xref: /linux/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c (revision e2683c8868d03382da7e1ce8453b543a043066d1)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
6  */
7 #include "test_util.h"
8 #include "kvm_util.h"
9 #include "processor.h"
10 #include "ucall_common.h"
11 
12 #include <assert.h>
13 #include <sched.h>
14 #include <sys/mman.h>
15 #include <sys/resource.h>
16 #include <sys/types.h>
17 #include <sys/stat.h>
18 #include <unistd.h>
19 #include <linux/kernel.h>
20 
21 #define KVM_UTIL_MIN_PFN	2
22 
23 uint32_t guest_random_seed;
24 struct guest_random_state guest_rng;
25 static uint32_t last_guest_seed;
26 
27 static size_t vcpu_mmap_sz(void);
28 
29 int __open_path_or_exit(const char *path, int flags, const char *enoent_help)
30 {
31 	int fd;
32 
33 	fd = open(path, flags);
34 	if (fd < 0)
35 		goto error;
36 
37 	return fd;
38 
39 error:
40 	if (errno == EACCES || errno == ENOENT)
41 		ksft_exit_skip("- Cannot open '%s': %s.  %s\n",
42 			       path, strerror(errno),
43 			       errno == EACCES ? "Root required?" : enoent_help);
44 	TEST_FAIL("Failed to open '%s'", path);
45 }
46 
47 int open_path_or_exit(const char *path, int flags)
48 {
49 	return __open_path_or_exit(path, flags, "");
50 }
51 
52 /*
53  * Open KVM_DEV_PATH if available, otherwise exit the entire program.
54  *
55  * Input Args:
56  *   flags - The flags to pass when opening KVM_DEV_PATH.
57  *
58  * Return:
59  *   The opened file descriptor of /dev/kvm.
60  */
61 static int _open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit(int flags)
62 {
63 	return __open_path_or_exit(KVM_DEV_PATH, flags, "Is KVM loaded and enabled?");
64 }
65 
66 int open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit(void)
67 {
68 	return _open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit(O_RDONLY);
69 }
70 
71 static ssize_t get_module_param(const char *module_name, const char *param,
72 				void *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
73 {
74 	const int path_size = 128;
75 	char path[path_size];
76 	ssize_t bytes_read;
77 	int fd, r;
78 
79 	/* Verify KVM is loaded, to provide a more helpful SKIP message. */
80 	close(open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit());
81 
82 	r = snprintf(path, path_size, "/sys/module/%s/parameters/%s",
83 		     module_name, param);
84 	TEST_ASSERT(r < path_size,
85 		    "Failed to construct sysfs path in %d bytes.", path_size);
86 
87 	fd = open_path_or_exit(path, O_RDONLY);
88 
89 	bytes_read = read(fd, buffer, buffer_size);
90 	TEST_ASSERT(bytes_read > 0, "read(%s) returned %ld, wanted %ld bytes",
91 		    path, bytes_read, buffer_size);
92 
93 	r = close(fd);
94 	TEST_ASSERT(!r, "close(%s) failed", path);
95 	return bytes_read;
96 }
97 
98 int kvm_get_module_param_integer(const char *module_name, const char *param)
99 {
100 	/*
101 	 * 16 bytes to hold a 64-bit value (1 byte per char), 1 byte for the
102 	 * NUL char, and 1 byte because the kernel sucks and inserts a newline
103 	 * at the end.
104 	 */
105 	char value[16 + 1 + 1];
106 	ssize_t r;
107 
108 	memset(value, '\0', sizeof(value));
109 
110 	r = get_module_param(module_name, param, value, sizeof(value));
111 	TEST_ASSERT(value[r - 1] == '\n',
112 		    "Expected trailing newline, got char '%c'", value[r - 1]);
113 
114 	/*
115 	 * Squash the newline, otherwise atoi_paranoid() will complain about
116 	 * trailing non-NUL characters in the string.
117 	 */
118 	value[r - 1] = '\0';
119 	return atoi_paranoid(value);
120 }
121 
122 bool kvm_get_module_param_bool(const char *module_name, const char *param)
123 {
124 	char value;
125 	ssize_t r;
126 
127 	r = get_module_param(module_name, param, &value, sizeof(value));
128 	TEST_ASSERT_EQ(r, 1);
129 
130 	if (value == 'Y')
131 		return true;
132 	else if (value == 'N')
133 		return false;
134 
135 	TEST_FAIL("Unrecognized value '%c' for boolean module param", value);
136 }
137 
138 /*
139  * Capability
140  *
141  * Input Args:
142  *   cap - Capability
143  *
144  * Output Args: None
145  *
146  * Return:
147  *   On success, the Value corresponding to the capability (KVM_CAP_*)
148  *   specified by the value of cap.  On failure a TEST_ASSERT failure
149  *   is produced.
150  *
151  * Looks up and returns the value corresponding to the capability
152  * (KVM_CAP_*) given by cap.
153  */
154 unsigned int kvm_check_cap(long cap)
155 {
156 	int ret;
157 	int kvm_fd;
158 
159 	kvm_fd = open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit();
160 	ret = __kvm_ioctl(kvm_fd, KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION, (void *)cap);
161 	TEST_ASSERT(ret >= 0, KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION, ret));
162 
163 	close(kvm_fd);
164 
165 	return (unsigned int)ret;
166 }
167 
168 void vm_enable_dirty_ring(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t ring_size)
169 {
170 	if (vm_check_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING_ACQ_REL))
171 		vm_enable_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING_ACQ_REL, ring_size);
172 	else
173 		vm_enable_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING, ring_size);
174 	vm->dirty_ring_size = ring_size;
175 }
176 
177 static void vm_open(struct kvm_vm *vm)
178 {
179 	vm->kvm_fd = _open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit(O_RDWR);
180 
181 	TEST_REQUIRE(kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_IMMEDIATE_EXIT));
182 
183 	vm->fd = __kvm_ioctl(vm->kvm_fd, KVM_CREATE_VM, (void *)vm->type);
184 	TEST_ASSERT(vm->fd >= 0, KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(KVM_CREATE_VM, vm->fd));
185 
186 	if (kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_BINARY_STATS_FD))
187 		vm->stats.fd = vm_get_stats_fd(vm);
188 	else
189 		vm->stats.fd = -1;
190 }
191 
192 const char *vm_guest_mode_string(uint32_t i)
193 {
194 	static const char * const strings[] = {
195 		[VM_MODE_P52V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:52,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
196 		[VM_MODE_P52V48_16K]	= "PA-bits:52,  VA-bits:48, 16K pages",
197 		[VM_MODE_P52V48_64K]	= "PA-bits:52,  VA-bits:48, 64K pages",
198 		[VM_MODE_P48V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:48,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
199 		[VM_MODE_P48V48_16K]	= "PA-bits:48,  VA-bits:48, 16K pages",
200 		[VM_MODE_P48V48_64K]	= "PA-bits:48,  VA-bits:48, 64K pages",
201 		[VM_MODE_P40V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:40,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
202 		[VM_MODE_P40V48_16K]	= "PA-bits:40,  VA-bits:48, 16K pages",
203 		[VM_MODE_P40V48_64K]	= "PA-bits:40,  VA-bits:48, 64K pages",
204 		[VM_MODE_PXXVYY_4K]	= "PA-bits:ANY, VA-bits:48 or 57, 4K pages",
205 		[VM_MODE_P47V64_4K]	= "PA-bits:47,  VA-bits:64,  4K pages",
206 		[VM_MODE_P44V64_4K]	= "PA-bits:44,  VA-bits:64,  4K pages",
207 		[VM_MODE_P36V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:36,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
208 		[VM_MODE_P36V48_16K]	= "PA-bits:36,  VA-bits:48, 16K pages",
209 		[VM_MODE_P36V48_64K]	= "PA-bits:36,  VA-bits:48, 64K pages",
210 		[VM_MODE_P47V47_16K]	= "PA-bits:47,  VA-bits:47, 16K pages",
211 		[VM_MODE_P36V47_16K]	= "PA-bits:36,  VA-bits:47, 16K pages",
212 		[VM_MODE_P56V57_4K]	= "PA-bits:56,  VA-bits:57,  4K pages",
213 		[VM_MODE_P56V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:56,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
214 		[VM_MODE_P56V39_4K]	= "PA-bits:56,  VA-bits:39,  4K pages",
215 		[VM_MODE_P50V57_4K]	= "PA-bits:50,  VA-bits:57,  4K pages",
216 		[VM_MODE_P50V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:50,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
217 		[VM_MODE_P50V39_4K]	= "PA-bits:50,  VA-bits:39,  4K pages",
218 		[VM_MODE_P41V57_4K]	= "PA-bits:41,  VA-bits:57,  4K pages",
219 		[VM_MODE_P41V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:41,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
220 		[VM_MODE_P41V39_4K]	= "PA-bits:41,  VA-bits:39,  4K pages",
221 	};
222 	_Static_assert(sizeof(strings)/sizeof(char *) == NUM_VM_MODES,
223 		       "Missing new mode strings?");
224 
225 	TEST_ASSERT(i < NUM_VM_MODES, "Guest mode ID %d too big", i);
226 
227 	return strings[i];
228 }
229 
230 const struct vm_guest_mode_params vm_guest_mode_params[] = {
231 	[VM_MODE_P52V48_4K]	= { 52, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
232 	[VM_MODE_P52V48_16K]	= { 52, 48,  0x4000, 14 },
233 	[VM_MODE_P52V48_64K]	= { 52, 48, 0x10000, 16 },
234 	[VM_MODE_P48V48_4K]	= { 48, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
235 	[VM_MODE_P48V48_16K]	= { 48, 48,  0x4000, 14 },
236 	[VM_MODE_P48V48_64K]	= { 48, 48, 0x10000, 16 },
237 	[VM_MODE_P40V48_4K]	= { 40, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
238 	[VM_MODE_P40V48_16K]	= { 40, 48,  0x4000, 14 },
239 	[VM_MODE_P40V48_64K]	= { 40, 48, 0x10000, 16 },
240 	[VM_MODE_PXXVYY_4K]	= {  0,  0,  0x1000, 12 },
241 	[VM_MODE_P47V64_4K]	= { 47, 64,  0x1000, 12 },
242 	[VM_MODE_P44V64_4K]	= { 44, 64,  0x1000, 12 },
243 	[VM_MODE_P36V48_4K]	= { 36, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
244 	[VM_MODE_P36V48_16K]	= { 36, 48,  0x4000, 14 },
245 	[VM_MODE_P36V48_64K]	= { 36, 48, 0x10000, 16 },
246 	[VM_MODE_P47V47_16K]	= { 47, 47,  0x4000, 14 },
247 	[VM_MODE_P36V47_16K]	= { 36, 47,  0x4000, 14 },
248 	[VM_MODE_P56V57_4K]	= { 56, 57,  0x1000, 12 },
249 	[VM_MODE_P56V48_4K]	= { 56, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
250 	[VM_MODE_P56V39_4K]	= { 56, 39,  0x1000, 12 },
251 	[VM_MODE_P50V57_4K]	= { 50, 57,  0x1000, 12 },
252 	[VM_MODE_P50V48_4K]	= { 50, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
253 	[VM_MODE_P50V39_4K]	= { 50, 39,  0x1000, 12 },
254 	[VM_MODE_P41V57_4K]	= { 41, 57,  0x1000, 12 },
255 	[VM_MODE_P41V48_4K]	= { 41, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
256 	[VM_MODE_P41V39_4K]	= { 41, 39,  0x1000, 12 },
257 };
258 _Static_assert(sizeof(vm_guest_mode_params)/sizeof(struct vm_guest_mode_params) == NUM_VM_MODES,
259 	       "Missing new mode params?");
260 
261 /*
262  * Initializes vm->vpages_valid to match the canonical VA space of the
263  * architecture.
