xref: /linux/tools/testing/selftests/capabilities/test_execve.c (revision 6e7fd890f1d6ac83805409e9c346240de2705584)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 #define _GNU_SOURCE
3 
4 #include <cap-ng.h>
5 #include <linux/capability.h>
6 #include <stdbool.h>
7 #include <string.h>
8 #include <stdio.h>
9 #include <fcntl.h>
10 #include <errno.h>
11 #include <stdarg.h>
12 #include <sched.h>
13 #include <sys/mount.h>
14 #include <limits.h>
15 #include <libgen.h>
16 #include <malloc.h>
17 #include <sys/wait.h>
18 #include <sys/prctl.h>
19 #include <sys/stat.h>
20 
21 #include "../kselftest.h"
22 
23 static int nerrs;
24 static pid_t mpid;	/*  main() pid is used to avoid duplicate test counts */
25 
26 static void vmaybe_write_file(bool enoent_ok, char *filename, char *fmt, va_list ap)
27 {
28 	char buf[4096];
29 	int fd;
30 	ssize_t written;
31 	int buf_len;
32 
33 	buf_len = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
34 	if (buf_len < 0)
35 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("vsnprintf failed - %s\n", strerror(errno));
36 
37 	if (buf_len >= sizeof(buf))
38 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("vsnprintf output truncated\n");
39 
40 
41 	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY);
42 	if (fd < 0) {
43 		if ((errno == ENOENT) && enoent_ok)
44 			return;
45 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("open of %s failed - %s\n",
46 					filename, strerror(errno));
47 	}
48 	written = write(fd, buf, buf_len);
49 	if (written != buf_len) {
50 		if (written >= 0) {
51 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("short write to %s\n", filename);
52 		} else {
53 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("write to %s failed - %s\n",
54 						filename, strerror(errno));
55 		}
56 	}
57 	if (close(fd) != 0) {
58 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("close of %s failed - %s\n",
59 					filename, strerror(errno));
60 	}
61 }
62 
63 static void maybe_write_file(char *filename, char *fmt, ...)
64 {
65 	va_list ap;
66 
67 	va_start(ap, fmt);
68 	vmaybe_write_file(true, filename, fmt, ap);
69 	va_end(ap);
70 }
71 
72 static void write_file(char *filename, char *fmt, ...)
73 {
74 	va_list ap;
75 
76 	va_start(ap, fmt);
77 	vmaybe_write_file(false, filename, fmt, ap);
78 	va_end(ap);
79 }
80 
81 static bool create_and_enter_ns(uid_t inner_uid)
82 {
83 	uid_t outer_uid;
84 	gid_t outer_gid;
85 	int i, ret;
86 	bool have_outer_privilege;
87 
88 	outer_uid = getuid();
89 	outer_gid = getgid();
90 
91 	if (outer_uid == 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) == 0) {
92 		ksft_print_msg("[NOTE]\tUsing global UIDs for tests\n");
93 		if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
94 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("PR_SET_KEEPCAPS - %s\n",
95 						strerror(errno));
96 		if (setresuid(inner_uid, inner_uid, -1) != 0)
97 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("setresuid - %s\n", strerror(errno));
98 
99 		// Re-enable effective caps
100 		ret = capng_get_caps_process();
101 		if (ret == -1)
102 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("capng_get_caps_process failed\n");
103 
104 		for (i = 0; i < CAP_LAST_CAP; i++)
105 			if (capng_have_capability(CAPNG_PERMITTED, i))
106 				capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, i);
107 		if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
108 			ksft_exit_fail_msg(
109 					"capng_apply - %s\n", strerror(errno));
110 
111 		have_outer_privilege = true;
112 	} else if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS) == 0) {
113 		ksft_print_msg("[NOTE]\tUsing a user namespace for tests\n");
114 		maybe_write_file("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny");
115 		write_file("/proc/self/uid_map", "%d %d 1", inner_uid, outer_uid);
116 		write_file("/proc/self/gid_map", "0 %d 1", outer_gid);
117 
118 		have_outer_privilege = false;
119 	} else {
120 		ksft_exit_skip("must be root or be able to create a userns\n");
121 	}
122 
123 	if (mount("none", "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL) != 0)
124 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("remount everything private - %s\n",
125 					strerror(errno));
126 
127 	return have_outer_privilege;
128 }
129 
130 static void chdir_to_tmpfs(void)
131 {
132 	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
133 	if (getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) != cwd)
134 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("getcwd - %s\n", strerror(errno));
135 
136 	if (mount("private_tmp", ".", "tmpfs", 0, "mode=0777") != 0)
137 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("mount private tmpfs - %s\n",
138 					strerror(errno));
139 
140 	if (chdir(cwd) != 0)
141 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("chdir to private tmpfs - %s\n",
142 					strerror(errno));
143 }
144 
145 static void copy_fromat_to(int fromfd, const char *fromname, const char *toname)
146 {
147 	int from = openat(fromfd, fromname, O_RDONLY);
148 	if (from == -1)
149 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("open copy source - %s\n", strerror(errno));
150 
151 	int to = open(toname, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_EXCL, 0700);
152 
153 	while (true) {
154 		char buf[4096];
155 		ssize_t sz = read(from, buf, sizeof(buf));
156 		if (sz == 0)
157 			break;
158 		if (sz < 0)
159 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("read - %s\n", strerror(errno));
160 
161 		if (write(to, buf, sz) != sz)
162 			/* no short writes on tmpfs */
163 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("write - %s\n", strerror(errno));
164 	}
165 
166 	close(from);
167 	close(to);
168 }
169 
