xref: /linux/tools/testing/selftests/capabilities/test_execve.c (revision 4b660dbd9ee2059850fd30e0df420ca7a38a1856)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 #define _GNU_SOURCE
3 
4 #include <cap-ng.h>
5 #include <linux/capability.h>
6 #include <stdbool.h>
7 #include <string.h>
8 #include <stdio.h>
9 #include <fcntl.h>
10 #include <errno.h>
11 #include <stdarg.h>
12 #include <sched.h>
13 #include <sys/mount.h>
14 #include <limits.h>
15 #include <libgen.h>
16 #include <malloc.h>
17 #include <sys/wait.h>
18 #include <sys/prctl.h>
19 #include <sys/stat.h>
20 
21 #include "../kselftest.h"
22 
23 static int nerrs;
24 static pid_t mpid;	/*  main() pid is used to avoid duplicate test counts */
25 
26 static void vmaybe_write_file(bool enoent_ok, char *filename, char *fmt, va_list ap)
27 {
28 	char buf[4096];
29 	int fd;
30 	ssize_t written;
31 	int buf_len;
32 
33 	buf_len = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
34 	if (buf_len < 0)
35 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("vsnprintf failed - %s\n", strerror(errno));
36 
37 	if (buf_len >= sizeof(buf))
38 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("vsnprintf output truncated\n");
39 
40 
41 	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY);
42 	if (fd < 0) {
43 		if ((errno == ENOENT) && enoent_ok)
44 			return;
45 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("open of %s failed - %s\n",
46 					filename, strerror(errno));
47 	}
48 	written = write(fd, buf, buf_len);
49 	if (written != buf_len) {
50 		if (written >= 0) {
51 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("short write to %s\n", filename);
52 		} else {
53 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("write to %s failed - %s\n",
54 						filename, strerror(errno));
55 		}
56 	}
57 	if (close(fd) != 0) {
58 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("close of %s failed - %s\n",
59 					filename, strerror(errno));
60 	}
61 }
62 
63 static void maybe_write_file(char *filename, char *fmt, ...)
64 {
65 	va_list ap;
66 
67 	va_start(ap, fmt);
68 	vmaybe_write_file(true, filename, fmt, ap);
69 	va_end(ap);
70 }
71 
72 static void write_file(char *filename, char *fmt, ...)
73 {
74 	va_list ap;
75 
76 	va_start(ap, fmt);
77 	vmaybe_write_file(false, filename, fmt, ap);
78 	va_end(ap);
79 }
80 
81 static bool create_and_enter_ns(uid_t inner_uid)
82 {
83 	uid_t outer_uid;
84 	gid_t outer_gid;
85 	int i;
86 	bool have_outer_privilege;
87 
88 	outer_uid = getuid();
89 	outer_gid = getgid();
90 
91 	if (outer_uid == 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) == 0) {
92 		ksft_print_msg("[NOTE]\tUsing global UIDs for tests\n");
93 		if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
94 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("PR_SET_KEEPCAPS - %s\n",
95 						strerror(errno));
96 		if (setresuid(inner_uid, inner_uid, -1) != 0)
97 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("setresuid - %s\n", strerror(errno));
98 
99 		// Re-enable effective caps
100 		capng_get_caps_process();
101 		for (i = 0; i < CAP_LAST_CAP; i++)
102 			if (capng_have_capability(CAPNG_PERMITTED, i))
103 				capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, i);
104 		if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
105 			ksft_exit_fail_msg(
106 					"capng_apply - %s\n", strerror(errno));
107 
108 		have_outer_privilege = true;
109 	} else if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS) == 0) {
110 		ksft_print_msg("[NOTE]\tUsing a user namespace for tests\n");
111 		maybe_write_file("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny");
112 		write_file("/proc/self/uid_map", "%d %d 1", inner_uid, outer_uid);
113 		write_file("/proc/self/gid_map", "0 %d 1", outer_gid);
114 
115 		have_outer_privilege = false;
116 	} else {
117 		ksft_exit_skip("must be root or be able to create a userns\n");
118 	}
119 
120 	if (mount("none", "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL) != 0)
121 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("remount everything private - %s\n",
122 					strerror(errno));
123 
124 	return have_outer_privilege;
125 }
126 
127 static void chdir_to_tmpfs(void)
128 {
129 	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
130 	if (getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) != cwd)
131 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("getcwd - %s\n", strerror(errno));
132 
133 	if (mount("private_tmp", ".", "tmpfs", 0, "mode=0777") != 0)
134 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("mount private tmpfs - %s\n",
135 					strerror(errno));
136 
137 	if (chdir(cwd) != 0)
138 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("chdir to private tmpfs - %s\n",
139 					strerror(errno));
140 }
141 
142 static void copy_fromat_to(int fromfd, const char *fromname, const char *toname)
143 {
144 	int from = openat(fromfd, fromname, O_RDONLY);
145 	if (from == -1)
146 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("open copy source - %s\n", strerror(errno));
147 
148 	int to = open(toname, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_EXCL, 0700);
149 
150 	while (true) {
151 		char buf[4096];
152 		ssize_t sz = read(from, buf, sizeof(buf));
153 		if (sz == 0)
154 			break;
155 		if (sz < 0)
156 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("read - %s\n", strerror(errno));
157 
158 		if (write(to, buf, sz) != sz)
159 			/* no short writes on tmpfs */
160 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("write - %s\n", strerror(errno));
161 	}
162 
163 	close(from);
164 	close(to);
165 }
166 
167 static bool fork_wait(void)
168 {
