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/linux/tools/memory-model/Documentation/
H A Dglossary.txt1 This document contains brief definitions of LKMM-related terms. Like most
10 Address dependencies are quite common in RCU read-side critical
15 3 do_something(p->a);
18 In this case, because the address of "p->a" on line 3 is computed
19 from the value returned by the rcu_dereference() on line 2, the
21 "p->a". In rare cases, optimizing compilers can destroy address
28 using spin_lock(). With respect to a non-lock shared variable,
29 a special operation that includes a load and which orders that
40 See also "Happens-Befor
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H A Dordering.txt1 This document gives an overview of the categories of memory-ordering
2 operations provided by the Linux-kernel memory model (LKMM).
8 This section lists LKMM's three top-level categories of memory-ordering
11 1. Barriers (also known as "fences"). A barrier orders some or
38 b. Read-modify-write (RMW) ordering augmentation barriers.
56 --------------------
58 The Linux-kernel primitives that provide full ordering include:
62 o Value-returning RMW atomic operations whose names do not end in
65 o RCU's grace-period primitives.
67 First, the smp_mb() full memory barrier orders all of the CPU's prior
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H A Dexplanation.txt1 Explanation of the Linux-Kernel Memory Consistency Model
15 7. THE PROGRAM ORDER RELATION: po AND po-loc
18 10. THE READS-FROM RELATION: rf, rfi, and rfe
20 12. THE FROM-READS RELATION: fr, fri, and fre
22 14. PROPAGATION ORDER RELATION: cumul-fence
28 20. THE HAPPENS-BEFORE RELATION: hb
29 21. THE PROPAGATES-BEFORE RELATION: pb
30 22. RCU RELATIONS: rcu-link, rcu-gp, rcu-rscsi, rcu-order, rcu-fence, and rb
31 23. SRCU READ-SIDE CRITICAL SECTIONS
39 ------------
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/linux/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/
H A Dfield-order.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
3 .. _field-order:
30 even) fields, the *spatial order*: The first line of the top field is
31 the first line of an interlaced frame, the first line of the bottom
32 field is the second line of that frame.
69 .. flat-table::
70 :header-rows: 0
71 :stub-columns: 0
74 * - ``V4L2_FIELD_ANY``
75 - 0
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H A Dhist-v4l2.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
4 .. _hist-v4l2:
21 1998-08-20: First version.
23 1998-08-27: The :c:func:`select()` function was introduced.
25 1998-09-10: New video standard interface.
27 1998-09-18: The ``VIDIOC_NONCAP`` ioctl was replaced by the otherwise
36 1998-09-28: Revamped video standard. Made video controls individually
39 1998-10-02: The ``id`` field was removed from
47 1998-11-08: Many minor changes. Most symbols have been renamed. Some
50 1998-11-12: The read/write direction of some ioctls was misdefined.
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/linux/arch/arm64/boot/dts/renesas/
H A Dwhite-hawk-csi-dsi.dtsi1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
3 * Device Tree Source for the White Hawk CSI/DSI sub-board
8 #include <dt-bindings/media/video-interfaces.h>
14 #address-cells = <1>;
15 #size-cells = <0>;
21 bus-type = <MEDIA_BUS_TYPE_CSI2_CPHY>;
22 clock-lanes = <0>;
23 data-lanes = <1 2 3>;
24 line-orders = <MEDIA_BUS_CSI2_CPHY_LINE_ORDER_ABC
27 remote-endpoint = <&max96712_out0>;
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/linux/arch/powerpc/mm/
H A Dmmu_context.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
19 /* 32-bit keeps track of the current PGDIR in the thread struct */ in switch_mm_pgdir()
20 tsk->thread.pgdir = mm->pgd; in switch_mm_pgdir()
22 tsk->thread.sr0 = mm->context.sr0; in switch_mm_pgdir()
25 tsk->thread.pid = mm->context.id; in switch_mm_pgdir()
32 /* 64-bit Book3E keeps track of current PGD in the PACA */ in switch_mm_pgdir()
33 get_paca()->pgd = mm->pgd; in switch_mm_pgdir()
35 tsk->thread.pid = mm->context.id; in switch_mm_pgdir()
56 * This full barrier orders the store to the cpumask above vs in switch_mm_irqs_off()
68 * On the other side, the barrier is in mm/tlb-radix.c for in switch_mm_irqs_off()
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/linux/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/
H A Dtranshuge.rst26 requiring larger clear-page copy-page in page faults which is a
48 Modern kernels support "multi-size THP" (mTHP), which introduces the
50 but smaller than traditional PMD-size (as described above), in
51 increments of a power-of-2 number of pages. mTHP can back anonymous
53 PTE-mapped, but in many cases can still provide similar benefits to
56 prominent because the size of each page isn't as huge as the PMD-sized
66 collapses sequences of basic pages into PMD-sized huge pages.
