xref: /linux/tools/testing/selftests/kselftest_harness.h (revision 9ffd93852fc66f2bdf61a574db107f106e9fb2ff)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
3  * Use of this source code is governed by the GPLv2 license.
4  *
5  * kselftest_harness.h: simple C unit test helper.
6  *
7  * See documentation in Documentation/dev-tools/kselftest.rst
8  *
9  * API inspired by code.google.com/p/googletest
10  */
11 
12 /**
13  * DOC: example
14  *
15  * .. code-block:: c
16  *
17  *    #include "../kselftest_harness.h"
18  *
19  *    TEST(standalone_test) {
20  *      do_some_stuff;
21  *      EXPECT_GT(10, stuff) {
22  *         stuff_state_t state;
23  *         enumerate_stuff_state(&state);
24  *         TH_LOG("expectation failed with state: %s", state.msg);
25  *      }
26  *      more_stuff;
27  *      ASSERT_NE(some_stuff, NULL) TH_LOG("how did it happen?!");
28  *      last_stuff;
29  *      EXPECT_EQ(0, last_stuff);
30  *    }
31  *
32  *    FIXTURE(my_fixture) {
33  *      mytype_t *data;
34  *      int awesomeness_level;
35  *    };
36  *    FIXTURE_SETUP(my_fixture) {
37  *      self->data = mytype_new();
38  *      ASSERT_NE(NULL, self->data);
39  *    }
40  *    FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(my_fixture) {
41  *      mytype_free(self->data);
42  *    }
43  *    TEST_F(my_fixture, data_is_good) {
44  *      EXPECT_EQ(1, is_my_data_good(self->data));
45  *    }
46  *
47  *    TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
48  */
49 
50 #ifndef __KSELFTEST_HARNESS_H
51 #define __KSELFTEST_HARNESS_H
52 
53 #define _GNU_SOURCE
54 #include <stdint.h>
55 #include <stdio.h>
56 #include <stdlib.h>
57 #include <string.h>
58 #include <sys/types.h>
59 #include <sys/wait.h>
60 #include <unistd.h>
61 
62 
63 /* Utilities exposed to the test definitions */
64 #ifndef TH_LOG_STREAM
65 #  define TH_LOG_STREAM stderr
66 #endif
67 
68 #ifndef TH_LOG_ENABLED
69 #  define TH_LOG_ENABLED 1
70 #endif
71 
72 /**
73  * TH_LOG(fmt, ...)
74  *
75  * @fmt: format string
76  * @...: optional arguments
77  *
78  * .. code-block:: c
79  *
80  *     TH_LOG(format, ...)
81  *
82  * Optional debug logging function available for use in tests.
83  * Logging may be enabled or disabled by defining TH_LOG_ENABLED.
84  * E.g., #define TH_LOG_ENABLED 1
85  *
86  * If no definition is provided, logging is enabled by default.
87  */
88 #define TH_LOG(fmt, ...) do { \
89 	if (TH_LOG_ENABLED) \
90 		__TH_LOG(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
91 } while (0)
92 
93 /* Unconditional logger for internal use. */
94 #define __TH_LOG(fmt, ...) \
95 		fprintf(TH_LOG_STREAM, "%s:%d:%s:" fmt "\n", \
96 			__FILE__, __LINE__, _metadata->name, ##__VA_ARGS__)
97 
98 /**
99  * TEST(test_name) - Defines the test function and creates the registration
100  * stub
101  *
102  * @test_name: test name
103  *
104  * .. code-block:: c
105  *
106  *     TEST(name) { implementation }
107  *
108  * Defines a test by name.
109  * Names must be unique and tests must not be run in parallel.  The
110  * implementation containing block is a function and scoping should be treated
111  * as such.  Returning early may be performed with a bare "return;" statement.
112  *
113  * EXPECT_* and ASSERT_* are valid in a TEST() { } context.
114  */
115 #define TEST(test_name) __TEST_IMPL(test_name, -1)
116 
117 /**
118  * TEST_SIGNAL(test_name, signal)
119  *
120  * @test_name: test name
121  * @signal: signal number
122  *
123  * .. code-block:: c
124  *
125  *     TEST_SIGNAL(name, signal) { implementation }
126  *
127  * Defines a test by name and the expected term signal.
