xref: /linux/tools/power/x86/turbostat/turbostat.c (revision c6bd5bcc4983f1a2d2f87a3769bf309482ee8c04)
1 /*
2  * turbostat -- show CPU frequency and C-state residency
3  * on modern Intel turbo-capable processors.
4  *
5  * Copyright (c) 2012 Intel Corporation.
6  * Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
7  *
8  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9  * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
10  * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
11  *
12  * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
13  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
14  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
15  * more details.
16  *
17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
18  * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
19  * 51 Franklin St - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20  */
21 
22 #define _GNU_SOURCE
23 #include <stdio.h>
24 #include <unistd.h>
25 #include <sys/types.h>
26 #include <sys/wait.h>
27 #include <sys/stat.h>
28 #include <sys/resource.h>
29 #include <fcntl.h>
30 #include <signal.h>
31 #include <sys/time.h>
32 #include <stdlib.h>
33 #include <dirent.h>
34 #include <string.h>
35 #include <ctype.h>
36 #include <sched.h>
37 
38 #define MSR_NEHALEM_PLATFORM_INFO	0xCE
39 #define MSR_NEHALEM_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT	0x1AD
40 #define MSR_IVT_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT	0x1AE
41 #define MSR_APERF	0xE8
42 #define MSR_MPERF	0xE7
43 #define MSR_PKG_C2_RESIDENCY	0x60D	/* SNB only */
44 #define MSR_PKG_C3_RESIDENCY	0x3F8
45 #define MSR_PKG_C6_RESIDENCY	0x3F9
46 #define MSR_PKG_C7_RESIDENCY	0x3FA	/* SNB only */
47 #define MSR_CORE_C3_RESIDENCY	0x3FC
48 #define MSR_CORE_C6_RESIDENCY	0x3FD
49 #define MSR_CORE_C7_RESIDENCY	0x3FE	/* SNB only */
50 
51 char *proc_stat = "/proc/stat";
52 unsigned int interval_sec = 5;	/* set with -i interval_sec */
53 unsigned int verbose;		/* set with -v */
54 unsigned int summary_only;	/* set with -s */
55 unsigned int skip_c0;
56 unsigned int skip_c1;
57 unsigned int do_nhm_cstates;
58 unsigned int do_snb_cstates;
59 unsigned int has_aperf;
60 unsigned int units = 1000000000;	/* Ghz etc */
61 unsigned int genuine_intel;
62 unsigned int has_invariant_tsc;
63 unsigned int do_nehalem_platform_info;
64 unsigned int do_nehalem_turbo_ratio_limit;
65 unsigned int do_ivt_turbo_ratio_limit;
66 unsigned int extra_msr_offset32;
67 unsigned int extra_msr_offset64;
68 unsigned int extra_delta_offset32;
69 unsigned int extra_delta_offset64;
70 double bclk;
71 unsigned int show_pkg;
72 unsigned int show_core;
73 unsigned int show_cpu;
74 unsigned int show_pkg_only;
75 unsigned int show_core_only;
76 char *output_buffer, *outp;
77 
78 int aperf_mperf_unstable;
79 int backwards_count;
80 char *progname;
81 
82 cpu_set_t *cpu_present_set, *cpu_affinity_set;
83 size_t cpu_present_setsize, cpu_affinity_setsize;
84 
85 struct thread_data {
86 	unsigned long long tsc;
87 	unsigned long long aperf;
88 	unsigned long long mperf;
89 	unsigned long long c1;	/* derived */
90 	unsigned long long extra_msr64;
91 	unsigned long long extra_delta64;
92 	unsigned long long extra_msr32;
93 	unsigned long long extra_delta32;
94 	unsigned int cpu_id;
95 	unsigned int flags;
96 #define CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE	0x2
97 #define CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE	0x4
98 } *thread_even, *thread_odd;
99 
100 struct core_data {
101 	unsigned long long c3;
102 	unsigned long long c6;
103 	unsigned long long c7;
104 	unsigned int core_id;
105 } *core_even, *core_odd;
106 
107 struct pkg_data {
108 	unsigned long long pc2;
109 	unsigned long long pc3;
110 	unsigned long long pc6;
111 	unsigned long long pc7;
112 	unsigned int package_id;
113 } *package_even, *package_odd;
114 
115 #define ODD_COUNTERS thread_odd, core_odd, package_odd
116 #define EVEN_COUNTERS thread_even, core_even, package_even
117 
118 #define GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no) \
119 	(thread_base + (pkg_no) * topo.num_cores_per_pkg * \
120 		topo.num_threads_per_core + \
121 		(core_no) * topo.num_threads_per_core + (thread_no))
122 #define GET_CORE(core_base, core_no, pkg_no) \
123 	(core_base + (pkg_no) * topo.num_cores_per_pkg + (core_no))
124 #define GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_no) (pkg_base + pkg_no)
125 
126 struct system_summary {
127 	struct thread_data threads;
128 	struct core_data cores;
129 	struct pkg_data packages;
130 } sum, average;
131 
132 
133 struct topo_params {
134 	int num_packages;
135 	int num_cpus;
136 	int num_cores;
137 	int max_cpu_num;
138 	int num_cores_per_pkg;
139 	int num_threads_per_core;
140 } topo;
141 
142 struct timeval tv_even, tv_odd, tv_delta;
143 
144 void setup_all_buffers(void);
145 
146 int cpu_is_not_present(int cpu)
147 {
148 	return !CPU_ISSET_S(cpu, cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
149 }
150 /*
151  * run func(thread, core, package) in topology order
152  * skip non-present cpus
153  */
154 
155 int for_all_cpus(int (func)(struct thread_data *, struct core_data *, struct pkg_data *),
156 	struct thread_data *thread_base, struct core_data *core_base, struct pkg_data *pkg_base)
157 {
158 	int retval, pkg_no, core_no, thread_no;
159 
160 	for (pkg_no = 0; pkg_no < topo.num_packages; ++pkg_no) {
161 		for (core_no = 0; core_no < topo.num_cores_per_pkg; ++core_no) {
162 			for (thread_no = 0; thread_no <
163 				topo.num_threads_per_core; ++thread_no) {
164 				struct thread_data *t;
165 				struct core_data *c;
166 				struct pkg_data *p;
167 
168 				t = GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no);
169 
170 				if (cpu_is_not_present(t->cpu_id))
171 					continue;
172 
173 				c = GET_CORE(core_base, core_no, pkg_no);
174 				p = GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_no);
175 
176 				retval = func(t, c, p);
177 				if (retval)
178 					return retval;
179 			}
180 		}
181 	}
182 	return 0;
183 }
184 
185 int cpu_migrate(int cpu)
186 {
187 	CPU_ZERO_S(cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set);
188 	CPU_SET_S(cpu, cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set);
189 	if (sched_setaffinity(0, cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set) == -1)
190 		return -1;
191 	else
192 		return 0;
193 }
194 
195 int get_msr(int cpu, off_t offset, unsigned long long *msr)
196 {
197 	ssize_t retval;
198 	char pathname[32];
199 	int fd;
200 
201 	sprintf(pathname, "/dev/cpu/%d/msr", cpu);
202 	fd = open(pathname, O_RDONLY);
203 	if (fd < 0)
204 		return -1;
205 
206 	retval = pread(fd, msr, sizeof *msr, offset);
207 	close(fd);
208 
209 	if (retval != sizeof *msr) {
210 		fprintf(stderr, "%s offset 0x%zx read failed\n", pathname, offset);
211 		return -1;
212 	}
213 
214 	return 0;
215 }
216 
217 void print_header(void)
218 {
219 	if (show_pkg)
220 		outp += sprintf(outp, "pk");
