xref: /linux/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c (revision 6ec982b5a2c7c9f0f956fd955416ac11f52bf50a)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/kvm_util.c
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
6  */
7 #include "test_util.h"
8 #include "kvm_util.h"
9 #include "processor.h"
10 #include "ucall_common.h"
11 
12 #include <assert.h>
13 #include <sched.h>
14 #include <sys/mman.h>
15 #include <sys/resource.h>
16 #include <sys/types.h>
17 #include <sys/stat.h>
18 #include <unistd.h>
19 #include <linux/kernel.h>
20 
21 #define KVM_UTIL_MIN_PFN	2
22 
23 u32 guest_random_seed;
24 struct guest_random_state guest_rng;
25 static u32 last_guest_seed;
26 
27 static size_t vcpu_mmap_sz(void);
28 
29 int __open_path_or_exit(const char *path, int flags, const char *enoent_help)
30 {
31 	int fd;
32 
33 	fd = open(path, flags);
34 	if (fd < 0)
35 		goto error;
36 
37 	return fd;
38 
39 error:
40 	if (errno == EACCES || errno == ENOENT)
41 		ksft_exit_skip("- Cannot open '%s': %s.  %s\n",
42 			       path, strerror(errno),
43 			       errno == EACCES ? "Root required?" : enoent_help);
44 	TEST_FAIL("Failed to open '%s'", path);
45 }
46 
47 int open_path_or_exit(const char *path, int flags)
48 {
49 	return __open_path_or_exit(path, flags, "");
50 }
51 
52 /*
53  * Open KVM_DEV_PATH if available, otherwise exit the entire program.
54  *
55  * Input Args:
56  *   flags - The flags to pass when opening KVM_DEV_PATH.
57  *
58  * Return:
59  *   The opened file descriptor of /dev/kvm.
60  */
61 static int _open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit(int flags)
62 {
63 	return __open_path_or_exit(KVM_DEV_PATH, flags, "Is KVM loaded and enabled?");
64 }
65 
66 int open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit(void)
67 {
68 	return _open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit(O_RDONLY);
69 }
70 
71 static ssize_t get_module_param(const char *module_name, const char *param,
72 				void *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
73 {
74 	const int path_size = 128;
75 	char path[path_size];
76 	ssize_t bytes_read;
77 	int fd, r;
78 
79 	/* Verify KVM is loaded, to provide a more helpful SKIP message. */
80 	close(open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit());
81 
82 	r = snprintf(path, path_size, "/sys/module/%s/parameters/%s",
83 		     module_name, param);
84 	TEST_ASSERT(r < path_size,
85 		    "Failed to construct sysfs path in %d bytes.", path_size);
86 
87 	fd = open_path_or_exit(path, O_RDONLY);
88 
89 	bytes_read = read(fd, buffer, buffer_size);
90 	TEST_ASSERT(bytes_read > 0, "read(%s) returned %ld, wanted %ld bytes",
91 		    path, bytes_read, buffer_size);
92 
93 	r = close(fd);
94 	TEST_ASSERT(!r, "close(%s) failed", path);
95 	return bytes_read;
96 }
97 
98 int kvm_get_module_param_integer(const char *module_name, const char *param)
99 {
100 	/*
101 	 * 16 bytes to hold a 64-bit value (1 byte per char), 1 byte for the
102 	 * NUL char, and 1 byte because the kernel sucks and inserts a newline
103 	 * at the end.
104 	 */
105 	char value[16 + 1 + 1];
106 	ssize_t r;
107 
108 	memset(value, '\0', sizeof(value));
109 
110 	r = get_module_param(module_name, param, value, sizeof(value));
111 	TEST_ASSERT(value[r - 1] == '\n',
112 		    "Expected trailing newline, got char '%c'", value[r - 1]);
113 
114 	/*
115 	 * Squash the newline, otherwise atoi_paranoid() will complain about
116 	 * trailing non-NUL characters in the string.
117 	 */
118 	value[r - 1] = '\0';
119 	return atoi_paranoid(value);
120 }
121 
122 bool kvm_get_module_param_bool(const char *module_name, const char *param)
123 {
124 	char value;
125 	ssize_t r;
126 
127 	r = get_module_param(module_name, param, &value, sizeof(value));
128 	TEST_ASSERT_EQ(r, 1);
129 
130 	if (value == 'Y')
131 		return true;
132 	else if (value == 'N')
133 		return false;
134 
135 	TEST_FAIL("Unrecognized value '%c' for boolean module param", value);
136 }
137 
138 /*
139  * Capability
140  *
141  * Input Args:
142  *   cap - Capability
143  *
144  * Output Args: None
145  *
146  * Return:
147  *   On success, the Value corresponding to the capability (KVM_CAP_*)
148  *   specified by the value of cap.  On failure a TEST_ASSERT failure
149  *   is produced.
150  *
151  * Looks up and returns the value corresponding to the capability
152  * (KVM_CAP_*) given by cap.
153  */
154 unsigned int kvm_check_cap(long cap)
155 {
156 	int ret;
157 	int kvm_fd;
158 
159 	kvm_fd = open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit();
160 	ret = __kvm_ioctl(kvm_fd, KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION, (void *)cap);
161 	TEST_ASSERT(ret >= 0, KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION, ret));
162 
163 	close(kvm_fd);
164 
165 	return (unsigned int)ret;
166 }
167 
168 void vm_enable_dirty_ring(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 ring_size)
169 {
170 	if (vm_check_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING_ACQ_REL))
171 		vm_enable_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING_ACQ_REL, ring_size);
172 	else
173 		vm_enable_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_DIRTY_LOG_RING, ring_size);
174 	vm->dirty_ring_size = ring_size;
175 }
176 
177 static void vm_open(struct kvm_vm *vm)
178 {
179 	vm->kvm_fd = _open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit(O_RDWR);
180 
181 	TEST_REQUIRE(kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_IMMEDIATE_EXIT));
182 
183 	vm->fd = __kvm_ioctl(vm->kvm_fd, KVM_CREATE_VM, (void *)vm->type);
184 	TEST_ASSERT(vm->fd >= 0, KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(KVM_CREATE_VM, vm->fd));
185 
186 	if (kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_BINARY_STATS_FD))
187 		vm->stats.fd = vm_get_stats_fd(vm);
188 	else
189 		vm->stats.fd = -1;
190 }
191 
192 const char *vm_guest_mode_string(u32 i)
193 {
194 	static const char * const strings[] = {
195 		[VM_MODE_P52V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:52,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
196 		[VM_MODE_P52V48_16K]	= "PA-bits:52,  VA-bits:48, 16K pages",
197 		[VM_MODE_P52V48_64K]	= "PA-bits:52,  VA-bits:48, 64K pages",
198 		[VM_MODE_P48V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:48,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
199 		[VM_MODE_P48V48_16K]	= "PA-bits:48,  VA-bits:48, 16K pages",
200 		[VM_MODE_P48V48_64K]	= "PA-bits:48,  VA-bits:48, 64K pages",
201 		[VM_MODE_P40V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:40,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
202 		[VM_MODE_P40V48_16K]	= "PA-bits:40,  VA-bits:48, 16K pages",
203 		[VM_MODE_P40V48_64K]	= "PA-bits:40,  VA-bits:48, 64K pages",
204 		[VM_MODE_PXXVYY_4K]	= "PA-bits:ANY, VA-bits:48 or 57, 4K pages",
205 		[VM_MODE_P47V64_4K]	= "PA-bits:47,  VA-bits:64,  4K pages",
206 		[VM_MODE_P44V64_4K]	= "PA-bits:44,  VA-bits:64,  4K pages",
207 		[VM_MODE_P36V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:36,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
208 		[VM_MODE_P36V48_16K]	= "PA-bits:36,  VA-bits:48, 16K pages",
209 		[VM_MODE_P36V48_64K]	= "PA-bits:36,  VA-bits:48, 64K pages",
210 		[VM_MODE_P47V47_16K]	= "PA-bits:47,  VA-bits:47, 16K pages",
211 		[VM_MODE_P36V47_16K]	= "PA-bits:36,  VA-bits:47, 16K pages",
212 		[VM_MODE_P56V57_4K]	= "PA-bits:56,  VA-bits:57,  4K pages",
213 		[VM_MODE_P56V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:56,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
214 		[VM_MODE_P56V39_4K]	= "PA-bits:56,  VA-bits:39,  4K pages",
215 		[VM_MODE_P50V57_4K]	= "PA-bits:50,  VA-bits:57,  4K pages",
216 		[VM_MODE_P50V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:50,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
217 		[VM_MODE_P50V39_4K]	= "PA-bits:50,  VA-bits:39,  4K pages",
218 		[VM_MODE_P41V57_4K]	= "PA-bits:41,  VA-bits:57,  4K pages",
219 		[VM_MODE_P41V48_4K]	= "PA-bits:41,  VA-bits:48,  4K pages",
220 		[VM_MODE_P41V39_4K]	= "PA-bits:41,  VA-bits:39,  4K pages",
221 	};
222 	_Static_assert(sizeof(strings)/sizeof(char *) == NUM_VM_MODES,
223 		       "Missing new mode strings?");
224 
225 	TEST_ASSERT(i < NUM_VM_MODES, "Guest mode ID %d too big", i);
226 
227 	return strings[i];
228 }
229 
230 const struct vm_guest_mode_params vm_guest_mode_params[] = {
231 	[VM_MODE_P52V48_4K]	= { 52, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
232 	[VM_MODE_P52V48_16K]	= { 52, 48,  0x4000, 14 },
233 	[VM_MODE_P52V48_64K]	= { 52, 48, 0x10000, 16 },
234 	[VM_MODE_P48V48_4K]	= { 48, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
235 	[VM_MODE_P48V48_16K]	= { 48, 48,  0x4000, 14 },
236 	[VM_MODE_P48V48_64K]	= { 48, 48, 0x10000, 16 },
237 	[VM_MODE_P40V48_4K]	= { 40, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
238 	[VM_MODE_P40V48_16K]	= { 40, 48,  0x4000, 14 },
239 	[VM_MODE_P40V48_64K]	= { 40, 48, 0x10000, 16 },
240 	[VM_MODE_PXXVYY_4K]	= {  0,  0,  0x1000, 12 },
241 	[VM_MODE_P47V64_4K]	= { 47, 64,  0x1000, 12 },
242 	[VM_MODE_P44V64_4K]	= { 44, 64,  0x1000, 12 },
243 	[VM_MODE_P36V48_4K]	= { 36, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
244 	[VM_MODE_P36V48_16K]	= { 36, 48,  0x4000, 14 },
245 	[VM_MODE_P36V48_64K]	= { 36, 48, 0x10000, 16 },
246 	[VM_MODE_P47V47_16K]	= { 47, 47,  0x4000, 14 },
247 	[VM_MODE_P36V47_16K]	= { 36, 47,  0x4000, 14 },
248 	[VM_MODE_P56V57_4K]	= { 56, 57,  0x1000, 12 },
249 	[VM_MODE_P56V48_4K]	= { 56, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
250 	[VM_MODE_P56V39_4K]	= { 56, 39,  0x1000, 12 },
251 	[VM_MODE_P50V57_4K]	= { 50, 57,  0x1000, 12 },
252 	[VM_MODE_P50V48_4K]	= { 50, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
253 	[VM_MODE_P50V39_4K]	= { 50, 39,  0x1000, 12 },
254 	[VM_MODE_P41V57_4K]	= { 41, 57,  0x1000, 12 },
255 	[VM_MODE_P41V48_4K]	= { 41, 48,  0x1000, 12 },
256 	[VM_MODE_P41V39_4K]	= { 41, 39,  0x1000, 12 },
257 };
258 _Static_assert(sizeof(vm_guest_mode_params)/sizeof(struct vm_guest_mode_params) == NUM_VM_MODES,
259 	       "Missing new mode params?");
260 
261 /*
262  * Initializes vm->vpages_valid to match the canonical VA space of the
263  * architecture.
