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/linux/drivers/char/hw_random/
H A DKconfig1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
12 To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
13 module will be called rng-core. This provides a device
28 This driver provides kernel-side support for a generic Random
29 Number Generator used by reading a 'dumb' iomem address that
30 is to be read no faster than, for example, once a second;
31 the default FPGA bitstream on the TS-7800 has such functionality.
33 To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
34 module will be called timeriomem-rng.
43 This driver provides kernel-side support for the Random Number
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/linux/Documentation/usb/
H A Dgadget_serial.rst7 (updated 8-May-2008 for v2.3)
11 ----------------------
19 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
22 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
25 MA 02111-1307 USA.
35 -------------
38 version 2.3 or later of the gadget serial driver in a 2.6
55 --------
56 The gadget serial driver is a Linux USB gadget driver, a USB device
57 side driver. It runs on a Linux system that has USB device side
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/linux/tools/perf/pmu-events/arch/x86/silvermont/
H A Dvirtual-memory.json13 "BriefDescription": "Total cycles for all the page walks. (I-side and D-side)",
17 … cycle when a data (D) page walk or instruction (I) page walk is in progress. Since a pagewalk im…
22 "BriefDescription": "Duration of D-side page-walks in core cycles",
26 … when a D-side (walks due to a load) page walk is in progress. Page walk duration divided by numbe…
31 "BriefDescription": "D-side page-walks",
36 …cDescription": "This event counts when a data (D) page walk is completed or started. Since a page…
41 "BriefDescription": "Duration of I-side page-walks in core cycles",
45a I-side (walks due to an instruction fetch) page walk is in progress. Page walk duration divided …
50 "BriefDescription": "I-side page-walks",
55 …when an instruction (I) page walk is completed or started. Since a page walk implies a TLB miss, …
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/linux/Documentation/RCU/
H A Dchecklist.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
8 This document contains a checklist for producing and reviewing patches
10 result in the same sorts of problems that leaving out a locking primitive
12 over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome!
14 0. Is RCU being applied to a read-mostly situation? If the data
18 tool for the job. Yes, RCU does reduce read-side overhead by
19 increasing write-side overhead, which is exactly why normal uses
23 provides a simpler implementation. An example of this situation
27 Yet another exception is where the low real-time latency of RCU's
28 read-side primitives is critically important.
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H A DwhatisRCU.rst3 What is RCU? -- "Read, Copy, Update"
21 …ries: Fundamentals https://www.linuxfoundation.org/webinars/unraveling-rcu-usage-mysteries
22 …Cases https://www.linuxfoundation.org/webinars/unraveling-rcu-usage-mysteries-additional-use-cases
27 RCU is a synchronization mechanism that was added to the Linux kernel
28 during the 2.5 development effort that is optimized for read-mostly
47 :ref:`6. ANALOGY WITH READER-WRITER LOCKING <6_whatisRCU>`
55 People who prefer starting with a conceptual overview should focus on
67 everything, feel free to read the whole thing -- but if you are really
69 never need this document anyway. ;-)
74 ----------------
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H A Dlockdep.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
8 aware of when each task enters and leaves any flavor of RCU read-side
18 rcu_read_lock_bh_held() for RCU-bh.
19 rcu_read_lock_sched_held() for RCU-sched.
20 rcu_read_lock_any_held() for any of normal RCU, RCU-bh, and RCU-sched.