221 	if (show_pkg)
222 		outp += sprintf(outp, " ");
223 	if (show_core)
224 		outp += sprintf(outp, "cor");
225 	if (show_cpu)
226 		outp += sprintf(outp, " CPU");
227 	if (show_pkg || show_core || show_cpu)
228 		outp += sprintf(outp, " ");
229 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
230 		outp += sprintf(outp, "   %%c0");
231 	if (has_aperf)
232 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  GHz");
233 	outp += sprintf(outp, "  TSC");
234 	if (extra_delta_offset32)
235 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  count 0x%03X", extra_delta_offset32);
236 	if (extra_delta_offset64)
237 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  COUNT 0x%03X", extra_delta_offset64);
238 	if (extra_msr_offset32)
239 		outp += sprintf(outp, "   MSR 0x%03X", extra_msr_offset32);
240 	if (extra_msr_offset64)
241 		outp += sprintf(outp, "           MSR 0x%03X", extra_msr_offset64);
242 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
243 		outp += sprintf(outp, "    %%c1");
244 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
245 		outp += sprintf(outp, "    %%c3");
246 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
247 		outp += sprintf(outp, "    %%c6");
248 	if (do_snb_cstates)
249 		outp += sprintf(outp, "    %%c7");
250 	if (do_snb_cstates)
251 		outp += sprintf(outp, "   %%pc2");
252 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
253 		outp += sprintf(outp, "   %%pc3");
254 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
255 		outp += sprintf(outp, "   %%pc6");
256 	if (do_snb_cstates)
257 		outp += sprintf(outp, "   %%pc7");
258 
259 	outp += sprintf(outp, "\n");
260 }
261 
262 int dump_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
263 	struct pkg_data *p)
264 {
265 	fprintf(stderr, "t %p, c %p, p %p\n", t, c, p);
266 
267 	if (t) {
268 		fprintf(stderr, "CPU: %d flags 0x%x\n", t->cpu_id, t->flags);
269 		fprintf(stderr, "TSC: %016llX\n", t->tsc);
270 		fprintf(stderr, "aperf: %016llX\n", t->aperf);
271 		fprintf(stderr, "mperf: %016llX\n", t->mperf);
272 		fprintf(stderr, "c1: %016llX\n", t->c1);
273 		fprintf(stderr, "msr0x%x: %08llX\n",
274 			extra_delta_offset32, t->extra_delta32);
275 		fprintf(stderr, "msr0x%x: %016llX\n",
276 			extra_delta_offset64, t->extra_delta64);
277 		fprintf(stderr, "msr0x%x: %08llX\n",
278 			extra_msr_offset32, t->extra_msr32);
279 		fprintf(stderr, "msr0x%x: %016llX\n",
280 			extra_msr_offset64, t->extra_msr64);
281 	}
282 
283 	if (c) {
284 		fprintf(stderr, "core: %d\n", c->core_id);
285 		fprintf(stderr, "c3: %016llX\n", c->c3);
286 		fprintf(stderr, "c6: %016llX\n", c->c6);
287 		fprintf(stderr, "c7: %016llX\n", c->c7);
288 	}
289 
290 	if (p) {
291 		fprintf(stderr, "package: %d\n", p->package_id);
292 		fprintf(stderr, "pc2: %016llX\n", p->pc2);
293 		fprintf(stderr, "pc3: %016llX\n", p->pc3);
294 		fprintf(stderr, "pc6: %016llX\n", p->pc6);
295 		fprintf(stderr, "pc7: %016llX\n", p->pc7);
296 	}
297 	return 0;
298 }
299 
300 /*
301  * column formatting convention & formats
302  * package: "pk" 2 columns %2d
303  * core: "cor" 3 columns %3d
304  * CPU: "CPU" 3 columns %3d
305  * GHz: "GHz" 3 columns %3.2
306  * TSC: "TSC" 3 columns %3.2
307  * percentage " %pc3" %6.2
308  */
309 int format_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
310 	struct pkg_data *p)
311 {
312 	double interval_float;
313 
314 	 /* if showing only 1st thread in core and this isn't one, bail out */
315 	if (show_core_only && !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
316 		return 0;
317 
318 	 /* if showing only 1st thread in pkg and this isn't one, bail out */
319 	if (show_pkg_only && !(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
320 		return 0;
321 
322 	interval_float = tv_delta.tv_sec + tv_delta.tv_usec/1000000.0;
323 
324 	/* topo columns, print blanks on 1st (average) line */
325 	if (t == &average.threads) {
326 		if (show_pkg)
327 			outp += sprintf(outp, "  ");
328 		if (show_pkg && show_core)
329 			outp += sprintf(outp, " ");
330 		if (show_core)
331 			outp += sprintf(outp, "   ");
332 		if (show_cpu)
333 			outp += sprintf(outp, " " "   ");
334 	} else {
335 		if (show_pkg) {
336 			if (p)
337 				outp += sprintf(outp, "%2d", p->package_id);
338 			else
339 				outp += sprintf(outp, "  ");
340 		}
341 		if (show_pkg && show_core)
342 			outp += sprintf(outp, " ");
343 		if (show_core) {
344 			if (c)
345 				outp += sprintf(outp, "%3d", c->core_id);
346 			else
347 				outp += sprintf(outp, "   ");
348 		}
349 		if (show_cpu)
350 			outp += sprintf(outp, " %3d", t->cpu_id);
351 	}
352 
353 	/* %c0 */
354 	if (do_nhm_cstates) {
355 		if (show_pkg || show_core || show_cpu)
356 			outp += sprintf(outp, " ");
357 		if (!skip_c0)
358 			outp += sprintf(outp, "%6.2f", 100.0 * t->mperf/t->tsc);
359 		else
360 			outp += sprintf(outp, "  ****");
361 	}
362 
363 	/* GHz */
364 	if (has_aperf) {
365 		if (!aperf_mperf_unstable) {
366 			outp += sprintf(outp, " %3.2f",
367 				1.0 * t->tsc / units * t->aperf /
368 				t->mperf / interval_float);
369 		} else {
370 			if (t->aperf > t->tsc || t->mperf > t->tsc) {
371 				outp += sprintf(outp, " ***");
372 			} else {
373 				outp += sprintf(outp, "%3.1f*",
374 					1.0 * t->tsc /
375 					units * t->aperf /
376 					t->mperf / interval_float);
377 			}
378 		}
379 	}
380 
381 	/* TSC */
382 	outp += sprintf(outp, "%5.2f", 1.0 * t->tsc/units/interval_float);
383 
384 	/* delta */
385 	if (extra_delta_offset32)
386 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  %11llu", t->extra_delta32);
387 
388 	/* DELTA */
389 	if (extra_delta_offset64)
390 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  %11llu", t->extra_delta64);
391 	/* msr */
392 	if (extra_msr_offset32)
393 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  0x%08llx", t->extra_msr32);
394 
395 	/* MSR */
396 	if (extra_msr_offset64)
397 		outp += sprintf(outp, "  0x%016llx", t->extra_msr64);
398 
399 	if (do_nhm_cstates) {
400 		if (!skip_c1)
401 			outp += sprintf(outp, " %6.2f", 100.0 * t->c1/t->tsc);
402 		else
403 			outp += sprintf(outp, "  ****");
404 	}
405 
406 	/* print per-core data only for 1st thread in core */
407 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
408 		goto done;
409 
410 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
411 		outp += sprintf(outp, " %6.2f", 100.0 * c->c3/t->tsc);
412 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
413 		outp += sprintf(outp, " %6.2f", 100.0 * c->c6/t->tsc);
414 	if (do_snb_cstates)
415 		outp += sprintf(outp, " %6.2f", 100.0 * c->c7/t->tsc);
416 
417 	/* print per-package data only for 1st core in package */
418 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
419 		goto done;
420 
421 	if (do_snb_cstates)
422 		outp += sprintf(outp, " %6.2f", 100.0 * p->pc2/t->tsc);
423 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
424 		outp += sprintf(outp, " %6.2f", 100.0 * p->pc3/t->tsc);
