selftests/filesystems: check that an unmounted mount tree isn't walked

Add unmounted_tree_test:

- a detached nsfs or pidfs bind mount that a file descriptor keeps
alive can't be copied recursivel

selftests/filesystems: check that an unmounted mount tree isn't walked

Add unmounted_tree_test:

- a detached nsfs or pidfs bind mount that a file descriptor keeps
alive can't be copied recursively, a copy of the mount itself and
a copy of a mounted one still work
- a detached tree with a child that was vacated behind it can't be
copied recursively either
- a copy of a detached bind mount is an ordinary mount: unlinking its
mountpoint from another mount namespace unmounts it
- mount_setattr() refuses to change the propagation of a detached
tree and still allows it for the root of an anonymous mount
namespace

Every case runs in a user and mount namespace of its own.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260926-work-mount-fixes-2-v1-9-f357abf3d17b@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>

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selftests/filesystems: check that a busy propagated copy blocks a synchronous umount

A slave namespace moves an open_tree() copy of the shared tree beneath
the propagated copy of the victim and keep

selftests/filesystems: check that a busy propagated copy blocks a synchronous umount

A slave namespace moves an open_tree() copy of the shared tree beneath
the propagated copy of the victim and keeps the descriptor. Check that:

- umount(2) of the victim fails with EBUSY while the descriptor is open

- the moved tree is still attached in the slave namespace afterwards

- the umount succeeds once the descriptor is closed

The test needs CAP_SYS_ADMIN and skips otherwise.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260923-work-mount-fixes-v1-6-f424cf8d3242@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>

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selftests/filesystems: check that a copied mount namespace keeps unbindable

Make a tmpfs unbindable, copy the mount namespace and check from the
copy that:

- a bind of the mount fails with EINVAL

selftests/filesystems: check that a copied mount namespace keeps unbindable

Make a tmpfs unbindable, copy the mount namespace and check from the
copy that:

- a bind of the mount fails with EINVAL

- a recursive bind fails as well

- open_tree(OPEN_TREE_CLONE) of it fails

- mountinfo still shows it as unbindable

- a copy of the copy refuses the bind too

The first case runs in the original namespace so the fixture stays
honest about what it set up.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260923-work-mount-fixes-v1-2-f424cf8d3242@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>

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Revert "selftests/filesystems: add mntns cleanup test"

This reverts commit 3452eecbcc954ef859b7d19309c121a78d6d0e31.

The test checks that the mounts of a destroyed mount namespace stay
connected. T

Revert "selftests/filesystems: add mntns cleanup test"

This reverts commit 3452eecbcc954ef859b7d19309c121a78d6d0e31.

The test checks that the mounts of a destroyed mount namespace stay
connected. The commit that made them stay connected is reverted next
because it leaks superblocks and loop devices, so drop the test with it.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260917-work-put_mnt_ns-revert-v1-1-34d9b8679e68@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>

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selftests/filesystems: fix missing and stale TARGETS entries

filesystems/eventfd, filesystems/open_tree_ns and filesystems/xattr were
never added to TARGETS when introduced. filesystems/openat2 was

selftests/filesystems: fix missing and stale TARGETS entries

filesystems/eventfd, filesystems/open_tree_ns and filesystems/xattr were
never added to TARGETS when introduced. filesystems/openat2 was moved
from selftests/openat2/ but the TARGETS entry was never updated, leaving a
stale entry pointing at a directory that no longer exists.

Fix this by adding the four missing subdirectories to TARGETS and
removing the stale openat2 entry.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260703150742.58991-1-disgoel@linux.ibm.com
Fixes: 7c37857fc23a ("selftests: add eventfd selftests")
Fixes: b8f7622aa6e3 ("selftests/open_tree: add OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE tests")
Fixes: 7e28fef5d4db ("selftests/xattr: path-based AF_UNIX socket xattr tests")
Fixes: fe087927046c ("selftests: move openat2 tests to selftests/filesystems/")
Signed-off-by: Disha Goel <disgoel@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
Cc: "Darrick J. Wong" <djwong@kernel.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Wen Yang <wenyang.linux@foxmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260904183659.B81CD1F00A3D@smtp.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>

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Merge tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-26-15-22' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

Pull more MM updates from Andrew Morton:

- "mm/rmap: index MAP_PRIVATE file-backed folios by anonymo

Merge tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-26-15-22' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

Pull more MM updates from Andrew Morton:

- "mm/rmap: index MAP_PRIVATE file-backed folios by anonymous pgoff"
(Lorenzo Stoakes)

Index MAP_PRIVATE file-backed folios by their anonymous page offset
to resolve confusion around reverse mapping for zeroed and CoW'd
file-backed memory.

Use this new VMA anonymous page offset tracking to eliminate index
conflicts and lay the foundation for scalable CoW performance
improvements.

- "promote mapped executable folios after first usage for MGLRU"
(Baolin Wang)

Make MGLRU's protection of mapped executable file folios more
reliable. Follow the classical LRU's logic, promoting mapped
executable file folios after their first usage to give executable
code a better chance to stay in memory and improve workload
performance.

- "mm: vmscan: fix node reclaim ignoring swappiness parameter" (Ridong
Chen)

Fix per-node proactive reclaim interface's ignoring the swappiness
parameter when CONFIG_MEMCG is disabled by consolidating
sc_swappiness() into a single function that checks
proactive_swappiness regardless of kernel configuration.

- "mm/vmscan: reduce lru_lock contention via vmstat-derived
scan-balance cost" (Usama Arif)

Reduce lru_lock contention in the reclaim path by deriving
scan-balance costs from vmstat counters rather than lock-acquired
producer updates.

Read and decay these cost signals on the reclaim side under a
dedicated per-lruvec lock, reducing total LRU lock wait time by over
60% without impacting scan throughput.

- "zram: fix zram issues reported by sashiko" (Sergey Senozhatsky)

Fix two low-risk zram bugs which Sashiko spotted in drive-by review.

- "Honor XA_FLAGS_ACCOUNT in xas_split_alloc() and charge to folio's
memcg" (Zi Yan)

Fix xas_split_alloc() by enabling target folio memcg charging during
splits and adding the missing __GFP_ACCOUNT flag for proper XArray
node memory accounting.

- "selftests/mm: use pattern matching in .gitignore" (Pratyush Mallick)

Replace hardcoded binary names in selftests/mm/.gitignore with a
generic pattern-matching rule to automatically ignore generated test
files and avoid manual updates when adding new tests.

- "mm/page_ext: remove pgdat_page_ext_init()" (Sang-Heon Jeon)

Make the incompatibility between FLATMEM and NUMA explicit in
mm/Kconfig and remove the unused pgdat_page_ext_init() function.

- "zram: fix zstd error paths and add parameter validation" (Haoqin
Huang)

Clean up zram compression backends by removing redundant error
cleanup, adding parameter and dictionary validation, auto-prefixing
algorithm error logs, and resetting parameters prior to
reinitialization.

- "zram: fix stale scan bounds after reinitialization" (Longlong Xia)

Prevent out-of-bounds slot accesses during concurrent zram resets by
moving table scan bound calculations under dev_lock in
writeback_store() and read_block_state().

- "add anon mTHP collapse test cases" (Baolin Wang)

Extend selftests helper functions to support arbitrary page orders
and add new test cases and options for mTHP collapse in khugepaged.

- "selftests/mm: Handle unsupported and transient test conditions"
(Muhammad Usama Anjum)

Update MM selftests to report a SKIP status instead of a failure when
required kernel or filesystem features are unsupported, while adding
retry logic for transient page migration errors.

- "mm/zswap: Fixes and improves the zswap shrink" (Hao Jia)

Fix the missing zswap global shrinker when CONFIG_MEMCG is disabled
and extend shrink_memcg() to support batch writeback for improved
writeback efficiency.

- "alloc_tag: introduce IOCTL-based filtering for MAP" (Suren
Baghdasaryan)

Introduce an IOCTL-based binary interface for memory allocation
profiling that enables kernel-side filtering before per-CPU counter
aggregation.

This eliminates the text-parsing overhead of /proc/allocinfo and
provides up to a 20x speedup by transferring only filtered allocation
data to userspace.

- "better block swap batching and a different take on swap_ops v5"
(Christoph Hellwig)

Refactor block swap I/O to use swap_iocb for batching instead of
single-bio requests and rebase the swap_ops interface, achieving
faster swap throughput during kernel builds.

- "mm: kmemleak: reduce transient false positives by confirming leaks"
(Catalin Marinas)

Reduce false-positive kmemleak reports by combining two kmemleak
enhancements that add a second confirmation scan and a configurable
minimum unreferenced scan count module parameter.