29 In addition, a separate kernel config parameter CONFIG_PROVE_RCU enables
33 Check for RCU read-side critical section.
35 Check for RCU-bh read-side critical section.
37 Check for RCU-sched read-side critical section.
39 Check for SRCU read-side critical section.
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/linux/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/
H A DRequirements.rst2 A Tour Through RCU's Requirements
16 ------------
18 Read-copy update (RCU) is a synchronization mechanism that is often used
19 as a replacement for reader-writer locking. RCU is unusual in that
20 updaters do not block readers, which means that RCU's read-side
28 thought of as an informal, high-level specification for RCU. It is
32 has this learning process been a lot of fun, but it has also been a
40 #. `Fundamental Non-Requirements`_
42 #. `Quality-of-Implementation Requirements`_
44 #. `Software-Engineering Requirements`_
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/linux/tools/perf/pmu-events/arch/powerpc/power9/
H A Dtranslation.json15 …che was reloaded with Shared (S) data from another core's L2 on the same chip due to a demand load"
20 "BriefDescription": "Double-Precion or Quad-Precision instruction completed"
25 …escription": "A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB from another chip's memory on the same No…
35A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB with Shared (S) data from another chip's L2 or L3 on th…
45 …"BriefDescription": "Finish stall due to a vector fixed point instruction in the execution pipelin…
50 "BriefDescription": "LSU Finished a PPC instruction (up to 4 per cycle)"
60A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB with Shared (S) data from another chip's L2 or L3 on a
65 …"BriefDescription": "Completion stall due to a long latency vector fixed point instruction (divisi…
70 …on": "The processor's data cache was reloaded from a location other than the local core's L2 due t…
75 …n": "A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB either shared or modified data from another core's…
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H A Dpipeline.json10 "BriefDescription": "Number of I-ERAT reloads"
15 …te that this count is per slice, so if a load spans multiple slices this event will increment mult…
25 …"BriefDescription": "Finish stall because the NTF instruction was a multi-cycle instruction issued…
30 …ded either shared or modified data from another core's L2/L3 on the same chip due to a marked load"
35 …ription": "A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB from another chip's L4 on a different Node o…
40 …"BriefDescription": "A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB from local core's L2 without confl…
80 …ription": "A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB with Modified (M) data from another core's L…
90 …r's data cache was reloaded from another chip's L4 on a different Node or Group (Distant) due to a
95 …escription": "A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB with Modified (M) data from another core'…
100 …rbitration onto the issue pipe to another instruction (from the same thread or a different thread)"
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H A Dmarked.json5 …"BriefDescription": "Number of cycles the marked instruction is experiencing a stall while it is n…
10 …"BriefDescription": "A Page Directory Entry was reloaded to a level 1 page walk cache from beyond …
20 …Description": "A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB with Shared (S) data from another core's…
25 …e was reloaded from another chip's memory on the same Node or Group ( Remote) due to a demand load"
45 …"BriefDescription": "A Page Table Entry was reloaded to a level 3 page walk cache from the core's …
50 …"BriefDescription": "A Page Table Entry was reloaded to a level 3 page walk cache from the core's …
60 …"BriefDescription": "A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB from the local chip's L4 cache due…
70 …iption": "A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB with Shared (S) data from another core's ECO …
85 …he processor's Instruction cache was reloaded from a location other than the local core's L3 due t…
95 …ption": "A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB with Modified (M) data from another core's ECO…
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H A Dother.json30 "BriefDescription": "IERAT reloaded (after a miss) for 4K pages"
45 …on": "The processor's data cache was reloaded from a location other than the local core's L3 due t…
50 …cription": "A Page Table Entry was loaded into the TLB with Modified (M) data from another core's …
55 …"BriefDescription": "A Conditional Branch that resolved to taken was mispredicted as not taken (du…
60 …"BriefDescription": "A demand load referenced a line in an active fuzzy prefetch stream. The strea…
65 "BriefDescription": "Read-write data cache collisions"
80 …"BriefDescription": "Cycles in which no new instructions can be dispatched to the ICT after a flus…
85 …"BriefDescription": "A radix translation attempt missed in the TLB and all levels of page walk cac…
90 "BriefDescription": "D-cache invalidates sent over the reload bus to the core"
120 …"BriefDescription": "L3 TM CAM is full when a L2 castout of TM_SC line occurs. Line is pushed to …
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/linux/drivers/char/ipmi/
H A DKconfig1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
7 tristate 'IPMI top-level message handler'
14 IPMI is a standard for managing sensors (temperature,
15 voltage, etc.) in a system.
17 See <file:Documentation/driver-api/ipmi.rst> for more details on the driver.
31 bool 'Generate a panic event to all BMCs on a panic'
