xref: /linux/tools/testing/selftests/capabilities/test_execve.c (revision b85d45947951d23cb22d90caecf4c1eb81342c96)
1 #define _GNU_SOURCE
2 
3 #include <cap-ng.h>
4 #include <err.h>
5 #include <linux/capability.h>
6 #include <stdbool.h>
7 #include <string.h>
8 #include <stdio.h>
9 #include <fcntl.h>
10 #include <errno.h>
11 #include <stdarg.h>
12 #include <sched.h>
13 #include <sys/mount.h>
14 #include <limits.h>
15 #include <libgen.h>
16 #include <malloc.h>
17 #include <sys/wait.h>
18 #include <sys/prctl.h>
19 #include <sys/stat.h>
20 
21 #ifndef PR_CAP_AMBIENT
22 #define PR_CAP_AMBIENT			47
23 # define PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET		1
24 # define PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE		2
25 # define PR_CAP_AMBIENT_LOWER		3
26 # define PR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL	4
27 #endif
28 
29 static int nerrs;
30 
31 static void vmaybe_write_file(bool enoent_ok, char *filename, char *fmt, va_list ap)
32 {
33 	char buf[4096];
34 	int fd;
35 	ssize_t written;
36 	int buf_len;
37 
38 	buf_len = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
39 	if (buf_len < 0) {
40 		err(1, "vsnprintf failed");
41 	}
42 	if (buf_len >= sizeof(buf)) {
43 		errx(1, "vsnprintf output truncated");
44 	}
45 
46 	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY);
47 	if (fd < 0) {
48 		if ((errno == ENOENT) && enoent_ok)
49 			return;
50 		err(1, "open of %s failed", filename);
51 	}
52 	written = write(fd, buf, buf_len);
53 	if (written != buf_len) {
54 		if (written >= 0) {
55 			errx(1, "short write to %s", filename);
56 		} else {
57 			err(1, "write to %s failed", filename);
58 		}
59 	}
60 	if (close(fd) != 0) {
61 		err(1, "close of %s failed", filename);
62 	}
63 }
64 
65 static void maybe_write_file(char *filename, char *fmt, ...)
66 {
67 	va_list ap;
68 
69 	va_start(ap, fmt);
70 	vmaybe_write_file(true, filename, fmt, ap);
71 	va_end(ap);
72 }
73 
74 static void write_file(char *filename, char *fmt, ...)
75 {
76 	va_list ap;
77 
78 	va_start(ap, fmt);
79 	vmaybe_write_file(false, filename, fmt, ap);
80 	va_end(ap);
81 }
82 
83 static bool create_and_enter_ns(uid_t inner_uid)
84 {
85 	uid_t outer_uid;
86 	gid_t outer_gid;
87 	int i;
88 	bool have_outer_privilege;
89 
90 	outer_uid = getuid();
91 	outer_gid = getgid();
92 
93 	/*
94 	 * TODO: If we're already root, we could skip creating the userns.
95 	 */
96 
97 	if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) == 0) {
98 		printf("[NOTE]\tUsing global UIDs for tests\n");
99 		if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
100 			err(1, "PR_SET_KEEPCAPS");
101 		if (setresuid(inner_uid, inner_uid, -1) != 0)
102 			err(1, "setresuid");
103 
104 		// Re-enable effective caps
105 		capng_get_caps_process();
106 		for (i = 0; i < CAP_LAST_CAP; i++)
107 			if (capng_have_capability(CAPNG_PERMITTED, i))
108 				capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, i);
109 		if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
110 			err(1, "capng_apply");
111 
112 		have_outer_privilege = true;
113 	} else if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS) == 0) {
114 		printf("[NOTE]\tUsing a user namespace for tests\n");
115 		maybe_write_file("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny");
116 		write_file("/proc/self/uid_map", "%d %d 1", inner_uid, outer_uid);
117 		write_file("/proc/self/gid_map", "0 %d 1", outer_gid);
118 
119 		have_outer_privilege = false;
120 	} else {
121 		errx(1, "must be root or be able to create a userns");
122 	}
123 
124 	if (mount("none", "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL) != 0)
125 		err(1, "remount everything private");
126 
127 	return have_outer_privilege;
128 }
129 
130 static void chdir_to_tmpfs(void)
131 {
132 	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
133 	if (getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) != cwd)
134 		err(1, "getcwd");
135 
136 	if (mount("private_tmp", ".", "tmpfs", 0, "mode=0777") != 0)
137 		err(1, "mount private tmpfs");
138 
139 	if (chdir(cwd) != 0)
140 		err(1, "chdir to private tmpfs");
141 
142 	if (umount2(".", MNT_DETACH) != 0)
143 		err(1, "detach private tmpfs");
144 }
145 
146 static void copy_fromat_to(int fromfd, const char *fromname, const char *toname)
147 {
148 	int from = openat(fromfd, fromname, O_RDONLY);
149 	if (from == -1)
150 		err(1, "open copy source");
151 
152 	int to = open(toname, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_EXCL, 0700);
153 
154 	while (true) {
155 		char buf[4096];
156 		ssize_t sz = read(from, buf, sizeof(buf));