- "mm: kmemleak: default min_unref_scans to 2 for verbose kernels"
(Breno Leitao)

Auto-scanning kernels can generate false-positive memory leak reports
on single scans, so this patch defaults min_unref_scans to 2 when
CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_VERBOSE is enabled to require a second
confirming scan.

- "swap_ops updates" (Christoph Hellwig)

Batching I/O for synchronous swap devices causes performance
regressions and filesystem-based swap suffers from double-indirection
overhead. This series resolves both issues by reintroducing per-folio
writes for synchronous swap and allowing filesystems to directly
export their own swap_ops.

- "mm/khugepaged: several cleanups" (Nico Pache)

khugepaged accumulated redundant state-checking patterns and outdated
comments following mTHP integration. Introduce dedicated helpers for
PTE validation and event counting while refreshing the internal
documentation.

- "maple_tree: lock checking and clean ups" (Liam Howlett)

Syzbot reports incorrectly blame memory management exit paths for
locking bugs, maple tree erase operations risk allocation failures
without gfp flags and internal documentation lacks clarity.

Improve lock error detection, update docs, fix race and allocation
edge cases and optimize erase allocations using a fallback to
GFP_KERNEL | GFP_NOFAIL.

* tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-26-15-22' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (172 commits)
selftests/proc: make proc-maps-race work with READ_IMPLIES_EXEC
memcg: move LRU size accounting on reparenting instead of copying it
mm/vmscan: fix comment logic in balance_pgdat
maple_tree: add helper mas_make_walkable()
maple_tree: avoid extra gap calculation
maple_tree: fix argument name in header
maple_tree: change two GFP flags in tests
maple_tree: document erase and allocations better
maple_tree: avoid mas_erase() and mtree_erase() failures
maple_tree: document that erase may use GFP_KERNEL for allocations
maple_tree: catch race in mas_alloc_cyclic()
maple_tree: add bulk parent set helper
maple_tree: micro optimisation of mas_wr_store_type()
maple_tree: optimise mas_wr_node_store() when not in rcu mode
maple_tree: use prefetched value in mas_wr_store_type()
maple_tree: clarify comments on mas_nomem()
maple_tree: drop MAPLE_ALLOC_SLOTS
maple_tree: drop dead code from mas_extend_spanning_null()
maple_tree: documentation fix
maple_tree: add write lock checking with lockdep sequence numbers
...

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kselftest: alloc_tag: add kselftest for ioctl interface

Introduce a kselftest to verify the new IOCTL-based interface for
/proc/allocinfo. The test covers:

1. Validation of the filename filter.
2.

kselftest: alloc_tag: add kselftest for ioctl interface

Introduce a kselftest to verify the new IOCTL-based interface for
/proc/allocinfo. The test covers:

1. Validation of the filename filter.
2. Validation of the function filter.

The first test validates the functionality of the filename filter. Using
"mm/memory.c" as the candidate filename filter, it retrieves filtered
entries from both procfs and ioctl and matches the first VEC_MAX_ENTRIES
entries.

The second test validates the functionality of the function filter. It
uses "dup_mm" as the candidate function as we do not expect this function
name to change frequently and hence won't be needing to modify this test
often.

Note that both the tests match line no, function name and file name
fields. Bytes allocated and calls are not matched as those values may
change in the time when the data is being read from procfs and ioctl and
hence can lead to false negatives.

[abhishekbapat@google.com: fix a typo in the selftest]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/e4e49ec4a5960292aeeb9e196526c18dc95228a2.1785867739.git.abhishekbapat@google.com
Closes: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/cover.1783532853.git.abhishekbapat@google.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/e2a3795677a14aeab249758ba570cd5e98402032.1783532853.git.abhishekbapat@google.com
Signed-off-by: Abhishek Bapat <abhishekbapat@google.com>
Tested-by: Hao Ge <hao.ge@linux.dev>
Acked-by: Hao Ge <hao.ge@linux.dev>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>
Cc: Sourav Panda <souravpanda@google.com>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

show more ...

Merge tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-18-18-39' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:

- "mm: drop "sub" prefix from various places" (Dev Jain)

pag

Merge tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-18-18-39' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm

Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:

- "mm: drop "sub" prefix from various places" (Dev Jain)

page->folio conversion and a naming cleanup

- "mm/kasan: remove redundant initialization for kasan_flag_write_only"
(Igor Putko)

KASAN cleanup work

- "mm/filemap: reduce unnecessary xarray lookups" (Chi Zhiling)

Small speedup in the pagecaache read code

- "mm/percpu: Fix possible NOFS/NOIO reclaim recursion" (Kaitao Cheng)

Improve the vmalloc code - mainly the avoidance of GFP_KERNEL
allocations when the caller asked for GFP_NOFS or GFP_NOIO

- "mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task stacks" (Breno
Leitao)

Avoid a soft lockup watchdog trigger from the kmemleak scanning code
in extreme situations

- "mm/page_owner: misc cleanups" (Ye Liu)

Cleanups to the page_owner code. For some reason lots of people have
been working on the page_owner code this cycle.

- "mm: convert to walk_page_range_vma() to eliminate find_vma()"
(Kefeng Wang)

Simplify and accelerate the page walking library function

- "mm/migrate: preparatory cleanups for batch copy and offload"
(Shivank Garg)

Cleanups in the migration code

- "mm/page_owner: add per-fd filter infrastructure for print_mode and
NUMA filtering" (Zhen Ni)

Per-fd filtering to page_owner in order to reduce the sometimes vast
amount of output it can produce

- "mm: Refactor bootmem gigantic hugepage allocation" (Muchun Song)

Fixes and preparatory cleanups around bootmem HugeTLB handling,
sparse initialization ordering, and related vmemmap setup

- "mm/zsmalloc: reduce lock contention in zs_free()" (Wenchao Hao)

Reduce lock contention in zs_free(), which dominates the unmap path
under memory pressure on Android (LMK kills) and on x86 servers
running zswap-heavy workloads.

Up to 1.83x improvement in microbenchmarking.

- "move alloc_tag.c file under mm/" (Suren Baghdasaryan)

- "samples/damon: handle damon_{start,stop}() failures" (SJ Park)

Fix improper handling of damon_start(), damon_stop(), and
damon_call() failures across DAMON sample modules to prevent
potential memory leaks, operation disruptions and use-after-free
bugs

- "mm/damon/sysfs: kobject_del() directories that users can
create/remove" (SJ Park)

Fix delayed sysfs directory removal under DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE
causeing creation failures due to duplicate directory names by adding
missing kobject_del() calls before creating new directories

- "mm: cleanup clear_not_present_full_ptes()" (David Hildenbrand)

Clean up the core pte handling code

- "selftests/damon: misc fixes for test bugs" (Kunwu Chan)

Fix several bugs in the DAMON selftests

- "selftests/damon: fix memcg_path staging handling" (Cheng Nie)

Fix a bug in _damon_sysfs.py for damos_filter memcg_path setup, and
add a test case for it in sysfs.py.

- "selftests/damon: test kdamond refresh_ms" (Ruslan Valiyev)

Selftest coverage for DAMON's refresh_ms sysfs feature by updating
the test control module and verifying that scheme stats update
automatically without manual intervention

- "mm/damon: five misc fixups" (Akinobu Mita)

Miscellaneous DAMON fixups.

- "mm/damon/core: detect internal variation above max_nr_regions/2"
(Jiayuan Chen)

Fix DAMON's region splitting behavior when region counts exceed half
the maximum budget by dynamically scaling down the split fraction as
the limit approaches, preventing large regions from staying un-split,
and add corresponding KUnit test coverage

- "mm: preparatory patches for PMD level swap entries" (Usama Arif)

Refactor and clean up PMD softleaf helpers, call sites, and
architecture flags to lay the groundwork for a follow-up series that
introduces PMD page table swap entries

- "mm/damon: update, optimize, and clean up doc, tests, and code" (SJ
Park)

Update DAMON design and ABI documentation, expands unit and selftest
coverage, optimize damon_commit_target_regions(), and clean up
recently added sysfs interface code for better readability

- "mm/vmpressure: reduce CPU, memory and code overhead on cgroup v2"
(Usama Arif)

Optimize vmpressure() by skipping unnecessary work on cgroup v2 for
userspace event notifications and refactor v1-only eventfd handling
into mm/memcontrol-v1.c to reduce memory overhead and code complexity

- "selftests/mm: refactor pkey helpers and fix mmap error handling"
(Hongfu Li)

Refactor pkeys shared tracing and assertion helpers into a common
file, unify protection key selftests to use consistent diagnostic
logging and assertions, and enforce standardized MAP_FAILED return
checks for mmap() calls across the tests

- "mm/damon: optimize out nr_accesses_bp" (SJ Park)

Replace the error-prone, continuously updated nr_accesses_bp field in
damon_region with an on-demand moving sum function, reducing
structure memory overhead and avoiding state corruption bugs

- "Open HugeTLB allocation routine for more generic use" (Ackerley Tng)

Decouple HugeTLB folio allocation from VMA dependencies by
introducing hugetlb_alloc_folio(), enabling subsystems like
guest_memfd to allocate HugeTLB folios without standard VMA
reservations or pseudo-VMAs

- "mm/damon: provide pseudo moving sum probe_hits" (SJ Park)

Integrate DAMON's probe_hits attribute counter into the pseudo moving
sum infrastructure, enabling real-time, online monitoring without
waiting for full aggregation intervals

- "mm: Some cleanups for page allocator APIs" (Brendan Jackman)

Simplify and refactor the page allocator entry points and flags by
unifying allocation paths, adding internal alloc_flags arguments, and
eliminating redundant __ prefixed alloc_pages variants.