425 	if (do_nhm_cstates)
426 		outp += sprintf(outp, " %6.2f", 100.0 * p->pc6/t->tsc);
427 	if (do_snb_cstates)
428 		outp += sprintf(outp, " %6.2f", 100.0 * p->pc7/t->tsc);
429 done:
430 	outp += sprintf(outp, "\n");
431 
432 	return 0;
433 }
434 
435 void flush_stdout()
436 {
437 	fputs(output_buffer, stdout);
438 	outp = output_buffer;
439 }
440 void flush_stderr()
441 {
442 	fputs(output_buffer, stderr);
443 	outp = output_buffer;
444 }
445 void format_all_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
446 {
447 	static int printed;
448 
449 	if (!printed || !summary_only)
450 		print_header();
451 
452 	if (topo.num_cpus > 1)
453 		format_counters(&average.threads, &average.cores,
454 			&average.packages);
455 
456 	printed = 1;
457 
458 	if (summary_only)
459 		return;
460 
461 	for_all_cpus(format_counters, t, c, p);
462 }
463 
464 void
465 delta_package(struct pkg_data *new, struct pkg_data *old)
466 {
467 	old->pc2 = new->pc2 - old->pc2;
468 	old->pc3 = new->pc3 - old->pc3;
469 	old->pc6 = new->pc6 - old->pc6;
470 	old->pc7 = new->pc7 - old->pc7;
471 }
472 
473 void
474 delta_core(struct core_data *new, struct core_data *old)
475 {
476 	old->c3 = new->c3 - old->c3;
477 	old->c6 = new->c6 - old->c6;
478 	old->c7 = new->c7 - old->c7;
479 }
480 
481 /*
482  * old = new - old
483  */
484 void
485 delta_thread(struct thread_data *new, struct thread_data *old,
486 	struct core_data *core_delta)
487 {
488 	old->tsc = new->tsc - old->tsc;
489 
490 	/* check for TSC < 1 Mcycles over interval */
491 	if (old->tsc < (1000 * 1000)) {
492 		fprintf(stderr, "Insanely slow TSC rate, TSC stops in idle?\n");
493 		fprintf(stderr, "You can disable all c-states by booting with \"idle=poll\"\n");
494 		fprintf(stderr, "or just the deep ones with \"processor.max_cstate=1\"\n");
495 		exit(-3);
496 	}
497 
498 	old->c1 = new->c1 - old->c1;
499 
500 	if ((new->aperf > old->aperf) && (new->mperf > old->mperf)) {
501 		old->aperf = new->aperf - old->aperf;
502 		old->mperf = new->mperf - old->mperf;
503 	} else {
504 
505 		if (!aperf_mperf_unstable) {
506 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: APERF or MPERF went backwards *\n", progname);
507 			fprintf(stderr, "* Frequency results do not cover entire interval *\n");
508 			fprintf(stderr, "* fix this by running Linux-2.6.30 or later *\n");
509 
510 			aperf_mperf_unstable = 1;
511 		}
512 		/*
513 		 * mperf delta is likely a huge "positive" number
514 		 * can not use it for calculating c0 time
515 		 */
516 		skip_c0 = 1;
517 		skip_c1 = 1;
518 	}
519 
520 
521 	/*
522 	 * As counter collection is not atomic,
523 	 * it is possible for mperf's non-halted cycles + idle states
524 	 * to exceed TSC's all cycles: show c1 = 0% in that case.
525 	 */
526 	if ((old->mperf + core_delta->c3 + core_delta->c6 + core_delta->c7) > old->tsc)
527 		old->c1 = 0;
528 	else {
529 		/* normal case, derive c1 */
530 		old->c1 = old->tsc - old->mperf - core_delta->c3
531 				- core_delta->c6 - core_delta->c7;
532 	}
533 
534 	if (old->mperf == 0) {
535 		if (verbose > 1) fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d MPERF 0!\n", old->cpu_id);
536 		old->mperf = 1;	/* divide by 0 protection */
537 	}
538 
539 	old->extra_delta32 = new->extra_delta32 - old->extra_delta32;
540 	old->extra_delta32 &= 0xFFFFFFFF;
541 
542 	old->extra_delta64 = new->extra_delta64 - old->extra_delta64;
543 
544 	/*
545 	 * Extra MSR is just a snapshot, simply copy latest w/o subtracting
546 	 */
547 	old->extra_msr32 = new->extra_msr32;
548 	old->extra_msr64 = new->extra_msr64;
549 }
550 
551 int delta_cpu(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
552 	struct pkg_data *p, struct thread_data *t2,
553 	struct core_data *c2, struct pkg_data *p2)
554 {
555 	/* calculate core delta only for 1st thread in core */
556 	if (t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE)
557 		delta_core(c, c2);
558 
559 	/* always calculate thread delta */
560 	delta_thread(t, t2, c2);	/* c2 is core delta */
561 
562 	/* calculate package delta only for 1st core in package */
563 	if (t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE)
564 		delta_package(p, p2);
565 
566 	return 0;
567 }
568 
569 void clear_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
570 {
571 	t->tsc = 0;
572 	t->aperf = 0;
573 	t->mperf = 0;
574 	t->c1 = 0;
575 
576 	t->extra_delta32 = 0;
577 	t->extra_delta64 = 0;
578 
579 	/* tells format_counters to dump all fields from this set */
580 	t->flags = CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE | CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE;
581 
582 	c->c3 = 0;
583 	c->c6 = 0;
584 	c->c7 = 0;
585 
586 	p->pc2 = 0;
587 	p->pc3 = 0;
588 	p->pc6 = 0;
589 	p->pc7 = 0;
590 }
591 int sum_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
592 	struct pkg_data *p)
593 {
594 	average.threads.tsc += t->tsc;
595 	average.threads.aperf += t->aperf;
596 	average.threads.mperf += t->mperf;
597 	average.threads.c1 += t->c1;
598 
599 	average.threads.extra_delta32 += t->extra_delta32;
600 	average.threads.extra_delta64 += t->extra_delta64;
601 
602 	/* sum per-core values only for 1st thread in core */
603 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
604 		return 0;
605 
606 	average.cores.c3 += c->c3;
607 	average.cores.c6 += c->c6;
608 	average.cores.c7 += c->c7;
609 
610 	/* sum per-pkg values only for 1st core in pkg */
611 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
612 		return 0;
613 
614 	average.packages.pc2 += p->pc2;
615 	average.packages.pc3 += p->pc3;
616 	average.packages.pc6 += p->pc6;
617 	average.packages.pc7 += p->pc7;
618 
619 	return 0;
620 }
621 /*
622  * sum the counters for all cpus in the system
623  * compute the weighted average
624  */
625 void compute_average(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c,
626 	struct pkg_data *p)
627 {
628 	clear_counters(&average.threads, &average.cores, &average.packages);
629 
630 	for_all_cpus(sum_counters, t, c, p);
631 
632 	average.threads.tsc /= topo.num_cpus;
633 	average.threads.aperf /= topo.num_cpus;
634 	average.threads.mperf /= topo.num_cpus;
635 	average.threads.c1 /= topo.num_cpus;
636 
637 	average.threads.extra_delta32 /= topo.num_cpus;
638 	average.threads.extra_delta32 &= 0xFFFFFFFF;
639 
640 	average.threads.extra_delta64 /= topo.num_cpus;
641 
642 	average.cores.c3 /= topo.num_cores;
643 	average.cores.c6 /= topo.num_cores;
644 	average.cores.c7 /= topo.num_cores;
645 
646 	average.packages.pc2 /= topo.num_packages;
647 	average.packages.pc3 /= topo.num_packages;
648 	average.packages.pc6 /= topo.num_packages;
649 	average.packages.pc7 /= topo.num_packages;
650 }
651 
652 static unsigned long long rdtsc(void)
653 {
654 	unsigned int low, high;
655 
656 	asm volatile("rdtsc" : "=a" (low), "=d" (high));
657 
658 	return low | ((unsigned long long)high) << 32;
659 }
660 
661 
662 /*
663  * get_counters(...)