264  *
265  * The default implementation is valid for architectures which split the
266  * range addressed by a single page table into a low and high region
267  * based on the MSB of the VA. On architectures with this behavior
268  * the VA region spans [0, 2^(va_bits - 1)), [-(2^(va_bits - 1), -1].
269  */
270 __weak void vm_vaddr_populate_bitmap(struct kvm_vm *vm)
271 {
272 	sparsebit_set_num(vm->vpages_valid,
273 		0, (1ULL << (vm->va_bits - 1)) >> vm->page_shift);
274 	sparsebit_set_num(vm->vpages_valid,
275 		(~((1ULL << (vm->va_bits - 1)) - 1)) >> vm->page_shift,
276 		(1ULL << (vm->va_bits - 1)) >> vm->page_shift);
277 }
278 
279 struct kvm_vm *____vm_create(struct vm_shape shape)
280 {
281 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
282 
283 	vm = calloc(1, sizeof(*vm));
284 	TEST_ASSERT(vm != NULL, "Insufficient Memory");
285 
286 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vm->vcpus);
287 	vm->regions.gpa_tree = RB_ROOT;
288 	vm->regions.hva_tree = RB_ROOT;
289 	hash_init(vm->regions.slot_hash);
290 
291 	vm->mode = shape.mode;
292 	vm->type = shape.type;
293 
294 	vm->pa_bits = vm_guest_mode_params[vm->mode].pa_bits;
295 	vm->va_bits = vm_guest_mode_params[vm->mode].va_bits;
296 	vm->page_size = vm_guest_mode_params[vm->mode].page_size;
297 	vm->page_shift = vm_guest_mode_params[vm->mode].page_shift;
298 
299 	/* Setup mode specific traits. */
300 	switch (vm->mode) {
301 	case VM_MODE_P52V48_4K:
302 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 4;
303 		break;
304 	case VM_MODE_P52V48_64K:
305 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 3;
306 		break;
307 	case VM_MODE_P48V48_4K:
308 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 4;
309 		break;
310 	case VM_MODE_P48V48_64K:
311 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 3;
312 		break;
313 	case VM_MODE_P40V48_4K:
314 	case VM_MODE_P36V48_4K:
315 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 4;
316 		break;
317 	case VM_MODE_P40V48_64K:
318 	case VM_MODE_P36V48_64K:
319 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 3;
320 		break;
321 	case VM_MODE_P52V48_16K:
322 	case VM_MODE_P48V48_16K:
323 	case VM_MODE_P40V48_16K:
324 	case VM_MODE_P36V48_16K:
325 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 4;
326 		break;
327 	case VM_MODE_P47V47_16K:
328 	case VM_MODE_P36V47_16K:
329 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 3;
330 		break;
331 	case VM_MODE_PXXVYY_4K:
332 #ifdef __x86_64__
333 		kvm_get_cpu_address_width(&vm->pa_bits, &vm->va_bits);
334 		kvm_init_vm_address_properties(vm);
335 
336 		pr_debug("Guest physical address width detected: %d\n",
337 			 vm->pa_bits);
338 		pr_debug("Guest virtual address width detected: %d\n",
339 			 vm->va_bits);
340 
341 		if (vm->va_bits == 57) {
342 			vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 5;
343 		} else {
344 			TEST_ASSERT(vm->va_bits == 48,
345 				    "Unexpected guest virtual address width: %d",
346 				    vm->va_bits);
347 			vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 4;
348 		}
349 #else
350 		TEST_FAIL("VM_MODE_PXXVYY_4K not supported on non-x86 platforms");
351 #endif
352 		break;
353 	case VM_MODE_P47V64_4K:
354 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 5;
355 		break;
356 	case VM_MODE_P44V64_4K:
357 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 5;
358 		break;
359 	case VM_MODE_P56V57_4K:
360 	case VM_MODE_P50V57_4K:
361 	case VM_MODE_P41V57_4K:
362 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 5;
363 		break;
364 	case VM_MODE_P56V48_4K:
365 	case VM_MODE_P50V48_4K:
366 	case VM_MODE_P41V48_4K:
367 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 4;
368 		break;
369 	case VM_MODE_P56V39_4K:
370 	case VM_MODE_P50V39_4K:
371 	case VM_MODE_P41V39_4K:
372 		vm->mmu.pgtable_levels = 3;
373 		break;
374 	default:
375 		TEST_FAIL("Unknown guest mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);
376 	}
377 
378 #ifdef __aarch64__
379 	TEST_ASSERT(!vm->type, "ARM doesn't support test-provided types");
380 	if (vm->pa_bits != 40)
381 		vm->type = KVM_VM_TYPE_ARM_IPA_SIZE(vm->pa_bits);
382 #endif
383 
384 	vm_open(vm);
385 
386 	/* Limit to VA-bit canonical virtual addresses. */
387 	vm->vpages_valid = sparsebit_alloc();
388 	vm_vaddr_populate_bitmap(vm);
389 
390 	/* Limit physical addresses to PA-bits. */
391 	vm->max_gfn = vm_compute_max_gfn(vm);
392 
393 	/* Allocate and setup memory for guest. */
394 	vm->vpages_mapped = sparsebit_alloc();
395 
396 	return vm;
397 }
398 
399 static u64 vm_nr_pages_required(enum vm_guest_mode mode,
400 				u32 nr_runnable_vcpus,
401 				u64 extra_mem_pages)
402 {
403 	u64 page_size = vm_guest_mode_params[mode].page_size;
404 	u64 nr_pages;
405 
406 	TEST_ASSERT(nr_runnable_vcpus,
407 		    "Use vm_create_barebones() for VMs that _never_ have vCPUs");
408 
409 	TEST_ASSERT(nr_runnable_vcpus <= kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPUS),
410 		    "nr_vcpus = %d too large for host, max-vcpus = %d",
411 		    nr_runnable_vcpus, kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPUS));
412 
413 	/*
414 	 * Arbitrarily allocate 512 pages (2mb when page size is 4kb) for the
415 	 * test code and other per-VM assets that will be loaded into memslot0.
416 	 */
417 	nr_pages = 512;
418 
419 	/* Account for the per-vCPU stacks on behalf of the test. */
420 	nr_pages += nr_runnable_vcpus * DEFAULT_STACK_PGS;
421 
422 	/*
423 	 * Account for the number of pages needed for the page tables.  The
424 	 * maximum page table size for a memory region will be when the
425 	 * smallest page size is used. Considering each page contains x page
426 	 * table descriptors, the total extra size for page tables (for extra
427 	 * N pages) will be: N/x+N/x^2+N/x^3+... which is definitely smaller
428 	 * than N/x*2.
429 	 */
430 	nr_pages += (nr_pages + extra_mem_pages) / PTES_PER_MIN_PAGE * 2;
431 
432 	/* Account for the number of pages needed by ucall. */
433 	nr_pages += ucall_nr_pages_required(page_size);
434 
435 	return vm_adjust_num_guest_pages(mode, nr_pages);
436 }
437 
438 void kvm_set_files_rlimit(u32 nr_vcpus)
439 {
440 	/*
441 	 * Each vCPU will open two file descriptors: the vCPU itself and the
442 	 * vCPU's binary stats file descriptor.  Add an arbitrary amount of
443 	 * buffer for all other files a test may open.
444 	 */
445 	int nr_fds_wanted = nr_vcpus * 2 + 100;
446 	struct rlimit rl;
447 
448 	/*
449 	 * Check that we're allowed to open nr_fds_wanted file descriptors and
450 	 * try raising the limits if needed.
451 	 */
452 	TEST_ASSERT(!getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl), "getrlimit() failed!");
453 
454 	if (rl.rlim_cur < nr_fds_wanted) {
455 		rl.rlim_cur = nr_fds_wanted;
456 		if (rl.rlim_max < nr_fds_wanted) {
457 			int old_rlim_max = rl.rlim_max;
458 
459 			rl.rlim_max = nr_fds_wanted;
460 			__TEST_REQUIRE(setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0,
461 				       "RLIMIT_NOFILE hard limit is too low (%d, wanted %d)",
462 				       old_rlim_max, nr_fds_wanted);
463 		} else {
464 			TEST_ASSERT(!setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl), "setrlimit() failed!");
465 		}
466 	}
467 
468 }
469 
470 static bool is_guest_memfd_required(struct vm_shape shape)
471 {
472 #ifdef __x86_64__
473 	return shape.type == KVM_X86_SNP_VM;
474 #else
475 	return false;
476 #endif
477 }
478 
479 struct kvm_vm *__vm_create(struct vm_shape shape, u32 nr_runnable_vcpus,
480 			   u64 nr_extra_pages)
481 {
482 	u64 nr_pages = vm_nr_pages_required(shape.mode, nr_runnable_vcpus,
483 						 nr_extra_pages);
484 	struct userspace_mem_region *slot0;
485 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
486 	int i, flags;
487 
488 	kvm_set_files_rlimit(nr_runnable_vcpus);
489 
490 	pr_debug("%s: mode='%s' type='%d', pages='%ld'\n", __func__,
491 		 vm_guest_mode_string(shape.mode), shape.type, nr_pages);
492 
493 	vm = ____vm_create(shape);
494 
495 	/*
496 	 * Force GUEST_MEMFD for the primary memory region if necessary, e.g.
497 	 * for CoCo VMs that require GUEST_MEMFD backed private memory.
498 	 */
499 	flags = 0;
500 	if (is_guest_memfd_required(shape))
501 		flags |= KVM_MEM_GUEST_MEMFD;
502 
503 	vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS, 0, 0, nr_pages, flags);
504 	for (i = 0; i < NR_MEM_REGIONS; i++)
505 		vm->memslots[i] = 0;
506 
507 	kvm_vm_elf_load(vm, program_invocation_name);
508 
509 	/*
510 	 * TODO: Add proper defines to protect the library's memslots, and then
511 	 * carve out memslot1 for the ucall MMIO address.  KVM treats writes to
512 	 * read-only memslots as MMIO, and creating a read-only memslot for the
513 	 * MMIO region would prevent silently clobbering the MMIO region.
514 	 */
515 	slot0 = memslot2region(vm, 0);
516 	ucall_init(vm, slot0->region.guest_phys_addr + slot0->region.memory_size);
517 
518 	if (guest_random_seed != last_guest_seed) {
519 		pr_info("Random seed: 0x%x\n", guest_random_seed);
520 		last_guest_seed = guest_random_seed;
521 	}
522 	guest_rng = new_guest_random_state(guest_random_seed);
523 	sync_global_to_guest(vm, guest_rng);
524 
525 	kvm_arch_vm_post_create(vm, nr_runnable_vcpus);
526 
527 	return vm;
528 }
529 
530 /*
531  * VM Create with customized parameters
532  *
533  * Input Args:
534  *   mode - VM Mode (e.g. VM_MODE_P52V48_4K)
535  *   nr_vcpus - VCPU count
536  *   extra_mem_pages - Non-slot0 physical memory total size
537  *   guest_code - Guest entry point
538  *   vcpuids - VCPU IDs
539  *
540  * Output Args: None
541  *
542  * Return:
543  *   Pointer to opaque structure that describes the created VM.
544  *
545  * Creates a VM with the mode specified by mode (e.g. VM_MODE_P52V48_4K).
546  * extra_mem_pages is only used to calculate the maximum page table size,
547  * no real memory allocation for non-slot0 memory in this function.