- "Fix incorrect access of hugetlb pte entries" (Dev Jain)

Enforce the consistent use of huge_ptep_get() instead of ptep_get()
for HugeTLB entries and fixes an unaligned address issue in arm64's
huge_ptep_get() implementation

- "mm/damon: validate all parameters in the core" (SJ Park)

Consolidate parameter validation into the DAMON core specifically
within damon_start() and damon_commit_ctx() to centralize error
checking, eliminate caller-side redundant checks and to improve
maintenance efficiency

- "tools/mm/page_owner_sort: fix filtering and cleanup issues" (Yichong
Chen)

Rename is_need() to filter_record() for clearer return semantics, fix
per-record allocation memory leaks and bound output copies in
search_pattern() to address an existing buffer issue

- "memcg: bail out reclaim when memcg is dying" (Jiayuan Chen)

Mitigate a system-wide stall which occurs when a cgroup is removed
while one of its memory control files is doing synchronous reclaim

- "mm/memory-failure: add panic option for unrecoverable pages" (Breno
Leitao)

Introduce an opt-in vm.panic_on_unrecoverable_memory_failure sysctl
that immediately panics the kernel on unrecoverable memory errors in
kernel-owned pages to preserve error context and prevent delayed,
silent data corruption

- "mm/damon: refactor damon_{start,stop,commit}() for simple error
handling" (SJ Park)

Refactor the DAMON core API functions to guarantee that all contexts
are fully stopped when damon_start(), damon_stop(), or damon_commit()
fail, eliminating the need for complex and error-prone caller-side
cleanup code

- "Keep tail page private zero at free and folio split" (Zi Yan)

Add checks to ensure tail_page->private is zero when freeing compound
or high-order pages and when promoting tail pages during large folio
splits. By validating these fields at free and split time, it allows
the removal of redundant private field clearing inside
prep_compound_tail()

- "mm: drop redundant lru_add_drain in anon folio reuse paths" (Barry
Song)

Eliminate redundant lru_add_drain() calls in
wp_can_reuse_anon_folio() and do_swap_page() to reduce LRU lock
contention and system overhead

By validating folio refcounts against the LRU cache before draining
and removing unnecessary drains in the swap path, it achieves up to a
30.5% reduction in drain calls during heavy swap workloads

- "mm: clean up folio LRU and swap declarations" (Jianyue Wu)

Reorganize folio LRU and swap code by relocating page-cluster state
to mm/swap_state.c, renaming mm/swap.c to mm/folio.c, and moving
MM-internal reclaim declarations into mm/internal.h.

- "userfaultfd: working set tracking for VM guest memory" (Kiryl
Shutsemau)

Add userfaultfd support for tracking the working set of VM guest
memory, so a VMM can identify hot pages and reclaim cold ones to
tiered or remote storage

- "mm: remove CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE (Part 2)" (David
Hildenbrand)

Remove the remaining pieces of CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE,
performing some smaller cleanups around freeing of reserved vmemmap
pages on the way.

- "mm/damon: update probe hits for runtime parameter commits" (SJ Park)

Ensure that DAMON's probe_hits attribute counter is properly updated
when monitoring intervals are changed at runtime, matching the
behavior of nr_accesses. To achieve this, it refactors and renames
existing helper functions for shared use, applies the updates to
probe_hits, and handles edge cases in damon_probe_hits_mvsum() to
maintain measurement accuracy.

- "KSM: performance optimizations for rmap_walk_ksm" (xu xin)

Resolve a severe KSM reverse-mapping performance bottleneck where
thousands of split VMAs sharing a single anon_vma cause extended lock
contention.

By adding an interval-filtering check during the rmap walk, it
reduces worst-case anon_vma lock hold times from over 500ms down to
under 2ms, preventing application freezes and latency spikes under
memory pressure.

- "mm: split a couple of headers from internal.h" (Mike Rapoport)

Split declarations related to mm_init, memblock, vmalloc and sparse
into new headers

- "KSM: use linear_page_index in collect_procs_ksm()" (xu xin)

Apply the interval tree optimization from rmap_walk_ksm() to
collect_procs_ksm() to avoid iterating over non-matching VMAs during
KSM memory error handling.

It hoists loop-invariant address initialization and restricts the
anon_vma_interval_tree_foreach walk to a targeted page offset range,
reducing redundant checks and improving lookup efficiency.

- "selftests/mm: avoid false failures in hugetlb and KSM tests" (Sayali
Patil)

Fix issues in the hugetlb and KSM MM selftest categories that can
report failures when the prerequisites for the tests are not
satisfied

- "mm/damon: introduce data attributes only monitoring" (SJ Park)

Introduce attribute-weighted region management in DAMON, allowing
users to prioritize specific data attributes (such as page sizes or
cgroups) over or instead of access monitoring.

By assigning weights to attribute probes, DAMON can completely
disable access tracking and adjust monitoring regions based on
weighted probe-hit counters to optimize monitoring quality for
attribute-focused workloads.

- "mm/hmm: Add mmap lock-drop support for userfaultfd-backed mappings"
(Stanislav Kinsburskii)

Extend hmm_range_fault() to support userfaultfd-backed regions by
allowing the mmap lock to be dropped during fault handling via a new
hmm_range_fault_locked() helper.

By accepting a locked pointer and signaling retry status when lock
release occurs, it enables page fault resolution in userfaultfd
regions while preserving backward compatibility for existing callers.

- "mm: make VMA page offset handling more consistent" (Lorenzo Stoakes)

Clean up and standardize how vma->vm_pgoff is accessed and
manipulated across file-backed and anonymous mappings in the kernel

It introduces dedicated helper functions such as vma_start_pgoff(),
vma_end_pgoff(), vma_set_pgoff() and linear_page_delta() while
renaming rmap interval tree helpers to better reflect their
functionality.

These changes establish a cleaner foundation for future work that
will unify virtual page offset indexing for all anonymous and CoW'd
folios.

- "mm: handle device-private PMDs in walk callbacks" (Usama Arif)

Address kernel panics and state corruption caused by MM walk
callbacks reaching non-present device-private PMD swap entries
created during HMM migrations

It ensures that functions which acquire pmd_trans_huge_lock()
properly recognize device-private PMDs instead of assuming a present
THP or a standard migration entry.

- "mm/rmap: Refactor try_to_unmap_one" (Dev Jain)

Refactor try_to_unmap_one by modularizing Hugetlb,
anonymous-lazyfree, and anonymous-swapbacked logic into dedicated
functions, laying the structural groundwork for batched anonymous
large folio unmapping.

- "Docs/ABI/damon: sysfs ABI document fixes and additions" (Song Hu)

Fix typos and fills in missing entries in the DAMON sysfs ABI
document

- "dax/kmem: atomic whole-device hotplug via sysfs" (Gregory Price)

Introduce an atomic sysfs state attribute and supporting DAX/MM
infrastructure to prevent userland races when offlining and removing
entire memory regions

By adding an unplugged state alongside standard online modes, it
enables whole-device atomic hotplug control while preserving backward
compatibility.

- "mm: convert more vm_flags_t users to vma_flags_t" (Lorenzo Stoakes)

Continue transitioning the kernel from the deprecated vm_flags_t type
to vma_flags_t across core memory management infrastructure.

It replaces legacy type usage in core functions such as do_mmap(),
unmapped area allocation, mm->def_vma_flags, and VMA operations like
mlock, mprotect, and mremap.

- "Two small patches to clean up mm/mm_slot.h" (xu xin)

Refactor mm_slot.h by introducing mm_slot_remove() to unify duplicate
slot deletion sequences in khugepaged and KSM. It also adds code
documentation explaining why mm_slot_lookup and mm_slot_insert must
remain as preprocessor macros rather than static inline functions.

- "mm/damon/core: hide core-private struct fields" (SJ Park)

Clean up DAMON core structures by consistently marking internal-only
fields with private: comment tags to prevent improper direct access
from outer layers.