128  * Names must be unique and tests must not be run in parallel.  The
129  * implementation containing block is a function and scoping should be treated
130  * as such.  Returning early may be performed with a bare "return;" statement.
131  *
132  * EXPECT_* and ASSERT_* are valid in a TEST() { } context.
133  */
134 #define TEST_SIGNAL(test_name, signal) __TEST_IMPL(test_name, signal)
135 
136 #define __TEST_IMPL(test_name, _signal) \
137 	static void test_name(struct __test_metadata *_metadata); \
138 	static struct __test_metadata _##test_name##_object = \
139 		{ name: "global." #test_name, \
140 		  fn: &test_name, termsig: _signal }; \
141 	static void __attribute__((constructor)) _register_##test_name(void) \
142 	{ \
143 		__register_test(&_##test_name##_object); \
144 	} \
145 	static void test_name( \
146 		struct __test_metadata __attribute__((unused)) *_metadata)
147 
148 /**
149  * FIXTURE_DATA(datatype_name) - Wraps the struct name so we have one less
150  * argument to pass around
151  *
152  * @datatype_name: datatype name
153  *
154  * .. code-block:: c
155  *
156  *     FIXTURE_DATA(datatype name)
157  *
158  * This call may be used when the type of the fixture data
159  * is needed.  In general, this should not be needed unless
160  * the *self* is being passed to a helper directly.
161  */
162 #define FIXTURE_DATA(datatype_name) struct _test_data_##datatype_name
163 
164 /**
165  * FIXTURE(fixture_name) - Called once per fixture to setup the data and
166  * register
167  *
168  * @fixture_name: fixture name
169  *
170  * .. code-block:: c
171  *
172  *     FIXTURE(datatype name) {
173  *       type property1;
174  *       ...
175  *     };
176  *
177  * Defines the data provided to TEST_F()-defined tests as *self*.  It should be
178  * populated and cleaned up using FIXTURE_SETUP() and FIXTURE_TEARDOWN().
179  */
180 #define FIXTURE(fixture_name) \
181 	static void __attribute__((constructor)) \
182 	_register_##fixture_name##_data(void) \
183 	{ \
184 		__fixture_count++; \
185 	} \
186 	FIXTURE_DATA(fixture_name)
187 
188 /**
189  * FIXTURE_SETUP(fixture_name) - Prepares the setup function for the fixture.
190  * *_metadata* is included so that ASSERT_* work as a convenience
191  *
192  * @fixture_name: fixture name
193  *
194  * .. code-block:: c
195  *
196  *     FIXTURE_SETUP(fixture name) { implementation }
197  *
198  * Populates the required "setup" function for a fixture.  An instance of the
199  * datatype defined with FIXTURE_DATA() will be exposed as *self* for the
200  * implementation.
201  *
202  * ASSERT_* are valid for use in this context and will prempt the execution
203  * of any dependent fixture tests.
204  *
205  * A bare "return;" statement may be used to return early.
206  */
207 #define FIXTURE_SETUP(fixture_name) \
208 	void fixture_name##_setup( \
209 		struct __test_metadata __attribute__((unused)) *_metadata, \
210 		FIXTURE_DATA(fixture_name) __attribute__((unused)) *self)
211 /**
212  * FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(fixture_name)
213  *
214  * @fixture_name: fixture name
215  *
216  * .. code-block:: c
217  *
218  *     FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(fixture name) { implementation }
219  *
220  * Populates the required "teardown" function for a fixture.  An instance of the
221  * datatype defined with FIXTURE_DATA() will be exposed as *self* for the
222  * implementation to clean up.
223  *
224  * A bare "return;" statement may be used to return early.
225  */
226 #define FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(fixture_name) \
227 	void fixture_name##_teardown( \
228 		struct __test_metadata __attribute__((unused)) *_metadata, \
229 		FIXTURE_DATA(fixture_name) __attribute__((unused)) *self)
230 
231 /**
232  * TEST_F(fixture_name, test_name) - Emits test registration and helpers for
233  * fixture-based test cases
234  *
235  * @fixture_name: fixture name
236  * @test_name: test name
237  *
238  * .. code-block:: c
239  *
240  *     TEST_F(fixture, name) { implementation }
241  *
242  * Defines a test that depends on a fixture (e.g., is part of a test case).