548  */
549 struct kvm_vm *__vm_create_with_vcpus(struct vm_shape shape, u32 nr_vcpus,
550 				      u64 extra_mem_pages,
551 				      void *guest_code, struct kvm_vcpu *vcpus[])
552 {
553 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
554 	int i;
555 
556 	TEST_ASSERT(!nr_vcpus || vcpus, "Must provide vCPU array");
557 
558 	vm = __vm_create(shape, nr_vcpus, extra_mem_pages);
559 
560 	for (i = 0; i < nr_vcpus; ++i)
561 		vcpus[i] = vm_vcpu_add(vm, i, guest_code);
562 
563 	kvm_arch_vm_finalize_vcpus(vm);
564 	return vm;
565 }
566 
567 struct kvm_vm *__vm_create_shape_with_one_vcpu(struct vm_shape shape,
568 					       struct kvm_vcpu **vcpu,
569 					       u64 extra_mem_pages,
570 					       void *guest_code)
571 {
572 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpus[1];
573 	struct kvm_vm *vm;
574 
575 	vm = __vm_create_with_vcpus(shape, 1, extra_mem_pages, guest_code, vcpus);
576 
577 	*vcpu = vcpus[0];
578 	return vm;
579 }
580 
581 /*
582  * VM Restart
583  *
584  * Input Args:
585  *   vm - VM that has been released before
586  *
587  * Output Args: None
588  *
589  * Reopens the file descriptors associated to the VM and reinstates the
590  * global state, such as the irqchip and the memory regions that are mapped
591  * into the guest.
592  */
593 void kvm_vm_restart(struct kvm_vm *vmp)
594 {
595 	int ctr;
596 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
597 
598 	vm_open(vmp);
599 	if (vmp->has_irqchip)
600 		vm_create_irqchip(vmp);
601 
602 	hash_for_each(vmp->regions.slot_hash, ctr, region, slot_node) {
603 		int ret = ioctl(vmp->fd, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region->region);
604 
605 		TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 IOCTL failed,\n"
606 			    "  rc: %i errno: %i\n"
607 			    "  slot: %u flags: 0x%x\n"
608 			    "  guest_phys_addr: 0x%llx size: 0x%llx",
609 			    ret, errno, region->region.slot,
610 			    region->region.flags,
611 			    region->region.guest_phys_addr,
612 			    region->region.memory_size);
613 	}
614 }
615 
616 __weak struct kvm_vcpu *vm_arch_vcpu_recreate(struct kvm_vm *vm,
617 					      u32 vcpu_id)
618 {
619 	return __vm_vcpu_add(vm, vcpu_id);
620 }
621 
622 struct kvm_vcpu *vm_recreate_with_one_vcpu(struct kvm_vm *vm)
623 {
624 	kvm_vm_restart(vm);
625 
626 	return vm_vcpu_recreate(vm, 0);
627 }
628 
629 int __pin_task_to_cpu(pthread_t task, int cpu)
630 {
631 	cpu_set_t cpuset;
632 
633 	CPU_ZERO(&cpuset);
634 	CPU_SET(cpu, &cpuset);
635 
636 	return pthread_setaffinity_np(task, sizeof(cpuset), &cpuset);
637 }
638 
639 static u32 parse_pcpu(const char *cpu_str, const cpu_set_t *allowed_mask)
640 {
641 	u32 pcpu = atoi_non_negative("CPU number", cpu_str);
642 
643 	TEST_ASSERT(CPU_ISSET(pcpu, allowed_mask),
644 		    "Not allowed to run on pCPU '%d', check cgroups?", pcpu);
645 	return pcpu;
646 }
647 
648 void kvm_print_vcpu_pinning_help(void)
649 {
650 	const char *name = program_invocation_name;
651 
652 	printf(" -c: Pin tasks to physical CPUs.  Takes a list of comma separated\n"
653 	       "     values (target pCPU), one for each vCPU, plus an optional\n"
654 	       "     entry for the main application task (specified via entry\n"
655 	       "     <nr_vcpus + 1>).  If used, entries must be provided for all\n"
656 	       "     vCPUs, i.e. pinning vCPUs is all or nothing.\n\n"
657 	       "     E.g. to create 3 vCPUs, pin vCPU0=>pCPU22, vCPU1=>pCPU23,\n"
658 	       "     vCPU2=>pCPU24, and pin the application task to pCPU50:\n\n"
659 	       "         %s -v 3 -c 22,23,24,50\n\n"
660 	       "     To leave the application task unpinned, drop the final entry:\n\n"
661 	       "         %s -v 3 -c 22,23,24\n\n"
662 	       "     (default: no pinning)\n", name, name);
663 }
664 
665 void kvm_parse_vcpu_pinning(const char *pcpus_string, u32 vcpu_to_pcpu[],
666 			    int nr_vcpus)
667 {
668 	cpu_set_t allowed_mask;
669 	char *cpu, *cpu_list;
670 	char delim[2] = ",";
671 	int i, r;
672 
673 	cpu_list = strdup(pcpus_string);
674 	TEST_ASSERT(cpu_list, "strdup() allocation failed.");
675 
676 	r = sched_getaffinity(0, sizeof(allowed_mask), &allowed_mask);
677 	TEST_ASSERT(!r, "sched_getaffinity() failed");
678 
679 	cpu = strtok(cpu_list, delim);
680 
681 	/* 1. Get all pcpus for vcpus. */
682 	for (i = 0; i < nr_vcpus; i++) {
683 		TEST_ASSERT(cpu, "pCPU not provided for vCPU '%d'", i);
684 		vcpu_to_pcpu[i] = parse_pcpu(cpu, &allowed_mask);
685 		cpu = strtok(NULL, delim);
686 	}
687 
688 	/* 2. Check if the main worker needs to be pinned. */
689 	if (cpu) {
690 		pin_self_to_cpu(parse_pcpu(cpu, &allowed_mask));
691 		cpu = strtok(NULL, delim);
692 	}
693 
694 	TEST_ASSERT(!cpu, "pCPU list contains trailing garbage characters '%s'", cpu);
695 	free(cpu_list);
696 }
697 
698 /*
699  * Userspace Memory Region Find
700  *
701  * Input Args:
702  *   vm - Virtual Machine
703  *   start - Starting VM physical address
704  *   end - Ending VM physical address, inclusive.
705  *
706  * Output Args: None
707  *
708  * Return:
709  *   Pointer to overlapping region, NULL if no such region.
710  *
711  * Searches for a region with any physical memory that overlaps with
712  * any portion of the guest physical addresses from start to end
713  * inclusive.  If multiple overlapping regions exist, a pointer to any
714  * of the regions is returned.  Null is returned only when no overlapping
715  * region exists.
716  */
717 static struct userspace_mem_region *
718 userspace_mem_region_find(struct kvm_vm *vm, u64 start, u64 end)
719 {
720 	struct rb_node *node;
721 
722 	for (node = vm->regions.gpa_tree.rb_node; node; ) {
723 		struct userspace_mem_region *region =
724 			container_of(node, struct userspace_mem_region, gpa_node);
725 		u64 existing_start = region->region.guest_phys_addr;
726 		u64 existing_end = region->region.guest_phys_addr
727 			+ region->region.memory_size - 1;
728 		if (start <= existing_end && end >= existing_start)
729 			return region;
730 
731 		if (start < existing_start)
732 			node = node->rb_left;
733 		else
734 			node = node->rb_right;
735 	}
736 
737 	return NULL;
738 }
739 
740 static void kvm_stats_release(struct kvm_binary_stats *stats)
741 {
742 	if (stats->fd < 0)
743 		return;
744 
745 	if (stats->desc) {
746 		free(stats->desc);
747 		stats->desc = NULL;
748 	}
749 
750 	kvm_close(stats->fd);
751 	stats->fd = -1;
752 }
753 
754 __weak void vcpu_arch_free(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
755 {
756 
757 }
758 
759 /*
760  * VM VCPU Remove
761  *
762  * Input Args:
763  *   vcpu - VCPU to remove
764  *
765  * Output Args: None
766  *
767  * Return: None, TEST_ASSERT failures for all error conditions
768  *
769  * Removes a vCPU from a VM and frees its resources.
770  */
771 static void vm_vcpu_rm(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
772 {
773 	if (vcpu->dirty_gfns) {
774 		kvm_munmap(vcpu->dirty_gfns, vm->dirty_ring_size);
775 		vcpu->dirty_gfns = NULL;
776 	}
777 
778 	kvm_munmap(vcpu->run, vcpu_mmap_sz());
779 
780 	kvm_close(vcpu->fd);
781 	kvm_stats_release(&vcpu->stats);
782 
783 	list_del(&vcpu->list);
784 
785 	vcpu_arch_free(vcpu);
786 	free(vcpu);
787 }
788 
789 void kvm_vm_release(struct kvm_vm *vmp)
790 {
791 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, *tmp;
792 
793 	list_for_each_entry_safe(vcpu, tmp, &vmp->vcpus, list)
794 		vm_vcpu_rm(vmp, vcpu);
795 
796 	kvm_close(vmp->fd);
797 	kvm_close(vmp->kvm_fd);
798 
799 	/* Free cached stats metadata and close FD */
800 	kvm_stats_release(&vmp->stats);
801 
802 	kvm_arch_vm_release(vmp);
803 }
804 
805 static void __vm_mem_region_delete(struct kvm_vm *vm,
806 				   struct userspace_mem_region *region)
807 {
808 	rb_erase(&region->gpa_node, &vm->regions.gpa_tree);
809 	rb_erase(&region->hva_node, &vm->regions.hva_tree);
810 	hash_del(&region->slot_node);
811 
812 	sparsebit_free(&region->unused_phy_pages);
813 	sparsebit_free(&region->protected_phy_pages);
814 	kvm_munmap(region->mmap_start, region->mmap_size);
815 	if (region->fd >= 0) {
816 		/* There's an extra map when using shared memory. */
817 		kvm_munmap(region->mmap_alias, region->mmap_size);
818 		close(region->fd);
819 	}
820 	if (region->region.guest_memfd >= 0)
821 		close(region->region.guest_memfd);
822 
823 	free(region);
824 }
825 
826 /*
827  * Destroys and frees the VM pointed to by vmp.