264  *
265  * The default implementation is valid for architectures which split the
266  * range addressed by a single page table into a low and high region
267  * based on the MSB of the VA. On architectures with this behavior
268  * the VA region spans [0, 2^(va_bits - 1)), [-(2^(va_bits - 1), -1].
269  */
270 __weak void vm_vaddr_populate_bitmap(struct kvm_vm *vm)
271 {
272 	sparsebit_set_num(vm->vpages_valid,
273 		0, (1ULL << (vm->va_bits - 1)) >> vm->page_shift);
274 	sparsebit_set_num(vm->vpages_valid,
275 		(~((1ULL << (vm->va_bits - 1)) - 1)) >> vm->page_shift,
276 		(1ULL << (vm->va_bits - 1)) >> vm->page_shift);
277 }
278 
279 struct kvm_vm *____vm_create(struct vm_shape shape)
280 {
281 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
282 
283 	vm = calloc(1, sizeof(*vm));
284 	TEST_ASSERT(vm != NULL, "Insufficient Memory");
285 
286 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vm->vcpus);
287 	vm->regions.gpa_tree = RB_ROOT;
288 	vm->regions.hva_tree = RB_ROOT;
289 	hash_init(vm->regions.slot_hash);
290 
291 	vm->mode = shape.mode;
292 	vm->type = shape.type;
293 
294 	vm->pa_bits = vm_guest_mode_params[vm->mode].pa_bits;
295 	vm->va_bits = vm_guest_mode_params[vm->mode].va_bits;
296 	vm->page_size = vm_guest_mode_params[vm->mode].page_size;
297 	vm->page_shift = vm_guest_mode_params[vm->mode].page_shift;
298 
299 	/* Setup mode specific traits. */
300 	switch (vm->mode) {
301 	case VM_MODE_P52V48_4K:
302 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 4;
303 		break;
304 	case VM_MODE_P52V48_64K:
305 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 3;
306 		break;
307 	case VM_MODE_P48V48_4K:
308 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 4;
309 		break;
310 	case VM_MODE_P48V48_64K:
311 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 3;
312 		break;
313 	case VM_MODE_P40V48_4K:
314 	case VM_MODE_P36V48_4K:
315 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 4;
316 		break;
317 	case VM_MODE_P40V48_64K:
318 	case VM_MODE_P36V48_64K:
319 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 3;
320 		break;
321 	case VM_MODE_P52V48_16K:
322 	case VM_MODE_P48V48_16K:
323 	case VM_MODE_P40V48_16K:
324 	case VM_MODE_P36V48_16K:
325 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 4;
326 		break;
327 	case VM_MODE_P47V47_16K:
328 	case VM_MODE_P36V47_16K:
329 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 3;
330 		break;
331 	case VM_MODE_PXXVYY_4K:
332 #ifdef __x86_64__
333 		kvm_get_cpu_address_width(&vm->pa_bits, &vm->va_bits);
334 		kvm_init_vm_address_properties(vm);
335 
336 		pr_debug("Guest physical address width detected: %d\n",
337 			 vm->pa_bits);
338 		pr_debug("Guest virtual address width detected: %d\n",
339 			 vm->va_bits);
340 
341 		if (vm->va_bits == 57) {
342 			vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 5;
343 		} else {
344 			TEST_ASSERT(vm->va_bits == 48,
345 				    "Unexpected guest virtual address width: %d",
346 				    vm->va_bits);
347 			vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 4;
348 		}
349 #else
350 		TEST_FAIL("VM_MODE_PXXVYY_4K not supported on non-x86 platforms");
351 #endif
352 		break;
353 	case VM_MODE_P47V64_4K:
354 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 5;
355 		break;
356 	case VM_MODE_P44V64_4K:
357 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 5;
358 		break;
359 	case VM_MODE_P56V57_4K:
360 	case VM_MODE_P50V57_4K:
361 	case VM_MODE_P41V57_4K:
362 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 5;
363 		break;
364 	case VM_MODE_P56V48_4K:
365 	case VM_MODE_P50V48_4K:
366 	case VM_MODE_P41V48_4K:
367 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 4;
368 		break;
369 	case VM_MODE_P56V39_4K:
370 	case VM_MODE_P50V39_4K:
371 	case VM_MODE_P41V39_4K:
372 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 3;
373 		break;
374 	default:
375 		TEST_FAIL("Unknown guest mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);
376 	}
377 
378 #ifdef __aarch64__
379 	TEST_ASSERT(!vm->type, "ARM doesn't support test-provided types");
380 	if (vm->pa_bits != 40)
381 		vm->type = KVM_VM_TYPE_ARM_IPA_SIZE(vm->pa_bits);
382 #endif
383 
384 	vm_open(vm);
385 
386 	/* Limit to VA-bit canonical virtual addresses. */
387 	vm->vpages_valid = sparsebit_alloc();
388 	vm_vaddr_populate_bitmap(vm);
389 
390 	/* Limit physical addresses to PA-bits. */
391 	vm->max_gfn = vm_compute_max_gfn(vm);
392 
393 	/* Allocate and setup memory for guest. */
394 	vm->vpages_mapped = sparsebit_alloc();
395 
396 	return vm;
397 }
398 
399 static uint64_t vm_nr_pages_required(enum vm_guest_mode mode,
400 				     uint32_t nr_runnable_vcpus,
401 				     uint64_t extra_mem_pages)
402 {
403 	uint64_t page_size = vm_guest_mode_params[mode].page_size;
404 	uint64_t nr_pages;
405 
406 	TEST_ASSERT(nr_runnable_vcpus,
407 		    "Use vm_create_barebones() for VMs that _never_ have vCPUs");
408 
409 	TEST_ASSERT(nr_runnable_vcpus <= kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPUS),
410 		    "nr_vcpus = %d too large for host, max-vcpus = %d",
411 		    nr_runnable_vcpus, kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPUS));
412 
413 	/*
414 	 * Arbitrarily allocate 512 pages (2mb when page size is 4kb) for the
415 	 * test code and other per-VM assets that will be loaded into memslot0.
416 	 */
417 	nr_pages = 512;
418 
419 	/* Account for the per-vCPU stacks on behalf of the test. */
420 	nr_pages += nr_runnable_vcpus * DEFAULT_STACK_PGS;
421 
422 	/*
423 	 * Account for the number of pages needed for the page tables.  The
424 	 * maximum page table size for a memory region will be when the
425 	 * smallest page size is used. Considering each page contains x page
426 	 * table descriptors, the total extra size for page tables (for extra
427 	 * N pages) will be: N/x+N/x^2+N/x^3+... which is definitely smaller
428 	 * than N/x*2.
429 	 */
430 	nr_pages += (nr_pages + extra_mem_pages) / PTES_PER_MIN_PAGE * 2;
431 
432 	/* Account for the number of pages needed by ucall. */
433 	nr_pages += ucall_nr_pages_required(page_size);
434 
435 	return vm_adjust_num_guest_pages(mode, nr_pages);
436 }
437 
438 void kvm_set_files_rlimit(uint32_t nr_vcpus)
439 {
440 	/*
441 	 * Each vCPU will open two file descriptors: the vCPU itself and the
442 	 * vCPU's binary stats file descriptor.  Add an arbitrary amount of
443 	 * buffer for all other files a test may open.
444 	 */
445 	int nr_fds_wanted = nr_vcpus * 2 + 100;
446 	struct rlimit rl;
447 
448 	/*
449 	 * Check that we're allowed to open nr_fds_wanted file descriptors and
450 	 * try raising the limits if needed.
451 	 */
452 	TEST_ASSERT(!getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl), "getrlimit() failed!");
453 
454 	if (rl.rlim_cur < nr_fds_wanted) {
455 		rl.rlim_cur = nr_fds_wanted;
456 		if (rl.rlim_max < nr_fds_wanted) {
457 			int old_rlim_max = rl.rlim_max;
458 
459 			rl.rlim_max = nr_fds_wanted;
460 			__TEST_REQUIRE(setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0,
461 				       "RLIMIT_NOFILE hard limit is too low (%d, wanted %d)",
462 				       old_rlim_max, nr_fds_wanted);
463 		} else {
464 			TEST_ASSERT(!setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl), "setrlimit() failed!");
465 		}
466 	}
467 
468 }
469 
470 static bool is_guest_memfd_required(struct vm_shape shape)
471 {
472 #ifdef __x86_64__
473 	return shape.type == KVM_X86_SNP_VM;
474 #else
475 	return false;
476 #endif
477 }
478 
479 struct kvm_vm *__vm_create(struct vm_shape shape, uint32_t nr_runnable_vcpus,
480 			   uint64_t nr_extra_pages)
481 {
482 	uint64_t nr_pages = vm_nr_pages_required(shape.mode, nr_runnable_vcpus,
483 						 nr_extra_pages);
484 	struct userspace_mem_region *slot0;
485 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
486 	int i, flags;
487 
488 	kvm_set_files_rlimit(nr_runnable_vcpus);
489 
490 	pr_debug("%s: mode='%s' type='%d', pages='%ld'\n", __func__,
491 		 vm_guest_mode_string(shape.mode), shape.type, nr_pages);
492 
493 	vm = ____vm_create(shape);
494 
495 	/*
496 	 * Force GUEST_MEMFD for the primary memory region if necessary, e.g.
497 	 * for CoCo VMs that require GUEST_MEMFD backed private memory.
498 	 */
499 	flags = 0;
500 	if (is_guest_memfd_required(shape))
501 		flags |= KVM_MEM_GUEST_MEMFD;
502 
503 	vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS, 0, 0, nr_pages, flags);
504 	for (i = 0; i < NR_MEM_REGIONS; i++)
505 		vm->memslots[i] = 0;
506 
507 	kvm_vm_elf_load(vm, program_invocation_name);
508 
509 	/*
510 	 * TODO: Add proper defines to protect the library's memslots, and then
511 	 * carve out memslot1 for the ucall MMIO address.  KVM treats writes to
512 	 * read-only memslots as MMIO, and creating a read-only memslot for the
513 	 * MMIO region would prevent silently clobbering the MMIO region.
514 	 */
515 	slot0 = memslot2region(vm, 0);
516 	ucall_init(vm, slot0->region.guest_phys_addr + slot0->region.memory_size);
517 
518 	if (guest_random_seed != last_guest_seed) {
519 		pr_info("Random seed: 0x%x\n", guest_random_seed);
520 		last_guest_seed = guest_random_seed;
521 	}
522 	guest_rng = new_guest_random_state(guest_random_seed);
523 	sync_global_to_guest(vm, guest_rng);
524 
525 	kvm_arch_vm_post_create(vm, nr_runnable_vcpus);
526 
527 	return vm;
528 }
529 
530 /*
531  * VM Create with customized parameters
532  *
533  * Input Args:
534  *   mode - VM Mode (e.g. VM_MODE_P52V48_4K)
535  *   nr_vcpus - VCPU count
536  *   extra_mem_pages - Non-slot0 physical memory total size
537  *   guest_code - Guest entry point
538  *   vcpuids - VCPU IDs
539  *
540  * Output Args: None
541  *
542  * Return:
543  *   Pointer to opaque structure that describes the created VM.
544  *
545  * Creates a VM with the mode specified by mode (e.g. VM_MODE_P52V48_4K).
546  * extra_mem_pages is only used to calculate the maximum page table size,
547  * no real memory allocation for non-slot0 memory in this function.