243  * Very similar to TEST() except that *self* is the setup instance of fixture's
244  * datatype exposed for use by the implementation.
245  */
246 /* TODO(wad) register fixtures on dedicated test lists. */
247 #define TEST_F(fixture_name, test_name) \
248 	__TEST_F_IMPL(fixture_name, test_name, -1)
249 
250 #define TEST_F_SIGNAL(fixture_name, test_name, signal) \
251 	__TEST_F_IMPL(fixture_name, test_name, signal)
252 
253 #define __TEST_F_IMPL(fixture_name, test_name, signal) \
254 	static void fixture_name##_##test_name( \
255 		struct __test_metadata *_metadata, \
256 		FIXTURE_DATA(fixture_name) *self); \
257 	static inline void wrapper_##fixture_name##_##test_name( \
258 		struct __test_metadata *_metadata) \
259 	{ \
260 		/* fixture data is alloced, setup, and torn down per call. */ \
261 		FIXTURE_DATA(fixture_name) self; \
262 		memset(&self, 0, sizeof(FIXTURE_DATA(fixture_name))); \
263 		fixture_name##_setup(_metadata, &self); \
264 		/* Let setup failure terminate early. */ \
265 		if (!_metadata->passed) \
266 			return; \
267 		fixture_name##_##test_name(_metadata, &self); \
268 		fixture_name##_teardown(_metadata, &self); \
269 	} \
270 	static struct __test_metadata \
271 		      _##fixture_name##_##test_name##_object = { \
272 		name: #fixture_name "." #test_name, \
273 		fn: &wrapper_##fixture_name##_##test_name, \
274 		termsig: signal, \
275 	 }; \
276 	static void __attribute__((constructor)) \
277 			_register_##fixture_name##_##test_name(void) \
278 	{ \
279 		__register_test(&_##fixture_name##_##test_name##_object); \
280 	} \
281 	static void fixture_name##_##test_name( \
282 		struct __test_metadata __attribute__((unused)) *_metadata, \
283 		FIXTURE_DATA(fixture_name) __attribute__((unused)) *self)
284 
285 /**
286  * TEST_HARNESS_MAIN - Simple wrapper to run the test harness
287  *
288  * .. code-block:: c
289  *
290  *     TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
291  *
292  * Use once to append a main() to the test file.
293  */
294 #define TEST_HARNESS_MAIN \
295 	static void __attribute__((constructor)) \
296 	__constructor_order_last(void) \
297 	{ \
298 		if (!__constructor_order) \
299 			__constructor_order = _CONSTRUCTOR_ORDER_BACKWARD; \
300 	} \
301 	int main(int argc, char **argv) { \
302 		return test_harness_run(argc, argv); \
303 	}
304 
305 /**
306  * DOC: operators
307  *
308  * Operators for use in TEST() and TEST_F().
309  * ASSERT_* calls will stop test execution immediately.
310  * EXPECT_* calls will emit a failure warning, note it, and continue.