It enforces encapsulation across core structures including
damon_region, damon_target, and damon_ctx and updates DAMON_SYSFS to
interact through approved access APIs instead of exposing raw struct
members.

- "mm/damon: unurgent fixes for infinite loop, NULL de-ref and races"
(SJ Park)

Address potential infinite loops, NULL dereferences, and race
conditions identified in DAMON

It fixes an infinite loop triggered by extreme user configurations, a
NULL pointer dereference within unit tests and minor monitoring
accuracy degradation caused by subtle runtime races.

- "mm/page_alloc: fixes for free_pages_nolock() on RT/UP" (Brendan
Jackman)

Fix an NMI safety flaw in __free_frozen_pages() where freeing pages
on non-SMP or PREEMPT_RT kernels can bypass can_spin_trylock() checks
via non-PCP or isolated migration paths.

It also resolves potential kernel crashes and privilege escalation
risks triggered when BPF tracing runs in NMI context alongside memory
hotplug or large allocation frees.

- "mm/page_alloc: couple of followups for recent cleanups" (Brendan
Jackman)

Clean up and update page allocator nomenclature, documentation, and
debug assertions.

It aligns internal FPI_ flags with the public "nolock" naming
convention, removes outdated internal implementation details from
high-level page allocator comments, and eliminates obsolete
VM_BUG_ON() assertions in allocation paths.

- "mm/mseal: further cleanups" (Lorenzo Stoakes)

Refactor and simplify the mseal implementation by clarifying API
boundaries and removing unnecessary code complexity.

It replaces generic do_mseal() usage outside the syscall with a
dedicated mseal_mmap_page_zero() helper for MMAP_PAGE_ZERO,
eliminates mm_struct parameters to enforce that sealing applies only
to current->mm, and streamlines overall logic and comments with no
functional changes intended.

- "mm/vmscan: fix swappiness=max and clean up per-node proactive
reclaim" (Ridong Chen)

Resolve reclaim behavior bugs and clean up function parameters across
memory reclaim paths

It fixes swappiness=max in both standard reclaim and MGLRU so
unswappable anonymous memory no longer falls back to evicting page
cache, ensures reclaim_store() returns accurate error codes instead
of collapsing all failures into -EAGAIN, and removes the obsolete
gfp_mask parameter from __node_reclaim().

- "mm: mincore: misc cleanups" (Kefeng Wang)

Clean up and simplifies the mincore code. Most importantly, it
removes the historical special behavior that always reports VM_PFNMAP
pages as non-resident.

- "mm/huge_memory: drop dead split helper variants" (Kiryl Shutsemau)

Two trivial cleanups in the folio split API

- "mm/damon: fix uninitialized DAMOS field and kunit exec expectation
bugs" (SJ Park)

Resolve minor operational and testing bugs in DAMON identified by
Sashiko. It initializes the damos->last_applied field to prevent
occasional efficiency degradation and fixes invalid memory accesses
in DAMON KUnit tests during test failure handling.

- "cleanup for stable_page_flags()" (Jinjiang Tu)

Clean up and refactor stable_page_flags() used by /proc/kpageflags
without altering functionality.

It uses BIT_ULL() to prevent shift-overflow warnings on 64-bit flag
bits, converts folio-specific flag checks to standard folio_test_*()
helpers, and removes redundant CONFIG_PAGE_IDLE_FLAG handling.

- "Batch unmap of uffd-wp file folios" (Dev Jain)

Extend batched folio unmapping support to file folios within
userfaultfd write-protect (uffd-wp) VMAs by adding batching
capabilities to pte_install_uffd_wp_if_needed().

This removes special-case restrictions on uffd-wp VMAs in
try_to_unmap_one(), significantly simplifying the function's control
flow and complexity.

- "mm/early_ioremap: clarify and clean up early_ioremap_reset()"
(Sang-Heon Jeon)

Clarify and clean up the architecture-specific usage of
__late_set_fixmap() and __late_clear_fixmap() after
early_ioremap_reset()

It adds explicit documentation regarding when early_ioremap_reset()
must be called and removes redundant macro definitions and reset
calls in the RISC-V and ARM64 architectures.

- "mm: fix reclaim storms in defrag_mode" (Johannes Weiner)

Address severe performance regressions, swap storms, and spurious
OOMs caused by vm.defrag_mode=1 under high memory pressure in Meta
production

It updates the page allocator slowpath so non-movable allocation
requests actively trigger direct reclaim and direct compaction at
pageblock_order scale, allowing them to claim whole pageblocks rather
than spinning unproductively.

- "zram: lockmap tweaks" (Sebastian Siewior)

Optimize and fix lockdep tracking for zram devices by consolidating
per-entry lockmaps and isolate lock classes across multiple instances

This reduces memory overhead by replacing per-entry lockdep_map
instances with a single map per struct zram, and assigns a dynamic
lock_class_key to each instance to prevent false deadlock reports
when different zram devices are backed by distinct filesystems.

* tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-18-18-39' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (501 commits)
selftests/mm: thuge-gen: fix test_shmget() for PAGE_SIZE check
selftests/mm: unpoison pages in memory-failure teardown
mm/shmem: downgrade final i_blocks check in shmem_evict_inode() to pr_warn()
mm/khugepaged: replace mutex_lock/mutex_unlock usage with guard macro
mm/zsmalloc: fix release order of locks in zs_page_migrate()
Documentation: zram: remove sections numbering
ksm: stop iterating VMAs when ksm_test_exit returns true
mm: fold userfaultfd_rwp() to false without CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_PROTNONE
mm/migrate: report RCU-tasks quiescent states in migrate_pages_batch()
zram: use a custom key for each zram object
zram: move lockmap to be per-zram instead per table
selftests/mm: fix gup_longterm EINVAL error message
mm: page_alloc: fix non-movable reclaim storm in defrag_mode
mm: page_alloc: move capture_control to the page allocator
mm: compaction: support non-movable compaction for pageblock requests
mm: page_alloc: __GFP_FS lockdep annotation for direct compaction
hugetlb: evaluate subpool free state while locked
mm/damon: remove trailing semicolons after function definitions
mm/damon/ops-common: prevent migration fallback to non-target nodes
mm/damon: update outdated comment about DAMOS filter handling
...

show more ...

Merge tag 'vfs-7.3-rc1.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs

Pull misc vfs updates from Christian Brauner:
"Bigger cleanups:

- The lockref dead-count handling is tidied

Merge tag 'vfs-7.3-rc1.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs

Pull misc vfs updates from Christian Brauner:
"Bigger cleanups:

- The lockref dead-count handling is tidied up.

The open-coded check for a count below zero as the dead marker
relies on information the caller should not have.

- make put_mnt_ns() leave mounts connected. Destroying a mount
namespace disconnected its mounts from their mount points. So a
file descriptor still open on the parent of a mount point could be
used to peek under it.

Locked mounts were already kept connected to prevent exactly that.
But a mount is only locked when its tree is copied across a user
namespace boundary. So a mount namespace set up by a privileged
component had no locked mounts and its mounts were disconnected.
Passing UMOUNT_CONNECTED keeps every mount connected and prevents
that bug.

- vfs_prepare_mode() passes S_IFDIR for directories. I meant to fix
that ago but didn't get to it. So now someone finally did it.

This kills the exception where the mode could be 0 when a directory
was created whereas every other creation operation passed it
explicitly already.

- move long delayed work for ufs, jffs2, hfsplus, hfs and affs from
the per-cpu system_long_wq to the new unbound system_dfl_long_wq.

None of that work relies on per-cpu state and the work item is
enqueued with queue_delayed_work() whose timer is global anyway. So
it may as well benefit from scheduler task placement.

Smaller fixes and cleanups:

- unlock_buffer() and journal_end_buffer_io_sync() use
clear_and_wake_up_bit()

- the pipe page pools are unified into a single per-pipe pool and the
extra wake_up(rd_wait) is limited to EPOLLET consumers

- eventpoll now computes its timer slack lazily in ep_poll()

- shrink_dcache_for_umount() keeps making progress on busy roots

- excess xarray nodes are freed in clear_inode()

- romfs detects hard link cycles

- the user path of nested backing files is fixed

- pidfd holds exec_update_lock around the namespace ioctl

- non-memcg-aware nr_cached_objects is skipped during memcg slab
shrink

- iomap_write_iter() always returns status

- mangle_path() is renamed to seq_mangle_path()

- inode timestamp accessors are annotated

- new regression test for pipe->poll_usage.