548  */
549 struct kvm_vm *__vm_create_with_vcpus(struct vm_shape shape, uint32_t nr_vcpus,
550 				      uint64_t extra_mem_pages,
551 				      void *guest_code, struct kvm_vcpu *vcpus[])
552 {
553 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
554 	int i;
555 
556 	TEST_ASSERT(!nr_vcpus || vcpus, "Must provide vCPU array");
557 
558 	vm = __vm_create(shape, nr_vcpus, extra_mem_pages);
559 
560 	for (i = 0; i < nr_vcpus; ++i)
561 		vcpus[i] = vm_vcpu_add(vm, i, guest_code);
562 
563 	kvm_arch_vm_finalize_vcpus(vm);
564 	return vm;
565 }
566 
567 struct kvm_vm *__vm_create_shape_with_one_vcpu(struct vm_shape shape,
568 					       struct kvm_vcpu **vcpu,
569 					       uint64_t extra_mem_pages,
570 					       void *guest_code)
571 {
572 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpus[1];
573 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
574 
575 	vm = __vm_create_with_vcpus(shape, 1, extra_mem_pages, guest_code, vcpus);
576 
577 	*vcpu = vcpus[0];
578 	return vm;
579 }
580 
581 /*
582  * VM Restart
583  *
584  * Input Args:
585  *   vm - VM that has been released before
586  *
587  * Output Args: None
588  *
589  * Reopens the file descriptors associated to the VM and reinstates the
590  * global state, such as the irqchip and the memory regions that are mapped
591  * into the guest.
592  */
593 void kvm_vm_restart(struct kvm_vm *vmp)
594 {
595 	int ctr;
596 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
597 
598 	vm_open(vmp);
599 	if (vmp->has_irqchip)
600 		vm_create_irqchip(vmp);
601 
602 	hash_for_each(vmp->regions.slot_hash, ctr, region, slot_node) {
603 		int ret = ioctl(vmp->fd, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region->region);
604 
605 		TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 IOCTL failed,\n"
606 			    "  rc: %i errno: %i\n"
607 			    "  slot: %u flags: 0x%x\n"
608 			    "  guest_phys_addr: 0x%llx size: 0x%llx",
609 			    ret, errno, region->region.slot,
610 			    region->region.flags,
611 			    region->region.guest_phys_addr,
612 			    region->region.memory_size);
613 	}
614 }
615 
616 __weak struct kvm_vcpu *vm_arch_vcpu_recreate(struct kvm_vm *vm,
617 					      uint32_t vcpu_id)
618 {
619 	return __vm_vcpu_add(vm, vcpu_id);
620 }
621 
622 struct kvm_vcpu *vm_recreate_with_one_vcpu(struct kvm_vm *vm)
623 {
624 	kvm_vm_restart(vm);
625 
626 	return vm_vcpu_recreate(vm, 0);
627 }
628 
629 int __pin_task_to_cpu(pthread_t task, int cpu)
630 {
631 	cpu_set_t cpuset;
632 
633 	CPU_ZERO(&cpuset);
634 	CPU_SET(cpu, &cpuset);
635 
636 	return pthread_setaffinity_np(task, sizeof(cpuset), &cpuset);
637 }
638 
639 static uint32_t parse_pcpu(const char *cpu_str, const cpu_set_t *allowed_mask)
640 {
641 	uint32_t pcpu = atoi_non_negative("CPU number", cpu_str);
642 
643 	TEST_ASSERT(CPU_ISSET(pcpu, allowed_mask),
644 		    "Not allowed to run on pCPU '%d', check cgroups?", pcpu);
645 	return pcpu;
646 }
647 
648 void kvm_print_vcpu_pinning_help(void)
649 {
650 	const char *name = program_invocation_name;
651 
652 	printf(" -c: Pin tasks to physical CPUs.  Takes a list of comma separated\n"
653 	       "     values (target pCPU), one for each vCPU, plus an optional\n"
654 	       "     entry for the main application task (specified via entry\n"
655 	       "     <nr_vcpus + 1>).  If used, entries must be provided for all\n"
656 	       "     vCPUs, i.e. pinning vCPUs is all or nothing.\n\n"
657 	       "     E.g. to create 3 vCPUs, pin vCPU0=>pCPU22, vCPU1=>pCPU23,\n"
658 	       "     vCPU2=>pCPU24, and pin the application task to pCPU50:\n\n"
659 	       "         %s -v 3 -c 22,23,24,50\n\n"
660 	       "     To leave the application task unpinned, drop the final entry:\n\n"
661 	       "         %s -v 3 -c 22,23,24\n\n"
662 	       "     (default: no pinning)\n", name, name);
663 }
664 
665 void kvm_parse_vcpu_pinning(const char *pcpus_string, uint32_t vcpu_to_pcpu[],
666 			    int nr_vcpus)
667 {
668 	cpu_set_t allowed_mask;
669 	char *cpu, *cpu_list;
670 	char delim[2] = ",";
671 	int i, r;
672 
673 	cpu_list = strdup(pcpus_string);
674 	TEST_ASSERT(cpu_list, "strdup() allocation failed.");
675 
676 	r = sched_getaffinity(0, sizeof(allowed_mask), &allowed_mask);
677 	TEST_ASSERT(!r, "sched_getaffinity() failed");
678 
679 	cpu = strtok(cpu_list, delim);
680 
681 	/* 1. Get all pcpus for vcpus. */
682 	for (i = 0; i < nr_vcpus; i++) {
683 		TEST_ASSERT(cpu, "pCPU not provided for vCPU '%d'", i);
684 		vcpu_to_pcpu[i] = parse_pcpu(cpu, &allowed_mask);
685 		cpu = strtok(NULL, delim);
686 	}
687 
688 	/* 2. Check if the main worker needs to be pinned. */
689 	if (cpu) {
690 		pin_self_to_cpu(parse_pcpu(cpu, &allowed_mask));
691 		cpu = strtok(NULL, delim);
692 	}
693 
694 	TEST_ASSERT(!cpu, "pCPU list contains trailing garbage characters '%s'", cpu);
695 	free(cpu_list);
696 }
697 
698 /*
699  * Userspace Memory Region Find
700  *
701  * Input Args:
702  *   vm - Virtual Machine
703  *   start - Starting VM physical address
704  *   end - Ending VM physical address, inclusive.
705  *
706  * Output Args: None
707  *
708  * Return:
709  *   Pointer to overlapping region, NULL if no such region.
710  *
711  * Searches for a region with any physical memory that overlaps with
712  * any portion of the guest physical addresses from start to end
713  * inclusive.  If multiple overlapping regions exist, a pointer to any
714  * of the regions is returned.  Null is returned only when no overlapping
715  * region exists.
716  */
717 static struct userspace_mem_region *
718 userspace_mem_region_find(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t start, uint64_t end)
719 {
720 	struct rb_node *node;
721 
722 	for (node = vm->regions.gpa_tree.rb_node; node; ) {
723 		struct userspace_mem_region *region =
724 			container_of(node, struct userspace_mem_region, gpa_node);
725 		uint64_t existing_start = region->region.guest_phys_addr;
726 		uint64_t existing_end = region->region.guest_phys_addr
727 			+ region->region.memory_size - 1;
728 		if (start <= existing_end && end >= existing_start)
729 			return region;
730 
731 		if (start < existing_start)
732 			node = node->rb_left;
733 		else
734 			node = node->rb_right;
735 	}
736 
737 	return NULL;
738 }
739 
740 static void kvm_stats_release(struct kvm_binary_stats *stats)
741 {
742 	if (stats->fd < 0)
743 		return;
744 
745 	if (stats->desc) {
746 		free(stats->desc);
747 		stats->desc = NULL;
748 	}
749 
750 	kvm_close(stats->fd);
751 	stats->fd = -1;
752 }
753 
754 __weak void vcpu_arch_free(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
755 {
756 
757 }
758 
759 /*
760  * VM VCPU Remove
761  *
762  * Input Args:
763  *   vcpu - VCPU to remove
764  *
765  * Output Args: None
766  *
767  * Return: None, TEST_ASSERT failures for all error conditions
768  *
769  * Removes a vCPU from a VM and frees its resources.
770  */
771 static void vm_vcpu_rm(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
772 {
773 	if (vcpu->dirty_gfns) {
774 		kvm_munmap(vcpu->dirty_gfns, vm->dirty_ring_size);
775 		vcpu->dirty_gfns = NULL;
776 	}
777 
778 	kvm_munmap(vcpu->run, vcpu_mmap_sz());
779 
780 	kvm_close(vcpu->fd);
781 	kvm_stats_release(&vcpu->stats);
782 
783 	list_del(&vcpu->list);
784 
785 	vcpu_arch_free(vcpu);
786 	free(vcpu);
787 }
788 
789 void kvm_vm_release(struct kvm_vm *vmp)
790 {
791 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, *tmp;
792 
793 	list_for_each_entry_safe(vcpu, tmp, &vmp->vcpus, list)
794 		vm_vcpu_rm(vmp, vcpu);
795 
796 	kvm_close(vmp->fd);
797 	kvm_close(vmp->kvm_fd);
798 
799 	/* Free cached stats metadata and close FD */
800 	kvm_stats_release(&vmp->stats);
801 
802 	kvm_arch_vm_release(vmp);
803 }
804 
805 static void __vm_mem_region_delete(struct kvm_vm *vm,
806 				   struct userspace_mem_region *region)
807 {
808 	rb_erase(&region->gpa_node, &vm->regions.gpa_tree);
809 	rb_erase(&region->hva_node, &vm->regions.hva_tree);
810 	hash_del(&region->slot_node);
811 
812 	sparsebit_free(&region->unused_phy_pages);
813 	sparsebit_free(&region->protected_phy_pages);
814 	kvm_munmap(region->mmap_start, region->mmap_size);
815 	if (region->fd >= 0) {
816 		/* There's an extra map when using shared memory. */
817 		kvm_munmap(region->mmap_alias, region->mmap_size);
818 		close(region->fd);
819 	}
820 	if (region->region.guest_memfd >= 0)
821 		close(region->region.guest_memfd);
822 
823 	free(region);
824 }
825 
826 /*
827  * Destroys and frees the VM pointed to by vmp.