157 		if (sz == 0)
158 			break;
159 		if (sz < 0)
160 			err(1, "read");
161 
162 		if (write(to, buf, sz) != sz)
163 			err(1, "write");	/* no short writes on tmpfs */
164 	}
165 
166 	close(from);
167 	close(to);
168 }
169 
170 static bool fork_wait(void)
171 {
172 	pid_t child = fork();
173 	if (child == 0) {
174 		nerrs = 0;
175 		return true;
176 	} else if (child > 0) {
177 		int status;
178 		if (waitpid(child, &status, 0) != child ||
179 		    !WIFEXITED(status)) {
180 			printf("[FAIL]\tChild died\n");
181 			nerrs++;
182 		} else if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
183 			printf("[FAIL]\tChild failed\n");
184 			nerrs++;
185 		} else {
186 			printf("[OK]\tChild succeeded\n");
187 		}
188 
189 		return false;
190 	} else {
191 		err(1, "fork");
192 	}
193 }
194 
195 static void exec_other_validate_cap(const char *name,
196 				    bool eff, bool perm, bool inh, bool ambient)
197 {
198 	execl(name, name, (eff ? "1" : "0"),
199 	      (perm ? "1" : "0"), (inh ? "1" : "0"), (ambient ? "1" : "0"),
200 	      NULL);
201 	err(1, "execl");
202 }
203 
204 static void exec_validate_cap(bool eff, bool perm, bool inh, bool ambient)
205 {
206 	exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap", eff, perm, inh, ambient);
207 }
208 
209 static int do_tests(int uid, const char *our_path)
210 {
211 	bool have_outer_privilege = create_and_enter_ns(uid);
212 
213 	int ourpath_fd = open(our_path, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
214 	if (ourpath_fd == -1)
215 		err(1, "open '%s'", our_path);
216 
217 	chdir_to_tmpfs();
218 
219 	copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap", "validate_cap");
220 
221 	if (have_outer_privilege) {
222 		uid_t gid = getegid();
223 
224 		copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap",
225 			       "validate_cap_suidroot");
226 		if (chown("validate_cap_suidroot", 0, -1) != 0)
227 			err(1, "chown");
228 		if (chmod("validate_cap_suidroot", S_ISUID | 0700) != 0)
229 			err(1, "chmod");
230 
231 		copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap",
232 			       "validate_cap_suidnonroot");
233 		if (chown("validate_cap_suidnonroot", uid + 1, -1) != 0)
234 			err(1, "chown");
235 		if (chmod("validate_cap_suidnonroot", S_ISUID | 0700) != 0)
236 			err(1, "chmod");
237 
238 		copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap",
239 			       "validate_cap_sgidroot");
240 		if (chown("validate_cap_sgidroot", -1, 0) != 0)
241 			err(1, "chown");
242 		if (chmod("validate_cap_sgidroot", S_ISGID | 0710) != 0)
243 			err(1, "chmod");
244 
245 		copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap",
246 			       "validate_cap_sgidnonroot");
247 		if (chown("validate_cap_sgidnonroot", -1, gid + 1) != 0)
248 			err(1, "chown");
249 		if (chmod("validate_cap_sgidnonroot", S_ISGID | 0710) != 0)
250 			err(1, "chmod");
251 }
252 
253 	capng_get_caps_process();
254 
255 	/* Make sure that i starts out clear */
256 	capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE);
257 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
258 		err(1, "capng_apply");
259 
260 	if (uid == 0) {
261 		printf("[RUN]\tRoot => ep\n");
262 		if (fork_wait())
263 			exec_validate_cap(true, true, false, false);
264 	} else {
265 		printf("[RUN]\tNon-root => no caps\n");
266 		if (fork_wait())
267 			exec_validate_cap(false, false, false, false);
268 	}
269 
270 	printf("[OK]\tCheck cap_ambient manipulation rules\n");
271 
272 	/* We should not be able to add ambient caps yet. */
273 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != -1 || errno != EPERM) {
274 		if (errno == EINVAL)
275 			printf("[FAIL]\tPR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE isn't supported\n");
276 		else
277 			printf("[FAIL]\tPR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE should have failed eith EPERM on a non-inheritable cap\n");
278 		return 1;
279 	}
280 	printf("[OK]\tPR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE failed on non-inheritable cap\n");
281 
282 	capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_RAW);
283 	capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_PERMITTED, CAP_NET_RAW);
284 	capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_NET_RAW);
285 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
286 		err(1, "capng_apply");
287 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_RAW, 0, 0, 0) != -1 || errno != EPERM) {
288 		printf("[FAIL]\tPR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE should have failed on a non-permitted cap\n");
289 		return 1;
290 	}