33 When a panic occurs, this will cause the IPMI message handler to,
44 When a panic occurs, this will cause the IPMI message handler to,
46 address of the panic generator (byte 4 of the event), a sequence
66 Provides a driver for System Interfaces (KCS, SMIC, BT).
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/linux/tools/perf/pmu-events/arch/powerpc/power8/
H A Dfrontend.json5 …"BriefDescription": "Branch instruction completed with a target address less than current instruct…
41 "BriefDescription": "Cycles when a demand ifetch was pending",
47 "BriefDescription": "Number of I-ERAT reloads",
53 "BriefDescription": "IERAT Reloaded (Miss) for a 16M page",
60 "PublicDescription": "IERAT Reloaded (Miss) for a 4k page"
65 "BriefDescription": "IERAT Reloaded (Miss) for a 64k page",
89 …n cache was reloaded with Modified (M) data from another chip's L2 or L3 on a different Node or Gr…
90 …n cache was reloaded with Modified (M) data from another chip's L2 or L3 on a different Node or Gr…
95 …ion cache was reloaded with Shared (S) data from another chip's L2 or L3 on a different Node or Gr…
96 …ion cache was reloaded with Shared (S) data from another chip's L2 or L3 on a different Node or Gr…
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/linux/tools/perf/pmu-events/arch/x86/ivytown/
H A Duncore-cache.json15a user to capture occupancy related information by filtering the Cb0 occupancy count captured in C…
24- this includes code, data, prefetches and hints coming from L2. This has numerous filters availa…
34- this includes code, data, prefetches and hints coming from L2. This has numerous filters availa…
44- this includes code, data, prefetches and hints coming from L2. This has numerous filters availa…
54- this includes code, data, prefetches and hints coming from L2. This has numerous filters availa…
64- this includes code, data, prefetches and hints coming from L2. This has numerous filters availa…
74 …"PublicDescription": "Counts the number of lines that were victimized on a fill. This can be filt…
84 …"PublicDescription": "Counts the number of lines that were victimized on a fill. This can be filt…
94 …"PublicDescription": "Counts the number of lines that were victimized on a fill. This can be filt…
104 …"PublicDescription": "Counts the number of lines that were victimized on a fill. This can be filt…
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/linux/include/linux/
H A Dseqlock.h1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
6 * seqcount_t / seqlock_t - a reader-writer consistency mechanism with
7 * lockless readers (read-only retry loops), and no writer starvation.
12 * - Based on x86_64 vsyscall gettimeofday: Keith Owens, Andrea Arcangeli
13 * - Sequence counters with associated locks, (C) 2020 Linutronix GmbH
17 #include <linux/kcsan-checks.h>
27 * The seqlock seqcount_t interface does not prescribe a precise sequence of
28 * read begin/retry/end. For readers, typically there is a call to
32 * As a consequence, we take the following best-effort approach for raw usage
33 * via seqcount_t under KCSAN: upon beginning a seq-reader critical section,
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H A Drcupdate.h1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ */
3 * Read-Copy Update mechanism for mutual exclusion
15 * For detailed explanation of Read-Copy Update mechanism see -
34 #define ULONG_CMP_GE(a, b) (ULONG_MAX / 2 >= (a) - (b)) argument
35 #define ULONG_CMP_LT(a, b) (ULONG_MAX / 2 < (a) - (b)) argument
38 #define RCU_SEQ_STATE_MASK ((1 << RCU_SEQ_CTR_SHIFT) - 1)
50 // not-yet-completed RCU grace periods.
54 * same_state_synchronize_rcu - Are two old-state values identical?
55 * @oldstate1: First old-state value.
56 * @oldstate2: Second old-state value.
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/linux/drivers/block/rnbd/
H A DREADME6 ------------
8 RNBD (RDMA Network Block Device) is a pair of kernel modules
9 (client and server) that allow for remote access of a block device on
12 on the client side as local block devices.
19 ------------
24 -----------
26 Server side:
29 Client side:
32 /sys/devices/virtual/rnbd-client/ctl/map_device
34 Where "sessname=" is a session name, a string to identify the session
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/linux/sound/pci/hda/
H A DKconfig1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 menu "HD-Audio"
23 This option enables the HD-audio controller. Don't forget
26 To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module
27 will be called snd-hda-intel.
42 To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module
43 will be called snd-hda-tegra.
48 bool "Build hwdep interface for HD-audio driver"
