_param_neg_with_no set, then a match will be made and result->negated
799     will be set to true.
800
801     If the parameter isn't matched, -ENOPARAM will be returned; if the
802     parameter is matched, but the value is erroneous, -EINVAL will be
803     returned; otherwise the parameter's option number will be returned.
804
805   * ::
806
807       int fs_lookup_param(struct fs_context *fc,
808			   struct fs_parameter *value,
809			   bool want_bdev,
810			   unsigned int flags,
811			   struct path *_path);
812
813     This takes a parameter that carries a string or filename type and attempts
814     to do a path lookup on it.  If the parameter expects a blockdev, a check
815     is made that the inode actually represents one.
816
817     Returns 0 if successful and ``*_path`` will be set; returns a negative
818     error code if not.
819