- a few documentation, kernel-doc and selftest fixes"

* tag 'vfs-7.3-rc1.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (67 commits)
selftests/namespaces: Fix racy pipe handshake in timens and pidns_separate
selftests/epoll: add a regression test for pipe->poll_usage
pipe: only enable the extra wake_up(rd_wait) for EPOLLET consumers
pidfd: hold exec_update_lock around namespace ioctl
fs: fix user path of nested backing files
fs: remove stale inode_insert5() kernel-doc parameter
fs: fix switch/case indentation in sysfs() syscall
fs: document semantics of kstat::{uid,gid} fields
dcache: keep shrink_dcache_for_umount() making progress on busy roots
seq_file: rename mangle_path to seq_mangle_path
nstree: add/fix struct ns_id_req kernel-doc member fields
dcache: use lockref routines for dead count checks
lockref: tidy up dead count handling
initramfs: fix typo in reserve_initrd_mem comment
fs/pipe: unify the page pools into a single per-pipe pool
fs: annotate inode timestamp accessors
eventpoll: compute timer slack lazily in ep_poll()
selftests/filesystems: add mntns cleanup test
put_mnt_ns(): leave mounts connected
affs: Move long delayed work on system_dfl_long_wq
...

show more ...

Merge tag 'vfs-7.3-rc1.failfs' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs

Pull failfs filesystem from Christian Brauner:
"Add failfs and expose a FD_FAILFS_ROOT sentinel.

This allo

Merge tag 'vfs-7.3-rc1.failfs' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs

Pull failfs filesystem from Christian Brauner:
"Add failfs and expose a FD_FAILFS_ROOT sentinel.

This allows userspace to shed their filesystem state completely. A
process with its root or working directory in failfs must anchor every
path lookup at an explicit file descriptor. Absolute paths, absolute
symlinks and AT_FDCWD-relative lookups simply fail.

Failfs is the counterpart to nullfs. nullfs says adds a permanently
empty, immutable directory whose lookups fail with ENOENT but which
can be opened, read, stat'd and mounted upon. Failfs on the other hand
fails every operation. The root cannot be opened at all. A single
instance is mounted during early boot via kern_mount(), which makes it
logically distinct from every mount namespace.

This is accompanied by a new fchroot() system call which makes
chrooting via a file descriptor a first class concept. It's possible
to chroot into failfs as an unprivileged user provided the task has no
new privileges set"

* tag 'vfs-7.3-rc1.failfs' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
Documentation: add failfs documentation
selftests/filesystems: add failfs selftests
arch: hookup fchroot() system call
fs: support FD_FAILFS_ROOT in fchroot()
fs: add fchroot()
fs: support FD_FAILFS_ROOT in fchdir()
fs: add failfs

show more ...

selftests/filesystems: test completing a context from another user namespace

fsopen() records the caller's user namespace in fc->user_ns and hands
back an ordinary file descriptor, so the task that

selftests/filesystems: test completing a context from another user namespace

fsopen() records the caller's user namespace in fc->user_ns and hands
back an ordinary file descriptor, so the task that issues
FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE need not be the one that created the context.
mount_capable() authorizes that for a caller holding CAP_SYS_ADMIN in an
ancestor of fc->user_ns, which any unprivileged user has over a user
namespace it just created.

binfmt_misc and overlayfs used to WARN_ON() the mismatch. Add a test for
both. Also cover the handover within one user namespace. That is a
supported thing to do and has to keep working.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260802-work-fill_super-warn-v1-3-4e987911a39a@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>

show more ...

selftests/dax: add dax/kmem hotplug sysfs regression test

Add a kselftest for the dax/kmem whole-device "state" sysfs attribute
(/sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y/state), which transitions a kmem-backed
d

selftests/dax: add dax/kmem hotplug sysfs regression test

Add a kselftest for the dax/kmem whole-device "state" sysfs attribute
(/sys/bus/dax/devices/daxX.Y/state), which transitions a kmem-backed
dax device between "unplugged", "online" and "online_movable".

The kselftest also includes a test to demonstrate the force-unbind
does not deadlock - but this is destructive (the dax device can never
be rebound), so it only runs when DAX_KMEM_TEST_UNBIND=1 is set.

Provisioning a devdax device and binding it to kmem needs daxctl/ndctl
out of scope for an in-tree selftest. As the test mutates a device's
memory, the operator opts in by naming it in DAX_KMEM_TEST_DEV (or
"auto" to pick the first kmem-bound device); it SKIPs when unset, when
no device is present, or when the memory cannot be freed to a baseline.

When a device is available it validates the interface contract:
- online / online_movable actually add memory (MemTotal grows),
- online is idempotent,
- switching between online types without unplug is rejected,
- unplug removes memory and the reported state is "unplugged"
- invalid input is rejected,
- unplug and unbind tolerate blocks toggled out-of-band through the
per-block memoryX/state interface.

One specific regression test:
online -> unplug -> online_movable -> unplug

Re-online must re-reserve per-range resources so subsequent unplug
actually offlines and removes instead of silently reporting success
while the memory stays online.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260712154505.3564379-11-gourry@gourry.net
Signed-off-by: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net>
Cc: Alison Schofield <alison.schofield@intel.com>
Cc: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@amd.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

show more ...

selftests/filesystems: add mntns cleanup test

Verify that destroying a mount namespace keeps its mounts connected.

Signed-off-by: Noah Orlando <Noah.Orlando@deshaw.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.li

selftests/filesystems: add mntns cleanup test

Verify that destroying a mount namespace keeps its mounts connected.

Signed-off-by: Noah Orlando <Noah.Orlando@deshaw.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260706182559.2496448-4-Noah.Orlando@deshaw.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>

show more ...

selftests/filesystems: add failfs selftests

Test the failfs semantics and both new entry points:

- fchdir(FD_FAILFS_ROOT):

* working directory lookups and getcwd() fail
* other sentinels are r

selftests/filesystems: add failfs selftests

Test the failfs semantics and both new entry points:

- fchdir(FD_FAILFS_ROOT):

* working directory lookups and getcwd() fail
* other sentinels are rejected
* the state is recoverable while the root is untouched

- fchroot() with regular fds:
* chroot parity
* CAP_SYS_CHROOT required
* ENOTDIR/EBADF/EINVAL checks

- fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT):

* absolute lookups, stat, statfs and opens of the root including O_PATH fail with EOPNOTSUPP
* dirfd-anchored I/O keeps working
* ".." walks clamp at the top of the mount tree
* /proc magic links resolve but can't be stat through
* absolute symlinks fail while relative symlinks keep resolving

- Unprivileged entry requires no_new_privs and is rejected for
chrooted callers and for a shared fs_struct

- entering makes the task count as chrooted so user namespace creation
fails

- Nothing can be mounted on top of failfs and OPEN_TREE_CLONE is
rejected; the overmount test runs in a private mount namespace so a
regression cannot touch the host root

- setns() to a kept mount namespace fd restores root and working
directory

- The failfs root is inherited across fork() and absolute exec fails

- Exec by fd of a dynamically linked binary fails on opening its
absolute PT_INTERP interpreter

The exec tests run the exec in a child so a wrongly successful exec
cannot replace the test image and masquerade as a pass.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260724-work-failfs-v2-6-485dabbae185@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>

show more ...

Merge tag 'vfs-7.2-rc1.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs

Pull misc vfs updates from Christian Brauner:
"Features:

- Reduce pipe->mutex contention by pre-allocating

Merge tag 'vfs-7.2-rc1.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs

Pull misc vfs updates from Christian Brauner:
"Features:

- Reduce pipe->mutex contention by pre-allocating pages outside the
lock in anon_pipe_write().

anon_pipe_write() called alloc_page() once per page while holding
pipe->mutex. The allocation can sleep doing direct reclaim and runs
memcg charging, which extends the critical section and stalls any
concurrent reader on the same mutex. Now up to 8 pages are
pre-allocated before the mutex is taken, leftovers are recycled
into the per-pipe tmp_page[] cache before unlock, and any remainder
is released after unlock, keeping the allocator out of the critical
section on both sides. On a writers x readers sweep with 64KB
writes against a 1 MB pipe throughput improves 6-28% and average
write latency drops 5-22%; under memory pressure - when the cost of
holding the mutex across reclaim is highest - throughput improves
21-48% and latency drops 17-33%. The microbenchmark is added to
selftests.

- uaccess/sockptr: fix the ignored_trailing logic in
copy_struct_to_user() to behave as documented and the usize check
in copy_struct_from_sockptr() for user pointers, and add
copy_struct_{from,to}_bounce_buffer() and copy_struct_to_sockptr()
helpers for upcoming users (IPPROTO_SMBDIRECT, IPPROTO_QUIC).

- bpf: add a sleepable bpf_real_inode() kfunc that resolves the real
inode backing a dentry via d_real_inode(). On overlayfs the inode
attached to the dentry doesn't carry the underlying device
information; this is used by the filesystem restriction BPF program
that was merged into systemd.