51 Say Y here to build a hwdep interface for HD-audio driver.
52 This interface can be used for out-of-band communication
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/linux/tools/perf/pmu-events/arch/x86/knightslanding/
H A Dvirtual-memory.json3 …"BriefDescription": "Counts the number of load micro-ops retired that cause a DTLB miss (Precise E…
17 …"PublicDescription": "This event counts every cycle when a data (D) page walk or instruction (I) p…
22 …"BriefDescription": "Counts the total number of core cycles for all the D-side page walks. The cyc…
30 …"BriefDescription": "Counts the total D-side page walks that are completed or started. The page wa…
39 …"BriefDescription": "Counts the total number of core cycles for all the I-side page walks. The cyc…
43 …"PublicDescription": "This event counts every cycle when an I-side (walks due to an instruction fe…
48 "BriefDescription": "Counts the total I-side page walks that are completed.",
57 "BriefDescription": "Counts the total page walks that are completed (I-side and D-side)",
/linux/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/memory-controllers/
H A Drockchip,rk3399-dmc.yaml1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
3 ---
4 $id: http://devicetree.org/schemas/memory-controllers/rockchip,rk3399-dmc.yaml#
5 $schema: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/core.yaml#
10 - Brian Norris <briannorris@chromium.org>
15 - rockchip,rk3399-dmc
17 devfreq-events:
26 clock-names:
28 - const: dmc_clk
30 operating-points-v2: true
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/linux/Documentation/driver-api/usb/
H A Dgadget.rst11 This document presents a Linux-USB "Gadget" kernel mode API, for use
13 an overview of the API structure, and shows how that fits into a system
15 address a number of important problems, including:
17 - Supports USB 2.0, for high speed devices which can stream data at
20 - Handles devices with dozens of endpoints just as well as ones with
21 just two fixed-function ones. Gadget drivers can be written so
24 - Flexible enough to expose more complex USB device capabilities such
28 - USB "On-The-Go" (OTG) support, in conjunction with updates to the
29 Linux-USB host side.
31 - Sharing data structures and API models with the Linux-USB host side
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/linux/tools/perf/pmu-events/arch/x86/snowridgex/
H A Duncore-interconnect.json54 …CIITOM request issued by the IRP unit to the mesh with the intention of writing a full cacheline.",
59 …t to the mesh with the intention of writing a full cacheline to coherent memory, without a RFO. P…
64 …RFO request issued by the IRP unit to the mesh with the intention of writing a partial cacheline.",
70 … IRP unit to the mesh with the intention of writing a partial cacheline to coherent memory. RFO i…
98 …ory, received by the IRP and inserted into the Fire and Forget queue (FAF), a queue used for proce…
107 …"PublicDescription": "Occupancy of the IRP Fire and Forget (FAF) queue, a queue used for processin…
111 "BriefDescription": "FAF allocation -- sent to ADQ",
148 … "BriefDescription": "Counts Timeouts - Set 0 : Cache Inserts of Atomic Transactions as Secondary",
158 … "BriefDescription": "Counts Timeouts - Set 0 : Cache Inserts of Read Transactions as Secondary",
168 … "BriefDescription": "Counts Timeouts - Set 0 : Cache Inserts of Write Transactions as Secondary",
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/linux/drivers/infiniband/ulp/rtrs/
H A DREADME5 RTRS (RDMA Transport) is a reliable high speed transport library
11 possibility to either write data from an sg list to the remote side
12 or to request ("read") data transfer from the remote side into a given
15 RTRS provides I/O fail-over and load-balancing capabilities by using
17 Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-rtrs-client).
26 --------
27 An established connection between a client and a server is called rtrs
28 session. A session is associated with a set of memory chunks reserved on the
29 server side for a given client for rdma transfer. A session
30 consists of multiple paths, each representing a separate physical link
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/linux/tools/perf/pmu-events/arch/arm64/ampere/ampereone/
H A Dcore-imp-def.json99 "PublicDescription": "Macro-ops speculatively decoded",
102 "BriefDescription": "Macro-ops speculatively decoded"
255 …OB drains triggered by system register or special-purpose register read-after-write or specific sp…
258 …OB drains triggered by system register or special-purpose register read-after-write or specific sp…
309 "PublicDescription": "A load wakeup to the scheduler has been cancelled",
312 "BriefDescription": "A load wakeup to the scheduler has been cancelled"
435 "PublicDescription": "GPC detected a Breakpoint instruction match",
438 "BriefDescription": "GPC detected a Breakpoint instruction match"
501 "PublicDescription": "LSU detected a Watchpoint data match",
504 "BriefDescription": "LSU detected a Watchpoint data match"
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/linux/Documentation/driver-api/
H A Dio-mapping.rst8 The io_mapping functions in linux/io-mapping.h provide an abstraction for
10 usage is to support the large graphics aperture on 32-bit processors where
14 A mapping object is created during driver initialization using::
20 mappable, while 'size' indicates how large a mapping region to
23 This _wc variant provides a mapping which may only be used with
40 undefined result. The return value points to a single page in CPU address
43 This _wc variant returns a write-combining map to the page and may only be
49 io_mapping_map_local_wc() has a side effect on X86 32bit as it disables
50 migration to make the mapping code work. No caller can rely on this side
53 io_mapping_map_atomic_wc() has the side effect of disabling preemption and
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