828  */
829 void kvm_vm_free(struct kvm_vm *vmp)
830 {
831 	int ctr;
832 	struct hlist_node *node;
833 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
834 
835 	if (vmp == NULL)
836 		return;
837 
838 	/* Free userspace_mem_regions. */
839 	hash_for_each_safe(vmp->regions.slot_hash, ctr, node, region, slot_node)
840 		__vm_mem_region_delete(vmp, region);
841 
842 	/* Free sparsebit arrays. */
843 	sparsebit_free(&vmp->vpages_valid);
844 	sparsebit_free(&vmp->vpages_mapped);
845 
846 	kvm_vm_release(vmp);
847 
848 	/* Free the structure describing the VM. */
849 	free(vmp);
850 }
851 
852 int kvm_memfd_alloc(size_t size, bool hugepages)
853 {
854 	int memfd_flags = MFD_CLOEXEC;
855 	int fd;
856 
857 	if (hugepages)
858 		memfd_flags |= MFD_HUGETLB;
859 
860 	fd = memfd_create("kvm_selftest", memfd_flags);
861 	TEST_ASSERT(fd != -1, __KVM_SYSCALL_ERROR("memfd_create()", fd));
862 
863 	kvm_ftruncate(fd, size);
864 	kvm_fallocate(fd, FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE, 0, size);
865 
866 	return fd;
867 }
868 
869 static void vm_userspace_mem_region_gpa_insert(struct rb_root *gpa_tree,
870 					       struct userspace_mem_region *region)
871 {
872 	struct rb_node **cur, *parent;
873 
874 	for (cur = &gpa_tree->rb_node, parent = NULL; *cur; ) {
875 		struct userspace_mem_region *cregion;
876 
877 		cregion = container_of(*cur, typeof(*cregion), gpa_node);
878 		parent = *cur;
879 		if (region->region.guest_phys_addr <
880 		    cregion->region.guest_phys_addr)
881 			cur = &(*cur)->rb_left;
882 		else {
883 			TEST_ASSERT(region->region.guest_phys_addr !=
884 				    cregion->region.guest_phys_addr,
885 				    "Duplicate GPA in region tree");
886 
887 			cur = &(*cur)->rb_right;
888 		}
889 	}
890 
891 	rb_link_node(&region->gpa_node, parent, cur);
892 	rb_insert_color(&region->gpa_node, gpa_tree);
893 }
894 
895 static void vm_userspace_mem_region_hva_insert(struct rb_root *hva_tree,
896 					       struct userspace_mem_region *region)
897 {
898 	struct rb_node **cur, *parent;
899 
900 	for (cur = &hva_tree->rb_node, parent = NULL; *cur; ) {
901 		struct userspace_mem_region *cregion;
902 
903 		cregion = container_of(*cur, typeof(*cregion), hva_node);
904 		parent = *cur;
905 		if (region->host_mem < cregion->host_mem)
906 			cur = &(*cur)->rb_left;
907 		else {
908 			TEST_ASSERT(region->host_mem !=
909 				    cregion->host_mem,
910 				    "Duplicate HVA in region tree");
911 
912 			cur = &(*cur)->rb_right;
913 		}
914 	}
915 
916 	rb_link_node(&region->hva_node, parent, cur);
917 	rb_insert_color(&region->hva_node, hva_tree);
918 }
919 
920 
921 int __vm_set_user_memory_region(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t slot, uint32_t flags,
922 				uint64_t gpa, uint64_t size, void *hva)
923 {
924 	struct kvm_userspace_memory_region region = {
925 		.slot = slot,
926 		.flags = flags,
927 		.guest_phys_addr = gpa,
928 		.memory_size = size,
929 		.userspace_addr = (uintptr_t)hva,
930 	};
931 
932 	return ioctl(vm->fd, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION, &region);
933 }
934 
935 void vm_set_user_memory_region(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t slot, uint32_t flags,
936 			       uint64_t gpa, uint64_t size, void *hva)
937 {
938 	int ret = __vm_set_user_memory_region(vm, slot, flags, gpa, size, hva);
939 
940 	TEST_ASSERT(!ret, "KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION failed, errno = %d (%s)",
941 		    errno, strerror(errno));
942 }
943 
944 #define TEST_REQUIRE_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2()			\
945 	__TEST_REQUIRE(kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY2),	\
946 		       "KVM selftests now require KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 (introduced in v6.8)")
947 
948 int __vm_set_user_memory_region2(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t slot, uint32_t flags,
949 				 uint64_t gpa, uint64_t size, void *hva,
950 				 uint32_t guest_memfd, uint64_t guest_memfd_offset)
951 {
952 	struct kvm_userspace_memory_region2 region = {
953 		.slot = slot,
954 		.flags = flags,
955 		.guest_phys_addr = gpa,
956 		.memory_size = size,
957 		.userspace_addr = (uintptr_t)hva,
958 		.guest_memfd = guest_memfd,
959 		.guest_memfd_offset = guest_memfd_offset,
960 	};
961 
962 	TEST_REQUIRE_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2();
963 
964 	return ioctl(vm->fd, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region);
965 }
966 
967 void vm_set_user_memory_region2(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t slot, uint32_t flags,
968 				uint64_t gpa, uint64_t size, void *hva,
969 				uint32_t guest_memfd, uint64_t guest_memfd_offset)
970 {
971 	int ret = __vm_set_user_memory_region2(vm, slot, flags, gpa, size, hva,
972 					       guest_memfd, guest_memfd_offset);
973 
974 	TEST_ASSERT(!ret, "KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 failed, errno = %d (%s)",
975 		    errno, strerror(errno));
976 }
977 
978 
979 /* FIXME: This thing needs to be ripped apart and rewritten. */
980 void vm_mem_add(struct kvm_vm *vm, enum vm_mem_backing_src_type src_type,
981 		uint64_t gpa, uint32_t slot, uint64_t npages, uint32_t flags,
982 		int guest_memfd, uint64_t guest_memfd_offset)
983 {
984 	int ret;
985 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
986 	size_t backing_src_pagesz = get_backing_src_pagesz(src_type);
987 	size_t mem_size = npages * vm->page_size;
988 	size_t alignment = 1;
989 
990 	TEST_REQUIRE_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2();
991 
992 	TEST_ASSERT(vm_adjust_num_guest_pages(vm->mode, npages) == npages,
993 		"Number of guest pages is not compatible with the host. "
994 		"Try npages=%d", vm_adjust_num_guest_pages(vm->mode, npages));
995 
996 	TEST_ASSERT((gpa % vm->page_size) == 0, "Guest physical "
997 		"address not on a page boundary.\n"
998 		"  gpa: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
999 		gpa, vm->page_size);
1000 	TEST_ASSERT((((gpa >> vm->page_shift) + npages) - 1)
1001 		<= vm->max_gfn, "Physical range beyond maximum "
1002 		"supported physical address,\n"
1003 		"  gpa: 0x%lx npages: 0x%lx\n"
1004 		"  vm->max_gfn: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
1005 		gpa, npages, vm->max_gfn, vm->page_size);
1006 
1007 	/*
1008 	 * Confirm a mem region with an overlapping address doesn't
1009 	 * already exist.
1010 	 */
1011 	region = (struct userspace_mem_region *) userspace_mem_region_find(
1012 		vm, gpa, (gpa + npages * vm->page_size) - 1);
1013 	if (region != NULL)
1014 		TEST_FAIL("overlapping userspace_mem_region already "
1015 			"exists\n"
1016 			"  requested gpa: 0x%lx npages: 0x%lx page_size: 0x%x\n"
1017 			"  existing gpa: 0x%lx size: 0x%lx",
1018 			gpa, npages, vm->page_size,
1019 			(uint64_t) region->region.guest_phys_addr,
1020 			(uint64_t) region->region.memory_size);
1021 
1022 	/* Confirm no region with the requested slot already exists. */
1023 	hash_for_each_possible(vm->regions.slot_hash, region, slot_node,
1024 			       slot) {
1025 		if (region->region.slot != slot)
1026 			continue;
1027 
1028 		TEST_FAIL("A mem region with the requested slot "
1029 			"already exists.\n"
1030 			"  requested slot: %u paddr: 0x%lx npages: 0x%lx\n"
1031 			"  existing slot: %u paddr: 0x%lx size: 0x%lx",
1032 			slot, gpa, npages, region->region.slot,
1033 			(uint64_t) region->region.guest_phys_addr,
1034 			(uint64_t) region->region.memory_size);
1035 	}
1036 
1037 	/* Allocate and initialize new mem region structure. */
1038 	region = calloc(1, sizeof(*region));
1039 	TEST_ASSERT(region != NULL, "Insufficient Memory");
1040 	region->mmap_size = mem_size;
1041 
1042 	/*
1043 	 * When using THP mmap is not guaranteed to returned a hugepage aligned
1044 	 * address so we have to pad the mmap. Padding is not needed for HugeTLB
1045 	 * because mmap will always return an address aligned to the HugeTLB
1046 	 * page size.
1047 	 */
1048 	if (src_type == VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS_THP)
1049 		alignment = max(backing_src_pagesz, alignment);
1050 
1051 	TEST_ASSERT_EQ(gpa, align_up(gpa, backing_src_pagesz));
1052 
1053 	/* Add enough memory to align up if necessary */
1054 	if (alignment > 1)
1055 		region->mmap_size += alignment;
1056 
1057 	region->fd = -1;
1058 	if (backing_src_is_shared(src_type))
1059 		region->fd = kvm_memfd_alloc(region->mmap_size,
1060 					     src_type == VM_MEM_SRC_SHARED_HUGETLB);
1061 
1062 	region->mmap_start = kvm_mmap(region->mmap_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
1063 				      vm_mem_backing_src_alias(src_type)->flag,
1064 				      region->fd);
1065 
1066 	TEST_ASSERT(!is_backing_src_hugetlb(src_type) ||
1067 		    region->mmap_start == align_ptr_up(region->mmap_start, backing_src_pagesz),
1068 		    "mmap_start %p is not aligned to HugeTLB page size 0x%lx",
1069 		    region->mmap_start, backing_src_pagesz);
1070 
1071 	/* Align host address */
1072 	region->host_mem = align_ptr_up(region->mmap_start, alignment);
1073 
1074 	/* As needed perform madvise */
1075 	if ((src_type == VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS ||
1076 	     src_type == VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS_THP) && thp_configured()) {
1077 		ret = madvise(region->host_mem, mem_size,
1078 			      src_type == VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS ? MADV_NOHUGEPAGE : MADV_HUGEPAGE);
1079 		TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "madvise failed, addr: %p length: 0x%lx src_type: %s",
1080 			    region->host_mem, mem_size,
1081 			    vm_mem_backing_src_alias(src_type)->name);
1082 	}
1083 
1084 	region->backing_src_type = src_type;
1085 
1086 	if (flags & KVM_MEM_GUEST_MEMFD) {
1087 		if (guest_memfd < 0) {
1088 			uint32_t guest_memfd_flags = 0;
1089 			TEST_ASSERT(!guest_memfd_offset,
1090 				    "Offset must be zero when creating new guest_memfd");
1091 			guest_memfd = vm_create_guest_memfd(vm, mem_size, guest_memfd_flags);
1092 		} else {
1093 			/*
1094 			 * Install a unique fd for each memslot so that the fd
1095 			 * can be closed when the region is deleted without
1096 			 * needing to track if the fd is owned by the framework
1097 			 * or by the caller.
1098 			 */
1099 			guest_memfd = kvm_dup(guest_memfd);
1100 		}
1101 
1102 		region->region.guest_memfd = guest_memfd;
1103 		region->region.guest_memfd_offset = guest_memfd_offset;
1104 	} else {
1105 		region->region.guest_memfd = -1;
1106 	}
1107 
1108 	region->unused_phy_pages = sparsebit_alloc();
1109 	if (vm_arch_has_protected_memory(vm))
1110 		region->protected_phy_pages = sparsebit_alloc();
1111 	sparsebit_set_num(region->unused_phy_pages, gpa >> vm->page_shift, npages);
1112 	region->region.slot = slot;
1113 	region->region.flags = flags;
1114 	region->region.guest_phys_addr = gpa;
1115 	region->region.memory_size = npages * vm->page_size;
1116 	region->region.userspace_addr = (uintptr_t) region->host_mem;
1117 	ret = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region->region);
1118 	TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 IOCTL failed,\n"
1119 		"  rc: %i errno: %i\n"
1120 		"  slot: %u flags: 0x%x\n"
1121 		"  guest_phys_addr: 0x%lx size: 0x%llx guest_memfd: %d",
1122 		ret, errno, slot, flags, gpa, region->region.memory_size,
1123 		region->region.guest_memfd);
1124 
1125 	/* Add to quick lookup data structures */
1126 	vm_userspace_mem_region_gpa_insert(&vm->regions.gpa_tree, region);
1127 	vm_userspace_mem_region_hva_insert(&vm->regions.hva_tree, region);
1128 	hash_add(vm->regions.slot_hash, &region->slot_node, slot);
1129 
1130 	/* If shared memory, create an alias. */
1131 	if (region->fd >= 0) {
1132 		region->mmap_alias = kvm_mmap(region->mmap_size,
1133 					      PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
1134 					      vm_mem_backing_src_alias(src_type)->flag,
1135 					      region->fd);
1136 
1137 		/* Align host alias address */
1138 		region->host_alias = align_ptr_up(region->mmap_alias, alignment);
1139 	}
1140 }
1141 
1142 void vm_userspace_mem_region_add(struct kvm_vm *vm,
1143 				 enum vm_mem_backing_src_type src_type,
1144 				 uint64_t gpa, uint32_t slot, uint64_t npages,
1145 				 uint32_t flags)
1146 {
1147 	vm_mem_add(vm, src_type, gpa, slot, npages, flags, -1, 0);
1148 }
1149 
1150 /*
1151  * Memslot to region
1152  *
1153  * Input Args:
1154  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1155  *   memslot - KVM memory slot ID
1156  *
1157  * Output Args: None
1158  *
1159  * Return:
1160  *   Pointer to memory region structure that describe memory region
1161  *   using kvm memory slot ID given by memslot.  TEST_ASSERT failure
1162  *   on error (e.g. currently no memory region using memslot as a KVM
1163  *   memory slot ID).