- docs: add guidelines for submitting new filesystems, motivated by
the maintenance burden abandoned and untestable filesystems impose
on VFS developers, blocking infrastructure work like folio
conversions and iomap migration.

Fixes:

- libfs: set SB_I_NOEXEC and SB_I_NODEV by default in init_pseudo()
and drop the now-redundant assignments in callers. This began as a
one-line dma-buf fix for a path_noexec() warning; a pseudo
filesystem has no reason not to set SB_I_NOEXEC. All init_pseudo()
callers were audited: the only visible effect is on dma-buf where
SB_I_NOEXEC silences the warning.

- Handle set_blocksize() failures in legacy filesystems (bfs, hpfs,
qnx4, jfs, befs, affs, isofs, minix, ntfs3, omfs). Mounting a
device with a sector size > PAGE_SIZE crashed roughly half of them;
the rest had the same missing error handling pattern. Plus a
follow-up releasing the superblock buffer_head when setting the
minix v3 block size fails.

- mount: honour SB_NOUSER in the new mount API.

- fs/fcntl: fix a SOFTIRQ-unsafe lock order in fasync signaling by
switching the process-group paths of send_sigio() and send_sigurg()
from read_lock(&tasklist_lock) to RCU, matching the single-PID
path.

- vfs: add an FS_USERNS_DELEGATABLE flag and set it for NFS, fixing
delegated NFS mounts (fsopen() in a container with the mount
performed by a privileged daemon) that broke when non-init
s_user_ns was tied to FS_USERNS_MOUNT.

- selftests/namespaces: fix a hang in nsid_test where an unreaped
grandchild kept the TAP pipe write-end open, a waitpid(-1) race in
listns_efault_test, and a false FAIL on kernels without listns()
where the tests should SKIP.

- filelock: fix the break_lease() stub signature for
CONFIG_FILE_LOCKING=n.

- init/initramfs_test: wait for the async initramfs unpacking before
running; the test and do_populate_rootfs() share the parser state.

- fs/coredump: reduce redundant log noise in
validate_coredump_safety().

- iomap: pass the correct length to fserror_report_io() in
__iomap_write_begin().

- backing-file: fix the backing_file_open() kerneldoc.

Cleanups:

- initramfs: refactor the cpio hex header parsing to use hex2bin()
instead of the hand-rolled simple_strntoul() which is reverted, and
extend the initramfs KUnit tests to cover header fields with 0x
prefixes.

- Replace __get_free_pages() and friends with kmalloc()/kzalloc()
across quota, proc, ocfs2/dlm, nilfs2, nfs, nfsd, libfs, jfs, jbd2,
isofs, fuse, select, namespace, configfs, binfmt_misc, bfs, and the
do_mounts init code - part of the larger work of replacing page
allocator calls with kmalloc().

- Use clear_and_wake_up_bit() in unlock_buffer() and
journal_end_buffer_io_sync() instead of open-coding the sequence.

- Drop unused VFS exports: unexport drop_super_exclusive(), remove
start_removing_user_path_at(), and fold __start_removing_path()
into start_removing_path().

- fs/read_write: narrow the __kernel_write() export with
EXPORT_SYMBOL_FOR_MODULES().

- vfs: uapi: retire octal and hex constants in favor of (1 << n) for
the O_ flags. Finding a free bit for a new flag across the
architectures was needlessly hard with the mixed bases.

- dcache: add extra sanity checks of dead dentries in dentry_free()
via a new DENTRY_WARN_ONCE() that also prints d_flags.

- iov_iter: use kmemdup_array() in dup_iter() to harden the
allocation against multiplication overflow.

- fs/pipe: write to ->poll_usage only once.

- vfs: remove an always-taken if-branch in find_next_fd().

- dcache: use kmalloc_flex() for struct external_name in __d_alloc().

- namei: use QSTR() instead of QSTR_INIT() in path_pts().

- sync_file_range: delete dead S_ISLNK code.

- Comment fixes: retire a stale comment in fget_task_next() and fix
assorted spelling mistakes"

* tag 'vfs-7.2-rc1.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (73 commits)
backing-file: fix backing_file_open() kerneldoc parameter
iomap: pass the correct len to fserror_report_io in __iomap_write_begin
vfs: add FS_USERNS_DELEGATABLE flag and set it for NFS
filelock: fix break_lease() stub signature for CONFIG_FILE_LOCKING=n
vfs: uapi: retire octal and hex numbers in favor of (1 << n) for O_ flags
bpf: add bpf_real_inode() kfunc
fs/read_write: Do not export __kernel_write() to the entire world
libfs: drop redundant SB_I_NOEXEC/SB_I_NODEV in init_pseudo() callers
libfs: set SB_I_NOEXEC and SB_I_NODEV by default in init_pseudo()
mount: honour SB_NOUSER in the new mount API
fs/fcntl: fix SOFTIRQ-unsafe lock order in fasync signaling
selftests/pipe: add pipe_bench microbenchmark
fs/pipe: pre-allocate pages outside pipe->mutex in anon_pipe_write
fs: retire stale comment in fget_task_next()
fs: fix spelling mistakes in comment
bfs: replace get_zeroed_page() with kzalloc()
binfmt_misc: replace __get_free_page() with kmalloc()
configfs: replace __get_free_pages() with kzalloc()
fs/namespace: use __getname() to allocate mntpath buffer
fs/select: replace __get_free_page() with kmalloc()
...

show more ...

selftests/pipe: add pipe_bench microbenchmark

Add a small selftest that stresses pipe->mutex contention by spawning N
writer threads that hammer a single pipe with multi-page writes, plus M
reader t

selftests/pipe: add pipe_bench microbenchmark

Add a small selftest that stresses pipe->mutex contention by spawning N
writer threads that hammer a single pipe with multi-page writes, plus M
reader threads that drain. Each writer records its own write() latency
samples into a log2-bucketed histogram; main aggregates and prints
total writes, throughput, average and percentile (p50/p99) latencies,
and the maximum observed latency.

Pass --memory-pressure to fork stress-ng (--vm 4 --vm-bytes 80%
--vm-method all) for the duration of the run, so alloc_page() in
anon_pipe_write() routinely hits direct reclaim. The flag fails
fast if stress-ng is not on $PATH.

Program print something like the following, for different writes,
readers, msgsizes and memory pressure:

config: writers=X readers=Y msgsize=Z duration=3 pipe_size=1048576
memory_pressure=[no|yes]
writes: total=54451 rate=18150/s
throughput_MBps: 1134.40
lat_avg_ns: 275355
lat_p50_ns_upper: 262143
lat_p99_ns_upper: 1048575
lat_max_ns: 2145633

Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260524-fix_pipe-v3-2-bb4a75d23a90@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>

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selftests: Fix Makefile target for nsfs

The kselftests for nsfs where moved under filesystem/ with
commit cae73d3bdce5 ("seltests: move nsfs into filesystems
subfolder"). However, the kselftest TARG

selftests: Fix Makefile target for nsfs

The kselftests for nsfs where moved under filesystem/ with
commit cae73d3bdce5 ("seltests: move nsfs into filesystems
subfolder"). However, the kselftest TARGETS declaration was not
adjusted.

Since the kselftest Makefile ignores errors unless no target builds,
the invalid target declaration can easily be missed.

Fix this by adjusting the TARGETS accordingly.

Fixes: cae73d3bdce5 ("seltests: move nsfs into filesystems subfolder")
Signed-off-by: Florian Schmaus <flo@geekplace.eu>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260526-kselftest-nsfs-v1-1-7b042ebe42d6@geekplace.eu
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>

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Merge tag 'linux_kselftest-next-7.1-next-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest

Pull kselftest fixes from Shuah Khan:
"Fix regressions in non-bash shells and

Merge tag 'linux_kselftest-next-7.1-next-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest

Pull kselftest fixes from Shuah Khan:
"Fix regressions in non-bash shells and busybox support, and revert a
commit that regressed in build and installation when one or more tests
fail to build.