169 	pid_t child = fork();
170 	if (child == 0) {
171 		nerrs = 0;
172 		return true;
173 	} else if (child > 0) {
174 		int status;
175 		if (waitpid(child, &status, 0) != child ||
176 		    !WIFEXITED(status)) {
177 			ksft_print_msg("Child died\n");
178 			nerrs++;
179 		} else if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
180 			ksft_print_msg("Child failed\n");
181 			nerrs++;
182 		} else {
183 			/* don't print this message for mpid */
184 			if (getpid() != mpid)
185 				ksft_test_result_pass("Passed\n");
186 		}
187 		return false;
188 	} else {
189 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("fork - %s\n", strerror(errno));
190 		return false;
191 	}
192 }
193 
194 static void exec_other_validate_cap(const char *name,
195 				    bool eff, bool perm, bool inh, bool ambient)
196 {
197 	execl(name, name, (eff ? "1" : "0"),
198 	      (perm ? "1" : "0"), (inh ? "1" : "0"), (ambient ? "1" : "0"),
199 	      NULL);
200 	ksft_exit_fail_msg("execl - %s\n", strerror(errno));
201 }
202 
203 static void exec_validate_cap(bool eff, bool perm, bool inh, bool ambient)
204 {
205 	exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap", eff, perm, inh, ambient);
206 }
207 
208 static int do_tests(int uid, const char *our_path)
209 {
210 	bool have_outer_privilege = create_and_enter_ns(uid);
211 
212 	int ourpath_fd = open(our_path, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
213 	if (ourpath_fd == -1)
214 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("open '%s' - %s\n",
215 					our_path, strerror(errno));
216 
217 	chdir_to_tmpfs();
218 
219 	copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap", "validate_cap");
220 
221 	if (have_outer_privilege) {
222 		uid_t gid = getegid();
223 
224 		copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap",
225 			       "validate_cap_suidroot");
226 		if (chown("validate_cap_suidroot", 0, -1) != 0)
227 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chown - %s\n", strerror(errno));
228 		if (chmod("validate_cap_suidroot", S_ISUID | 0700) != 0)
229 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chmod - %s\n", strerror(errno));
230 
231 		copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap",
232 			       "validate_cap_suidnonroot");
233 		if (chown("validate_cap_suidnonroot", uid + 1, -1) != 0)
234 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chown - %s\n", strerror(errno));
235 		if (chmod("validate_cap_suidnonroot", S_ISUID | 0700) != 0)
236 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chmod - %s\n", strerror(errno));
237 
238 		copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap",
239 			       "validate_cap_sgidroot");
240 		if (chown("validate_cap_sgidroot", -1, 0) != 0)
241 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chown - %s\n", strerror(errno));
242 		if (chmod("validate_cap_sgidroot", S_ISGID | 0710) != 0)
243 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chmod - %s\n", strerror(errno));
244 
245 		copy_fromat_to(ourpath_fd, "validate_cap",
246 			       "validate_cap_sgidnonroot");
247 		if (chown("validate_cap_sgidnonroot", -1, gid + 1) != 0)
248 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chown - %s\n", strerror(errno));
249 		if (chmod("validate_cap_sgidnonroot", S_ISGID | 0710) != 0)
250 			ksft_exit_fail_msg("chmod - %s\n", strerror(errno));
251 	}
252 
253 	capng_get_caps_process();
254 
255 	/* Make sure that i starts out clear */
256 	capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE);
257 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
258 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("capng_apply - %s\n", strerror(errno));
259 
260 	if (uid == 0) {
261 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tRoot => ep\n");
262 		if (fork_wait())
263 			exec_validate_cap(true, true, false, false);
264 	} else {
265 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tNon-root => no caps\n");
266 		if (fork_wait())
267 			exec_validate_cap(false, false, false, false);
268 	}
269 
270 	ksft_print_msg("Check cap_ambient manipulation rules\n");
271 
272 	/* We should not be able to add ambient caps yet. */
273 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != -1 || errno != EPERM) {
274 		if (errno == EINVAL)
275 			ksft_test_result_fail(
276 				"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE isn't supported\n");
277 		else
278 			ksft_test_result_fail(
279 				"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE should have failed eith EPERM on a non-inheritable cap\n");
280 		return 1;
281 	}
282 	ksft_test_result_pass(
283 		"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE failed on non-inheritable cap\n");
284 
285 	capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_RAW);
286 	capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_PERMITTED, CAP_NET_RAW);
287 	capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_EFFECTIVE, CAP_NET_RAW);
288 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
289 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("capng_apply - %s\n", strerror(errno));
290 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_RAW, 0, 0, 0) != -1 || errno != EPERM) {
291 		ksft_test_result_fail(
292 			"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE should have failed on a non-permitted cap\n");
293 		return 1;
294 	}
295 	ksft_test_result_pass(
296 		"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE failed on non-permitted cap\n");
297 
298 	capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE);
299 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