91 possible to disable hugepages system-wide and to only have them inside
108 -------------------
113 system wide. This can be achieved per-supported-THP-size with one of::
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H A Dslab.rst12 to the kernel command line. That will enable full debugging for
17 slabs that have data in them. See "slabinfo -h" for more options when
21 gcc -o slabinfo tools/mm/slabinfo.c
24 be enabled on the command line. F.e. no tracking information will be
29 -------------------------------------------
34 slab_debug=<Debug-Options>
37 slab_debug=<Debug-Options>,<slab name1>,<slab name2>,...
56 caused higher minimum slab orders
57 - Switch all debugging off (useful if the kernel is
73 slab_debug=P,kmalloc-*,dentry
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/linux/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/
H A Dkvm-check-branches.sh2 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
5 # unconditionally does three-minute runs on each scenario in CFLIST,
9 # might grow some command-line arguments.
11 # Usage: kvm-check-branches.sh commit1 commit2..commit3 commit4 ...
14 # specification of commits is needed, please use "git rev-list" to
19 # This script creates a yyyy.mm.dd-hh.mm.ss-group entry in the "res"
21 # moves them under the yyyy.mm.dd-hh.mm.ss-group entry, each in its own
24 # reduces the disk space required by about two orders of magnitude for
39 curcommit="`git status | head -1 | awk '{ print $NF }'`"
44 ds="`date +%Y.%m.%d-%H.%M.%S`-group"
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/linux/fs/netfs/
H A Drolling_buffer.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
17 * netfs_folioq_alloc - Allocate a folio_queue struct
22 * Allocate, initialise and account the folio_queue struct and log a trace line
34 fq->debug_id = atomic_inc_return(&debug_ids); in netfs_folioq_alloc()
42 * netfs_folioq_free - Free a folio_queue struct
69 return -ENOMEM; in rolling_buffer_init()
71 roll->head = fq; in rolling_buffer_init()
72 roll->tail = fq; in rolling_buffer_init()
73 iov_iter_folio_queue(&roll->iter, direction, fq, 0, 0, 0); in rolling_buffer_init()
82 struct folio_queue *fq, *head = roll->head; in rolling_buffer_make_space()
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/linux/kernel/
H A Dkexec_handover.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * kexec_handover.c - kexec handover metadata processing
20 #include <linux/page-isolation.h>
32 #define KHO_FDT_COMPATIBLE "kho-v1"
33 #define PROP_PRESERVED_MEMORY_MAP "preserved-memory-map"
39 * KHO uses page->private, which is an unsigned long, to store page metadata.
50 static_assert(sizeof(union kho_page_info) == sizeof(((struct page *)0)->private));
69 * The serializing side uses two levels of xarrays to manage chunks of per-order
97 struct xarray orders; member
128 .orders = XARRAY_INIT(kho_out.ser.track.orders, 0),
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/linux/mm/
H A Dmemory.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
9 * demand-loading started 01.12.91 - seems it is high on the list of
10 * things wanted, and it should be easy to implement. - Linus
14 * Ok, demand-loading was easy, shared pages a little bit tricker. Shared
15 * pages started 02.12.91, seems to work. - Linus.