311  */
312 
313 /**
314  * ASSERT_EQ(expected, seen)
315  *
316  * @expected: expected value
317  * @seen: measured value
318  *
319  * ASSERT_EQ(expected, measured): expected == measured
320  */
321 #define ASSERT_EQ(expected, seen) \
322 	__EXPECT(expected, seen, ==, 1)
323 
324 /**
325  * ASSERT_NE(expected, seen)
326  *
327  * @expected: expected value
328  * @seen: measured value
329  *
330  * ASSERT_NE(expected, measured): expected != measured
331  */
332 #define ASSERT_NE(expected, seen) \
333 	__EXPECT(expected, seen, !=, 1)
334 
335 /**
336  * ASSERT_LT(expected, seen)
337  *
338  * @expected: expected value
339  * @seen: measured value
340  *
341  * ASSERT_LT(expected, measured): expected < measured
342  */
343 #define ASSERT_LT(expected, seen) \
344 	__EXPECT(expected, seen, <, 1)
345 
346 /**
347  * ASSERT_LE(expected, seen)
348  *
349  * @expected: expected value
350  * @seen: measured value
351  *
352  * ASSERT_LE(expected, measured): expected <= measured
353  */
354 #define ASSERT_LE(expected, seen) \
355 	__EXPECT(expected, seen, <=, 1)
356 
357 /**
358  * ASSERT_GT(expected, seen)
359  *
360  * @expected: expected value
361  * @seen: measured value
362  *
363  * ASSERT_GT(expected, measured): expected > measured
364  */
365 #define ASSERT_GT(expected, seen) \
366 	__EXPECT(expected, seen, >, 1)
367 
368 /**
369  * ASSERT_GE(expected, seen)
370  *
371  * @expected: expected value
372  * @seen: measured value
373  *
374  * ASSERT_GE(expected, measured): expected >= measured
375  */
376 #define ASSERT_GE(expected, seen) \
377 	__EXPECT(expected, seen, >=, 1)
378 
379 /**
380  * ASSERT_NULL(seen)
381  *
382  * @seen: measured value
383  *
384  * ASSERT_NULL(measured): NULL == measured
385  */
386 #define ASSERT_NULL(seen) \
387 	__EXPECT(NULL, seen, ==, 1)
388 
389 /**
390  * ASSERT_TRUE(seen)
391  *
392  * @seen: measured value
393  *
394  * ASSERT_TRUE(measured): measured != 0
395  */
396 #define ASSERT_TRUE(seen) \
397 	ASSERT_NE(0, seen)
398 
399 /**
400  * ASSERT_FALSE(seen)
401  *
402  * @seen: measured value
403  *
404  * ASSERT_FALSE(measured): measured == 0
405  */
406 #define ASSERT_FALSE(seen) \
407 	ASSERT_EQ(0, seen)
408 
409 /**
410  * ASSERT_STREQ(expected, seen)
411  *
412  * @expected: expected value
413  * @seen: measured value
414  *
415  * ASSERT_STREQ(expected, measured): !strcmp(expected, measured)
416  */
417 #define ASSERT_STREQ(expected, seen) \
418 	__EXPECT_STR(expected, seen, ==, 1)
419 
420 /**
421  * ASSERT_STRNE(expected, seen)
422  *
423  * @expected: expected value
424  * @seen: measured value
425  *
426  * ASSERT_STRNE(expected, measured): strcmp(expected, measured)
427  */
428 #define ASSERT_STRNE(expected, seen) \
429 	__EXPECT_STR(expected, seen, !=, 1)
430 
431 /**
432  * EXPECT_EQ(expected, seen)
433  *
434  * @expected: expected value
435  * @seen: measured value
436  *
437  * EXPECT_EQ(expected, measured): expected == measured
438  */
439 #define EXPECT_EQ(expected, seen) \
440 	__EXPECT(expected, seen, ==, 0)
441 
442 /**
443  * EXPECT_NE(expected, seen)
444  *
445  * @expected: expected value
446  * @seen: measured value
447  *
448  * EXPECT_NE(expected, measured): expected != measured
449  */
450 #define EXPECT_NE(expected, seen) \
451 	__EXPECT(expected, seen, !=, 0)
452 
453 /**
454  * EXPECT_LT(expected, seen)
455  *
456  * @expected: expected value
457  * @seen: measured value
458  *
459  * EXPECT_LT(expected, measured): expected < measured
460  */
461 #define EXPECT_LT(expected, seen) \
462 	__EXPECT(expected, seen, <, 0)
463 
464 /**
465  * EXPECT_LE(expected, seen)
466  *
467  * @expected: expected value
468  * @seen: measured value
469  *
470  * EXPECT_LE(expected, measured): expected <= measured
471  */
472 #define EXPECT_LE(expected, seen) \
473 	__EXPECT(expected, seen, <=, 0)
474 
475 /**
476  * EXPECT_GT(expected, seen)
477  *
478  * @expected: expected value
479  * @seen: measured value