664  * migrate to cpu
665  * acquire and record local counters for that cpu
666  */
667 int get_counters(struct thread_data *t, struct core_data *c, struct pkg_data *p)
668 {
669 	int cpu = t->cpu_id;
670 
671 	if (cpu_migrate(cpu))
672 		return -1;
673 
674 	t->tsc = rdtsc();	/* we are running on local CPU of interest */
675 
676 	if (has_aperf) {
677 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_APERF, &t->aperf))
678 			return -3;
679 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_MPERF, &t->mperf))
680 			return -4;
681 	}
682 
683 	if (extra_delta_offset32) {
684 		if (get_msr(cpu, extra_delta_offset32, &t->extra_delta32))
685 			return -5;
686 		t->extra_delta32 &= 0xFFFFFFFF;
687 	}
688 
689 	if (extra_delta_offset64)
690 		if (get_msr(cpu, extra_delta_offset64, &t->extra_delta64))
691 			return -5;
692 
693 	if (extra_msr_offset32) {
694 		if (get_msr(cpu, extra_msr_offset32, &t->extra_msr32))
695 			return -5;
696 		t->extra_msr32 &= 0xFFFFFFFF;
697 	}
698 
699 	if (extra_msr_offset64)
700 		if (get_msr(cpu, extra_msr_offset64, &t->extra_msr64))
701 			return -5;
702 
703 	/* collect core counters only for 1st thread in core */
704 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE))
705 		return 0;
706 
707 	if (do_nhm_cstates) {
708 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C3_RESIDENCY, &c->c3))
709 			return -6;
710 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C6_RESIDENCY, &c->c6))
711 			return -7;
712 	}
713 
714 	if (do_snb_cstates)
715 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_CORE_C7_RESIDENCY, &c->c7))
716 			return -8;
717 
718 	/* collect package counters only for 1st core in package */
719 	if (!(t->flags & CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE))
720 		return 0;
721 
722 	if (do_nhm_cstates) {
723 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C3_RESIDENCY, &p->pc3))
724 			return -9;
725 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C6_RESIDENCY, &p->pc6))
726 			return -10;
727 	}
728 	if (do_snb_cstates) {
729 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C2_RESIDENCY, &p->pc2))
730 			return -11;
731 		if (get_msr(cpu, MSR_PKG_C7_RESIDENCY, &p->pc7))
732 			return -12;
733 	}
734 	return 0;
735 }
736 
737 void print_verbose_header(void)
738 {
739 	unsigned long long msr;
740 	unsigned int ratio;
741 
742 	if (!do_nehalem_platform_info)
743 		return;
744 
745 	get_msr(0, MSR_NEHALEM_PLATFORM_INFO, &msr);
746 
747 	if (verbose > 1)
748 		fprintf(stderr, "MSR_NEHALEM_PLATFORM_INFO: 0x%llx\n", msr);
749 
750 	ratio = (msr >> 40) & 0xFF;
751 	fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max efficiency\n",
752 		ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
753 
754 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
755 	fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz TSC frequency\n",
756 		ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
757 
758 	if (!do_ivt_turbo_ratio_limit)
759 		goto print_nhm_turbo_ratio_limits;
760 
761 	get_msr(0, MSR_IVT_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT, &msr);
762 
763 	if (verbose > 1)
764 		fprintf(stderr, "MSR_IVT_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT: 0x%llx\n", msr);
765 
766 	ratio = (msr >> 56) & 0xFF;
767 	if (ratio)
768 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 16 active cores\n",
769 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
770 
771 	ratio = (msr >> 48) & 0xFF;
772 	if (ratio)
773 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 15 active cores\n",
774 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
775 
776 	ratio = (msr >> 40) & 0xFF;
777 	if (ratio)
778 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 14 active cores\n",
779 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
780 
781 	ratio = (msr >> 32) & 0xFF;
782 	if (ratio)
783 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 13 active cores\n",
784 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
785 
786 	ratio = (msr >> 24) & 0xFF;
787 	if (ratio)
788 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 12 active cores\n",
789 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
790 
791 	ratio = (msr >> 16) & 0xFF;
792 	if (ratio)
793 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 11 active cores\n",
794 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
795 
796 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
797 	if (ratio)
798 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 10 active cores\n",
799 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
800 
801 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0xFF;
802 	if (ratio)
803 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 9 active cores\n",
804 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
805 
806 print_nhm_turbo_ratio_limits:
807 
808 	if (!do_nehalem_turbo_ratio_limit)
809 		return;
810 
811 	get_msr(0, MSR_NEHALEM_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT, &msr);
812 
813 	if (verbose > 1)
814 		fprintf(stderr, "MSR_NEHALEM_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT: 0x%llx\n", msr);
815 
816 	ratio = (msr >> 56) & 0xFF;
817 	if (ratio)
818 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 8 active cores\n",
819 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
820 
821 	ratio = (msr >> 48) & 0xFF;
822 	if (ratio)
823 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 7 active cores\n",
824 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
825 
826 	ratio = (msr >> 40) & 0xFF;
827 	if (ratio)
828 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 6 active cores\n",
829 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
830 
831 	ratio = (msr >> 32) & 0xFF;
832 	if (ratio)