300 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("capng_apply - %s\n", strerror(errno));
301 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0) {
302 		ksft_test_result_fail(
303 			"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE should have succeeded\n");
304 		return 1;
305 	}
306 	ksft_test_result_pass("PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE worked\n");
307 
308 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 1) {
309 		ksft_test_result_fail("PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET is broken\n");
310 		return 1;
311 	}
312 
313 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL, 0, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
314 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("PR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL - %s\n",
315 					strerror(errno));
316 
317 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0) {
318 		ksft_test_result_fail(
319 			"PR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL didn't work\n");
320 		return 1;
321 	}
322 
323 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
324 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE - %s\n",
325 					strerror(errno));
326 
327 	capng_update(CAPNG_DROP, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE);
328 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
329 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("capng_apply - %s\n", strerror(errno));
330 
331 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0) {
332 		ksft_test_result_fail("Dropping I should have dropped A\n");
333 		return 1;
334 	}
335 
336 	ksft_test_result_pass("Basic manipulation appears to work\n");
337 
338 	capng_update(CAPNG_ADD, CAPNG_INHERITABLE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE);
339 	if (capng_apply(CAPNG_SELECT_CAPS) != 0)
340 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("capng_apply - %s\n", strerror(errno));
341 	if (uid == 0) {
342 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tRoot +i => eip\n");
343 		if (fork_wait())
344 			exec_validate_cap(true, true, true, false);
345 	} else {
346 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tNon-root +i => i\n");
347 		if (fork_wait())
348 			exec_validate_cap(false, false, true, false);
349 	}
350 
351 	if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, 0, 0, 0) != 0)
352 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE - %s\n",
353 					strerror(errno));
354 
355 	ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tUID %d +ia => eipa\n", uid);
356 	if (fork_wait())
357 		exec_validate_cap(true, true, true, true);
358 
359 	/* The remaining tests need real privilege */
360 
361 	if (!have_outer_privilege) {
362 		ksft_test_result_skip("SUID/SGID tests (needs privilege)\n");
363 		goto done;
364 	}
365 
366 	if (uid == 0) {
367 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tRoot +ia, suidroot => eipa\n");
368 		if (fork_wait())
369 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_suidroot",
370 						true, true, true, true);
371 
372 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tRoot +ia, suidnonroot => ip\n");
373 		if (fork_wait())
374 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_suidnonroot",
375 						false, true, true, false);
376 
377 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tRoot +ia, sgidroot => eipa\n");
378 		if (fork_wait())
379 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidroot",
380 						true, true, true, true);
381 
382 		if (fork_wait()) {
383 			ksft_print_msg(
384 				"[RUN]\tRoot, gid != 0, +ia, sgidroot => eip\n");
385 			if (setresgid(1, 1, 1) != 0)
386 				ksft_exit_fail_msg("setresgid - %s\n",
387 							strerror(errno));
388 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidroot",
389 						true, true, true, false);
390 		}
391 
392 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tRoot +ia, sgidnonroot => eip\n");
393 		if (fork_wait())
394 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidnonroot",
395 						true, true, true, false);
396 	} else {
397 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tNon-root +ia, sgidnonroot => i\n");
398 		if (fork_wait())
399 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidnonroot",
400 					false, false, true, false);
401 
402 		if (fork_wait()) {
403 			ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\tNon-root +ia, sgidroot => i\n");
404 			if (setresgid(1, 1, 1) != 0)
405 				ksft_exit_fail_msg("setresgid - %s\n",
406 							strerror(errno));
407 			exec_other_validate_cap("./validate_cap_sgidroot",
408 						false, false, true, false);
409 		}
410 	}
411 
412 done:
413 	ksft_print_cnts();
414 	return nerrs ? 1 : 0;
415 }
416 
417 int main(int argc, char **argv)
418 {
419 	char *tmp1, *tmp2, *our_path;
420 
421 	/* Find our path */
422 	tmp1 = strdup(argv[0]);
423 	if (!tmp1)
424 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("strdup - %s\n", strerror(errno));
425 	tmp2 = dirname(tmp1);
426 	our_path = strdup(tmp2);
427 	if (!our_path)
428 		ksft_exit_fail_msg("strdup - %s\n", strerror(errno));
429 	free(tmp1);
430 
431 	mpid = getpid();
432 
433 	if (fork_wait()) {
434 		ksft_print_header();
435 		ksft_set_plan(12);
436 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\t+++ Tests with uid == 0 +++\n");
437 		return do_tests(0, our_path);
438 	}
439 
440 	ksft_print_msg("==================================================\n");
441 
442 	if (fork_wait()) {
443 		ksft_print_header();
444 		ksft_set_plan(9);
445 		ksft_print_msg("[RUN]\t+++ Tests with uid != 0 +++\n");
446 		return do_tests(1, our_path);
447 	}
448 
449 	return nerrs ? 1 : 0;
450 }
451