480  *
481  * EXPECT_GT(expected, measured): expected > measured
482  */
483 #define EXPECT_GT(expected, seen) \
484 	__EXPECT(expected, seen, >, 0)
485 
486 /**
487  * EXPECT_GE(expected, seen)
488  *
489  * @expected: expected value
490  * @seen: measured value
491  *
492  * EXPECT_GE(expected, measured): expected >= measured
493  */
494 #define EXPECT_GE(expected, seen) \
495 	__EXPECT(expected, seen, >=, 0)
496 
497 /**
498  * EXPECT_NULL(seen)
499  *
500  * @seen: measured value
501  *
502  * EXPECT_NULL(measured): NULL == measured
503  */
504 #define EXPECT_NULL(seen) \
505 	__EXPECT(NULL, seen, ==, 0)
506 
507 /**
508  * EXPECT_TRUE(seen)
509  *
510  * @seen: measured value
511  *
512  * EXPECT_TRUE(measured): 0 != measured
513  */
514 #define EXPECT_TRUE(seen) \
515 	EXPECT_NE(0, seen)
516 
517 /**
518  * EXPECT_FALSE(seen)
519  *
520  * @seen: measured value
521  *
522  * EXPECT_FALSE(measured): 0 == measured
523  */
524 #define EXPECT_FALSE(seen) \
525 	EXPECT_EQ(0, seen)
526 
527 /**
528  * EXPECT_STREQ(expected, seen)
529  *
530  * @expected: expected value
531  * @seen: measured value
532  *
533  * EXPECT_STREQ(expected, measured): !strcmp(expected, measured)
534  */
535 #define EXPECT_STREQ(expected, seen) \
536 	__EXPECT_STR(expected, seen, ==, 0)
537 
538 /**
539  * EXPECT_STRNE(expected, seen)
540  *
541  * @expected: expected value
542  * @seen: measured value
543  *
544  * EXPECT_STRNE(expected, measured): strcmp(expected, measured)
545  */
546 #define EXPECT_STRNE(expected, seen) \
547 	__EXPECT_STR(expected, seen, !=, 0)
548 
549 #define ARRAY_SIZE(a)	(sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]))
550 
551 /* Support an optional handler after and ASSERT_* or EXPECT_*.  The approach is
552  * not thread-safe, but it should be fine in most sane test scenarios.
553  *
554  * Using __bail(), which optionally abort()s, is the easiest way to early
555  * return while still providing an optional block to the API consumer.
556  */
557 #define OPTIONAL_HANDLER(_assert) \
558 	for (; _metadata->trigger;  _metadata->trigger = __bail(_assert))
559 
560 #define __EXPECT(_expected, _seen, _t, _assert) do { \
561 	/* Avoid multiple evaluation of the cases */ \
562 	__typeof__(_expected) __exp = (_expected); \
563 	__typeof__(_seen) __seen = (_seen); \
564 	if (!(__exp _t __seen)) { \
565 		unsigned long long __exp_print = (uintptr_t)__exp; \
566 		unsigned long long __seen_print = (uintptr_t)__seen; \
567 		__TH_LOG("Expected %s (%llu) %s %s (%llu)", \
568 			 #_expected, __exp_print, #_t, \
569 			 #_seen, __seen_print); \
570 		_metadata->passed = 0; \
571 		/* Ensure the optional handler is triggered */ \
572 		_metadata->trigger = 1; \
573 	} \
574 } while (0); OPTIONAL_HANDLER(_assert)
575 
576 #define __EXPECT_STR(_expected, _seen, _t, _assert) do { \
577 	const char *__exp = (_expected); \
578 	const char *__seen = (_seen); \
579 	if (!(strcmp(__exp, __seen) _t 0))  { \
580 		__TH_LOG("Expected '%s' %s '%s'.", __exp, #_t, __seen); \
581 		_metadata->passed = 0; \
582 		_metadata->trigger = 1; \
583 	} \
584 } while (0); OPTIONAL_HANDLER(_assert)
585 
586 /* Contains all the information for test execution and status checking. */
587 struct __test_metadata {
588 	const char *name;
589 	void (*fn)(struct __test_metadata *);
590 	int termsig;
591 	int passed;
592 	int trigger; /* extra handler after the evaluation */
593 	struct __test_metadata *prev, *next;
594 };
595 
596 /* Storage for the (global) tests to be run. */
597 static struct __test_metadata *__test_list;
598 static unsigned int __test_count;
599 static unsigned int __fixture_count;
600 static int __constructor_order;
601 
602 #define _CONSTRUCTOR_ORDER_FORWARD   1
603 #define _CONSTRUCTOR_ORDER_BACKWARD -1
604 
605 /*
606  * Since constructors are called in reverse order, reverse the test
607  * list so tests are run in source declaration order.