Fix duplicated test number reporting introduced in ktap support patch"

* tag 'linux_kselftest-next-7.1-next-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest:
selftests: Fix duplicated test number reporting
selftests: Fix runner.sh for non-bash shells
selftests: Fix runner.sh busybox support
selftests: Deescalate error reporting

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Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rdma/rdma

Pull rdma updates from Jason Gunthorpe:
"The usual collection of driver changes, more core infrastructure
updates

Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rdma/rdma

Pull rdma updates from Jason Gunthorpe:
"The usual collection of driver changes, more core infrastructure
updates that typical this cycle:

- Minor cleanups and kernel-doc fixes in bnxt_re, hns, rdmavt, efa,
ocrdma, erdma, rtrs, hfi1, ionic, and pvrdma

- New udata validation framework and driver updates

- Modernize CQ creation interface in mlx4 and mlx5, manage CQ umem in
core

- Promote UMEM to a core component, split out DMA block iterator
logic

- Introduce FRMR pools with aging, statistics, pinned handles, and
netlink control and use it in mlx5

- Add PCIe TLP emulation support in mlx5

- Extend umem to work with revocable pinned dmabuf's and use it in
irdma

- More net namespace improvements for rxe

- GEN4 hardware support in irdma

- First steps to MW and UC support in mana_ib

- Support for CQ umem and doorbells in bnxt_re

- Drop opa_vnic driver from hfi1

Fixes:

- IB/core zero dmac neighbor resolution race

- GID table memory free

- rxe pad/ICRC validation and r_key async errors

- mlx4 external umem for CQ

- umem DMA attributes on unmap

- mana_ib RX steering on RSS QP destroy"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rdma/rdma: (116 commits)
RDMA/core: Fix user CQ creation for drivers without create_cq
RDMA/ionic: bound node_desc sysfs read with %.64s
IB/core: Fix zero dmac race in neighbor resolution
RDMA/mana_ib: Support memory windows
RDMA/rxe: Validate pad and ICRC before payload_size() in rxe_rcv
RDMA/core: Prefer NLA_NUL_STRING
RDMA/core: Fix memory free for GID table
RDMA/hns: Remove the duplicate calls to ib_copy_validate_udata_in()
RDMA: Remove redundant = {} for udata req structs
RDMA/irdma: Add missing comp_mask check in alloc_ucontext
RDMA/hns: Add missing comp_mask check in create_qp
RDMA/mlx5: Pull comp_mask validation into ib_copy_validate_udata_in_cm()
RDMA: Use ib_copy_validate_udata_in_cm() for zero comp_mask
RDMA/hns: Use ib_copy_validate_udata_in()
RDMA/mlx4: Use ib_copy_validate_udata_in() for QP
RDMA/mlx4: Use ib_copy_validate_udata_in()
RDMA/mlx5: Use ib_copy_validate_udata_in() for MW
RDMA/mlx5: Use ib_copy_validate_udata_in() for SRQ
RDMA/pvrdma: Use ib_copy_validate_udata_in() for srq
RDMA: Use ib_copy_validate_udata_in() for implicit full structs
...

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selftests: Deescalate error reporting

Commit 7e47389142b8 ("selftests: Preserve subtarget failures in
all/install") updated the propagation of errors from indivdual kselftest
targets to be similar t

selftests: Deescalate error reporting

Commit 7e47389142b8 ("selftests: Preserve subtarget failures in
all/install") updated the propagation of errors from indivdual kselftest
targets to be similar to that seen with FORCE_TARGETS. While it would
be really nice to be in a position to do this currently it is premature
to do this as the default behaviour.

At present we default to trying to build all selftests but a combination
of code quality issues and build dependencies mean that it is almost
certain that at least one of them will fail to build (for example,
several depend on clang so don't work in a GCC container) and a top
level failure in the kselftest build reported. Further, the resulting
failures mean that the install target does not run at all so any build
problem is escallated to a complete failure to produce a kselftest
tarball so CI systems that run into issues loose all selftests coverage.
This has been causing disruption to a range of CI systems including
KernelCI, mine and Arm's internal one.

Revert the commit, users who need this behaviour should be able to use
FORCE_TARGETS for the time being. At present users that do this (such
as linux-next) are most likely building a subset of targets known to
succeed in their environments.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260416-selftests-deescalate-error-reporting-v1-1-38e7c0536227@kernel.org
Fixes: 7e47389142b8 ("selftests: Preserve subtarget failures in all/install")
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

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Merge tag 'vfs-7.1-rc1.mount.v2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs

Pull vfs mount updates from Christian Brauner:

- Add FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE flag to fsmount() that creates a ne

Merge tag 'vfs-7.1-rc1.mount.v2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs

Pull vfs mount updates from Christian Brauner:

- Add FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE flag to fsmount() that creates a new mount
namespace with the newly created filesystem attached to a copy of the
real rootfs. This returns a namespace file descriptor instead of an
O_PATH mount fd, similar to how OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE works for
open_tree().

This allows creating a new filesystem and immediately placing it in a
new mount namespace in a single operation, which is useful for
container runtimes and other namespace-based isolation mechanisms.

This accompanies OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE and avoids a needless detour via
OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE to get the same effect. Will be especially useful
when you mount an actual filesystem to be used as the container
rootfs.

- Currently, creating a new mount namespace always copies the entire
mount tree from the caller's namespace. For containers and sandboxes
that intend to build their mount table from scratch this is wasteful:
they inherit a potentially large mount tree only to immediately tear
it down.

This series adds support for creating a mount namespace that contains
only a clone of the root mount, with none of the child mounts. Two
new flags are introduced:

- CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS (0x400000000) for clone3(), using the 64-bit flag space
- UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS (0x00100000) for unshare()

Both flags imply CLONE_NEWNS. The resulting namespace contains a
single nullfs root mount with an immutable empty directory. The
intended workflow is to then mount a real filesystem (e.g., tmpfs)
over the root and build the mount table from there.

- Allow MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH to target the caller's rootfs, allowing to
switch out the rootfs without pivot_root(2).

The traditional approach to switching the rootfs involves
pivot_root(2) or a chroot_fs_refs()-based mechanism that atomically
updates fs->root for all tasks sharing the same fs_struct. This has
consequences for fork(), unshare(CLONE_FS), and setns().

This series instead decomposes root-switching into individually
atomic, locally-scoped steps:

fd_tree = open_tree(-EBADF, "/newroot", OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
fchdir(fd_tree);
move_mount(fd_tree, "", AT_FDCWD, "/", MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH | MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH);
chroot(".");
umount2(".", MNT_DETACH);

Since each step only modifies the caller's own state, the
fork/unshare/setns races are eliminated by design.

A key step to making this possible is to remove the locked mount
restriction. Originally MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH doesn't support mounting
beneath a mount that is locked. The locked mount protects the
underlying mount from being revealed. This is a core mechanism of
unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS). The mounts in the new mount
namespace become locked. That effectively makes the new mount table
useless as the caller cannot ever get rid of any of the mounts no
matter how useless they are.

We can lift this restriction though. We simply transfer the locked
property from the top mount to the mount beneath. This works because
what we care about is to protect the underlying mount aka the parent.
The mount mounted between the parent and the top mount takes over the
job of protecting the parent mount from the top mount mount. This
leaves us free to remove the locked property from the top mount which
can consequently be unmounted:

unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS)

and we inherit a clone of procfs on /proc then currently we cannot
unmount it as:

umount -l /proc

will fail with EINVAL because the procfs mount is locked.

After this series we can now do:

mount --beneath -t tmpfs tmpfs /proc
umount -l /proc

after which a tmpfs mount has been placed beneath the procfs mount.
The tmpfs mount has become locked and the procfs mount has become
unlocked.

This means you can safely modify an inherited mount table after
unprivileged namespace creation.

Afterwards we simply make it possible to move a mount beneath the
rootfs allowing to upgrade the rootfs.

Removing the locked restriction makes this very useful for containers
created with unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS) to reshuffle an
inherited mount table safely and MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH makes it possible
to switch out the rootfs instead of using the costly pivot_root(2).

* tag 'vfs-7.1-rc1.mount.v2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs:
selftests/namespaces: remove unused utils.h include from listns_efault_test
selftests/fsmount_ns: add missing TARGETS and fix cap test
selftests/empty_mntns: fix wrong CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS hex value in comment
selftests/empty_mntns: fix statmount_alloc() signature mismatch
selftests/statmount: remove duplicate wait_for_pid()
mount: always duplicate mount
selftests/filesystems: add MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH rootfs tests
move_mount: allow MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH on the rootfs
move_mount: transfer MNT_LOCKED
selftests/filesystems: add clone3 tests for empty mount namespaces
selftests/filesystems: add tests for empty mount namespaces
namespace: allow creating empty mount namespaces
selftests: add FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE tests
selftests/statmount: add statmount_alloc() helper
tools: update mount.h header
mount: add FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE
mount: simplify __do_loopback()
mount: start iterating from start of rbtree

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Merge tag 'net-next-7.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next

Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski:
"Core & protocols:

- Support HW queue leasing, allowing co

Merge tag 'net-next-7.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next

Pull networking updates from Jakub Kicinski:
"Core & protocols:

- Support HW queue leasing, allowing containers to be granted access
to HW queues for zero-copy operations and AF_XDP

- Number of code moves to help the compiler with inlining. Avoid
output arguments for returning drop reason where possible

- Rework drop handling within qdiscs to include more metadata about
the reason and dropping qdisc in the tracepoints

- Remove the rtnl_lock use from IP Multicast Routing

- Pack size information into the Rx Flow Steering table pointer
itself. This allows making the table itself a flat array of u32s,
thus making the table allocation size a power of two

- Report TCP delayed ack timer information via socket diag

- Add ip_local_port_step_width sysctl to allow distributing the
randomly selected ports more evenly throughout the allowed space

- Add support for per-route tunsrc in IPv6 segment routing

- Start work of switching sockopt handling to iov_iter

- Improve dynamic recvbuf sizing in MPTCP, limit burstiness and avoid
buffer size drifting up

- Support MSG_EOR in MPTCP

- Add stp_mode attribute to the bridge driver for STP mode selection.
This addresses concerns about call_usermodehelper() usage

- Remove UDP-Lite support (as announced in 2023)

- Remove support for building IPv6 as a module. Remove the now
unnecessary function calling indirection

Cross-tree stuff:

- Move Michael MIC code from generic crypto into wireless, it's
considered insecure but some WiFi networks still need it

Netfilter:

- Switch nft_fib_ipv6 module to no longer need temporary dst_entry
object allocations by using fib6_lookup() + RCU.