1164  */
1165 struct userspace_mem_region *
1166 memslot2region(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t memslot)
1167 {
1168 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1169 
1170 	hash_for_each_possible(vm->regions.slot_hash, region, slot_node,
1171 			       memslot)
1172 		if (region->region.slot == memslot)
1173 			return region;
1174 
1175 	fprintf(stderr, "No mem region with the requested slot found,\n"
1176 		"  requested slot: %u\n", memslot);
1177 	fputs("---- vm dump ----\n", stderr);
1178 	vm_dump(stderr, vm, 2);
1179 	TEST_FAIL("Mem region not found");
1180 	return NULL;
1181 }
1182 
1183 /*
1184  * VM Memory Region Flags Set
1185  *
1186  * Input Args:
1187  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1188  *   flags - Starting guest physical address
1189  *
1190  * Output Args: None
1191  *
1192  * Return: None
1193  *
1194  * Sets the flags of the memory region specified by the value of slot,
1195  * to the values given by flags.
1196  */
1197 void vm_mem_region_set_flags(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t slot, uint32_t flags)
1198 {
1199 	int ret;
1200 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1201 
1202 	region = memslot2region(vm, slot);
1203 
1204 	region->region.flags = flags;
1205 
1206 	ret = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region->region);
1207 
1208 	TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 IOCTL failed,\n"
1209 		"  rc: %i errno: %i slot: %u flags: 0x%x",
1210 		ret, errno, slot, flags);
1211 }
1212 
1213 void vm_mem_region_reload(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t slot)
1214 {
1215 	struct userspace_mem_region *region = memslot2region(vm, slot);
1216 	struct kvm_userspace_memory_region2 tmp = region->region;
1217 
1218 	tmp.memory_size = 0;
1219 	vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &tmp);
1220 	vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region->region);
1221 }
1222 
1223 /*
1224  * VM Memory Region Move
1225  *
1226  * Input Args:
1227  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1228  *   slot - Slot of the memory region to move
1229  *   new_gpa - Starting guest physical address
1230  *
1231  * Output Args: None
1232  *
1233  * Return: None
1234  *
1235  * Change the gpa of a memory region.
1236  */
1237 void vm_mem_region_move(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t slot, uint64_t new_gpa)
1238 {
1239 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1240 	int ret;
1241 
1242 	region = memslot2region(vm, slot);
1243 
1244 	region->region.guest_phys_addr = new_gpa;
1245 
1246 	ret = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region->region);
1247 
1248 	TEST_ASSERT(!ret, "KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 failed\n"
1249 		    "ret: %i errno: %i slot: %u new_gpa: 0x%lx",
1250 		    ret, errno, slot, new_gpa);
1251 }
1252 
1253 /*
1254  * VM Memory Region Delete
1255  *
1256  * Input Args:
1257  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1258  *   slot - Slot of the memory region to delete
1259  *
1260  * Output Args: None
1261  *
1262  * Return: None
1263  *
1264  * Delete a memory region.
1265  */
1266 void vm_mem_region_delete(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t slot)
1267 {
1268 	struct userspace_mem_region *region = memslot2region(vm, slot);
1269 
1270 	region->region.memory_size = 0;
1271 	vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region->region);
1272 
1273 	__vm_mem_region_delete(vm, region);
1274 }
1275 
1276 void vm_guest_mem_fallocate(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t base, uint64_t size,
1277 			    bool punch_hole)
1278 {
1279 	const int mode = FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | (punch_hole ? FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE : 0);
1280 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1281 	uint64_t end = base + size;
1282 	uint64_t gpa, len;
1283 	off_t fd_offset;
1284 	int ret;
1285 
1286 	for (gpa = base; gpa < end; gpa += len) {
1287 		uint64_t offset;
1288 
1289 		region = userspace_mem_region_find(vm, gpa, gpa);
1290 		TEST_ASSERT(region && region->region.flags & KVM_MEM_GUEST_MEMFD,
1291 			    "Private memory region not found for GPA 0x%lx", gpa);
1292 
1293 		offset = gpa - region->region.guest_phys_addr;
1294 		fd_offset = region->region.guest_memfd_offset + offset;
1295 		len = min_t(uint64_t, end - gpa, region->region.memory_size - offset);
1296 
1297 		ret = fallocate(region->region.guest_memfd, mode, fd_offset, len);
1298 		TEST_ASSERT(!ret, "fallocate() failed to %s at %lx (len = %lu), fd = %d, mode = %x, offset = %lx",
1299 			    punch_hole ? "punch hole" : "allocate", gpa, len,
1300 			    region->region.guest_memfd, mode, fd_offset);
1301 	}
1302 }
1303 
1304 /* Returns the size of a vCPU's kvm_run structure. */
1305 static size_t vcpu_mmap_sz(void)
1306 {
1307 	int dev_fd, ret;
1308 
1309 	dev_fd = open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit();
1310 
1311 	ret = ioctl(dev_fd, KVM_GET_VCPU_MMAP_SIZE, NULL);
1312 	TEST_ASSERT(ret >= 0 && ret >= sizeof(struct kvm_run),
1313 		    KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(KVM_GET_VCPU_MMAP_SIZE, ret));
1314 
1315 	close(dev_fd);
1316 
1317 	return ret;
1318 }
1319 
1320 static bool vcpu_exists(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpu_id)
1321 {
1322 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
1323 
1324 	list_for_each_entry(vcpu, &vm->vcpus, list) {
1325 		if (vcpu->id == vcpu_id)
1326 			return true;
1327 	}
1328 
1329 	return false;
1330 }
1331 
1332 /*
1333  * Adds a virtual CPU to the VM specified by vm with the ID given by vcpu_id.
1334  * No additional vCPU setup is done.  Returns the vCPU.
1335  */
1336 struct kvm_vcpu *__vm_vcpu_add(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpu_id)
1337 {
1338 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
1339 
1340 	/* Confirm a vcpu with the specified id doesn't already exist. */
1341 	TEST_ASSERT(!vcpu_exists(vm, vcpu_id), "vCPU%d already exists", vcpu_id);
1342 
1343 	/* Allocate and initialize new vcpu structure. */
1344 	vcpu = calloc(1, sizeof(*vcpu));
1345 	TEST_ASSERT(vcpu != NULL, "Insufficient Memory");
1346 
1347 	vcpu->vm = vm;
1348 	vcpu->id = vcpu_id;
1349 	vcpu->fd = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_CREATE_VCPU, (void *)(unsigned long)vcpu_id);
1350 	TEST_ASSERT_VM_VCPU_IOCTL(vcpu->fd >= 0, KVM_CREATE_VCPU, vcpu->fd, vm);
1351 
1352 	TEST_ASSERT(vcpu_mmap_sz() >= sizeof(*vcpu->run), "vcpu mmap size "
1353 		"smaller than expected, vcpu_mmap_sz: %zi expected_min: %zi",
1354 		vcpu_mmap_sz(), sizeof(*vcpu->run));
1355 	vcpu->run = kvm_mmap(vcpu_mmap_sz(), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
1356 			     MAP_SHARED, vcpu->fd);
1357 
1358 	if (kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_BINARY_STATS_FD))
1359 		vcpu->stats.fd = vcpu_get_stats_fd(vcpu);
1360 	else
1361 		vcpu->stats.fd = -1;
1362 
1363 	/* Add to linked-list of VCPUs. */
1364 	list_add(&vcpu->list, &vm->vcpus);
1365 
1366 	return vcpu;
1367 }
1368 
1369 /*
1370  * VM Virtual Address Unused Gap
1371  *
1372  * Input Args:
1373  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1374  *   sz - Size (bytes)
1375  *   vaddr_min - Minimum Virtual Address
1376  *
1377  * Output Args: None
1378  *
1379  * Return:
1380  *   Lowest virtual address at or above vaddr_min, with at least
1381  *   sz unused bytes.  TEST_ASSERT failure if no area of at least
1382  *   size sz is available.
1383  *
1384  * Within the VM specified by vm, locates the lowest starting virtual
1385  * address >= vaddr_min, that has at least sz unallocated bytes.  A
1386  * TEST_ASSERT failure occurs for invalid input or no area of at least
1387  * sz unallocated bytes >= vaddr_min is available.
1388  */
1389 vm_vaddr_t vm_vaddr_unused_gap(struct kvm_vm *vm, size_t sz,
1390 			       vm_vaddr_t vaddr_min)
1391 {
1392 	uint64_t pages = (sz + vm->page_size - 1) >> vm->page_shift;
1393 
1394 	/* Determine lowest permitted virtual page index. */
1395 	uint64_t pgidx_start = (vaddr_min + vm->page_size - 1) >> vm->page_shift;
1396 	if ((pgidx_start * vm->page_size) < vaddr_min)
1397 		goto no_va_found;
1398 
1399 	/* Loop over section with enough valid virtual page indexes. */
1400 	if (!sparsebit_is_set_num(vm->vpages_valid,
1401 		pgidx_start, pages))
1402 		pgidx_start = sparsebit_next_set_num(vm->vpages_valid,
1403 			pgidx_start, pages);
1404 	do {
1405 		/*
1406 		 * Are there enough unused virtual pages available at
1407 		 * the currently proposed starting virtual page index.
1408 		 * If not, adjust proposed starting index to next
1409 		 * possible.
1410 		 */
1411 		if (sparsebit_is_clear_num(vm->vpages_mapped,
1412 			pgidx_start, pages))
1413 			goto va_found;
1414 		pgidx_start = sparsebit_next_clear_num(vm->vpages_mapped,
1415 			pgidx_start, pages);
1416 		if (pgidx_start == 0)
1417 			goto no_va_found;
1418 
1419 		/*
1420 		 * If needed, adjust proposed starting virtual address,
1421 		 * to next range of valid virtual addresses.