828  */
829 void kvm_vm_free(struct kvm_vm *vmp)
830 {
831 	int ctr;
832 	struct hlist_node *node;
833 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
834 
835 	if (vmp == NULL)
836 		return;
837 
838 	/* Free userspace_mem_regions. */
839 	hash_for_each_safe(vmp->regions.slot_hash, ctr, node, region, slot_node)
840 		__vm_mem_region_delete(vmp, region);
841 
842 	/* Free sparsebit arrays. */
843 	sparsebit_free(&vmp->vpages_valid);
844 	sparsebit_free(&vmp->vpages_mapped);
845 
846 	kvm_vm_release(vmp);
847 
848 	/* Free the structure describing the VM. */
849 	free(vmp);
850 }
851 
852 int kvm_memfd_alloc(size_t size, bool hugepages)
853 {
854 	int memfd_flags = MFD_CLOEXEC;
855 	int fd;
856 
857 	if (hugepages)
858 		memfd_flags |= MFD_HUGETLB;
859 
860 	fd = memfd_create("kvm_selftest", memfd_flags);
861 	TEST_ASSERT(fd != -1, __KVM_SYSCALL_ERROR("memfd_create()", fd));
862 
863 	kvm_ftruncate(fd, size);
864 	kvm_fallocate(fd, FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE, 0, size);
865 
866 	return fd;
867 }
868 
869 static void vm_userspace_mem_region_gpa_insert(struct rb_root *gpa_tree,
870 					       struct userspace_mem_region *region)
871 {
872 	struct rb_node **cur, *parent;
873 
874 	for (cur = &gpa_tree->rb_node, parent = NULL; *cur; ) {
875 		struct userspace_mem_region *cregion;
876 
877 		cregion = container_of(*cur, typeof(*cregion), gpa_node);
878 		parent = *cur;
879 		if (region->region.guest_phys_addr <
880 		    cregion->region.guest_phys_addr)
881 			cur = &(*cur)->rb_left;
882 		else {
883 			TEST_ASSERT(region->region.guest_phys_addr !=
884 				    cregion->region.guest_phys_addr,
885 				    "Duplicate GPA in region tree");
886 
887 			cur = &(*cur)->rb_right;
888 		}
889 	}
890 
891 	rb_link_node(&region->gpa_node, parent, cur);
892 	rb_insert_color(&region->gpa_node, gpa_tree);
893 }
894 
895 static void vm_userspace_mem_region_hva_insert(struct rb_root *hva_tree,
896 					       struct userspace_mem_region *region)
897 {
898 	struct rb_node **cur, *parent;
899 
900 	for (cur = &hva_tree->rb_node, parent = NULL; *cur; ) {
901 		struct userspace_mem_region *cregion;
902 
903 		cregion = container_of(*cur, typeof(*cregion), hva_node);
904 		parent = *cur;
905 		if (region->host_mem < cregion->host_mem)
906 			cur = &(*cur)->rb_left;
907 		else {
908 			TEST_ASSERT(region->host_mem !=
909 				    cregion->host_mem,
910 				    "Duplicate HVA in region tree");
911 
912 			cur = &(*cur)->rb_right;
913 		}
914 	}
915 
916 	rb_link_node(&region->hva_node, parent, cur);
917 	rb_insert_color(&region->hva_node, hva_tree);
918 }
919 
920 
921 int __vm_set_user_memory_region(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 slot, u32 flags,
922 				u64 gpa, u64 size, void *hva)
923 {
924 	struct kvm_userspace_memory_region region = {
925 		.slot = slot,
926 		.flags = flags,
927 		.guest_phys_addr = gpa,
928 		.memory_size = size,
929 		.userspace_addr = (uintptr_t)hva,
930 	};
931 
932 	return ioctl(vm->fd, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION, &region);
933 }
934 
935 void vm_set_user_memory_region(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 slot, u32 flags,
936 			       u64 gpa, u64 size, void *hva)
937 {
938 	int ret = __vm_set_user_memory_region(vm, slot, flags, gpa, size, hva);
939 
940 	TEST_ASSERT(!ret, "KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION failed, errno = %d (%s)",
941 		    errno, strerror(errno));
942 }
943 
944 #define TEST_REQUIRE_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2()			\
945 	__TEST_REQUIRE(kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY2),	\
946 		       "KVM selftests now require KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 (introduced in v6.8)")
947 
948 int __vm_set_user_memory_region2(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 slot, u32 flags,
949 				 u64 gpa, u64 size, void *hva,
950 				 u32 guest_memfd, u64 guest_memfd_offset)
951 {
952 	struct kvm_userspace_memory_region2 region = {
953 		.slot = slot,
954 		.flags = flags,
955 		.guest_phys_addr = gpa,
956 		.memory_size = size,
957 		.userspace_addr = (uintptr_t)hva,
958 		.guest_memfd = guest_memfd,
959 		.guest_memfd_offset = guest_memfd_offset,
960 	};
961 
962 	TEST_REQUIRE_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2();
963 
964 	return ioctl(vm->fd, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region);
965 }
966 
967 void vm_set_user_memory_region2(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 slot, u32 flags,
968 				u64 gpa, u64 size, void *hva,
969 				u32 guest_memfd, u64 guest_memfd_offset)
970 {
971 	int ret = __vm_set_user_memory_region2(vm, slot, flags, gpa, size, hva,
972 					       guest_memfd, guest_memfd_offset);
973 
974 	TEST_ASSERT(!ret, "KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 failed, errno = %d (%s)",
975 		    errno, strerror(errno));
976 }
977 
978 
979 /* FIXME: This thing needs to be ripped apart and rewritten. */
980 void vm_mem_add(struct kvm_vm *vm, enum vm_mem_backing_src_type src_type,
981 		u64 gpa, u32 slot, u64 npages, u32 flags,
982 		int guest_memfd, u64 guest_memfd_offset)
983 {
984 	int ret;
985 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
986 	size_t backing_src_pagesz = get_backing_src_pagesz(src_type);
987 	size_t mem_size = npages * vm->page_size;
988 	size_t alignment = 1;
989 
990 	TEST_REQUIRE_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2();
991 
992 	TEST_ASSERT(vm_adjust_num_guest_pages(vm->mode, npages) == npages,
993 		"Number of guest pages is not compatible with the host. "
994 		"Try npages=%d", vm_adjust_num_guest_pages(vm->mode, npages));
995 
996 	TEST_ASSERT((gpa % vm->page_size) == 0, "Guest physical "
997 		"address not on a page boundary.\n"
998 		"  gpa: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
999 		gpa, vm->page_size);
1000 	TEST_ASSERT((((gpa >> vm->page_shift) + npages) - 1)
1001 		<= vm->max_gfn, "Physical range beyond maximum "
1002 		"supported physical address,\n"
1003 		"  gpa: 0x%lx npages: 0x%lx\n"
1004 		"  vm->max_gfn: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
1005 		gpa, npages, vm->max_gfn, vm->page_size);
1006 
1007 	/*
1008 	 * Confirm a mem region with an overlapping address doesn't
1009 	 * already exist.
1010 	 */
1011 	region = (struct userspace_mem_region *) userspace_mem_region_find(
1012 		vm, gpa, (gpa + npages * vm->page_size) - 1);
1013 	if (region != NULL)
1014 		TEST_FAIL("overlapping userspace_mem_region already "
1015 			"exists\n"
1016 			"  requested gpa: 0x%lx npages: 0x%lx page_size: 0x%x\n"
1017 			"  existing gpa: 0x%lx size: 0x%lx",
1018 			gpa, npages, vm->page_size,
1019 			(u64)region->region.guest_phys_addr,
1020 			(u64)region->region.memory_size);
1021 
1022 	/* Confirm no region with the requested slot already exists. */
1023 	hash_for_each_possible(vm->regions.slot_hash, region, slot_node,
1024 			       slot) {
1025 		if (region->region.slot != slot)
1026 			continue;
1027 
1028 		TEST_FAIL("A mem region with the requested slot "
1029 			"already exists.\n"
1030 			"  requested slot: %u paddr: 0x%lx npages: 0x%lx\n"
1031 			"  existing slot: %u paddr: 0x%lx size: 0x%lx",
1032 			slot, gpa, npages, region->region.slot,
1033 			(u64)region->region.guest_phys_addr,
1034 			(u64)region->region.memory_size);
1035 	}
1036 
1037 	/* Allocate and initialize new mem region structure. */
1038 	region = calloc(1, sizeof(*region));
1039 	TEST_ASSERT(region != NULL, "Insufficient Memory");
1040 	region->mmap_size = mem_size;
1041 
1042 	/*
1043 	 * When using THP mmap is not guaranteed to returned a hugepage aligned
1044 	 * address so we have to pad the mmap. Padding is not needed for HugeTLB
1045 	 * because mmap will always return an address aligned to the HugeTLB
1046 	 * page size.
1047 	 */
1048 	if (src_type == VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS_THP)
1049 		alignment = max(backing_src_pagesz, alignment);
1050 
1051 	TEST_ASSERT_EQ(gpa, align_up(gpa, backing_src_pagesz));
1052 
1053 	/* Add enough memory to align up if necessary */
1054 	if (alignment > 1)
1055 		region->mmap_size += alignment;
1056 
1057 	region->fd = -1;
1058 	if (backing_src_is_shared(src_type))
1059 		region->fd = kvm_memfd_alloc(region->mmap_size,
1060 					     src_type == VM_MEM_SRC_SHARED_HUGETLB);
1061 
1062 	region->mmap_start = kvm_mmap(region->mmap_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
1063 				      vm_mem_backing_src_alias(src_type)->flag,
1064 				      region->fd);
1065 
1066 	TEST_ASSERT(!is_backing_src_hugetlb(src_type) ||
1067 		    region->mmap_start == align_ptr_up(region->mmap_start, backing_src_pagesz),
1068 		    "mmap_start %p is not aligned to HugeTLB page size 0x%lx",
1069 		    region->mmap_start, backing_src_pagesz);
1070 
1071 	/* Align host address */
1072 	region->host_mem = align_ptr_up(region->mmap_start, alignment);
1073 
1074 	/* As needed perform madvise */
1075 	if ((src_type == VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS ||
1076 	     src_type == VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS_THP) && thp_configured()) {
1077 		ret = madvise(region->host_mem, mem_size,
1078 			      src_type == VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS ? MADV_NOHUGEPAGE : MADV_HUGEPAGE);
1079 		TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "madvise failed, addr: %p length: 0x%lx src_type: %s",
1080 			    region->host_mem, mem_size,
1081 			    vm_mem_backing_src_alias(src_type)->name);
1082 	}
1083 
1084 	region->backing_src_type = src_type;
1085 
1086 	if (flags & KVM_MEM_GUEST_MEMFD) {
1087 		if (guest_memfd < 0) {
1088 			u32 guest_memfd_flags = 0;
1089 			TEST_ASSERT(!guest_memfd_offset,
1090 				    "Offset must be zero when creating new guest_memfd");
1091 			guest_memfd = vm_create_guest_memfd(vm, mem_size, guest_memfd_flags);
1092 		} else {
1093 			/*
1094 			 * Install a unique fd for each memslot so that the fd
1095 			 * can be closed when the region is deleted without
1096 			 * needing to track if the fd is owned by the framework
1097 			 * or by the caller.
1098 			 */
1099 			guest_memfd = kvm_dup(guest_memfd);
1100 		}
1101 
1102 		region->region.guest_memfd = guest_memfd;
1103 		region->region.guest_memfd_offset = guest_memfd_offset;
1104 	} else {
1105 		region->region.guest_memfd = -1;
1106 	}
1107 
1108 	region->unused_phy_pages = sparsebit_alloc();
1109 	if (vm_arch_has_protected_memory(vm))
1110 		region->protected_phy_pages = sparsebit_alloc();
1111 	sparsebit_set_num(region->unused_phy_pages, gpa >> vm->page_shift, npages);
1112 	region->region.slot = slot;
1113 	region->region.flags = flags;
1114 	region->region.guest_phys_addr = gpa;
1115 	region->region.memory_size = npages * vm->page_size;
1116 	region->region.userspace_addr = (uintptr_t) region->host_mem;
1117 	ret = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region->region);
1118 	TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 IOCTL failed,\n"
1119 		"  rc: %i errno: %i\n"
1120 		"  slot: %u flags: 0x%x\n"
1121 		"  guest_phys_addr: 0x%lx size: 0x%llx guest_memfd: %d",
1122 		ret, errno, slot, flags, gpa, region->region.memory_size,
1123 		region->region.guest_memfd);
1124 
1125 	/* Add to quick lookup data structures */
1126 	vm_userspace_mem_region_gpa_insert(&vm->regions.gpa_tree, region);
1127 	vm_userspace_mem_region_hva_insert(&vm->regions.hva_tree, region);
1128 	hash_add(vm->regions.slot_hash, &region->slot_node, slot);
1129 
1130 	/* If shared memory, create an alias. */
1131 	if (region->fd >= 0) {
1132 		region->mmap_alias = kvm_mmap(region->mmap_size,
1133 					      PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
1134 					      vm_mem_backing_src_alias(src_type)->flag,
1135 					      region->fd);
1136 
1137 		/* Align host alias address */
1138 		region->host_alias = align_ptr_up(region->mmap_alias, alignment);
1139 	}
1140 }
1141 
1142 void vm_userspace_mem_region_add(struct kvm_vm *vm,
1143 				 enum vm_mem_backing_src_type src_type,
1144 				 u64 gpa, u32 slot, u64 npages, u32 flags)
1145 {
1146 	vm_mem_add(vm, src_type, gpa, slot, npages, flags, -1, 0);
1147 }
1148 
1149 /*
1150  * Memslot to region
1151  *
1152  * Input Args:
1153  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1154  *   memslot - KVM memory slot ID
1155  *
1156  * Output Args: None
1157  *
1158  * Return:
1159  *   Pointer to memory region structure that describe memory region
1160  *   using kvm memory slot ID given by memslot.  TEST_ASSERT failure
1161  *   on error (e.g. currently no memory region using memslot as a KVM
1162  *   memory slot ID).