21 * Also corrected some "invalidate()"s - I wasn't doing enough of them.
27 * 19.12.91 - works, somewhat. Sometimes I get faults, don't know why.
29 * 20.12.91 - Ok, making the swap-device changeable like the root.
33 * 05.04.94 - Multi-page memory management added for v1.1.
36 * 16.07.99 - Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG
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H A Dpage_alloc.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
39 #include <linux/fault-inject.h>
63 /* Free Page Internal flags: for internal, non-pcp variants of free_pages(). */
72 * reporting it and marking it "reported" - it only skips notifying
81 * page shuffling (relevant code - e.g., memory onlining - is expected to
84 * Note: No code should rely on this flag for correctness - it's purely
94 /* prevent >1 _updater_ of zone percpu pageset ->high and ->batch fields */
107 /* UP spin_trylock always succeeds so disable IRQs to prevent re-entrancy. */
129 * Generic helper to lookup and a per-cpu variable with an embedded spinlock.
137 spin_lock(&_ret->member); \
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H A Dvmstat.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
11 * Copyright (C) 2008-2014 Christoph Lameter
45 atomic_long_set(&zone->vm_numa_event[item], 0); in zero_zone_numa_counters()
47 per_cpu_ptr(zone->per_cpu_zonestats, cpu)->vm_numa_event[item] in zero_zone_numa_counters()
124 ret[i] += this->event[i]; in sum_vm_events()
130 * The result is unavoidably approximate - it can change
153 count_vm_events(i, fold_state->event[i]); in vm_events_fold_cpu()
154 fold_state->event[i] = 0; in vm_events_fold_cpu()
181 pzstats = per_cpu_ptr(zone->per_cpu_zonestats, cpu); in fold_vm_zone_numa_events()
183 zone_numa_events[item] += xchg(&pzstats->vm_numa_event[item], 0); in fold_vm_zone_numa_events()
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/linux/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/i40e/
H A Di40e_txrx.h1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2 /* Copyright(c) 2013 - 2018 Intel Corporation. */
34 * the value of the rate limit is non-zero
41 * i40e_intrl_usec_to_reg - convert interrupt rate limit to register
97 (test_bit(I40E_HW_CAP_MULTI_TCP_UDP_RSS_PCTYPE, (pf)->hw.caps) ? \
111 * i.e. RXBUFFER_256 --> 960 byte skb (size-1024 slab)
112 * i.e. RXBUFFER_512 --> 1216 byte skb (size-2048 slab)
127 * Note: For cache line sizes 256 or larger this value is going to end
140 pad_size = SKB_WITH_OVERHEAD(page_size) - rx_buf_len; in i40e_compute_pad()
154 * cache-line alignment. in i40e_skb_pad()
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/linux/arch/powerpc/lib/
H A Dqspinlock.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
67 u64 delta = sched_clock() - seen; in recently_sleepy()
108 return (val >> _Q_TAIL_CPU_OFFSET) - 1; in decode_tail_cpu()
142 " bne- 1b \n" in trylock_clean_tail()
146 : "r" (&lock->val), "r"(tail), "r" (newval), in trylock_clean_tail()
174 " bne- 1b \n" in publish_tail_cpu()
176 : "r" (&lock->val), "r" (tail), "r"(_Q_TAIL_CPU_MASK) in publish_tail_cpu()
190 " bne- 1b \n" in set_mustq()
192 : "r" (&lock->val), "r" (_Q_MUST_Q_VAL) in set_mustq()
206 " bne- 1b \n" in clear_mustq()
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/linux/Documentation/arch/m68k/
H A Dkernel-options.rst2 Command Line Options for Linux/m68k
9 Author: Roman.Hodek@informatik.uni-erlangen.de (Roman Hodek)
11 Update: jds@kom.auc.dk (Jes Sorensen) and faq@linux-m68k.org (Chris Lawrence)
16 Often I've been asked which command line options the Linux/m68k
29 The kernel knows three kinds of options on its command line:
41 command line options.