Florian W reports this gets us ~13% higher packet rate

- Convert IPVS's global __ip_vs_mutex to per-net service_mutex and
switch the service tables to be per-net. Convert some code that
walks the service lists to use RCU instead of the service_mutex

- Add more opinionated input validation to lower security exposure

- Make IPVS hash tables to be per-netns and resizable

Wireless:

- Finished assoc frame encryption/EPPKE/802.1X-over-auth

- Radar detection improvements

- Add 6 GHz incumbent signal detection APIs

- Multi-link support for FILS, probe response templates and client
probing

- New APIs and mac80211 support for NAN (Neighbor Aware Networking,
aka Wi-Fi Aware) so less work must be in firmware

Driver API:

- Add numerical ID for devlink instances (to avoid having to create
fake bus/device pairs just to have an ID). Support shared devlink
instances which span multiple PFs

- Add standard counters for reporting pause storm events (implement
in mlx5 and fbnic)

- Add configuration API for completion writeback buffering (implement
in mana)

- Support driver-initiated change of RSS context sizes

- Support DPLL monitoring input frequency (implement in zl3073x)

- Support per-port resources in devlink (implement in mlx5)

Misc:

- Expand the YAML spec for Netfilter

Drivers

- Software:
- macvlan: support multicast rx for bridge ports with shared
source MAC address
- team: decouple receive and transmit enablement for IEEE 802.3ad
LACP "independent control"

- Ethernet high-speed NICs:
- nVidia/Mellanox:
- support high order pages in zero-copy mode (for payload
coalescing)
- support multiple packets in a page (for systems with 64kB
pages)
- Broadcom 25-400GE (bnxt):
- implement XDP RSS hash metadata extraction
- add software fallback for UDP GSO, lowering the IOMMU cost
- Broadcom 800GE (bnge):
- add link status and configuration handling
- add various HW and SW statistics
- Marvell/Cavium:
- NPC HW block support for cn20k
- Huawei (hinic3):
- add mailbox / control queue
- add rx VLAN offload
- add driver info and link management

- Ethernet NICs:
- Marvell/Aquantia:
- support reading SFP module info on some AQC100 cards
- Realtek PCI (r8169):
- add support for RTL8125cp
- Realtek USB (r8152):
- support for the RTL8157 5Gbit chip
- add 2500baseT EEE status/configuration support

- Ethernet NICs embedded and off-the-shelf IP:
- Synopsys (stmmac):
- cleanup and reorganize SerDes handling and PCS support
- cleanup descriptor handling and per-platform data
- cleanup and consolidate MDIO defines and handling
- shrink driver memory use for internal structures
- improve Tx IRQ coalescing
- improve TCP segmentation handling
- add support for Spacemit K3
- Cadence (macb):
- support PHYs that have inband autoneg disabled with GEM
- support IEEE 802.3az EEE
- rework usrio capabilities and handling
- AMD (xgbe):
- improve power management for S0i3
- improve TX resilience for link-down handling

- Virtual:
- Google cloud vNIC:
- support larger ring sizes in DQO-QPL mode
- improve HW-GRO handling
- support UDP GSO for DQO format
- PCIe NTB:
- support queue count configuration

- Ethernet PHYs:
- automatically disable PHY autonomous EEE if MAC is in charge
- Broadcom:
- add BCM84891/BCM84892 support
- Micrel:
- support for LAN9645X internal PHY
- Realtek:
- add RTL8224 pair order support
- support PHY LEDs on RTL8211F-VD
- support spread spectrum clocking (SSC)
- Maxlinear:
- add PHY-level statistics via ethtool

- Ethernet switches:
- Maxlinear (mxl862xx):
- support for bridge offloading
- support for VLANs
- support driver statistics

- Bluetooth:
- large number of fixes and new device IDs
- Mediatek:
- support MT6639 (MT7927)
- support MT7902 SDIO

- WiFi:
- Intel (iwlwifi):
- UNII-9 and continuing UHR work
- MediaTek (mt76):
- mt7996/mt7925 MLO fixes/improvements
- mt7996 NPU support (HW eth/wifi traffic offload)
- Qualcomm (ath12k):
- monitor mode support on IPQ5332
- basic hwmon temperature reporting
- support IPQ5424
- Realtek:
- add USB RX aggregation to improve performance
- add USB TX flow control by tracking in-flight URBs

- Cellular:
- IPA v5.2 support"

* tag 'net-next-7.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1561 commits)
net: pse-pd: fix kernel-doc function name for pse_control_find_by_id()
wireguard: device: use exit_rtnl callback instead of manual rtnl_lock in pre_exit
wireguard: allowedips: remove redundant space
tools: ynl: add sample for wireguard
wireguard: allowedips: Use kfree_rcu() instead of call_rcu()
MAINTAINERS: Add netkit selftest files
selftests/net: Add additional test coverage in nk_qlease
selftests/net: Split netdevsim tests from HW tests in nk_qlease
tools/ynl: Make YnlFamily closeable as a context manager
net: airoha: Add missing PPE configurations in airoha_ppe_hw_init()
net: airoha: Fix VIP configuration for AN7583 SoC
net: caif: clear client service pointer on teardown
net: strparser: fix skb_head leak in strp_abort_strp()
net: usb: cdc-phonet: fix skb frags[] overflow in rx_complete()
selftests/bpf: add test for xdp_master_redirect with bond not up
net, bpf: fix null-ptr-deref in xdp_master_redirect() for down master
net: airoha: Remove PCE_MC_EN_MASK bit in REG_FE_PCE_CFG configuration
sctp: disable BH before calling udp_tunnel_xmit_skb()
sctp: fix missing encap_port propagation for GSO fragments
net: airoha: Rely on net_device pointer in ETS callbacks
...

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selftests/fsmount_ns: add missing TARGETS and fix cap test

Add missing top-level kselftest TARGETS entries for empty_mntns and
fsmount_ns so that 'make kselftest' discovers and runs these tests.

Fi

selftests/fsmount_ns: add missing TARGETS and fix cap test

Add missing top-level kselftest TARGETS entries for empty_mntns and
fsmount_ns so that 'make kselftest' discovers and runs these tests.

Fix requires_cap_sys_admin test which always SKIPped because fsopen()
was called after enter_userns(), where CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the mount
namespace's user_ns is unavailable. Move fsopen/fsconfig before fork so
the configured fs_fd is inherited by the child, which then only needs to
call fsmount() after dropping privileges.

Fixes: 3ac7ea91f3d0 ("selftests: add FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE tests")
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>

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selftests: Preserve subtarget failures in all/install

Track failures explicitly in the top-level selftests all/install loops.

The current code multiplies `ret` by each sub-make exit status. For
exa

selftests: Preserve subtarget failures in all/install

Track failures explicitly in the top-level selftests all/install loops.

The current code multiplies `ret` by each sub-make exit status. For
example, with `TARGETS=net`, the implicit `net/lib` dependency runs after
`net`, so a failed `net` build can be followed by a successful `net/lib`
build and reset the final result to success.

Set `ret` to 1 on any non-zero sub-make exit code and keep it sticky, so
the top-level make returns failure when any selected selftest target
fails.

Signed-off-by: Ricardo B. Marlière <rbm@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260320-selftests-fixes-v1-5-79144f76be01@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>

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selftests: net: add tests for PPP

Add ping and iperf3 tests for ppp_async.c and pppoe.c.

Signed-off-by: Qingfang Deng <qingfang.deng@linux.dev>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260403034908.30017-1

selftests: net: add tests for PPP

Add ping and iperf3 tests for ppp_async.c and pppoe.c.

Signed-off-by: Qingfang Deng <qingfang.deng@linux.dev>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260403034908.30017-1-qingfang.deng@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>

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