1163  */
1164 struct userspace_mem_region *
1165 memslot2region(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 memslot)
1166 {
1167 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1168 
1169 	hash_for_each_possible(vm->regions.slot_hash, region, slot_node,
1170 			       memslot)
1171 		if (region->region.slot == memslot)
1172 			return region;
1173 
1174 	fprintf(stderr, "No mem region with the requested slot found,\n"
1175 		"  requested slot: %u\n", memslot);
1176 	fputs("---- vm dump ----\n", stderr);
1177 	vm_dump(stderr, vm, 2);
1178 	TEST_FAIL("Mem region not found");
1179 	return NULL;
1180 }
1181 
1182 /*
1183  * VM Memory Region Flags Set
1184  *
1185  * Input Args:
1186  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1187  *   flags - Starting guest physical address
1188  *
1189  * Output Args: None
1190  *
1191  * Return: None
1192  *
1193  * Sets the flags of the memory region specified by the value of slot,
1194  * to the values given by flags.
1195  */
1196 void vm_mem_region_set_flags(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 slot, u32 flags)
1197 {
1198 	int ret;
1199 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1200 
1201 	region = memslot2region(vm, slot);
1202 
1203 	region->region.flags = flags;
1204 
1205 	ret = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region->region);
1206 
1207 	TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 IOCTL failed,\n"
1208 		"  rc: %i errno: %i slot: %u flags: 0x%x",
1209 		ret, errno, slot, flags);
1210 }
1211 
1212 void vm_mem_region_reload(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 slot)
1213 {
1214 	struct userspace_mem_region *region = memslot2region(vm, slot);
1215 	struct kvm_userspace_memory_region2 tmp = region->region;
1216 
1217 	tmp.memory_size = 0;
1218 	vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &tmp);
1219 	vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region->region);
1220 }
1221 
1222 /*
1223  * VM Memory Region Move
1224  *
1225  * Input Args:
1226  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1227  *   slot - Slot of the memory region to move
1228  *   new_gpa - Starting guest physical address
1229  *
1230  * Output Args: None
1231  *
1232  * Return: None
1233  *
1234  * Change the gpa of a memory region.
1235  */
1236 void vm_mem_region_move(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 slot, u64 new_gpa)
1237 {
1238 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1239 	int ret;
1240 
1241 	region = memslot2region(vm, slot);
1242 
1243 	region->region.guest_phys_addr = new_gpa;
1244 
1245 	ret = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region->region);
1246 
1247 	TEST_ASSERT(!ret, "KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2 failed\n"
1248 		    "ret: %i errno: %i slot: %u new_gpa: 0x%lx",
1249 		    ret, errno, slot, new_gpa);
1250 }
1251 
1252 /*
1253  * VM Memory Region Delete
1254  *
1255  * Input Args:
1256  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1257  *   slot - Slot of the memory region to delete
1258  *
1259  * Output Args: None
1260  *
1261  * Return: None
1262  *
1263  * Delete a memory region.
1264  */
1265 void vm_mem_region_delete(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 slot)
1266 {
1267 	struct userspace_mem_region *region = memslot2region(vm, slot);
1268 
1269 	region->region.memory_size = 0;
1270 	vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION2, &region->region);
1271 
1272 	__vm_mem_region_delete(vm, region);
1273 }
1274 
1275 void vm_guest_mem_fallocate(struct kvm_vm *vm, u64 base, u64 size,
1276 			    bool punch_hole)
1277 {
1278 	const int mode = FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | (punch_hole ? FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE : 0);
1279 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1280 	u64 end = base + size;
1281 	u64 gpa, len;
1282 	off_t fd_offset;
1283 	int ret;
1284 
1285 	for (gpa = base; gpa < end; gpa += len) {
1286 		u64 offset;
1287 
1288 		region = userspace_mem_region_find(vm, gpa, gpa);
1289 		TEST_ASSERT(region && region->region.flags & KVM_MEM_GUEST_MEMFD,
1290 			    "Private memory region not found for GPA 0x%lx", gpa);
1291 
1292 		offset = gpa - region->region.guest_phys_addr;
1293 		fd_offset = region->region.guest_memfd_offset + offset;
1294 		len = min_t(u64, end - gpa, region->region.memory_size - offset);
1295 
1296 		ret = fallocate(region->region.guest_memfd, mode, fd_offset, len);
1297 		TEST_ASSERT(!ret, "fallocate() failed to %s at %lx (len = %lu), fd = %d, mode = %x, offset = %lx",
1298 			    punch_hole ? "punch hole" : "allocate", gpa, len,
1299 			    region->region.guest_memfd, mode, fd_offset);
1300 	}
1301 }
1302 
1303 /* Returns the size of a vCPU's kvm_run structure. */
1304 static size_t vcpu_mmap_sz(void)
1305 {
1306 	int dev_fd, ret;
1307 
1308 	dev_fd = open_kvm_dev_path_or_exit();
1309 
1310 	ret = ioctl(dev_fd, KVM_GET_VCPU_MMAP_SIZE, NULL);
1311 	TEST_ASSERT(ret >= 0 && ret >= sizeof(struct kvm_run),
1312 		    KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(KVM_GET_VCPU_MMAP_SIZE, ret));
1313 
1314 	close(dev_fd);
1315 
1316 	return ret;
1317 }
1318 
1319 static bool vcpu_exists(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 vcpu_id)
1320 {
1321 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
1322 
1323 	list_for_each_entry(vcpu, &vm->vcpus, list) {
1324 		if (vcpu->id == vcpu_id)
1325 			return true;
1326 	}
1327 
1328 	return false;
1329 }
1330 
1331 /*
1332  * Adds a virtual CPU to the VM specified by vm with the ID given by vcpu_id.
1333  * No additional vCPU setup is done.  Returns the vCPU.
1334  */
1335 struct kvm_vcpu *__vm_vcpu_add(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 vcpu_id)
1336 {
1337 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
1338 
1339 	/* Confirm a vcpu with the specified id doesn't already exist. */
1340 	TEST_ASSERT(!vcpu_exists(vm, vcpu_id), "vCPU%d already exists", vcpu_id);
1341 
1342 	/* Allocate and initialize new vcpu structure. */
1343 	vcpu = calloc(1, sizeof(*vcpu));
1344 	TEST_ASSERT(vcpu != NULL, "Insufficient Memory");
1345 
1346 	vcpu->vm = vm;
1347 	vcpu->id = vcpu_id;
1348 	vcpu->fd = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_CREATE_VCPU, (void *)(unsigned long)vcpu_id);
1349 	TEST_ASSERT_VM_VCPU_IOCTL(vcpu->fd >= 0, KVM_CREATE_VCPU, vcpu->fd, vm);
1350 
1351 	TEST_ASSERT(vcpu_mmap_sz() >= sizeof(*vcpu->run), "vcpu mmap size "
1352 		"smaller than expected, vcpu_mmap_sz: %zi expected_min: %zi",
1353 		vcpu_mmap_sz(), sizeof(*vcpu->run));
1354 	vcpu->run = kvm_mmap(vcpu_mmap_sz(), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
1355 			     MAP_SHARED, vcpu->fd);
1356 
1357 	if (kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_BINARY_STATS_FD))
1358 		vcpu->stats.fd = vcpu_get_stats_fd(vcpu);
1359 	else
1360 		vcpu->stats.fd = -1;
1361 
1362 	/* Add to linked-list of VCPUs. */
1363 	list_add(&vcpu->list, &vm->vcpus);
1364 
1365 	return vcpu;
1366 }
1367 
1368 /*
1369  * VM Virtual Address Unused Gap
1370  *
1371  * Input Args:
1372  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1373  *   sz - Size (bytes)
1374  *   vaddr_min - Minimum Virtual Address
1375  *
1376  * Output Args: None
1377  *
1378  * Return:
1379  *   Lowest virtual address at or above vaddr_min, with at least
1380  *   sz unused bytes.  TEST_ASSERT failure if no area of at least
1381  *   size sz is available.
1382  *
1383  * Within the VM specified by vm, locates the lowest starting virtual
1384  * address >= vaddr_min, that has at least sz unallocated bytes.  A
1385  * TEST_ASSERT failure occurs for invalid input or no area of at least
1386  * sz unallocated bytes >= vaddr_min is available.
1387  */
1388 gva_t vm_vaddr_unused_gap(struct kvm_vm *vm, size_t sz, gva_t vaddr_min)
1389 {
1390 	u64 pages = (sz + vm->page_size - 1) >> vm->page_shift;
1391 
1392 	/* Determine lowest permitted virtual page index. */
1393 	u64 pgidx_start = (vaddr_min + vm->page_size - 1) >> vm->page_shift;
1394 	if ((pgidx_start * vm->page_size) < vaddr_min)
1395 		goto no_va_found;
1396 
1397 	/* Loop over section with enough valid virtual page indexes. */
1398 	if (!sparsebit_is_set_num(vm->vpages_valid,
1399 		pgidx_start, pages))
1400 		pgidx_start = sparsebit_next_set_num(vm->vpages_valid,
1401 			pgidx_start, pages);
1402 	do {
1403 		/*
1404 		 * Are there enough unused virtual pages available at
1405 		 * the currently proposed starting virtual page index.
1406 		 * If not, adjust proposed starting index to next
1407 		 * possible.
1408 		 */
1409 		if (sparsebit_is_clear_num(vm->vpages_mapped,
1410 			pgidx_start, pages))
1411 			goto va_found;
1412 		pgidx_start = sparsebit_next_clear_num(vm->vpages_mapped,
1413 			pgidx_start, pages);
1414 		if (pgidx_start == 0)
1415 			goto no_va_found;
1416 
1417 		/*
1418 		 * If needed, adjust proposed starting virtual address,
1419 		 * to next range of valid virtual addresses.
1420 		 */
1421 		if (!sparsebit_is_set_num(vm->vpages_valid,
1422 			pgidx_start, pages)) {
1423 			pgidx_start = sparsebit_next_set_num(
1424 				vm->vpages_valid, pgidx_start, pages);
1425 			if (pgidx_start == 0)
1426 				goto no_va_found;
1427 		}
1428 	} while (pgidx_start != 0);
1429 
1430 no_va_found:
1431 	TEST_FAIL("No vaddr of specified pages available, pages: 0x%lx", pages);
1432 
1433 	/* NOT REACHED */
1434 	return -1;
1435 
1436 va_found:
1437 	TEST_ASSERT(sparsebit_is_set_num(vm->vpages_valid,
1438 		pgidx_start, pages),
1439 		"Unexpected, invalid virtual page index range,\n"
1440 		"  pgidx_start: 0x%lx\n"
1441 		"  pages: 0x%lx",
1442 		pgidx_start, pages);
1443 	TEST_ASSERT(sparsebit_is_clear_num(vm->vpages_mapped,
1444 		pgidx_start, pages),
1445 		"Unexpected, pages already mapped,\n"
1446 		"  pgidx_start: 0x%lx\n"
1447 		"  pages: 0x%lx",
1448 		pgidx_start, pages);
1449 
1450 	return pgidx_start * vm->page_size;
1451 }
1452 
1453 static gva_t ____vm_vaddr_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, size_t sz, gva_t vaddr_min,
1454 				enum kvm_mem_region_type type, bool protected)
1455 {
1456 	u64 pages = (sz >> vm->page_shift) + ((sz % vm->page_size) != 0);
1457 
1458 	virt_pgd_alloc(vm);
1459 	gpa_t paddr = __vm_phy_pages_alloc(vm, pages,
1460 					   KVM_UTIL_MIN_PFN * vm->page_size,
1461 					   vm->memslots[type], protected);
1462 
1463 	/*
1464 	 * Find an unused range of virtual page addresses of at least
1465 	 * pages in length.