291 	printf("[OK]\tPR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE failed on non-permitted cap\n");
292 
293 	capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE);
294 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
295 		err(1, "capng_apply");
296 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0) {
297 		printf("[FAIL]\tPR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE should have succeeded\n");
298 		return 1;
299 	}
300 	printf("[OK]\tPR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE worked\n");
301 
302 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 1) {
303 		printf("[FAIL]\tPR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET is broken\n");
304 		return 1;
305 	}
306 
307 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL, 0, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
308 		err(1, "PR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL");
309 
310 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0) {
311 		printf("[FAIL]\tPR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL didn't work\n");
312 		return 1;
313 	}
314 
315 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
316 		err(1, "PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE");
317 
318 	capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE);
319 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
320 		err(1, "capng_apply");
321 
322 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0) {
323 		printf("[FAIL]\tDropping I should have dropped A\n");
324 		return 1;
325 	}
326 
327 	printf("[OK]\tBasic manipulation appears to work\n");
328 
329 	capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE);
330 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
331 		err(1, "capng_apply");
332 	if (uid == 0) {
333 		printf("[RUN]\tRoot +i => eip\n");
334 		if (fork_wait())
335 			exec_validate_cap(true, true, true, false);
336 	} else {
337 		printf("[RUN]\tNon-root +i => i\n");
338 		if (fork_wait())
339 			exec_validate_cap(false, false, true, false);
340 	}
341 
342 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
343 		err(1, "PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE");
344 
345 	printf("[RUN]\tUID %d +ia => eipa\n", uid);
346 	if (fork_wait())
347 		exec_validate_cap(true, true, true, true);
348 
349 	/* The remaining tests need real privilege */
350 
351 	if (!have_outer_privilege) {
352 		printf("[SKIP]\tSUID/SGID tests (needs privilege)\n");
353 		goto done;
354 	}
355 
356 	if (uid == 0) {
357 		printf("[RUN]\tRoot +ia, suidroot => eipa\n");
358 		if (fork_wait())
359 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_suidroot",
360 						true, true, true, true);
361 
362 		printf("[RUN]\tRoot +ia, suidnonroot => ip\n");
363 		if (fork_wait())
364 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_suidnonroot",
365 						false, true, true, false);
366 
367 		printf("[RUN]\tRoot +ia, sgidroot => eipa\n");
368 		if (fork_wait())
369 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidroot",
370 						true, true, true, true);
371 
372 		if (fork_wait()) {
373 			printf("[RUN]\tRoot, gid != 0, +ia, sgidroot => eip\n");
374 			if (setresgid(1, 1, 1) != 0)
375 				err(1, "setresgid");
376 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidroot",
377 						true, true, true, false);
378 		}
379 
380 		printf("[RUN]\tRoot +ia, sgidnonroot => eip\n");
381 		if (fork_wait())
382 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidnonroot",
383 						true, true, true, false);
384 	} else {
385 		printf("[RUN]\tNon-root +ia, sgidnonroot => i\n");
386 		exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidnonroot",
387 						false, false, true, false);
388 
389 		if (fork_wait()) {
390 			printf("[RUN]\tNon-root +ia, sgidroot => i\n");
391 			if (setresgid(1, 1, 1) != 0)
392 				err(1, "setresgid");
393 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidroot",
394 						false, false, true, false);
395 		}
396 	}
397 
398 done:
399 	return nerrs ? 1 : 0;
400 }
401 
402 int main(int argc, char **argv)
403 {
404 	char *tmp1, *tmp2, *our_path;
405 
406 	/* Find our path */
407 	tmp1 = strdup(argv[0]);
408 	if (!tmp1)
409 		err(1, "strdup");
410 	tmp2 = dirname(tmp1);
411 	our_path = strdup(tmp2);
412 	if (!our_path)
413 		err(1, "strdup");
414 	free(tmp1);
415 
416 	if (fork_wait()) {
417 		printf("[RUN]\t+++ Tests with uid == 0 +++\n");
418 		return do_tests(0, our_path);
419 	}
420 
421 	if (fork_wait()) {
422 		printf("[RUN]\t+++ Tests with uid != 0 +++\n");
423 		return do_tests(1, our_path);
424 	}
425 
426 	return nerrs ? 1 : 0;
427 }
428