833 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 5 active cores\n",
834 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
835 
836 	ratio = (msr >> 24) & 0xFF;
837 	if (ratio)
838 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 4 active cores\n",
839 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
840 
841 	ratio = (msr >> 16) & 0xFF;
842 	if (ratio)
843 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 3 active cores\n",
844 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
845 
846 	ratio = (msr >> 8) & 0xFF;
847 	if (ratio)
848 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 2 active cores\n",
849 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
850 
851 	ratio = (msr >> 0) & 0xFF;
852 	if (ratio)
853 		fprintf(stderr, "%d * %.0f = %.0f MHz max turbo 1 active cores\n",
854 			ratio, bclk, ratio * bclk);
855 }
856 
857 void free_all_buffers(void)
858 {
859 	CPU_FREE(cpu_present_set);
860 	cpu_present_set = NULL;
861 	cpu_present_set = 0;
862 
863 	CPU_FREE(cpu_affinity_set);
864 	cpu_affinity_set = NULL;
865 	cpu_affinity_setsize = 0;
866 
867 	free(thread_even);
868 	free(core_even);
869 	free(package_even);
870 
871 	thread_even = NULL;
872 	core_even = NULL;
873 	package_even = NULL;
874 
875 	free(thread_odd);
876 	free(core_odd);
877 	free(package_odd);
878 
879 	thread_odd = NULL;
880 	core_odd = NULL;
881 	package_odd = NULL;
882 
883 	free(output_buffer);
884 	output_buffer = NULL;
885 	outp = NULL;
886 }
887 
888 /*
889  * cpu_is_first_sibling_in_core(cpu)
890  * return 1 if given CPU is 1st HT sibling in the core
891  */
892 int cpu_is_first_sibling_in_core(int cpu)
893 {
894 	char path[64];
895 	FILE *filep;
896 	int first_cpu;
897 
898 	sprintf(path, "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/thread_siblings_list", cpu);
899 	filep = fopen(path, "r");
900 	if (filep == NULL) {
901 		perror(path);
902 		exit(1);
903 	}
904 	fscanf(filep, "%d", &first_cpu);
905 	fclose(filep);
906 	return (cpu == first_cpu);
907 }
908 
909 /*
910  * cpu_is_first_core_in_package(cpu)
911  * return 1 if given CPU is 1st core in package
912  */
913 int cpu_is_first_core_in_package(int cpu)
914 {
915 	char path[64];
916 	FILE *filep;
917 	int first_cpu;
918 
919 	sprintf(path, "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/core_siblings_list", cpu);
920 	filep = fopen(path, "r");
921 	if (filep == NULL) {
922 		perror(path);
923 		exit(1);
924 	}
925 	fscanf(filep, "%d", &first_cpu);
926 	fclose(filep);
927 	return (cpu == first_cpu);
928 }
929 
930 int get_physical_package_id(int cpu)
931 {
932 	char path[80];
933 	FILE *filep;
934 	int pkg;
935 
936 	sprintf(path, "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/physical_package_id", cpu);
937 	filep = fopen(path, "r");
938 	if (filep == NULL) {
939 		perror(path);
940 		exit(1);
941 	}
942 	fscanf(filep, "%d", &pkg);
943 	fclose(filep);
944 	return pkg;
945 }
946 
947 int get_core_id(int cpu)
948 {
949 	char path[80];
950 	FILE *filep;
951 	int core;
952 
953 	sprintf(path, "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/core_id", cpu);
954 	filep = fopen(path, "r");
955 	if (filep == NULL) {
956 		perror(path);
957 		exit(1);
958 	}
959 	fscanf(filep, "%d", &core);
960 	fclose(filep);
961 	return core;
962 }
963 
964 int get_num_ht_siblings(int cpu)
965 {
966 	char path[80];
967 	FILE *filep;
968 	int sib1, sib2;
969 	int matches;
970 	char character;
971 
972 	sprintf(path, "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu%d/topology/thread_siblings_list", cpu);
973 	filep = fopen(path, "r");
974 	if (filep == NULL) {
975 		perror(path);
976 		exit(1);
977 	}
978 	/*
979 	 * file format:
980 	 * if a pair of number with a character between: 2 siblings (eg. 1-2, or 1,4)
981 	 * otherwinse 1 sibling (self).
982 	 */
983 	matches = fscanf(filep, "%d%c%d\n", &sib1, &character, &sib2);
984 
985 	fclose(filep);
986 
987 	if (matches == 3)
988 		return 2;
989 	else
990 		return 1;
991 }
992 
993 /*
994  * run func(thread, core, package) in topology order
995  * skip non-present cpus
996  */
997 
998 int for_all_cpus_2(int (func)(struct thread_data *, struct core_data *,
999 	struct pkg_data *, struct thread_data *, struct core_data *,
1000 	struct pkg_data *), struct thread_data *thread_base,
1001 	struct core_data *core_base, struct pkg_data *pkg_base,
1002 	struct thread_data *thread_base2, struct core_data *core_base2,
1003 	struct pkg_data *pkg_base2)
1004 {
1005 	int retval, pkg_no, core_no, thread_no;
1006 
1007 	for (pkg_no = 0; pkg_no < topo.num_packages; ++pkg_no) {
1008 		for (core_no = 0; core_no < topo.num_cores_per_pkg; ++core_no) {
1009 			for (thread_no = 0; thread_no <
1010 				topo.num_threads_per_core; ++thread_no) {
1011 				struct thread_data *t, *t2;
1012 				struct core_data *c, *c2;
1013 				struct pkg_data *p, *p2;
1014 
1015 				t = GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no);
1016 
1017 				if (cpu_is_not_present(t->cpu_id))
1018 					continue;
1019 
1020 				t2 = GET_THREAD(thread_base2, thread_no, core_no, pkg_no);
1021 
1022 				c = GET_CORE(core_base, core_no, pkg_no);
1023 				c2 = GET_CORE(core_base2, core_no, pkg_no);
1024 
1025 				p = GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_no);
1026 				p2 = GET_PKG(pkg_base2, pkg_no);
1027 
1028 				retval = func(t, c, p, t2, c2, p2);
1029 				if (retval)
1030 					return retval;
1031 			}
1032 		}
1033 	}
1034 	return 0;
1035 }
1036 
1037 /*
1038  * run func(cpu) on every cpu in /proc/stat
1039  * return max_cpu number
1040  */
1041 int for_all_proc_cpus(int (func)(int))
1042 {
1043 	FILE *fp;
1044 	int cpu_num;
1045 	int retval;
1046 
1047 	fp = fopen(proc_stat, "r");
1048 	if (fp == NULL) {
1049 		perror(proc_stat);
1050 		exit(1);
1051 	}
1052 