170 static bool fork_wait(void)
171 {
172 	pid_t child = fork();
173 	if (child == 0) {
174 		nerrs = 0;
175 		return true;
176 	} else if (child > 0) {
177 		int status;
178 		if (waitpid(child, &status, 0) != child ||
179 		    !WIFEXITED(status)) {
180 			ksft_print_msg("Child died\n");
181 			nerrs++;
182 		} else if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
183 			ksft_print_msg("Child failed\n");
184 			nerrs++;
185 		} else {
186 			/* don't print this message for mpid */
187 			if (getpid() != mpid)
188 				ksft_test_result_pass("Passed\n");
189 		}
190 		return false;
191 	} else {
192 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("fork - %s\n", strerror(errno));
193 		return false;
194 	}
195 }
196 
197 static void exec_other_validate_cap(const char *name,
198 				    bool eff, bool perm, bool inh, bool ambient)
199 {
200 	execl(name, name, (eff ? "1" : "0"),
201 	      (perm ? "1" : "0"), (inh ? "1" : "0"), (ambient ? "1" : "0"),
202 	      NULL);
203 	ksft_exit_fail_msg("execl - %s\n", strerror(errno));
204 }
205 
206 static void exec_validate_cap(bool eff, bool perm, bool inh, bool ambient)
207 {
208 	exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap", eff, perm, inh, ambient);
209 }
210 
211 static int do_tests(int uid, const char *our_path)
212 {
213 	int ret;
214 	bool have_outer_privilege = create_and_enter_ns(uid);
215 
216 	int ourpath_fd = open(our_path, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
217 	if (ourpath_fd == -1)
218 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("open '%s' - %s\n",
219 					our_path, strerror(errno));
220 
221 	chdir_to_tmpfs();
222 
223 	copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap", "validate_cap");
224 
225 	if (have_outer_privilege) {
226 		uid_t gid = getegid();
227 
228 		copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap",
229 			       "validate_cap_suidroot");
230 		if (chown("validate_cap_suidroot", 0, -1) != 0)
231 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chown - %s\n", strerror(errno));
232 		if (chmod("validate_cap_suidroot", S_ISUID | 0700) != 0)
233 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chmod - %s\n", strerror(errno));
234 
235 		copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap",
236 			       "validate_cap_suidnonroot");
237 		if (chown("validate_cap_suidnonroot", uid + 1, -1) != 0)
238 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chown - %s\n", strerror(errno));
239 		if (chmod("validate_cap_suidnonroot", S_ISUID | 0700) != 0)
240 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chmod - %s\n", strerror(errno));
241 
242 		copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap",
243 			       "validate_cap_sgidroot");
244 		if (chown("validate_cap_sgidroot", -1, 0) != 0)
245 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chown - %s\n", strerror(errno));
246 		if (chmod("validate_cap_sgidroot", S_ISGID | 0710) != 0)
247 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chmod - %s\n", strerror(errno));
248 
249 		copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap",
250 			       "validate_cap_sgidnonroot");
251 		if (chown("validate_cap_sgidnonroot", -1, gid + 1) != 0)
252 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chown - %s\n", strerror(errno));
253 		if (chmod("validate_cap_sgidnonroot", S_ISGID | 0710) != 0)
254 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chmod - %s\n", strerror(errno));
255 	}
256 
257 	ret = capng_get_caps_process();
258 	if (ret == -1)
259 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("capng_get_caps_process failed\n");
260 
261 	/* Make sure that i starts out clear */
262 	capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE);
263 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
264 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("capng_apply - %s\n", strerror(errno));
265 
266 	if (uid == 0) {
267 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tRoot => ep\n");
268 		if (fork_wait())
269 			exec_validate_cap(true, true, false, false);
270 	} else {
271 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tNon-root => no caps\n");
272 		if (fork_wait())
273 			exec_validate_cap(false, false, false, false);
274 	}
275 
276 	ksft_print_msg("Check cap_ambient manipulation rules\n");
277 
278 	/* We should not be able to add ambient caps yet. */
279 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != -1 || errno != EPERM) {
280 		if (errno == EINVAL)
281 			ksft_test_result_fail(
282 				"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE isn't supported\n");
283 		else
284 			ksft_test_result_fail(
285 				"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE should have failed eith EPERM on a non-inheritable cap\n");
286 		return 1;
287 	}
288 	ksft_test_result_pass(
289 		"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE failed on non-inheritable cap\n");
290 
291 	capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_RAW);
292 	capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_PERMITTED, CAP_NET_RAW);
293 	capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_NET_RAW);
294 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
295 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("capng_apply - %s\n", strerror(errno));
296 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_RAW, 0, 0, 0) != -1 || errno != EPERM) {
297 		ksft_test_result_fail(
298 			"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE should have failed on a non-permitted cap\n");
299 		return 1;
300 	}
301 	ksft_test_result_pass(
302 		"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE failed on non-permitted cap\n");
303 
304 	capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE);