1422 		 */
1423 		if (!sparsebit_is_set_num(vm->vpages_valid,
1424 			pgidx_start, pages)) {
1425 			pgidx_start = sparsebit_next_set_num(
1426 				vm->vpages_valid, pgidx_start, pages);
1427 			if (pgidx_start == 0)
1428 				goto no_va_found;
1429 		}
1430 	} while (pgidx_start != 0);
1431 
1432 no_va_found:
1433 	TEST_FAIL("No vaddr of specified pages available, pages: 0x%lx", pages);
1434 
1435 	/* NOT REACHED */
1436 	return -1;
1437 
1438 va_found:
1439 	TEST_ASSERT(sparsebit_is_set_num(vm->vpages_valid,
1440 		pgidx_start, pages),
1441 		"Unexpected, invalid virtual page index range,\n"
1442 		"  pgidx_start: 0x%lx\n"
1443 		"  pages: 0x%lx",
1444 		pgidx_start, pages);
1445 	TEST_ASSERT(sparsebit_is_clear_num(vm->vpages_mapped,
1446 		pgidx_start, pages),
1447 		"Unexpected, pages already mapped,\n"
1448 		"  pgidx_start: 0x%lx\n"
1449 		"  pages: 0x%lx",
1450 		pgidx_start, pages);
1451 
1452 	return pgidx_start * vm->page_size;
1453 }
1454 
1455 static vm_vaddr_t ____vm_vaddr_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, size_t sz,
1456 				     vm_vaddr_t vaddr_min,
1457 				     enum kvm_mem_region_type type,
1458 				     bool protected)
1459 {
1460 	uint64_t pages = (sz >> vm->page_shift) + ((sz % vm->page_size) != 0);
1461 
1462 	virt_pgd_alloc(vm);
1463 	vm_paddr_t paddr = __vm_phy_pages_alloc(vm, pages,
1464 						KVM_UTIL_MIN_PFN * vm->page_size,
1465 						vm->memslots[type], protected);
1466 
1467 	/*
1468 	 * Find an unused range of virtual page addresses of at least
1469 	 * pages in length.
1470 	 */
1471 	vm_vaddr_t vaddr_start = vm_vaddr_unused_gap(vm, sz, vaddr_min);
1472 
1473 	/* Map the virtual pages. */
1474 	for (vm_vaddr_t vaddr = vaddr_start; pages > 0;
1475 		pages--, vaddr += vm->page_size, paddr += vm->page_size) {
1476 
1477 		virt_pg_map(vm, vaddr, paddr);
1478 	}
1479 
1480 	return vaddr_start;
1481 }
1482 
1483 vm_vaddr_t __vm_vaddr_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, size_t sz, vm_vaddr_t vaddr_min,
1484 			    enum kvm_mem_region_type type)
1485 {
1486 	return ____vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, sz, vaddr_min, type,
1487 				  vm_arch_has_protected_memory(vm));
1488 }
1489 
1490 vm_vaddr_t vm_vaddr_alloc_shared(struct kvm_vm *vm, size_t sz,
1491 				 vm_vaddr_t vaddr_min,
1492 				 enum kvm_mem_region_type type)
1493 {
1494 	return ____vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, sz, vaddr_min, type, false);
1495 }
1496 
1497 /*
1498  * VM Virtual Address Allocate
1499  *
1500  * Input Args:
1501  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1502  *   sz - Size in bytes
1503  *   vaddr_min - Minimum starting virtual address
1504  *
1505  * Output Args: None
1506  *
1507  * Return:
1508  *   Starting guest virtual address
1509  *
1510  * Allocates at least sz bytes within the virtual address space of the vm
1511  * given by vm.  The allocated bytes are mapped to a virtual address >=
1512  * the address given by vaddr_min.  Note that each allocation uses a
1513  * a unique set of pages, with the minimum real allocation being at least
1514  * a page. The allocated physical space comes from the TEST_DATA memory region.
1515  */
1516 vm_vaddr_t vm_vaddr_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, size_t sz, vm_vaddr_t vaddr_min)
1517 {
1518 	return __vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, sz, vaddr_min, MEM_REGION_TEST_DATA);
1519 }
1520 
1521 /*
1522  * VM Virtual Address Allocate Pages
1523  *
1524  * Input Args:
1525  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1526  *
1527  * Output Args: None
1528  *
1529  * Return:
1530  *   Starting guest virtual address
1531  *
1532  * Allocates at least N system pages worth of bytes within the virtual address
1533  * space of the vm.
1534  */
1535 vm_vaddr_t vm_vaddr_alloc_pages(struct kvm_vm *vm, int nr_pages)
1536 {
1537 	return vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, nr_pages * getpagesize(), KVM_UTIL_MIN_VADDR);
1538 }
1539 
1540 vm_vaddr_t __vm_vaddr_alloc_page(struct kvm_vm *vm, enum kvm_mem_region_type type)
1541 {
1542 	return __vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, getpagesize(), KVM_UTIL_MIN_VADDR, type);
1543 }
1544 
1545 /*
1546  * VM Virtual Address Allocate Page
1547  *
1548  * Input Args:
1549  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1550  *
1551  * Output Args: None
1552  *
1553  * Return:
1554  *   Starting guest virtual address
1555  *
1556  * Allocates at least one system page worth of bytes within the virtual address
1557  * space of the vm.
1558  */
1559 vm_vaddr_t vm_vaddr_alloc_page(struct kvm_vm *vm)
1560 {
1561 	return vm_vaddr_alloc_pages(vm, 1);
1562 }
1563 
1564 /*
1565  * Map a range of VM virtual address to the VM's physical address
1566  *
1567  * Input Args:
1568  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1569  *   vaddr - Virtuall address to map
1570  *   paddr - VM Physical Address
1571  *   npages - The number of pages to map
1572  *
1573  * Output Args: None
1574  *
1575  * Return: None
1576  *
1577  * Within the VM given by @vm, creates a virtual translation for
1578  * @npages starting at @vaddr to the page range starting at @paddr.
1579  */
1580 void virt_map(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t paddr,
1581 	      unsigned int npages)
1582 {
1583 	size_t page_size = vm->page_size;
1584 	size_t size = npages * page_size;
1585 
1586 	TEST_ASSERT(vaddr + size > vaddr, "Vaddr overflow");
1587 	TEST_ASSERT(paddr + size > paddr, "Paddr overflow");
1588 
1589 	while (npages--) {
1590 		virt_pg_map(vm, vaddr, paddr);
1591 
1592 		vaddr += page_size;
1593 		paddr += page_size;
1594 	}
1595 }
1596 
1597 /*
1598  * Address VM Physical to Host Virtual
1599  *
1600  * Input Args:
1601  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1602  *   gpa - VM physical address
1603  *
1604  * Output Args: None
1605  *
1606  * Return:
1607  *   Equivalent host virtual address
1608  *
1609  * Locates the memory region containing the VM physical address given
1610  * by gpa, within the VM given by vm.  When found, the host virtual
1611  * address providing the memory to the vm physical address is returned.
1612  * A TEST_ASSERT failure occurs if no region containing gpa exists.
1613  */
1614 void *addr_gpa2hva(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_paddr_t gpa)
1615 {
1616 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1617 
1618 	gpa = vm_untag_gpa(vm, gpa);
1619 
1620 	region = userspace_mem_region_find(vm, gpa, gpa);
1621 	if (!region) {
1622 		TEST_FAIL("No vm physical memory at 0x%lx", gpa);
1623 		return NULL;
1624 	}
1625 
1626 	return (void *)((uintptr_t)region->host_mem
1627 		+ (gpa - region->region.guest_phys_addr));
1628 }
1629 
1630 /*
1631  * Address Host Virtual to VM Physical
1632  *
1633  * Input Args:
1634  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1635  *   hva - Host virtual address
1636  *
1637  * Output Args: None
1638  *
1639  * Return:
1640  *   Equivalent VM physical address
1641  *
1642  * Locates the memory region containing the host virtual address given
1643  * by hva, within the VM given by vm.  When found, the equivalent
1644  * VM physical address is returned. A TEST_ASSERT failure occurs if no
1645  * region containing hva exists.
1646  */
1647 vm_paddr_t addr_hva2gpa(struct kvm_vm *vm, void *hva)
1648 {
1649 	struct rb_node *node;
1650 
1651 	for (node = vm->regions.hva_tree.rb_node; node; ) {
1652 		struct userspace_mem_region *region =
1653 			container_of(node, struct userspace_mem_region, hva_node);
1654 
1655 		if (hva >= region->host_mem) {
1656 			if (hva <= (region->host_mem
1657 				+ region->region.memory_size - 1))
1658 				return (vm_paddr_t)((uintptr_t)
1659 					region->region.guest_phys_addr
1660 					+ (hva - (uintptr_t)region->host_mem));
1661 
1662 			node = node->rb_right;
1663 		} else
1664 			node = node->rb_left;
1665 	}
1666 
1667 	TEST_FAIL("No mapping to a guest physical address, hva: %p", hva);
1668 	return -1;
1669 }
1670 
1671 /*
1672  * Address VM physical to Host Virtual *alias*.
1673  *
1674  * Input Args:
1675  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1676  *   gpa - VM physical address
1677  *
1678  * Output Args: None
1679  *
1680  * Return:
1681  *   Equivalent address within the host virtual *alias* area, or NULL
1682  *   (without failing the test) if the guest memory is not shared (so
1683  *   no alias exists).
1684  *
1685  * Create a writable, shared virtual=>physical alias for the specific GPA.
1686  * The primary use case is to allow the host selftest to manipulate guest
1687  * memory without mapping said memory in the guest's address space. And, for
1688  * userfaultfd-based demand paging, to do so without triggering userfaults.
1689  */
1690 void *addr_gpa2alias(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_paddr_t gpa)
1691 {
1692 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1693 	uintptr_t offset;
1694 
1695 	region = userspace_mem_region_find(vm, gpa, gpa);
1696 	if (!region)
1697 		return NULL;
1698 
1699 	if (!region->host_alias)
1700 		return NULL;
1701 
1702 	offset = gpa - region->region.guest_phys_addr;
1703 	return (void *) ((uintptr_t) region->host_alias + offset);
1704 }
1705 
1706 /* Create an interrupt controller chip for the specified VM. */
1707 void vm_create_irqchip(struct kvm_vm *vm)
1708 {
1709 	int r;
1710 
1711 	/*
1712 	 * Allocate a fully in-kernel IRQ chip by default, but fall back to a
1713 	 * split model (x86 only) if that fails (KVM x86 allows compiling out
1714 	 * support for KVM_CREATE_IRQCHIP).
1715 	 */
1716 	r = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_CREATE_IRQCHIP, NULL);
1717 	if (r && errno == ENOTTY && kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_SPLIT_IRQCHIP))
1718 		vm_enable_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_SPLIT_IRQCHIP, 24);
1719 	else
1720 		TEST_ASSERT_VM_VCPU_IOCTL(!r, KVM_CREATE_IRQCHIP, r, vm);
1721 
1722 	vm->has_irqchip = true;
1723 }
1724 
1725 int _vcpu_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
1726 {
1727 	int rc;
1728 
1729 	do {
1730 		rc = __vcpu_run(vcpu);
1731 	} while (rc == -1 && errno == EINTR);
1732 
1733 	if (!rc)
1734 		assert_on_unhandled_exception(vcpu);
1735 
1736 	return rc;
1737 }
1738 
1739 /*
1740  * Invoke KVM_RUN on a vCPU until KVM returns something other than -EINTR.
1741  * Assert if the KVM returns an error (other than -EINTR).
1742  */
1743 void vcpu_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
1744 {
1745 	int ret = _vcpu_run(vcpu);
1746 
1747 	TEST_ASSERT(!ret, KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(KVM_RUN, ret));
1748 }
1749 
1750 void vcpu_run_complete_io(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
1751 {
1752 	int ret;
1753 
1754 	vcpu->run->immediate_exit = 1;
1755 	ret = __vcpu_run(vcpu);
1756 	vcpu->run->immediate_exit = 0;
1757 
1758 	TEST_ASSERT(ret == -1 && errno == EINTR,
1759 		    "KVM_RUN IOCTL didn't exit immediately, rc: %i, errno: %i",
1760 		    ret, errno);
1761 }
1762 
1763 /*
1764  * Get the list of guest registers which are supported for
1765  * KVM_GET_ONE_REG/KVM_SET_ONE_REG ioctls.  Returns a kvm_reg_list pointer,
1766  * it is the caller's responsibility to free the list.