1053 	retval = fscanf(fp, "cpu %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d\n");
1054 	if (retval != 0) {
1055 		perror("/proc/stat format");
1056 		exit(1);
1057 	}
1058 
1059 	while (1) {
1060 		retval = fscanf(fp, "cpu%u %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d\n", &cpu_num);
1061 		if (retval != 1)
1062 			break;
1063 
1064 		retval = func(cpu_num);
1065 		if (retval) {
1066 			fclose(fp);
1067 			return(retval);
1068 		}
1069 	}
1070 	fclose(fp);
1071 	return 0;
1072 }
1073 
1074 void re_initialize(void)
1075 {
1076 	free_all_buffers();
1077 	setup_all_buffers();
1078 	printf("turbostat: re-initialized with num_cpus %d\n", topo.num_cpus);
1079 }
1080 
1081 
1082 /*
1083  * count_cpus()
1084  * remember the last one seen, it will be the max
1085  */
1086 int count_cpus(int cpu)
1087 {
1088 	if (topo.max_cpu_num < cpu)
1089 		topo.max_cpu_num = cpu;
1090 
1091 	topo.num_cpus += 1;
1092 	return 0;
1093 }
1094 int mark_cpu_present(int cpu)
1095 {
1096 	CPU_SET_S(cpu, cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
1097 	return 0;
1098 }
1099 
1100 void turbostat_loop()
1101 {
1102 	int retval;
1103 
1104 restart:
1105 	retval = for_all_cpus(get_counters, EVEN_COUNTERS);
1106 	if (retval < -1) {
1107 		exit(retval);
1108 	} else if (retval == -1) {
1109 		re_initialize();
1110 		goto restart;
1111 	}
1112 	gettimeofday(&tv_even, (struct timezone *)NULL);
1113 
1114 	while (1) {
1115 		if (for_all_proc_cpus(cpu_is_not_present)) {
1116 			re_initialize();
1117 			goto restart;
1118 		}
1119 		sleep(interval_sec);
1120 		retval = for_all_cpus(get_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
1121 		if (retval < -1) {
1122 			exit(retval);
1123 		} else if (retval == -1) {
1124 			re_initialize();
1125 			goto restart;
1126 		}
1127 		gettimeofday(&tv_odd, (struct timezone *)NULL);
1128 		timersub(&tv_odd, &tv_even, &tv_delta);
1129 		for_all_cpus_2(delta_cpu, ODD_COUNTERS, EVEN_COUNTERS);
1130 		compute_average(EVEN_COUNTERS);
1131 		format_all_counters(EVEN_COUNTERS);
1132 		flush_stdout();
1133 		sleep(interval_sec);
1134 		retval = for_all_cpus(get_counters, EVEN_COUNTERS);
1135 		if (retval < -1) {
1136 			exit(retval);
1137 		} else if (retval == -1) {
1138 			re_initialize();
1139 			goto restart;
1140 		}
1141 		gettimeofday(&tv_even, (struct timezone *)NULL);
1142 		timersub(&tv_even, &tv_odd, &tv_delta);
1143 		for_all_cpus_2(delta_cpu, EVEN_COUNTERS, ODD_COUNTERS);
1144 		compute_average(ODD_COUNTERS);
1145 		format_all_counters(ODD_COUNTERS);
1146 		flush_stdout();
1147 	}
1148 }
1149 
1150 void check_dev_msr()
1151 {
1152 	struct stat sb;
1153 
1154 	if (stat("/dev/cpu/0/msr", &sb)) {
1155 		fprintf(stderr, "no /dev/cpu/0/msr\n");
1156 		fprintf(stderr, "Try \"# modprobe msr\"\n");
1157 		exit(-5);
1158 	}
1159 }
1160 
1161 void check_super_user()
1162 {
1163 	if (getuid() != 0) {
1164 		fprintf(stderr, "must be root\n");
1165 		exit(-6);
1166 	}
1167 }
1168 
1169 int has_nehalem_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
1170 {
1171 	if (!genuine_intel)
1172 		return 0;
1173 
1174 	if (family != 6)
1175 		return 0;
1176 
1177 	switch (model) {
1178 	case 0x1A:	/* Core i7, Xeon 5500 series - Bloomfield, Gainstown NHM-EP */
1179 	case 0x1E:	/* Core i7 and i5 Processor - Clarksfield, Lynnfield, Jasper Forest */
1180 	case 0x1F:	/* Core i7 and i5 Processor - Nehalem */
1181 	case 0x25:	/* Westmere Client - Clarkdale, Arrandale */
1182 	case 0x2C:	/* Westmere EP - Gulftown */
1183 	case 0x2A:	/* SNB */
1184 	case 0x2D:	/* SNB Xeon */
1185 	case 0x3A:	/* IVB */
1186 	case 0x3E:	/* IVB Xeon */
1187 		return 1;
1188 	case 0x2E:	/* Nehalem-EX Xeon - Beckton */
1189 	case 0x2F:	/* Westmere-EX Xeon - Eagleton */
1190 	default:
1191 		return 0;
1192 	}
1193 }
1194 int has_ivt_turbo_ratio_limit(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
1195 {
1196 	if (!genuine_intel)
1197 		return 0;
1198 
1199 	if (family != 6)
1200 		return 0;
1201 
1202 	switch (model) {
1203 	case 0x3E:	/* IVB Xeon */
1204 		return 1;
1205 	default:
1206 		return 0;
1207 	}
1208 }
1209 
1210 
1211 int is_snb(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
1212 {
1213 	if (!genuine_intel)
1214 		return 0;
1215 
1216 	switch (model) {
1217 	case 0x2A:
1218 	case 0x2D:
1219 	case 0x3A:	/* IVB */
1220 	case 0x3E:	/* IVB Xeon */
1221 		return 1;
1222 	}
1223 	return 0;
1224 }
1225 
1226 double discover_bclk(unsigned int family, unsigned int model)
1227 {
1228 	if (is_snb(family, model))
1229 		return 100.00;
1230 	else
1231 		return 133.33;
1232 }
1233 
1234 void check_cpuid()
1235 {
1236 	unsigned int eax, ebx, ecx, edx, max_level;
1237 	unsigned int fms, family, model, stepping;
1238 
1239 	eax = ebx = ecx = edx = 0;
1240 
1241 	asm("cpuid" : "=a" (max_level), "=b" (ebx), "=c" (ecx), "=d" (edx) : "a" (0));
1242 
1243 	if (ebx == 0x756e6547 && edx == 0x49656e69 && ecx == 0x6c65746e)
1244 		genuine_intel = 1;
1245 
1246 	if (verbose)
1247 		fprintf(stderr, "%.4s%.4s%.4s ",
1248 			(char *)&ebx, (char *)&edx, (char *)&ecx);
1249 
1250 	asm("cpuid" : "=a" (fms), "=c" (ecx), "=d" (edx) : "a" (1) : "ebx");
1251 	family = (fms >> 8) & 0xf;
1252 	model = (fms >> 4) & 0xf;
1253 	stepping = fms & 0xf;
1254 	if (family == 6 || family == 0xf)
1255 		model += ((fms >> 16) & 0xf) << 4;
1256 
1257 	if (verbose)
1258 		fprintf(stderr, "%d CPUID levels; family:model:stepping 0x%x:%x:%x (%d:%d:%d)\n",
1259 			max_level, family, model, stepping, family, model, stepping);
1260 
1261 	if (!(edx & (1 << 5))) {
1262 		fprintf(stderr, "CPUID: no MSR\n");
1263 		exit(1);
1264 	}
1265 
1266 	/*
1267 	 * check max extended function levels of CPUID.
1268 	 * This is needed to check for invariant TSC.
1269 	 * This check is valid for both Intel and AMD.