1466 	 */
1467 	gva_t vaddr_start = vm_vaddr_unused_gap(vm, sz, vaddr_min);
1468 
1469 	/* Map the virtual pages. */
1470 	for (gva_t vaddr = vaddr_start; pages > 0;
1471 		pages--, vaddr += vm->page_size, paddr += vm->page_size) {
1472 
1473 		virt_pg_map(vm, vaddr, paddr);
1474 	}
1475 
1476 	return vaddr_start;
1477 }
1478 
1479 gva_t __vm_vaddr_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, size_t sz, gva_t vaddr_min,
1480 		       enum kvm_mem_region_type type)
1481 {
1482 	return ____vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, sz, vaddr_min, type,
1483 				  vm_arch_has_protected_memory(vm));
1484 }
1485 
1486 gva_t vm_vaddr_alloc_shared(struct kvm_vm *vm, size_t sz, gva_t vaddr_min,
1487 			    enum kvm_mem_region_type type)
1488 {
1489 	return ____vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, sz, vaddr_min, type, false);
1490 }
1491 
1492 /*
1493  * VM Virtual Address Allocate
1494  *
1495  * Input Args:
1496  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1497  *   sz - Size in bytes
1498  *   vaddr_min - Minimum starting virtual address
1499  *
1500  * Output Args: None
1501  *
1502  * Return:
1503  *   Starting guest virtual address
1504  *
1505  * Allocates at least sz bytes within the virtual address space of the vm
1506  * given by vm.  The allocated bytes are mapped to a virtual address >=
1507  * the address given by vaddr_min.  Note that each allocation uses a
1508  * a unique set of pages, with the minimum real allocation being at least
1509  * a page. The allocated physical space comes from the TEST_DATA memory region.
1510  */
1511 gva_t vm_vaddr_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, size_t sz, gva_t vaddr_min)
1512 {
1513 	return __vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, sz, vaddr_min, MEM_REGION_TEST_DATA);
1514 }
1515 
1516 /*
1517  * VM Virtual Address Allocate Pages
1518  *
1519  * Input Args:
1520  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1521  *
1522  * Output Args: None
1523  *
1524  * Return:
1525  *   Starting guest virtual address
1526  *
1527  * Allocates at least N system pages worth of bytes within the virtual address
1528  * space of the vm.
1529  */
1530 gva_t vm_vaddr_alloc_pages(struct kvm_vm *vm, int nr_pages)
1531 {
1532 	return vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, nr_pages * getpagesize(), KVM_UTIL_MIN_VADDR);
1533 }
1534 
1535 gva_t __vm_vaddr_alloc_page(struct kvm_vm *vm, enum kvm_mem_region_type type)
1536 {
1537 	return __vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, getpagesize(), KVM_UTIL_MIN_VADDR, type);
1538 }
1539 
1540 /*
1541  * VM Virtual Address Allocate Page
1542  *
1543  * Input Args:
1544  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1545  *
1546  * Output Args: None
1547  *
1548  * Return:
1549  *   Starting guest virtual address
1550  *
1551  * Allocates at least one system page worth of bytes within the virtual address
1552  * space of the vm.
1553  */
1554 gva_t vm_vaddr_alloc_page(struct kvm_vm *vm)
1555 {
1556 	return vm_vaddr_alloc_pages(vm, 1);
1557 }
1558 
1559 /*
1560  * Map a range of VM virtual address to the VM's physical address
1561  *
1562  * Input Args:
1563  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1564  *   vaddr - Virtuall address to map
1565  *   paddr - VM Physical Address
1566  *   npages - The number of pages to map
1567  *
1568  * Output Args: None
1569  *
1570  * Return: None
1571  *
1572  * Within the VM given by @vm, creates a virtual translation for
1573  * @npages starting at @vaddr to the page range starting at @paddr.
1574  */
1575 void virt_map(struct kvm_vm *vm, u64 vaddr, u64 paddr,
1576 	      unsigned int npages)
1577 {
1578 	size_t page_size = vm->page_size;
1579 	size_t size = npages * page_size;
1580 
1581 	TEST_ASSERT(vaddr + size > vaddr, "Vaddr overflow");
1582 	TEST_ASSERT(paddr + size > paddr, "Paddr overflow");
1583 
1584 	while (npages--) {
1585 		virt_pg_map(vm, vaddr, paddr);
1586 
1587 		vaddr += page_size;
1588 		paddr += page_size;
1589 	}
1590 }
1591 
1592 /*
1593  * Address VM Physical to Host Virtual
1594  *
1595  * Input Args:
1596  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1597  *   gpa - VM physical address
1598  *
1599  * Output Args: None
1600  *
1601  * Return:
1602  *   Equivalent host virtual address
1603  *
1604  * Locates the memory region containing the VM physical address given
1605  * by gpa, within the VM given by vm.  When found, the host virtual
1606  * address providing the memory to the vm physical address is returned.
1607  * A TEST_ASSERT failure occurs if no region containing gpa exists.
1608  */
1609 void *addr_gpa2hva(struct kvm_vm *vm, gpa_t gpa)
1610 {
1611 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1612 
1613 	gpa = vm_untag_gpa(vm, gpa);
1614 
1615 	region = userspace_mem_region_find(vm, gpa, gpa);
1616 	if (!region) {
1617 		TEST_FAIL("No vm physical memory at 0x%lx", gpa);
1618 		return NULL;
1619 	}
1620 
1621 	return (void *)((uintptr_t)region->host_mem
1622 		+ (gpa - region->region.guest_phys_addr));
1623 }
1624 
1625 /*
1626  * Address Host Virtual to VM Physical
1627  *
1628  * Input Args:
1629  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1630  *   hva - Host virtual address
1631  *
1632  * Output Args: None
1633  *
1634  * Return:
1635  *   Equivalent VM physical address
1636  *
1637  * Locates the memory region containing the host virtual address given
1638  * by hva, within the VM given by vm.  When found, the equivalent
1639  * VM physical address is returned. A TEST_ASSERT failure occurs if no
1640  * region containing hva exists.
1641  */
1642 gpa_t addr_hva2gpa(struct kvm_vm *vm, void *hva)
1643 {
1644 	struct rb_node *node;
1645 
1646 	for (node = vm->regions.hva_tree.rb_node; node; ) {
1647 		struct userspace_mem_region *region =
1648 			container_of(node, struct userspace_mem_region, hva_node);
1649 
1650 		if (hva >= region->host_mem) {
1651 			if (hva <= (region->host_mem
1652 				+ region->region.memory_size - 1))
1653 				return (gpa_t)((uintptr_t)
1654 					region->region.guest_phys_addr
1655 					+ (hva - (uintptr_t)region->host_mem));
1656 
1657 			node = node->rb_right;
1658 		} else
1659 			node = node->rb_left;
1660 	}
1661 
1662 	TEST_FAIL("No mapping to a guest physical address, hva: %p", hva);
1663 	return -1;
1664 }
1665 
1666 /*
1667  * Address VM physical to Host Virtual *alias*.
1668  *
1669  * Input Args:
1670  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1671  *   gpa - VM physical address
1672  *
1673  * Output Args: None
1674  *
1675  * Return:
1676  *   Equivalent address within the host virtual *alias* area, or NULL
1677  *   (without failing the test) if the guest memory is not shared (so
1678  *   no alias exists).
1679  *
1680  * Create a writable, shared virtual=>physical alias for the specific GPA.
1681  * The primary use case is to allow the host selftest to manipulate guest
1682  * memory without mapping said memory in the guest's address space. And, for
1683  * userfaultfd-based demand paging, to do so without triggering userfaults.
1684  */
1685 void *addr_gpa2alias(struct kvm_vm *vm, gpa_t gpa)
1686 {
1687 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1688 	uintptr_t offset;
1689 
1690 	region = userspace_mem_region_find(vm, gpa, gpa);
1691 	if (!region)
1692 		return NULL;
1693 
1694 	if (!region->host_alias)
1695 		return NULL;
1696 
1697 	offset = gpa - region->region.guest_phys_addr;
1698 	return (void *) ((uintptr_t) region->host_alias + offset);
1699 }
1700 
1701 /* Create an interrupt controller chip for the specified VM. */
1702 void vm_create_irqchip(struct kvm_vm *vm)
1703 {
1704 	int r;
1705 
1706 	/*
1707 	 * Allocate a fully in-kernel IRQ chip by default, but fall back to a
1708 	 * split model (x86 only) if that fails (KVM x86 allows compiling out
1709 	 * support for KVM_CREATE_IRQCHIP).
1710 	 */
1711 	r = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_CREATE_IRQCHIP, NULL);
1712 	if (r && errno == ENOTTY && kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_SPLIT_IRQCHIP))
1713 		vm_enable_cap(vm, KVM_CAP_SPLIT_IRQCHIP, 24);
1714 	else
1715 		TEST_ASSERT_VM_VCPU_IOCTL(!r, KVM_CREATE_IRQCHIP, r, vm);
1716 
1717 	vm->has_irqchip = true;
1718 }
1719 
1720 int _vcpu_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
1721 {
1722 	int rc;
1723 
1724 	do {
1725 		rc = __vcpu_run(vcpu);
1726 	} while (rc == -1 && errno == EINTR);
1727 
1728 	if (!rc)
1729 		assert_on_unhandled_exception(vcpu);
1730 
1731 	return rc;
1732 }
1733 
1734 /*
1735  * Invoke KVM_RUN on a vCPU until KVM returns something other than -EINTR.
1736  * Assert if the KVM returns an error (other than -EINTR).
1737  */
1738 void vcpu_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
1739 {
1740 	int ret = _vcpu_run(vcpu);
1741 
1742 	TEST_ASSERT(!ret, KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(KVM_RUN, ret));
1743 }
1744 
1745 void vcpu_run_complete_io(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
1746 {
1747 	int ret;
1748 
1749 	vcpu->run->immediate_exit = 1;
1750 	ret = __vcpu_run(vcpu);
1751 	vcpu->run->immediate_exit = 0;
1752 
1753 	TEST_ASSERT(ret == -1 && errno == EINTR,
1754 		    "KVM_RUN IOCTL didn't exit immediately, rc: %i, errno: %i",
1755 		    ret, errno);
1756 }
1757 
1758 /*
1759  * Get the list of guest registers which are supported for
1760  * KVM_GET_ONE_REG/KVM_SET_ONE_REG ioctls.  Returns a kvm_reg_list pointer,
1761  * it is the caller's responsibility to free the list.