58 ----------
76 /dev/ram: -> 0x0100 (initial ramdisk)
77 /dev/hda: -> 0x0300 (first IDE disk)
78 /dev/hdb: -> 0x0340 (second IDE disk)
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/linux/drivers/media/i2c/
H A Dmax9286.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
5 * Copyright (C) 2017-2019 Jacopo Mondi
6 * Copyright (C) 2017-2019 Kieran Bingham
7 * Copyright (C) 2017-2019 Laurent Pinchart
8 * Copyright (C) 2017-2019 Niklas Söderlund
20 #include <linux/i2c-mux.h>
26 #include <media/v4l2-async.h>
27 #include <media/v4l2-ctrls.h>
28 #include <media/v4l2-device.h>
29 #include <media/v4l2-fwnode.h>
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/linux/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/ice/
H A Dice_txrx.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
26 * ice_prgm_fdir_fltr - Program a Flow Director filter
46 return -ENOENT; in ice_prgm_fdir_fltr()
47 tx_ring = vsi->tx_rings[0]; in ice_prgm_fdir_fltr()
48 if (!tx_ring || !tx_ring->desc) in ice_prgm_fdir_fltr()
49 return -ENOENT; in ice_prgm_fdir_fltr()
50 dev = tx_ring->dev; in ice_prgm_fdir_fltr()
53 for (i = ICE_FDIR_CLEAN_DELAY; ICE_DESC_UNUSED(tx_ring) < 2; i--) { in ice_prgm_fdir_fltr()
55 return -EAGAIN; in ice_prgm_fdir_fltr()
63 return -EINVAL; in ice_prgm_fdir_fltr()
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/linux/tools/perf/util/
H A Dsort.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
25 #include "mem-events.h"
26 #include "mem-info.h"
28 #include "annotate-data.h"
30 #include "time-utils.h"
33 #include "trace-event.h"
38 #include <event-parse.h>
68 * -t, --field-separator
94 return size - 1; in repsep_snprintf()
103 return -1; in cmp_null()
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/linux/lib/
H A Diov_iter.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
4 #include <linux/fault-inject-usercopy.h>
78 * fault_in_iov_iter_readable - fault in iov iterator for reading
88 * Always returns 0 for non-userspace iterators.
94 n -= fault_in_readable(i->ubu in fault_in_iov_iter_readable()
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/linux/Documentation/
H A Dmemory-barriers.txt19 documentation at tools/memory-model/. Nevertheless, even this memory
37 Note also that it is possible that a barrier may be a no-op for an
48 - Device operations.
49 - Guarantees.
53 - Varieties of memory barrier.
54 - What may not be assumed about memory barriers?
55 - Address-dependency barriers (historical).
56 - Control dependencies.
57 - SMP barrier pairing.
58 - Examples of memory barrier sequences.
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/linux/drivers/tty/serial/8250/
H A D8250_pci.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 * Probe module for 8250/16550-type PCI serial ports.
98 /* Unknown vendors/cards - this should not be in linux/pci_ids.h */
104 * > 0 - number of ports
105 * = 0 - use board->num_ports
106 * < 0 - error
131 int line[]; member
156 "Please send the output of lspci -vv, this\n" in moan_device()
159 "modem board to <linux-serial@vger.kernel.org>.\n", in moan_device()
160 str, dev->vendor, dev->device, in moan_device()
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/linux/kernel/sched/
H A Dcore.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
7 * Copyright (C) 1991-2002 Linus Torvalds
8 * Copyright (C) 1998-2024 Ingo Molnar, Red Hat
75 # include <linux/irq-entry-common.h>
99 #include "../../io_uring/io-wq.h"
193 if (p->sched_class == &stop_sched_class) /* trumps deadline */ in __task_prio()
194 return -2; in __task_prio()
196 if (p->dl_server) in __task_prio()
197 return -1; /* deadline */ in __task_prio()
199 if (rt_or_dl_prio(p->prio)) in __task_prio()
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