608  * https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gccint/Initialization.html
609  * However, it seems not all toolchains do this correctly, so use
610  * __constructor_order to detect which direction is called first
611  * and adjust list building logic to get things running in the right
612  * direction.
613  */
614 static inline void __register_test(struct __test_metadata *t)
615 {
616 	__test_count++;
617 	/* Circular linked list where only prev is circular. */
618 	if (__test_list == NULL) {
619 		__test_list = t;
620 		t->next = NULL;
621 		t->prev = t;
622 		return;
623 	}
624 	if (__constructor_order == _CONSTRUCTOR_ORDER_FORWARD) {
625 		t->next = NULL;
626 		t->prev = __test_list->prev;
627 		t->prev->next = t;
628 		__test_list->prev = t;
629 	} else {
630 		t->next = __test_list;
631 		t->next->prev = t;
632 		t->prev = t;
633 		__test_list = t;
634 	}
635 }
636 
637 static inline int __bail(int for_realz)
638 {
639 	if (for_realz)
640 		abort();
641 	return 0;
642 }
643 
644 void __run_test(struct __test_metadata *t)
645 {
646 	pid_t child_pid;
647 	int status;
648 
649 	t->passed = 1;
650 	t->trigger = 0;
651 	printf("[ RUN      ] %s\n", t->name);
652 	child_pid = fork();
653 	if (child_pid < 0) {
654 		printf("ERROR SPAWNING TEST CHILD\n");
655 		t->passed = 0;
656 	} else if (child_pid == 0) {
657 		t->fn(t);
658 		_exit(t->passed);
659 	} else {
660 		/* TODO(wad) add timeout support. */
661 		waitpid(child_pid, &status, 0);
662 		if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
663 			t->passed = t->termsig == -1 ? WEXITSTATUS(status) : 0;
664 			if (t->termsig != -1) {
665 				fprintf(TH_LOG_STREAM,
666 					"%s: Test exited normally "
667 					"instead of by signal (code: %d)\n",
668 					t->name,
669 					WEXITSTATUS(status));
670 			}
671 		} else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
672 			t->passed = 0;
673 			if (WTERMSIG(status) == SIGABRT) {
674 				fprintf(TH_LOG_STREAM,
675 					"%s: Test terminated by assertion\n",
676 					t->name);
677 			} else if (WTERMSIG(status) == t->termsig) {
678 				t->passed = 1;
679 			} else {
680 				fprintf(TH_LOG_STREAM,
681 					"%s: Test terminated unexpectedly "
682 					"by signal %d\n",
683 					t->name,
684 					WTERMSIG(status));
685 			}
686 		} else {
687 			fprintf(TH_LOG_STREAM,
688 				"%s: Test ended in some other way [%u]\n",
689 				t->name,
690 				status);
691 		}
692 	}
693 	printf("[     %4s ] %s\n", (t->passed ? "OK" : "FAIL"), t->name);
694 }
695 
696 static int test_harness_run(int __attribute__((unused)) argc,
697 			    char __attribute__((unused)) **argv)
698 {
699 	struct __test_metadata *t;
700 	int ret = 0;
701 	unsigned int count = 0;
702 	unsigned int pass_count = 0;
703 
704 	/* TODO(wad) add optional arguments similar to gtest. */
705 	printf("[==========] Running %u tests from %u test cases.\n",
706 	       __test_count, __fixture_count + 1);
707 	for (t = __test_list; t; t = t->next) {
708 		count++;
709 		__run_test(t);
710 		if (t->passed)
711 			pass_count++;
712 		else
713 			ret = 1;
714 	}
715 	printf("[==========] %u / %u tests passed.\n", pass_count, count);
716 	printf("[  %s  ]\n", (ret ? "FAILED" : "PASSED"));
717 	return ret;
718 }
719 
720 static void __attribute__((constructor)) __constructor_order_first(void)
721 {
722 	if (!__constructor_order)
723 		__constructor_order = _CONSTRUCTOR_ORDER_FORWARD;
724 }
725 
726 #endif  /* __KSELFTEST_HARNESS_H */
727