1762  */
1763 struct kvm_reg_list *vcpu_get_reg_list(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
1764 {
1765 	struct kvm_reg_list reg_list_n = { .n = 0 }, *reg_list;
1766 	int ret;
1767 
1768 	ret = __vcpu_ioctl(vcpu, KVM_GET_REG_LIST, &reg_list_n);
1769 	TEST_ASSERT(ret == -1 && errno == E2BIG, "KVM_GET_REG_LIST n=0");
1770 
1771 	reg_list = calloc(1, sizeof(*reg_list) + reg_list_n.n * sizeof(__u64));
1772 	reg_list->n = reg_list_n.n;
1773 	vcpu_ioctl(vcpu, KVM_GET_REG_LIST, reg_list);
1774 	return reg_list;
1775 }
1776 
1777 void *vcpu_map_dirty_ring(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
1778 {
1779 	u32 page_size = getpagesize();
1780 	u32 size = vcpu->vm->dirty_ring_size;
1781 
1782 	TEST_ASSERT(size > 0, "Should enable dirty ring first");
1783 
1784 	if (!vcpu->dirty_gfns) {
1785 		void *addr;
1786 
1787 		addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, vcpu->fd,
1788 			    page_size * KVM_DIRTY_LOG_PAGE_OFFSET);
1789 		TEST_ASSERT(addr == MAP_FAILED, "Dirty ring mapped private");
1790 
1791 		addr = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE, vcpu->fd,
1792 			    page_size * KVM_DIRTY_LOG_PAGE_OFFSET);
1793 		TEST_ASSERT(addr == MAP_FAILED, "Dirty ring mapped exec");
1794 
1795 		addr = __kvm_mmap(size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, vcpu->fd,
1796 				  page_size * KVM_DIRTY_LOG_PAGE_OFFSET);
1797 
1798 		vcpu->dirty_gfns = addr;
1799 		vcpu->dirty_gfns_count = size / sizeof(struct kvm_dirty_gfn);
1800 	}
1801 
1802 	return vcpu->dirty_gfns;
1803 }
1804 
1805 /*
1806  * Device Ioctl
1807  */
1808 
1809 int __kvm_has_device_attr(int dev_fd, u32 group, u64 attr)
1810 {
1811 	struct kvm_device_attr attribute = {
1812 		.group = group,
1813 		.attr = attr,
1814 		.flags = 0,
1815 	};
1816 
1817 	return ioctl(dev_fd, KVM_HAS_DEVICE_ATTR, &attribute);
1818 }
1819 
1820 int __kvm_test_create_device(struct kvm_vm *vm, u64 type)
1821 {
1822 	struct kvm_create_device create_dev = {
1823 		.type = type,
1824 		.flags = KVM_CREATE_DEVICE_TEST,
1825 	};
1826 
1827 	return __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_CREATE_DEVICE, &create_dev);
1828 }
1829 
1830 int __kvm_create_device(struct kvm_vm *vm, u64 type)
1831 {
1832 	struct kvm_create_device create_dev = {
1833 		.type = type,
1834 		.fd = -1,
1835 		.flags = 0,
1836 	};
1837 	int err;
1838 
1839 	err = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_CREATE_DEVICE, &create_dev);
1840 	TEST_ASSERT(err <= 0, "KVM_CREATE_DEVICE shouldn't return a positive value");
1841 	return err ? : create_dev.fd;
1842 }
1843 
1844 int __kvm_device_attr_get(int dev_fd, u32 group, u64 attr, void *val)
1845 {
1846 	struct kvm_device_attr kvmattr = {
1847 		.group = group,
1848 		.attr = attr,
1849 		.flags = 0,
1850 		.addr = (uintptr_t)val,
1851 	};
1852 
1853 	return __kvm_ioctl(dev_fd, KVM_GET_DEVICE_ATTR, &kvmattr);
1854 }
1855 
1856 int __kvm_device_attr_set(int dev_fd, u32 group, u64 attr, void *val)
1857 {
1858 	struct kvm_device_attr kvmattr = {
1859 		.group = group,
1860 		.attr = attr,
1861 		.flags = 0,
1862 		.addr = (uintptr_t)val,
1863 	};
1864 
1865 	return __kvm_ioctl(dev_fd, KVM_SET_DEVICE_ATTR, &kvmattr);
1866 }
1867 
1868 /*
1869  * IRQ related functions.
1870  */
1871 
1872 int _kvm_irq_line(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 irq, int level)
1873 {
1874 	struct kvm_irq_level irq_level = {
1875 		.irq    = irq,
1876 		.level  = level,
1877 	};
1878 
1879 	return __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_IRQ_LINE, &irq_level);
1880 }
1881 
1882 void kvm_irq_line(struct kvm_vm *vm, u32 irq, int level)
1883 {
1884 	int ret = _kvm_irq_line(vm, irq, level);
1885 
1886 	TEST_ASSERT(ret >= 0, KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(KVM_IRQ_LINE, ret));
1887 }
1888 
1889 struct kvm_irq_routing *kvm_gsi_routing_create(void)
1890 {
1891 	struct kvm_irq_routing *routing;
1892 	size_t size;
1893 
1894 	size = sizeof(struct kvm_irq_routing);
1895 	/* Allocate space for the max number of entries: this wastes 196 KBs. */
1896 	size += KVM_MAX_IRQ_ROUTES * sizeof(struct kvm_irq_routing_entry);
1897 	routing = calloc(1, size);
1898 	assert(routing);
1899 
1900 	return routing;
1901 }
1902 
1903 void kvm_gsi_routing_irqchip_add(struct kvm_irq_routing *routing,
1904 		u32 gsi, u32 pin)
1905 {
1906 	int i;
1907 
1908 	assert(routing);
1909 	assert(routing->nr < KVM_MAX_IRQ_ROUTES);
1910 
1911 	i = routing->nr;
1912 	routing->entries[i].gsi = gsi;
1913 	routing->entries[i].type = KVM_IRQ_ROUTING_IRQCHIP;
1914 	routing->entries[i].flags = 0;
1915 	routing->entries[i].u.irqchip.irqchip = 0;
1916 	routing->entries[i].u.irqchip.pin = pin;
1917 	routing->nr++;
1918 }
1919 
1920 int _kvm_gsi_routing_write(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_irq_routing *routing)
1921 {
1922 	int ret;
1923 
1924 	assert(routing);
1925 	ret = __vm_ioctl(vm, KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING, routing);
1926 	free(routing);
1927 
1928 	return ret;
1929 }
1930 
1931 void kvm_gsi_routing_write(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_irq_routing *routing)
1932 {
1933 	int ret;
1934 
1935 	ret = _kvm_gsi_routing_write(vm, routing);
1936 	TEST_ASSERT(!ret, KVM_IOCTL_ERROR(KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING, ret));
1937 }
1938 
1939 /*
1940  * VM Dump
1941  *
1942  * Input Args:
1943  *   vm - Virtual Machine
1944  *   indent - Left margin indent amount
1945  *
1946  * Output Args:
1947  *   stream - Output FILE stream
1948  *
1949  * Return: None
1950  *
1951  * Dumps the current state of the VM given by vm, to the FILE stream
1952  * given by stream.
1953  */
1954 void vm_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vm *vm, u8 indent)
1955 {
1956 	int ctr;
1957 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
1958 	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
1959 
1960 	fprintf(stream, "%*smode: 0x%x\n", indent, "", vm->mode);
1961 	fprintf(stream, "%*sfd: %i\n", indent, "", vm->fd);
1962 	fprintf(stream, "%*spage_size: 0x%x\n", indent, "", vm->page_size);
1963 	fprintf(stream, "%*sMem Regions:\n", indent, "");
1964 	hash_for_each(vm->regions.slot_hash, ctr, region, slot_node) {
1965 		fprintf(stream, "%*sguest_phys: 0x%lx size: 0x%lx "
1966 			"host_virt: %p\n", indent + 2, "",
1967 			(u64)region->region.guest_phys_addr,
1968 			(u64)region->region.memory_size,
1969 			region->host_mem);
1970 		fprintf(stream, "%*sunused_phy_pages: ", indent + 2, "");
1971 		sparsebit_dump(stream, region->unused_phy_pages, 0);
1972 		if (region->protected_phy_pages) {
1973 			fprintf(stream, "%*sprotected_phy_pages: ", indent + 2, "");
1974 			sparsebit_dump(stream, region->protected_phy_pages, 0);
1975 		}
1976 	}
1977 	fprintf(stream, "%*sMapped Virtual Pages:\n", indent, "");
1978 	sparsebit_dump(stream, vm->vpages_mapped, indent + 2);
1979 	fprintf(stream, "%*spgd_created: %u\n", indent, "",
1980 		vm->mmu.pgd_created);
1981 	if (vm->mmu.pgd_created) {
1982 		fprintf(stream, "%*sVirtual Translation Tables:\n",
1983 			indent + 2, "");
1984 		virt_dump(stream, vm, indent + 4);
1985 	}
1986 	fprintf(stream, "%*sVCPUs:\n", indent, "");
1987 
1988 	list_for_each_entry(vcpu, &vm->vcpus, list)
1989 		vcpu_dump(stream, vcpu, indent + 2);
1990 }
1991 
1992 #define KVM_EXIT_STRING(x) {KVM_EXIT_##x, #x}
1993 
1994 /* Known KVM exit reasons */
1995 static struct exit_reason {
1996 	unsigned int reason;
1997 	const char *name;
1998 } exit_reasons_known[] = {
1999 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(UNKNOWN),
2000 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(EXCEPTION),
2001 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(IO),
2002 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(HYPERCALL),
2003 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(DEBUG),
2004 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(HLT),
2005 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(MMIO),
2006 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(IRQ_WINDOW_OPEN),
2007 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(SHUTDOWN),
2008 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(FAIL_ENTRY),
2009 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(INTR),
2010 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(SET_TPR),
2011 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(TPR_ACCESS),
2012 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(S390_SIEIC),
2013 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(S390_RESET),
2014 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(DCR),
2015 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(NMI),
2016 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(INTERNAL_ERROR),
2017 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(OSI),
2018 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(PAPR_HCALL),
2019 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(S390_UCONTROL),
2020 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(WATCHDOG),
2021 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(S390_TSCH),
2022 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(EPR),
2023 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(SYSTEM_EVENT),
2024 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(S390_STSI),
2025 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(IOAPIC_EOI),
2026 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(HYPERV),
2027 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(ARM_NISV),
2028 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(X86_RDMSR),
2029 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(X86_WRMSR),
2030 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(DIRTY_RING_FULL),
2031 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(AP_RESET_HOLD),
2032 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(X86_BUS_LOCK),
2033 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(XEN),
2034 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(RISCV_SBI),
2035 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(RISCV_CSR),
2036 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(NOTIFY),
2037 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(LOONGARCH_IOCSR),
2038 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(MEMORY_FAULT),
2039 	KVM_EXIT_STRING(ARM_SEA),
2040 };
2041 
2042 /*
2043  * Exit Reason String
2044  *
2045  * Input Args:
2046  *   exit_reason - Exit reason
2047  *
2048  * Output Args: None
2049  *
2050  * Return:
2051  *   Constant string pointer describing the exit reason.
2052  *
2053  * Locates and returns a constant string that describes the KVM exit
2054  * reason given by exit_reason.  If no such string is found, a constant
2055  * string of "Unknown" is returned.
2056  */
2057 const char *exit_reason_str(unsigned int exit_reason)
2058 {
2059 	unsigned int n1;
2060 
2061 	for (n1 = 0; n1 < ARRAY_SIZE(exit_reasons_known); n1++) {
2062 		if (exit_reason == exit_reasons_known[n1].reason)
2063 			return exit_reasons_known[n1].name;
2064 	}
2065 
2066 	return "Unknown";
2067 }
2068 
2069 /*
2070  * Physical Contiguous Page Allocator
2071  *
2072  * Input Args:
2073  *   vm - Virtual Machine
2074  *   num - number of pages
2075  *   paddr_min - Physical address minimum
2076  *   memslot - Memory region to allocate page from
2077  *   protected - True if the pages will be used as protected/private memory
2078  *
2079  * Output Args: None
2080  *
2081  * Return:
2082  *   Starting physical address
2083  *
2084  * Within the VM specified by vm, locates a range of available physical
2085  * pages at or above paddr_min. If found, the pages are marked as in use
2086  * and their base address is returned. A TEST_ASSERT failure occurs if
2087  * not enough pages are available at or above paddr_min.