1270 	 */
1271 	ebx = ecx = edx = 0;
1272 	asm("cpuid" : "=a" (max_level), "=b" (ebx), "=c" (ecx), "=d" (edx) : "a" (0x80000000));
1273 
1274 	if (max_level < 0x80000007) {
1275 		fprintf(stderr, "CPUID: no invariant TSC (max_level 0x%x)\n", max_level);
1276 		exit(1);
1277 	}
1278 
1279 	/*
1280 	 * Non-Stop TSC is advertised by CPUID.EAX=0x80000007: EDX.bit8
1281 	 * this check is valid for both Intel and AMD
1282 	 */
1283 	asm("cpuid" : "=a" (eax), "=b" (ebx), "=c" (ecx), "=d" (edx) : "a" (0x80000007));
1284 	has_invariant_tsc = edx & (1 << 8);
1285 
1286 	if (!has_invariant_tsc) {
1287 		fprintf(stderr, "No invariant TSC\n");
1288 		exit(1);
1289 	}
1290 
1291 	/*
1292 	 * APERF/MPERF is advertised by CPUID.EAX=0x6: ECX.bit0
1293 	 * this check is valid for both Intel and AMD
1294 	 */
1295 
1296 	asm("cpuid" : "=a" (eax), "=b" (ebx), "=c" (ecx), "=d" (edx) : "a" (0x6));
1297 	has_aperf = ecx & (1 << 0);
1298 	if (!has_aperf) {
1299 		fprintf(stderr, "No APERF MSR\n");
1300 		exit(1);
1301 	}
1302 
1303 	do_nehalem_platform_info = genuine_intel && has_invariant_tsc;
1304 	do_nhm_cstates = genuine_intel;	/* all Intel w/ non-stop TSC have NHM counters */
1305 	do_snb_cstates = is_snb(family, model);
1306 	bclk = discover_bclk(family, model);
1307 
1308 	do_nehalem_turbo_ratio_limit = has_nehalem_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model);
1309 	do_ivt_turbo_ratio_limit = has_ivt_turbo_ratio_limit(family, model);
1310 }
1311 
1312 
1313 void usage()
1314 {
1315 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: [-v][-p|-P|-S][-c MSR# | -s]][-C MSR#][-m MSR#][-M MSR#][-i interval_sec | command ...]\n",
1316 		progname);
1317 	exit(1);
1318 }
1319 
1320 
1321 /*
1322  * in /dev/cpu/ return success for names that are numbers
1323  * ie. filter out ".", "..", "microcode".
1324  */
1325 int dir_filter(const struct dirent *dirp)
1326 {
1327 	if (isdigit(dirp->d_name[0]))
1328 		return 1;
1329 	else
1330 		return 0;
1331 }
1332 
1333 int open_dev_cpu_msr(int dummy1)
1334 {
1335 	return 0;
1336 }
1337 
1338 void topology_probe()
1339 {
1340 	int i;
1341 	int max_core_id = 0;
1342 	int max_package_id = 0;
1343 	int max_siblings = 0;
1344 	struct cpu_topology {
1345 		int core_id;
1346 		int physical_package_id;
1347 	} *cpus;
1348 
1349 	/* Initialize num_cpus, max_cpu_num */
1350 	topo.num_cpus = 0;
1351 	topo.max_cpu_num = 0;
1352 	for_all_proc_cpus(count_cpus);
1353 	if (!summary_only && topo.num_cpus > 1)
1354 		show_cpu = 1;
1355 
1356 	if (verbose > 1)
1357 		fprintf(stderr, "num_cpus %d max_cpu_num %d\n", topo.num_cpus, topo.max_cpu_num);
1358 
1359 	cpus = calloc(1, (topo.max_cpu_num  + 1) * sizeof(struct cpu_topology));
1360 	if (cpus == NULL) {
1361 		perror("calloc cpus");
1362 		exit(1);
1363 	}
1364 
1365 	/*
1366 	 * Allocate and initialize cpu_present_set
1367 	 */
1368 	cpu_present_set = CPU_ALLOC((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
1369 	if (cpu_present_set == NULL) {
1370 		perror("CPU_ALLOC");
1371 		exit(3);
1372 	}
1373 	cpu_present_setsize = CPU_ALLOC_SIZE((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
1374 	CPU_ZERO_S(cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
1375 	for_all_proc_cpus(mark_cpu_present);
1376 
1377 	/*
1378 	 * Allocate and initialize cpu_affinity_set
1379 	 */
1380 	cpu_affinity_set = CPU_ALLOC((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
1381 	if (cpu_affinity_set == NULL) {
1382 		perror("CPU_ALLOC");
1383 		exit(3);
1384 	}
1385 	cpu_affinity_setsize = CPU_ALLOC_SIZE((topo.max_cpu_num + 1));
1386 	CPU_ZERO_S(cpu_affinity_setsize, cpu_affinity_set);
1387 
1388 
1389 	/*
1390 	 * For online cpus
1391 	 * find max_core_id, max_package_id
1392 	 */
1393 	for (i = 0; i <= topo.max_cpu_num; ++i) {
1394 		int siblings;
1395 
1396 		if (cpu_is_not_present(i)) {
1397 			if (verbose > 1)
1398 				fprintf(stderr, "cpu%d NOT PRESENT\n", i);
1399 			continue;
1400 		}
1401 		cpus[i].core_id = get_core_id(i);
1402 		if (cpus[i].core_id > max_core_id)
1403 			max_core_id = cpus[i].core_id;
1404 
1405 		cpus[i].physical_package_id = get_physical_package_id(i);
1406 		if (cpus[i].physical_package_id > max_package_id)
1407 			max_package_id = cpus[i].physical_package_id;
1408 
1409 		siblings = get_num_ht_siblings(i);
1410 		if (siblings > max_siblings)
1411 			max_siblings = siblings;
1412 		if (verbose > 1)
1413 			fprintf(stderr, "cpu %d pkg %d core %d\n",
1414 				i, cpus[i].physical_package_id, cpus[i].core_id);
1415 	}
1416 	topo.num_cores_per_pkg = max_core_id + 1;
1417 	if (verbose > 1)
1418 		fprintf(stderr, "max_core_id %d, sizing for %d cores per package\n",
1419 			max_core_id, topo.num_cores_per_pkg);
1420 	if (!summary_only && topo.num_cores_per_pkg > 1)
1421 		show_core = 1;
1422 
1423 	topo.num_packages = max_package_id + 1;
1424 	if (verbose > 1)
1425 		fprintf(stderr, "max_package_id %d, sizing for %d packages\n",
1426 			max_package_id, topo.num_packages);
1427 	if (!summary_only && topo.num_packages > 1)
1428 		show_pkg = 1;
1429 
1430 	topo.num_threads_per_core = max_siblings;
1431 	if (verbose > 1)
1432 		fprintf(stderr, "max_siblings %d\n", max_siblings);
1433 
1434 	free(cpus);
1435 }
1436 
1437 void
1438 allocate_counters(struct thread_data **t, struct core_data **c, struct pkg_data **p)
1439 {
1440 	int i;
1441 
1442 	*t = calloc(topo.num_threads_per_core * topo.num_cores_per_pkg *
1443 		topo.num_packages, sizeof(struct thread_data));
1444 	if (*t == NULL)
1445 		goto error;
1446 
1447 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_threads_per_core *
1448 		topo.num_cores_per_pkg * topo.num_packages; i++)
1449 		(*t)[i].cpu_id = -1;
1450 