1767  */
1768 struct kvm_reg_list *vcpu_get_reg_list(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
1769 {
1770 	struct kvm_reg_list reg_list_n = { .n = 0 }, *reg_list;
1771 	int ret;
1772 
1773 	ret = __vcpu_ioctl(vcpu, KVM_GET_REG_LIST, &reg_list_n);
1774 	TEST_ASSERT(ret == -1 && errno == E2BIG, "KVM_GET_REG_LIST n=0");
1775 
1776 	reg_list = calloc(1, sizeof(*reg_list) + reg_list_n.n * sizeof(__u64));
1777 	reg_list->n = reg_list_n.n;
1778 	vcpu_ioctl(vcpu, KVM_GET_REG_LIST, reg_list);
1779 	return reg_list;
1780 }
1781 
1782 void *vcpu_map_dirty_ring(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
1783 {
1784 	uint32_t page_size = getpagesize();
1785 	uint32_t size = vcpu->vm->dirty_ring_size;
1786 
1787 	TEST_ASSERT(size > 0, "Should enable dirty ring first");
1788 
1789 	if (!vcpu->dirty_gfns) {
1790 		void *addr;
1791 
1792 		addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, vcpu->fd,
1793 			    page_size * KVM_DIRTY_LOG_PAGE_OFFSET);
1794 		TEST_ASSERT(addr == MAP_FAILED, "Dirty ring mapped private");
1795 
1796 		addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE, vcpu->fd,
1797 			    page_size * KVM_DIRTY_LOG_PAGE_OFFSET);
1798 		TEST_ASSERT(addr == MAP_FAILED, "Dirty ring mapped exec");
1799 
1800 		addr = __kvm_mmap(size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, vcpu->fd,
1801 				  page_size * KVM_DIRTY_LOG_PAGE_OFFSET);
1802 
1803 		vcpu->dirty_gfns = addr;
1804 		vcpu->dirty_gfns_count = size / sizeof(struct kvm_dirty_gfn);
1805 	}
1806 
1807 	return vcpu->dirty_gfns;
1808 }
1809 
1810 /*
1811  * Device Ioctl
1812  */
1813 
1814 int __kvm_has_device_attr(int dev_fd, uint32_t group, uint64_t attr)
1815 {
1816 	struct kvm_device_attr attribute = {
1817 		.group = group,
1818 		.attr = attr,
1819 		.flags = 0,
1820 	};
1821 
1822 	return ioctl(dev_fd, KVM_HAS_DEVICE_ATTR, &attribute);
1823 }
1824 
1825 int __kvm_test_create_device(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t type)
1826 {
1827 	struct kvm_create_device create_dev = {
1828 		.type = type,
1829 		.flags = KVM_CREATE_DEVICE_TEST,
1830 	};
1831 
1832 	return __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_CREATE_DEVICE, &create_dev);
1833 }
1834 
1835 int __kvm_create_device(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t type)
1836 {
1837 	struct kvm_create_device create_dev = {
1838 		.type = type,
1839 		.fd = -1,
1840 		.flags = 0,
1841 	};
1842 	int err;
1843 
1844 	err = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_CREATE_DEVICE, &create_dev);
1845 	TEST_ASSERT(err <= 0, "KVM_CREATE_DEVICE shouldn't return a positive value");
1846 	return err ? : create_dev.fd;
1847 }
1848 
1849 int __kvm_device_attr_get(int dev_fd, uint32_t group, uint64_t attr, void *val)
1850 {
1851 	struct kvm_device_attr kvmattr = {
1852 		.group = group,
1853 		.attr = attr,
1854 		.flags = 0,
1855 		.addr = (uintptr_t)val,
1856 	};
1857 
1858 	return __kvm_ioctl(dev_fd, KVM_GET_DEVICE_ATTR, &kvmattr);
1859 }
1860 
1861 int __kvm_device_attr_set(int dev_fd, uint32_t group, uint64_t attr, void *val)
1862 {
1863 	struct kvm_device_attr kvmattr = {
1864 		.group = group,
1865 		.attr = attr,
1866 		.flags = 0,
1867 		.addr = (uintptr_t)val,
1868 	};
1869 
1870 	return __kvm_ioctl(dev_fd, KVM_SET_DEVICE_ATTR, &kvmattr);
1871 }
1872 
1873 /*
1874  * IRQ related functions.
1875  */
1876 
1877 int _kvm_irq_line(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t irq, int level)
1878 {
1879 	struct kvm_irq_level irq_level = {
1880 		.irq    = irq,
1881 		.level  = level,
1882 	};
1883 
1884 	return __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_IRQ_LINE, &irq_level);
1885 }
1886 
1887 void kvm_irq_line(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t irq, int level)
1888 {
1889 	int ret = _kvm_irq_line(vm, irq, level);
1890 
1891 	TEST_ASSERT(ret >= 0, KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(KVM_IRQ_LINE, ret));
1892 }
1893 
1894 struct kvm_irq_routing *kvm_gsi_routing_create(void)
1895 {
1896 	struct kvm_irq_routing *routing;
1897 	size_t size;
1898 
1899 	size = sizeof(struct kvm_irq_routing);
1900 	/* Allocate space for the max number of entries: this wastes 196 KBs. */
1901 	size += KVM_MAX_IRQ_ROUTES * sizeof(struct kvm_irq_routing_entry);
1902 	routing = calloc(1, size);
1903 	assert(routing);
1904 
1905 	return routing;
1906 }
1907 
1908 void kvm_gsi_routing_irqchip_add(struct kvm_irq_routing *routing,
1909 		uint32_t gsi, uint32_t pin)
1910 {
1911 	int i;
1912 
1913 	assert(routing);
1914 	assert(routing->nr < KVM_MAX_IRQ_ROUTES);
1915 
1916 	i = routing->nr;
1917 	routing->entries[i].gsi = gsi;
1918 	routing->entries[i].type = KVM_IRQ_ROUTING_IRQCHIP;
1919 	routing->entries[i].flags = 0;
1920 	routing->entries[i].u.irqchip.irqchip = 0;
1921 	routing->entries[i].u.irqchip.pin = pin;
1922 	routing->nr++;
1923 }
1924 
1925 int _kvm_gsi_routing_write(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_irq_routing *routing)
1926 {
1927 	int ret;
1928 
1929 	assert(routing);
1930 	ret = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING, routing);
1931 	free(routing);
1932 
1933 	return ret;
1934 }
1935 
1936 void kvm_gsi_routing_write(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_irq_routing *routing)
1937 {
1938 	int ret;
1939 
1940 	ret = _kvm_gsi_routing_write(vm, routing);
1941 	TEST_ASSERT(!ret, KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING, ret));
1942 }
1943 
1944 /*
1945  * VM Dump
1946  *
1947  * Input Args:
1948  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1949  *   indent - Left margin indent amount
1950  *
1951  * Output Args:
1952  *   stream - Output FILE stream
1953  *
1954  * Return: None
1955  *
1956  * Dumps the current state of the VM given by vm, to the FILE stream
1957  * given by stream.
1958  */
1959 void vm_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vm *vm, uint8_t indent)
1960 {
1961 	int ctr;
1962 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1963 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
1964 
1965 	fprintf(stream, "%*smode: 0x%x\n", indent, "", vm->mode);
1966 	fprintf(stream, "%*sfd: %i\n", indent, "", vm->fd);
1967 	fprintf(stream, "%*spage_size: 0x%x\n", indent, "", vm->page_size);
1968 	fprintf(stream, "%*sMem Regions:\n", indent, "");
1969 	hash_for_each(vm->regions.slot_hash, ctr, region, slot_node) {
1970 		fprintf(stream, "%*sguest_phys: 0x%lx size: 0x%lx "
1971 			"host_virt: %p\n", indent + 2, "",
1972 			(uint64_t) region->region.guest_phys_addr,
1973 			(uint64_t) region->region.memory_size,
1974 			region->host_mem);
1975 		fprintf(stream, "%*sunused_phy_pages: ", indent + 2, "");
1976 		sparsebit_dump(stream, region->unused_phy_pages, 0);
1977 		if (region->protected_phy_pages) {
1978 			fprintf(stream, "%*sprotected_phy_pages: ", indent + 2, "");
1979 			sparsebit_dump(stream, region->protected_phy_pages, 0);
1980 		}
1981 	}
1982 	fprintf(stream, "%*sMapped Virtual Pages:\n", indent, "");
1983 	sparsebit_dump(stream, vm->vpages_mapped, indent + 2);
1984 	fprintf(stream, "%*spgd_created: %u\n", indent, "",
1985 		vm->mmu.pgd_created);
1986 	if (vm->mmu.pgd_created) {
1987 		fprintf(stream, "%*sVirtual Translation Tables:\n",
1988 			indent + 2, "");
1989 		virt_dump(stream, vm, indent + 4);
1990 	}
1991 	fprintf(stream, "%*sVCPUs:\n", indent, "");
1992 
1993 	list_for_each_entry(vcpu, &vm->vcpus, list)
1994 		vcpu_dump(stream, vcpu, indent + 2);
1995 }
1996 
1997 #define KVM_EXIT_STRING(x) {KVM_EXIT_##x, #x}
1998 
1999 /* Known KVM exit reasons */
2000 static struct exit_reason {
2001 	unsigned int reason;
2002 	const char *name;
2003 } exit_reasons_known[] = {
2004 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(UNKNOWN),
2005 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(EXCEPTION),
2006 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(IO),
2007 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(HYPERCALL),
2008 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(DEBUG),
2009 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(HLT),
2010 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(MMIO),
2011 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(IRQ_WINDOW_OPEN),
2012 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(SHUTDOWN),
2013 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(FAIL_ENTRY),
2014 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(INTR),
2015 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(SET_TPR),
2016 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(TPR_ACCESS),
2017 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(S390_SIEIC),
2018 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(S390_RESET),
2019 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(DCR),
2020 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(NMI),
2021 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(INTERNAL_ERROR),
2022 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(OSI),
2023 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(PAPR_HCALL),
2024 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(S390_UCONTROL),
2025 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(WATCHDOG),
2026 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(S390_TSCH),
2027 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(EPR),
2028 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(SYSTEM_EVENT),
2029 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(S390_STSI),
2030 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(IOAPIC_EOI),
2031 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(HYPERV),
2032 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(ARM_NISV),
2033 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(X86_RDMSR),
2034 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(X86_WRMSR),
2035 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(DIRTY_RING_FULL),
2036 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(AP_RESET_HOLD),
2037 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(X86_BUS_LOCK),
2038 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(XEN),
2039 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(RISCV_SBI),
2040 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(RISCV_CSR),
2041 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(NOTIFY),
2042 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(LOONGARCH_IOCSR),
2043 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(MEMORY_FAULT),
2044 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(ARM_SEA),
2045 };
2046 
2047 /*
2048  * Exit Reason String
2049  *
2050  * Input Args:
2051  *   exit_reason - Exit reason
2052  *
2053  * Output Args: None
2054  *
2055  * Return:
2056  *   Constant string pointer describing the exit reason.
2057  *
2058  * Locates and returns a constant string that describes the KVM exit
2059  * reason given by exit_reason.  If no such string is found, a constant
2060  * string of "Unknown" is returned.
