xref: /linux/tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c (revision e5c86679d5e864947a52fb31e45a425dea3e7fa9)
1 #include <stdio.h>
2 #include "evsel.h"
3 #include "stat.h"
4 #include "color.h"
5 #include "pmu.h"
6 
7 enum {
8 	CTX_BIT_USER	= 1 << 0,
9 	CTX_BIT_KERNEL	= 1 << 1,
10 	CTX_BIT_HV	= 1 << 2,
11 	CTX_BIT_HOST	= 1 << 3,
12 	CTX_BIT_IDLE	= 1 << 4,
13 	CTX_BIT_MAX	= 1 << 5,
14 };
15 
16 #define NUM_CTX CTX_BIT_MAX
17 
18 /*
19  * AGGR_GLOBAL: Use CPU 0
20  * AGGR_SOCKET: Use first CPU of socket
21  * AGGR_CORE: Use first CPU of core
22  * AGGR_NONE: Use matching CPU
23  * AGGR_THREAD: Not supported?
24  */
25 static struct stats runtime_nsecs_stats[MAX_NR_CPUS];
26 static struct stats runtime_cycles_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
27 static struct stats runtime_stalled_cycles_front_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
28 static struct stats runtime_stalled_cycles_back_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
29 static struct stats runtime_branches_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
30 static struct stats runtime_cacherefs_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
31 static struct stats runtime_l1_dcache_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
32 static struct stats runtime_l1_icache_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
33 static struct stats runtime_ll_cache_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
34 static struct stats runtime_itlb_cache_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
35 static struct stats runtime_dtlb_cache_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
36 static struct stats runtime_cycles_in_tx_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
37 static struct stats runtime_transaction_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
38 static struct stats runtime_elision_stats[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
39 static struct stats runtime_topdown_total_slots[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
40 static struct stats runtime_topdown_slots_issued[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
41 static struct stats runtime_topdown_slots_retired[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
42 static struct stats runtime_topdown_fetch_bubbles[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
43 static struct stats runtime_topdown_recovery_bubbles[NUM_CTX][MAX_NR_CPUS];
44 static bool have_frontend_stalled;
45 
46 struct stats walltime_nsecs_stats;
47 
48 void perf_stat__init_shadow_stats(void)
49 {
50 	have_frontend_stalled = pmu_have_event("cpu", "stalled-cycles-frontend");
51 }
52 
53 static int evsel_context(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
54 {
55 	int ctx = 0;
56 
57 	if (evsel->attr.exclude_kernel)
58 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_KERNEL;
59 	if (evsel->attr.exclude_user)
60 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_USER;
61 	if (evsel->attr.exclude_hv)
62 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_HV;
63 	if (evsel->attr.exclude_host)
64 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_HOST;
65 	if (evsel->attr.exclude_idle)
66 		ctx |= CTX_BIT_IDLE;
67 
68 	return ctx;
69 }
70 
71 void perf_stat__reset_shadow_stats(void)
72 {
73 	memset(runtime_nsecs_stats, 0, sizeof(runtime_nsecs_stats));
74 	memset(runtime_cycles_stats, 0, sizeof(runtime_cycles_stats));
75 	memset(runtime_stalled_cycles_front_stats, 0, sizeof(runtime_stalled_cycles_front_stats));
76 	memset(runtime_stalled_cycles_back_stats, 0, sizeof(runtime_stalled_cycles_back_stats));
77 	memset(runtime_branches_stats, 0, sizeof(runtime_branches_stats));
78 	memset(runtime_cacherefs_stats, 0, sizeof(runtime_cacherefs_stats));
79 	memset(runtime_l1_dcache_stats, 0, sizeof(runtime_l1_dcache_stats));
80 	memset(runtime_l1_icache_stats, 0, sizeof(runtime_l1_icache_stats));
81 	memset(runtime_ll_cache_stats, 0, sizeof(runtime_ll_cache_stats));
82 	memset(runtime_itlb_cache_stats, 0, sizeof(runtime_itlb_cache_stats));
83 	memset(runtime_dtlb_cache_stats, 0, sizeof(runtime_dtlb_cache_stats));
84 	memset(runtime_cycles_in_tx_stats, 0,
85 			sizeof(runtime_cycles_in_tx_stats));
86 	memset(runtime_transaction_stats, 0,
87 		sizeof(runtime_transaction_stats));
88 	memset(runtime_elision_stats, 0, sizeof(runtime_elision_stats));
89 	memset(&walltime_nsecs_stats, 0, sizeof(walltime_nsecs_stats));
90 	memset(runtime_topdown_total_slots, 0, sizeof(runtime_topdown_total_slots));
91 	memset(runtime_topdown_slots_retired, 0, sizeof(runtime_topdown_slots_retired));
92 	memset(runtime_topdown_slots_issued, 0, sizeof(runtime_topdown_slots_issued));
93 	memset(runtime_topdown_fetch_bubbles, 0, sizeof(runtime_topdown_fetch_bubbles));
94 	memset(runtime_topdown_recovery_bubbles, 0, sizeof(runtime_topdown_recovery_bubbles));
95 }
96 
97 /*
98  * Update various tracking values we maintain to print
99  * more semantic information such as miss/hit ratios,
100  * instruction rates, etc:
101  */
102 void perf_stat__update_shadow_stats(struct perf_evsel *counter, u64 *count,
103 				    int cpu)
104 {
105 	int ctx = evsel_context(counter);
106 
107 	if (perf_evsel__match(counter, SOFTWARE, SW_TASK_CLOCK) ||
108 	    perf_evsel__match(counter, SOFTWARE, SW_CPU_CLOCK))
109 		update_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu], count[0]);