305 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
306 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("capng_apply - %s\n", strerror(errno));
307 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0) {
308 		ksft_test_result_fail(
309 			"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE should have succeeded\n");
310 		return 1;
311 	}
312 	ksft_test_result_pass("PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE worked\n");
313 
314 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 1) {
315 		ksft_test_result_fail("PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET is broken\n");
316 		return 1;
317 	}
318 
319 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL, 0, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
320 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("PR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL - %s\n",
321 					strerror(errno));
322 
323 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0) {
324 		ksft_test_result_fail(
325 			"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL didn't work\n");
326 		return 1;
327 	}
328 
329 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
330 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE - %s\n",
331 					strerror(errno));
332 
333 	capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE);
334 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
335 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("capng_apply - %s\n", strerror(errno));
336 
337 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0) {
338 		ksft_test_result_fail("Dropping I should have dropped A\n");
339 		return 1;
340 	}
341 
342 	ksft_test_result_pass("Basic manipulation appears to work\n");
343 
344 	capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE);
345 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
346 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("capng_apply - %s\n", strerror(errno));
347 	if (uid == 0) {
348 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tRoot +i => eip\n");
349 		if (fork_wait())
350 			exec_validate_cap(true, true, true, false);
351 	} else {
352 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tNon-root +i => i\n");
353 		if (fork_wait())
354 			exec_validate_cap(false, false, true, false);
355 	}
356 
357 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
358 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE - %s\n",
359 					strerror(errno));
360 
361 	ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tUID %d +ia => eipa\n", uid);
362 	if (fork_wait())
363 		exec_validate_cap(true, true, true, true);
364 
365 	/* The remaining tests need real privilege */
366 
367 	if (!have_outer_privilege) {
368 		ksft_test_result_skip("SUID/SGID tests (needs privilege)\n");
369 		goto done;
370 	}
371 
372 	if (uid == 0) {
373 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tRoot +ia, suidroot => eipa\n");
374 		if (fork_wait())
375 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_suidroot",
376 						true, true, true, true);
377 
378 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tRoot +ia, suidnonroot => ip\n");
379 		if (fork_wait())
380 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_suidnonroot",
381 						false, true, true, false);
382 
383 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tRoot +ia, sgidroot => eipa\n");
384 		if (fork_wait())
385 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidroot",
386 						true, true, true, true);
387 
388 		if (fork_wait()) {
389 			ksft_print_msg(
390 				"[RUN]\tRoot, gid != 0, +ia, sgidroot => eip\n");
391 			if (setresgid(1, 1, 1) != 0)
392 				ksft_exit_fail_msg("setresgid - %s\n",
393 							strerror(errno));
394 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidroot",
395 						true, true, true, false);
396 		}
397 
398 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tRoot +ia, sgidnonroot => eip\n");
399 		if (fork_wait())
400 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidnonroot",
401 						true, true, true, false);
402 	} else {
403 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tNon-root +ia, sgidnonroot => i\n");
404 		if (fork_wait())
405 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidnonroot",
406 					false, false, true, false);
407 
408 		if (fork_wait()) {
409 			ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tNon-root +ia, sgidroot => i\n");
410 			if (setresgid(1, 1, 1) != 0)
411 				ksft_exit_fail_msg("setresgid - %s\n",
412 							strerror(errno));
413 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidroot",
414 						false, false, true, false);
415 		}
416 	}
417 
418 done:
419 	ksft_print_cnts();
420 	return nerrs ? 1 : 0;
421 }
422 
423 int main(int argc, char **argv)
424 {
425 	char *tmp1, *tmp2, *our_path;
426 
427 	/* Find our path */
428 	tmp1 = strdup(argv[0]);
429 	if (!tmp1)
430 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("strdup - %s\n", strerror(errno));
431 	tmp2 = dirname(tmp1);
432 	our_path = strdup(tmp2);
433 	if (!our_path)
434 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("strdup - %s\n", strerror(errno));
435 	free(tmp1);
436 
437 	mpid = getpid();
438 
439 	if (fork_wait()) {
440 		ksft_print_header();
441 		ksft_set_plan(12);
442 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\t+++ Tests with uid == 0 +++\n");
443 		return do_tests(0, our_path);
444 	}
445 
446 	ksft_print_msg("==================================================\n");
447 
448 	if (fork_wait()) {
449 		ksft_print_header();
450 		ksft_set_plan(9);
451 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\t+++ Tests with uid != 0 +++\n");
452 		return do_tests(1, our_path);
453 	}
454 
455 	return nerrs ? 1 : 0;
456 }
457