2061  */
2062 const char *exit_reason_str(unsigned int exit_reason)
2063 {
2064 	unsigned int n1;
2065 
2066 	for (n1 = 0; n1 < ARRAY_SIZE(exit_reasons_known); n1++) {
2067 		if (exit_reason == exit_reasons_known[n1].reason)
2068 			return exit_reasons_known[n1].name;
2069 	}
2070 
2071 	return "Unknown";
2072 }
2073 
2074 /*
2075  * Physical Contiguous Page Allocator
2076  *
2077  * Input Args:
2078  *   vm - Virtual Machine
2079  *   num - number of pages
2080  *   paddr_min - Physical address minimum
2081  *   memslot - Memory region to allocate page from
2082  *   protected - True if the pages will be used as protected/private memory
2083  *
2084  * Output Args: None
2085  *
2086  * Return:
2087  *   Starting physical address
2088  *
2089  * Within the VM specified by vm, locates a range of available physical
2090  * pages at or above paddr_min. If found, the pages are marked as in use
2091  * and their base address is returned. A TEST_ASSERT failure occurs if
2092  * not enough pages are available at or above paddr_min.
2093  */
2094 vm_paddr_t __vm_phy_pages_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, size_t num,
2095 				vm_paddr_t paddr_min, uint32_t memslot,
2096 				bool protected)
2097 {
2098 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
2099 	sparsebit_idx_t pg, base;
2100 
2101 	TEST_ASSERT(num > 0, "Must allocate at least one page");
2102 
2103 	TEST_ASSERT((paddr_min % vm->page_size) == 0, "Min physical address "
2104 		"not divisible by page size.\n"
2105 		"  paddr_min: 0x%lx page_size: 0x%x",
2106 		paddr_min, vm->page_size);
2107 
2108 	region = memslot2region(vm, memslot);
2109 	TEST_ASSERT(!protected || region->protected_phy_pages,
2110 		    "Region doesn't support protected memory");
2111 
2112 	base = pg = paddr_min >> vm->page_shift;
2113 	do {
2114 		for (; pg < base + num; ++pg) {
2115 			if (!sparsebit_is_set(region->unused_phy_pages, pg)) {
2116 				base = pg = sparsebit_next_set(region->unused_phy_pages, pg);
2117 				break;
2118 			}
2119 		}
2120 	} while (pg && pg != base + num);
2121 
2122 	if (pg == 0) {
2123 		fprintf(stderr, "No guest physical page available, "
2124 			"paddr_min: 0x%lx page_size: 0x%x memslot: %u\n",
2125 			paddr_min, vm->page_size, memslot);
2126 		fputs("---- vm dump ----\n", stderr);
2127 		vm_dump(stderr, vm, 2);
2128 		abort();
2129 	}
2130 
2131 	for (pg = base; pg < base + num; ++pg) {
2132 		sparsebit_clear(region->unused_phy_pages, pg);
2133 		if (protected)
2134 			sparsebit_set(region->protected_phy_pages, pg);
2135 	}
2136 
2137 	return base * vm->page_size;
2138 }
2139 
2140 vm_paddr_t vm_phy_page_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_paddr_t paddr_min,
2141 			     uint32_t memslot)
2142 {
2143 	return vm_phy_pages_alloc(vm, 1, paddr_min, memslot);
2144 }
2145 
2146 vm_paddr_t vm_alloc_page_table(struct kvm_vm *vm)
2147 {
2148 	return vm_phy_page_alloc(vm, KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR,
2149 				 vm->memslots[MEM_REGION_PT]);
2150 }
2151 
2152 /*
2153  * Address Guest Virtual to Host Virtual
2154  *
2155  * Input Args:
2156  *   vm - Virtual Machine
2157  *   gva - VM virtual address
2158  *
2159  * Output Args: None
2160  *
2161  * Return:
2162  *   Equivalent host virtual address
2163  */
2164 void *addr_gva2hva(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
2165 {
2166 	return addr_gpa2hva(vm, addr_gva2gpa(vm, gva));
2167 }
2168 
2169 unsigned long __weak vm_compute_max_gfn(struct kvm_vm *vm)
2170 {
2171 	return ((1ULL << vm->pa_bits) >> vm->page_shift) - 1;
2172 }
2173 
2174 static unsigned int vm_calc_num_pages(unsigned int num_pages,
2175 				      unsigned int page_shift,
2176 				      unsigned int new_page_shift,
2177 				      bool ceil)
2178 {
2179 	unsigned int n = 1 << (new_page_shift - page_shift);
2180 
2181 	if (page_shift >= new_page_shift)
2182 		return num_pages * (1 << (page_shift - new_page_shift));
2183 
2184 	return num_pages / n + !!(ceil && num_pages % n);
2185 }
2186 
2187 static inline int getpageshift(void)
2188 {
2189 	return __builtin_ffs(getpagesize()) - 1;
2190 }
2191 
2192 unsigned int
2193 vm_num_host_pages(enum vm_guest_mode mode, unsigned int num_guest_pages)
2194 {
2195 	return vm_calc_num_pages(num_guest_pages,
2196 				 vm_guest_mode_params[mode].page_shift,
2197 				 getpageshift(), true);
2198 }
2199 
2200 unsigned int
2201 vm_num_guest_pages(enum vm_guest_mode mode, unsigned int num_host_pages)
2202 {
2203 	return vm_calc_num_pages(num_host_pages, getpageshift(),
2204 				 vm_guest_mode_params[mode].page_shift, false);
2205 }
2206 
2207 unsigned int vm_calc_num_guest_pages(enum vm_guest_mode mode, size_t size)
2208 {
2209 	unsigned int n;
2210 	n = DIV_ROUND_UP(size, vm_guest_mode_params[mode].page_size);
2211 	return vm_adjust_num_guest_pages(mode, n);
2212 }
2213 
2214 /*
2215  * Read binary stats descriptors
2216  *
2217  * Input Args:
2218  *   stats_fd - the file descriptor for the binary stats file from which to read
2219  *   header - the binary stats metadata header corresponding to the given FD
2220  *
2221  * Output Args: None
2222  *
2223  * Return:
2224  *   A pointer to a newly allocated series of stat descriptors.
2225  *   Caller is responsible for freeing the returned kvm_stats_desc.
2226  *
2227  * Read the stats descriptors from the binary stats interface.
2228  */
2229 struct kvm_stats_desc *read_stats_descriptors(int stats_fd,
2230 					      struct kvm_stats_header *header)
2231 {
2232 	struct kvm_stats_desc *stats_desc;
2233 	ssize_t desc_size, total_size, ret;
2234 
2235 	desc_size = get_stats_descriptor_size(header);
2236 	total_size = header->num_desc * desc_size;
2237 
2238 	stats_desc = calloc(header->num_desc, desc_size);
2239 	TEST_ASSERT(stats_desc, "Allocate memory for stats descriptors");
2240 
2241 	ret = pread(stats_fd, stats_desc, total_size, header->desc_offset);
2242 	TEST_ASSERT(ret == total_size, "Read KVM stats descriptors");
2243 
2244 	return stats_desc;
2245 }
2246 
2247 /*
2248  * Read stat data for a particular stat
2249  *
2250  * Input Args:
2251  *   stats_fd - the file descriptor for the binary stats file from which to read
2252  *   header - the binary stats metadata header corresponding to the given FD
2253  *   desc - the binary stat metadata for the particular stat to be read
2254  *   max_elements - the maximum number of 8-byte values to read into data
2255  *
2256  * Output Args:
2257  *   data - the buffer into which stat data should be read
2258  *
2259  * Read the data values of a specified stat from the binary stats interface.
2260  */
2261 void read_stat_data(int stats_fd, struct kvm_stats_header *header,
2262 		    struct kvm_stats_desc *desc, uint64_t *data,
2263 		    size_t max_elements)
2264 {
2265 	size_t nr_elements = min_t(ssize_t, desc->size, max_elements);
2266 	size_t size = nr_elements * sizeof(*data);
2267 	ssize_t ret;
2268 
2269 	TEST_ASSERT(desc->size, "No elements in stat '%s'", desc->name);
2270 	TEST_ASSERT(max_elements, "Zero elements requested for stat '%s'", desc->name);
2271 
2272 	ret = pread(stats_fd, data, size,
2273 		    header->data_offset + desc->offset);
2274 
2275 	TEST_ASSERT(ret >= 0, "pread() failed on stat '%s', errno: %i (%s)",
2276 		    desc->name, errno, strerror(errno));
2277 	TEST_ASSERT(ret == size,
2278 		    "pread() on stat '%s' read %ld bytes, wanted %lu bytes",
2279 		    desc->name, size, ret);
2280 }
2281 
2282 void kvm_get_stat(struct kvm_binary_stats *stats, const char *name,
2283 		  uint64_t *data, size_t max_elements)
2284 {
2285 	struct kvm_stats_desc *desc;
2286 	size_t size_desc;
2287 	int i;
2288 
2289 	if (!stats->desc) {
2290 		read_stats_header(stats->fd, &stats->header);
2291 		stats->desc = read_stats_descriptors(stats->fd, &stats->header);
2292 	}
2293 
2294 	size_desc = get_stats_descriptor_size(&stats->header);
2295 
2296 	for (i = 0; i < stats->header.num_desc; ++i) {
2297 		desc = (void *)stats->desc + (i * size_desc);
2298 
2299 		if (strcmp(desc->name, name))
2300 			continue;
2301 
2302 		read_stat_data(stats->fd, &stats->header, desc, data, max_elements);
2303 		return;
2304 	}
2305 
2306 	TEST_FAIL("Unable to find stat '%s'", name);
2307 }
2308 
2309 __weak void kvm_arch_vm_post_create(struct kvm_vm *vm, unsigned int nr_vcpus)
2310 {
2311 }
2312 
2313 __weak void kvm_arch_vm_finalize_vcpus(struct kvm_vm *vm)
2314 {
2315 }
2316 
2317 __weak void kvm_arch_vm_release(struct kvm_vm *vm)
2318 {
2319 }
2320 
2321 __weak void kvm_selftest_arch_init(void)
2322 {
2323 }
2324 
2325 static void report_unexpected_signal(int signum)
2326 {
2327 #define KVM_CASE_SIGNUM(sig)					\
2328 	case sig: TEST_FAIL("Unexpected " #sig " (%d)\n", signum)
2329 
2330 	switch (signum) {
2331 	KVM_CASE_SIGNUM(SIGBUS);
2332 	KVM_CASE_SIGNUM(SIGSEGV);
2333 	KVM_CASE_SIGNUM(SIGILL);
2334 	KVM_CASE_SIGNUM(SIGFPE);
2335 	default:
2336 		TEST_FAIL("Unexpected signal %d\n", signum);
2337 	}
2338 }
2339 
2340 void __attribute((constructor)) kvm_selftest_init(void)
2341 {
2342 	struct sigaction sig_sa = {
2343 		.sa_handler = report_unexpected_signal,
2344 	};
2345 
2346 	/* Tell stdout not to buffer its content. */
2347 	setbuf(stdout, NULL);
2348 
2349 	sigaction(SIGBUS, &sig_sa, NULL);
2350 	sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sig_sa, NULL);
2351 	sigaction(SIGILL, &sig_sa, NULL);
2352 	sigaction(SIGFPE, &sig_sa, NULL);
2353 
2354 	guest_random_seed = last_guest_seed = random();
2355 	pr_info("Random seed: 0x%x\n", guest_random_seed);
2356 
2357 	kvm_selftest_arch_init();
2358 }
2359 
2360 bool vm_is_gpa_protected(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_paddr_t paddr)
2361 {
2362 	sparsebit_idx_t pg = 0;
2363 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
2364 
2365 	if (!vm_arch_has_protected_memory(vm))
2366 		return false;
2367 
2368 	region = userspace_mem_region_find(vm, paddr, paddr);
2369 	TEST_ASSERT(region, "No vm physical memory at 0x%lx", paddr);
2370 
2371 	pg = paddr >> vm->page_shift;
2372 	return sparsebit_is_set(region->protected_phy_pages, pg);
2373 }
2374 
2375 __weak bool kvm_arch_has_default_irqchip(void)
2376 {
2377 	return false;
2378 }
2379