110 	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES))
111 		update_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
112 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, CYCLES_IN_TX))
113 		update_stats(&runtime_cycles_in_tx_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
114 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TRANSACTION_START))
115 		update_stats(&runtime_transaction_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
116 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, ELISION_START))
117 		update_stats(&runtime_elision_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
118 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_TOTAL_SLOTS))
119 		update_stats(&runtime_topdown_total_slots[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
120 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED))
121 		update_stats(&runtime_topdown_slots_issued[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
122 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED))
123 		update_stats(&runtime_topdown_slots_retired[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
124 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES))
125 		update_stats(&runtime_topdown_fetch_bubbles[ctx][cpu],count[0]);
126 	else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(counter, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES))
127 		update_stats(&runtime_topdown_recovery_bubbles[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
128 	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND))
129 		update_stats(&runtime_stalled_cycles_front_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
130 	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND))
131 		update_stats(&runtime_stalled_cycles_back_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
132 	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS))
133 		update_stats(&runtime_branches_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
134 	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_REFERENCES))
135 		update_stats(&runtime_cacherefs_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
136 	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1D))
137 		update_stats(&runtime_l1_dcache_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
138 	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_L1I))
139 		update_stats(&runtime_ll_cache_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
140 	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_LL))
141 		update_stats(&runtime_ll_cache_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
142 	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_DTLB))
143 		update_stats(&runtime_dtlb_cache_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
144 	else if (perf_evsel__match(counter, HW_CACHE, HW_CACHE_ITLB))
145 		update_stats(&runtime_itlb_cache_stats[ctx][cpu], count[0]);
146 }
147 
148 /* used for get_ratio_color() */
149 enum grc_type {
150 	GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE,
151 	GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE,
152 	GRC_CACHE_MISSES,
153 	GRC_MAX_NR
154 };
155 
156 static const char *get_ratio_color(enum grc_type type, double ratio)
157 {
158 	static const double grc_table[GRC_MAX_NR][3] = {
159 		[GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE] = { 50.0, 30.0, 10.0 },
160 		[GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE] = { 75.0, 50.0, 20.0 },
161 		[GRC_CACHE_MISSES] 	= { 20.0, 10.0, 5.0 },
162 	};
163 	const char *color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
164 
165 	if (ratio > grc_table[type][0])
166 		color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
167 	else if (ratio > grc_table[type][1])
168 		color = PERF_COLOR_MAGENTA;
169 	else if (ratio > grc_table[type][2])
170 		color = PERF_COLOR_YELLOW;
171 
172 	return color;
173 }
174 
175 static void print_stalled_cycles_frontend(int cpu,
176 					  struct perf_evsel *evsel, double avg,
177 					  struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out)
178 {
179 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
180 	const char *color;
181 	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
182 
183 	total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[ctx][cpu]);
184 
185 	if (total)
186 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
187 
188 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_FE, ratio);
189 
190 	if (ratio)
191 		out->print_metric(out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "frontend cycles idle",
192 				  ratio);
193 	else
194 		out->print_metric(out->ctx, NULL, NULL, "frontend cycles idle", 0);
195 }
196 
197 static void print_stalled_cycles_backend(int cpu,
198 					 struct perf_evsel *evsel, double avg,
199 					 struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out)
200 {
201 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
202 	const char *color;
203 	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
204 
205 	total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[ctx][cpu]);
206 
207 	if (total)
208 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
209 
210 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_STALLED_CYCLES_BE, ratio);
211 
212 	out->print_metric(out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "backend cycles idle", ratio);
213 }
214 
215 static void print_branch_misses(int cpu,