1451 	*c = calloc(topo.num_cores_per_pkg * topo.num_packages,
1452 		sizeof(struct core_data));
1453 	if (*c == NULL)
1454 		goto error;
1455 
1456 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_cores_per_pkg * topo.num_packages; i++)
1457 		(*c)[i].core_id = -1;
1458 
1459 	*p = calloc(topo.num_packages, sizeof(struct pkg_data));
1460 	if (*p == NULL)
1461 		goto error;
1462 
1463 	for (i = 0; i < topo.num_packages; i++)
1464 		(*p)[i].package_id = i;
1465 
1466 	return;
1467 error:
1468 	perror("calloc counters");
1469 	exit(1);
1470 }
1471 /*
1472  * init_counter()
1473  *
1474  * set cpu_id, core_num, pkg_num
1475  * set FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE and FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE
1476  *
1477  * increment topo.num_cores when 1st core in pkg seen
1478  */
1479 void init_counter(struct thread_data *thread_base, struct core_data *core_base,
1480 	struct pkg_data *pkg_base, int thread_num, int core_num,
1481 	int pkg_num, int cpu_id)
1482 {
1483 	struct thread_data *t;
1484 	struct core_data *c;
1485 	struct pkg_data *p;
1486 
1487 	t = GET_THREAD(thread_base, thread_num, core_num, pkg_num);
1488 	c = GET_CORE(core_base, core_num, pkg_num);
1489 	p = GET_PKG(pkg_base, pkg_num);
1490 
1491 	t->cpu_id = cpu_id;
1492 	if (thread_num == 0) {
1493 		t->flags |= CPU_IS_FIRST_THREAD_IN_CORE;
1494 		if (cpu_is_first_core_in_package(cpu_id))
1495 			t->flags |= CPU_IS_FIRST_CORE_IN_PACKAGE;
1496 	}
1497 
1498 	c->core_id = core_num;
1499 	p->package_id = pkg_num;
1500 }
1501 
1502 
1503 int initialize_counters(int cpu_id)
1504 {
1505 	int my_thread_id, my_core_id, my_package_id;
1506 
1507 	my_package_id = get_physical_package_id(cpu_id);
1508 	my_core_id = get_core_id(cpu_id);
1509 
1510 	if (cpu_is_first_sibling_in_core(cpu_id)) {
1511 		my_thread_id = 0;
1512 		topo.num_cores++;
1513 	} else {
1514 		my_thread_id = 1;
1515 	}
1516 
1517 	init_counter(EVEN_COUNTERS, my_thread_id, my_core_id, my_package_id, cpu_id);
1518 	init_counter(ODD_COUNTERS, my_thread_id, my_core_id, my_package_id, cpu_id);
1519 	return 0;
1520 }
1521 
1522 void allocate_output_buffer()
1523 {
1524 	output_buffer = calloc(1, (1 + topo.num_cpus) * 128);
1525 	outp = output_buffer;
1526 	if (outp == NULL) {
1527 		perror("calloc");
1528 		exit(-1);
1529 	}
1530 }
1531 
1532 void setup_all_buffers(void)
1533 {
1534 	topology_probe();
1535 	allocate_counters(&thread_even, &core_even, &package_even);
1536 	allocate_counters(&thread_odd, &core_odd, &package_odd);
1537 	allocate_output_buffer();
1538 	for_all_proc_cpus(initialize_counters);
1539 }
1540 void turbostat_init()
1541 {
1542 	check_cpuid();
1543 
1544 	check_dev_msr();
1545 	check_super_user();
1546 
1547 	setup_all_buffers();
1548 
1549 	if (verbose)
1550 		print_verbose_header();
1551 }
1552 
1553 int fork_it(char **argv)
1554 {
1555 	pid_t child_pid;
1556 	int status;
1557 
1558 	status = for_all_cpus(get_counters, EVEN_COUNTERS);
1559 	if (status)
1560 		exit(status);
1561 	/* clear affinity side-effect of get_counters() */
1562 	sched_setaffinity(0, cpu_present_setsize, cpu_present_set);
1563 	gettimeofday(&tv_even, (struct timezone *)NULL);
1564 
1565 	child_pid = fork();
1566 	if (!child_pid) {
1567 		/* child */
1568 		execvp(argv[0], argv);
1569 	} else {
1570 
1571 		/* parent */
1572 		if (child_pid == -1) {
1573 			perror("fork");
1574 			exit(1);
1575 		}
1576 
1577 		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1578 		signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
1579 		if (waitpid(child_pid, &status, 0) == -1) {
1580 			perror("wait");
1581 			exit(status);
1582 		}
1583 	}
1584 	/*
1585 	 * n.b. fork_it() does not check for errors from for_all_cpus()
1586 	 * because re-starting is problematic when forking
1587 	 */
1588 	for_all_cpus(get_counters, ODD_COUNTERS);
1589 	gettimeofday(&tv_odd, (struct timezone *)NULL);
1590 	timersub(&tv_odd, &tv_even, &tv_delta);
1591 	for_all_cpus_2(delta_cpu, ODD_COUNTERS, EVEN_COUNTERS);
1592 	compute_average(EVEN_COUNTERS);
1593 	format_all_counters(EVEN_COUNTERS);
1594 	flush_stderr();
1595 
1596 	fprintf(stderr, "%.6f sec\n", tv_delta.tv_sec + tv_delta.tv_usec/1000000.0);
1597 
1598 	return status;
1599 }
1600 
1601 void cmdline(int argc, char **argv)
1602 {
1603 	int opt;
1604 
1605 	progname = argv[0];
1606 
1607 	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "+pPSvi:sc:sC:m:M:")) != -1) {
1608 		switch (opt) {
1609 		case 'p':
1610 			show_core_only++;
1611 			break;
1612 		case 'P':
1613 			show_pkg_only++;
1614 			break;
1615 		case 'S':
1616 			summary_only++;
1617 			break;
1618 		case 'v':
1619 			verbose++;
1620 			break;
1621 		case 'i':
1622 			interval_sec = atoi(optarg);
1623 			break;
1624 		case 'c':
1625 			sscanf(optarg, "%x", &extra_delta_offset32);
1626 			break;
1627 		case 's':
1628 			extra_delta_offset32 = 0x34;	/* SMI counter */
1629 			break;
1630 		case 'C':
1631 			sscanf(optarg, "%x", &extra_delta_offset64);
1632 			break;
1633 		case 'm':
1634 			sscanf(optarg, "%x", &extra_msr_offset32);
1635 			break;
1636 		case 'M':
1637 			sscanf(optarg, "%x", &extra_msr_offset64);
1638 			break;
1639 		default:
1640 			usage();
1641 		}
1642 	}
1643 }
1644 
1645 int main(int argc, char **argv)
1646 {
1647 	cmdline(argc, argv);
1648 
1649 	if (verbose > 1)
1650 		fprintf(stderr, "turbostat v2.1 October 6, 2012"
1651 			" - Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>\n");
1652 
1653 	turbostat_init();
1654 
1655 	/*
1656 	 * if any params left, it must be a command to fork
1657 	 */
1658 	if (argc - optind)
1659 		return fork_it(argv + optind);
1660 	else
1661 		turbostat_loop();
1662 
1663 	return 0;
1664 }
1665