2088  */
2089 gpa_t __vm_phy_pages_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, size_t num,
2090 			   gpa_t paddr_min, u32 memslot,
2091 			   bool protected)
2092 {
2093 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
2094 	sparsebit_idx_t pg, base;
2095 
2096 	TEST_ASSERT(num > 0, "Must allocate at least one page");
2097 
2098 	TEST_ASSERT((paddr_min % vm->page_size) == 0, "Min physical address "
2099 		"not divisible by page size.\n"
2100 		"  paddr_min: 0x%lx page_size: 0x%x",
2101 		paddr_min, vm->page_size);
2102 
2103 	region = memslot2region(vm, memslot);
2104 	TEST_ASSERT(!protected || region->protected_phy_pages,
2105 		    "Region doesn't support protected memory");
2106 
2107 	base = pg = paddr_min >> vm->page_shift;
2108 	do {
2109 		for (; pg < base + num; ++pg) {
2110 			if (!sparsebit_is_set(region->unused_phy_pages, pg)) {
2111 				base = pg = sparsebit_next_set(region->unused_phy_pages, pg);
2112 				break;
2113 			}
2114 		}
2115 	} while (pg && pg != base + num);
2116 
2117 	if (pg == 0) {
2118 		fprintf(stderr, "No guest physical page available, "
2119 			"paddr_min: 0x%lx page_size: 0x%x memslot: %u\n",
2120 			paddr_min, vm->page_size, memslot);
2121 		fputs("---- vm dump ----\n", stderr);
2122 		vm_dump(stderr, vm, 2);
2123 		abort();
2124 	}
2125 
2126 	for (pg = base; pg < base + num; ++pg) {
2127 		sparsebit_clear(region->unused_phy_pages, pg);
2128 		if (protected)
2129 			sparsebit_set(region->protected_phy_pages, pg);
2130 	}
2131 
2132 	return base * vm->page_size;
2133 }
2134 
2135 gpa_t vm_phy_page_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, gpa_t paddr_min, u32 memslot)
2136 {
2137 	return vm_phy_pages_alloc(vm, 1, paddr_min, memslot);
2138 }
2139 
2140 gpa_t vm_alloc_page_table(struct kvm_vm *vm)
2141 {
2142 	return vm_phy_page_alloc(vm, KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR,
2143 				 vm->memslots[MEM_REGION_PT]);
2144 }
2145 
2146 /*
2147  * Address Guest Virtual to Host Virtual
2148  *
2149  * Input Args:
2150  *   vm - Virtual Machine
2151  *   gva - VM virtual address
2152  *
2153  * Output Args: None
2154  *
2155  * Return:
2156  *   Equivalent host virtual address
2157  */
2158 void *addr_gva2hva(struct kvm_vm *vm, gva_t gva)
2159 {
2160 	return addr_gpa2hva(vm, addr_gva2gpa(vm, gva));
2161 }
2162 
2163 unsigned long __weak vm_compute_max_gfn(struct kvm_vm *vm)
2164 {
2165 	return ((1ULL << vm->pa_bits) >> vm->page_shift) - 1;
2166 }
2167 
2168 static unsigned int vm_calc_num_pages(unsigned int num_pages,
2169 				      unsigned int page_shift,
2170 				      unsigned int new_page_shift,
2171 				      bool ceil)
2172 {
2173 	unsigned int n = 1 << (new_page_shift - page_shift);
2174 
2175 	if (page_shift >= new_page_shift)
2176 		return num_pages * (1 << (page_shift - new_page_shift));
2177 
2178 	return num_pages / n + !!(ceil && num_pages % n);
2179 }
2180 
2181 static inline int getpageshift(void)
2182 {
2183 	return __builtin_ffs(getpagesize()) - 1;
2184 }
2185 
2186 unsigned int
2187 vm_num_host_pages(enum vm_guest_mode mode, unsigned int num_guest_pages)
2188 {
2189 	return vm_calc_num_pages(num_guest_pages,
2190 				 vm_guest_mode_params[mode].page_shift,
2191 				 getpageshift(), true);
2192 }
2193 
2194 unsigned int
2195 vm_num_guest_pages(enum vm_guest_mode mode, unsigned int num_host_pages)
2196 {
2197 	return vm_calc_num_pages(num_host_pages, getpageshift(),
2198 				 vm_guest_mode_params[mode].page_shift, false);
2199 }
2200 
2201 unsigned int vm_calc_num_guest_pages(enum vm_guest_mode mode, size_t size)
2202 {
2203 	unsigned int n;
2204 	n = DIV_ROUND_UP(size, vm_guest_mode_params[mode].page_size);
2205 	return vm_adjust_num_guest_pages(mode, n);
2206 }
2207 
2208 /*
2209  * Read binary stats descriptors
2210  *
2211  * Input Args:
2212  *   stats_fd - the file descriptor for the binary stats file from which to read
2213  *   header - the binary stats metadata header corresponding to the given FD
2214  *
2215  * Output Args: None
2216  *
2217  * Return:
2218  *   A pointer to a newly allocated series of stat descriptors.
2219  *   Caller is responsible for freeing the returned kvm_stats_desc.
2220  *
2221  * Read the stats descriptors from the binary stats interface.
2222  */
2223 struct kvm_stats_desc *read_stats_descriptors(int stats_fd,
2224 					      struct kvm_stats_header *header)
2225 {
2226 	struct kvm_stats_desc *stats_desc;
2227 	ssize_t desc_size, total_size, ret;
2228 
2229 	desc_size = get_stats_descriptor_size(header);
2230 	total_size = header->num_desc * desc_size;
2231 
2232 	stats_desc = calloc(header->num_desc, desc_size);
2233 	TEST_ASSERT(stats_desc, "Allocate memory for stats descriptors");
2234 
2235 	ret = pread(stats_fd, stats_desc, total_size, header->desc_offset);
2236 	TEST_ASSERT(ret == total_size, "Read KVM stats descriptors");
2237 
2238 	return stats_desc;
2239 }
2240 
2241 /*
2242  * Read stat data for a particular stat
2243  *
2244  * Input Args:
2245  *   stats_fd - the file descriptor for the binary stats file from which to read
2246  *   header - the binary stats metadata header corresponding to the given FD
2247  *   desc - the binary stat metadata for the particular stat to be read
2248  *   max_elements - the maximum number of 8-byte values to read into data
2249  *
2250  * Output Args:
2251  *   data - the buffer into which stat data should be read
2252  *
2253  * Read the data values of a specified stat from the binary stats interface.
2254  */
2255 void read_stat_data(int stats_fd, struct kvm_stats_header *header,
2256 		    struct kvm_stats_desc *desc, u64 *data,
2257 		    size_t max_elements)
2258 {
2259 	size_t nr_elements = min_t(ssize_t, desc->size, max_elements);
2260 	size_t size = nr_elements * sizeof(*data);
2261 	ssize_t ret;
2262 
2263 	TEST_ASSERT(desc->size, "No elements in stat '%s'", desc->name);
2264 	TEST_ASSERT(max_elements, "Zero elements requested for stat '%s'", desc->name);
2265 
2266 	ret = pread(stats_fd, data, size,
2267 		    header->data_offset + desc->offset);
2268 
2269 	TEST_ASSERT(ret >= 0, "pread() failed on stat '%s', errno: %i (%s)",
2270 		    desc->name, errno, strerror(errno));
2271 	TEST_ASSERT(ret == size,
2272 		    "pread() on stat '%s' read %ld bytes, wanted %lu bytes",
2273 		    desc->name, size, ret);
2274 }
2275 
2276 void kvm_get_stat(struct kvm_binary_stats *stats, const char *name,
2277 		  u64 *data, size_t max_elements)
2278 {
2279 	struct kvm_stats_desc *desc;
2280 	size_t size_desc;
2281 	int i;
2282 
2283 	if (!stats->desc) {
2284 		read_stats_header(stats->fd, &stats->header);
2285 		stats->desc = read_stats_descriptors(stats->fd, &stats->header);
2286 	}
2287 
2288 	size_desc = get_stats_descriptor_size(&stats->header);
2289 
2290 	for (i = 0; i < stats->header.num_desc; ++i) {
2291 		desc = (void *)stats->desc + (i * size_desc);
2292 
2293 		if (strcmp(desc->name, name))
2294 			continue;
2295 
2296 		read_stat_data(stats->fd, &stats->header, desc, data, max_elements);
2297 		return;
2298 	}
2299 
2300 	TEST_FAIL("Unable to find stat '%s'", name);
2301 }
2302 
2303 __weak void kvm_arch_vm_post_create(struct kvm_vm *vm, unsigned int nr_vcpus)
2304 {
2305 }
2306 
2307 __weak void kvm_arch_vm_finalize_vcpus(struct kvm_vm *vm)
2308 {
2309 }
2310 
2311 __weak void kvm_arch_vm_release(struct kvm_vm *vm)
2312 {
2313 }
2314 
2315 __weak void kvm_selftest_arch_init(void)
2316 {
2317 }
2318 
2319 static void report_unexpected_signal(int signum)
2320 {
2321 #define KVM_CASE_SIGNUM(sig)					\
2322 	case sig: TEST_FAIL("Unexpected " #sig " (%d)\n", signum)
2323 
2324 	switch (signum) {
2325 	KVM_CASE_SIGNUM(SIGBUS);
2326 	KVM_CASE_SIGNUM(SIGSEGV);
2327 	KVM_CASE_SIGNUM(SIGILL);
2328 	KVM_CASE_SIGNUM(SIGFPE);
2329 	default:
2330 		TEST_FAIL("Unexpected signal %d\n", signum);
2331 	}
2332 }
2333 
2334 void __attribute((constructor)) kvm_selftest_init(void)
2335 {
2336 	struct sigaction sig_sa = {
2337 		.sa_handler = report_unexpected_signal,
2338 	};
2339 
2340 	/* Tell stdout not to buffer its content. */
2341 	setbuf(stdout, NULL);
2342 
2343 	sigaction(SIGBUS, &sig_sa, NULL);
2344 	sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sig_sa, NULL);
2345 	sigaction(SIGILL, &sig_sa, NULL);
2346 	sigaction(SIGFPE, &sig_sa, NULL);
2347 
2348 	guest_random_seed = last_guest_seed = random();
2349 	pr_info("Random seed: 0x%x\n", guest_random_seed);
2350 
2351 	kvm_selftest_arch_init();
2352 }
2353 
2354 bool vm_is_gpa_protected(struct kvm_vm *vm, gpa_t paddr)
2355 {
2356 	sparsebit_idx_t pg = 0;
2357 	struct userspace_mem_region *region;
2358 
2359 	if (!vm_arch_has_protected_memory(vm))
2360 		return false;
2361 
2362 	region = userspace_mem_region_find(vm, paddr, paddr);
2363 	TEST_ASSERT(region, "No vm physical memory at 0x%lx", paddr);
2364 
2365 	pg = paddr >> vm->page_shift;
2366 	return sparsebit_is_set(region->protected_phy_pages, pg);
2367 }
2368 
2369 __weak bool kvm_arch_has_default_irqchip(void)
2370 {
2371 	return false;
2372 }
2373