216 				struct perf_evsel *evsel,
217 				double avg,
218 				struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out)
219 {
220 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
221 	const char *color;
222 	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
223 
224 	total = avg_stats(&runtime_branches_stats[ctx][cpu]);
225 
226 	if (total)
227 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
228 
229 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
230 
231 	out->print_metric(out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all branches", ratio);
232 }
233 
234 static void print_l1_dcache_misses(int cpu,
235 				   struct perf_evsel *evsel,
236 				   double avg,
237 				   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out)
238 {
239 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
240 	const char *color;
241 	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
242 
243 	total = avg_stats(&runtime_l1_dcache_stats[ctx][cpu]);
244 
245 	if (total)
246 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
247 
248 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
249 
250 	out->print_metric(out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-dcache hits", ratio);
251 }
252 
253 static void print_l1_icache_misses(int cpu,
254 				   struct perf_evsel *evsel,
255 				   double avg,
256 				   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out)
257 {
258 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
259 	const char *color;
260 	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
261 
262 	total = avg_stats(&runtime_l1_icache_stats[ctx][cpu]);
263 
264 	if (total)
265 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
266 
267 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
268 	out->print_metric(out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all L1-icache hits", ratio);
269 }
270 
271 static void print_dtlb_cache_misses(int cpu,
272 				    struct perf_evsel *evsel,
273 				    double avg,
274 				    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out)
275 {
276 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
277 	const char *color;
278 	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
279 
280 	total = avg_stats(&runtime_dtlb_cache_stats[ctx][cpu]);
281 
282 	if (total)
283 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
284 
285 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
286 	out->print_metric(out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all dTLB cache hits", ratio);
287 }
288 
289 static void print_itlb_cache_misses(int cpu,
290 				    struct perf_evsel *evsel,
291 				    double avg,
292 				    struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out)
293 {
294 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
295 	const char *color;
296 	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
297 
298 	total = avg_stats(&runtime_itlb_cache_stats[ctx][cpu]);
299 
300 	if (total)
301 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
302 
303 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
304 	out->print_metric(out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all iTLB cache hits", ratio);
305 }
306 
307 static void print_ll_cache_misses(int cpu,
308 				  struct perf_evsel *evsel,
309 				  double avg,
310 				  struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out)
311 {
312 	double total, ratio = 0.0;
313 	const char *color;
314 	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
315 
316 	total = avg_stats(&runtime_ll_cache_stats[ctx][cpu]);
317 
318 	if (total)
319 		ratio = avg / total * 100.0;
320 
321 	color = get_ratio_color(GRC_CACHE_MISSES, ratio);
322 	out->print_metric(out->ctx, color, "%7.2f%%", "of all LL-cache hits", ratio);
323 }
324 
325 /*
326  * High level "TopDown" CPU core pipe line bottleneck break down.
327  *
328  * Basic concept following
329  * Yasin, A Top Down Method for Performance analysis and Counter architecture
330  * ISPASS14
331  *
332  * The CPU pipeline is divided into 4 areas that can be bottlenecks:
333  *
334  * Frontend -> Backend -> Retiring
335  * BadSpeculation in addition means out of order execution that is thrown away
336  * (for example branch mispredictions)
337  * Frontend is instruction decoding.
338  * Backend is execution, like computation and accessing data in memory
339  * Retiring is good execution that is not directly bottlenecked
340  *
341  * The formulas are computed in slots.
342  * A slot is an entry in the pipeline each for the pipeline width
343  * (for example a 4-wide pipeline has 4 slots for each cycle)
344  *
345  * Formulas:
346  * BadSpeculation = ((SlotsIssued - SlotsRetired) + RecoveryBubbles) /
347  *			TotalSlots
348  * Retiring = SlotsRetired / TotalSlots
349  * FrontendBound = FetchBubbles / TotalSlots
350  * BackendBound = 1.0 - BadSpeculation - Retiring - FrontendBound
351  *
352  * The kernel provides the mapping to the low level CPU events and any scaling
353  * needed for the CPU pipeline width, for example:
354  *
355  * TotalSlots = Cycles * 4
356  *
357  * The scaling factor is communicated in the sysfs unit.
358  *
359  * In some cases the CPU may not be able to measure all the formulas due to
360  * missing events. In this case multiple formulas are combined, as possible.
361  *
362  * Full TopDown supports more levels to sub-divide each area: for example
363  * BackendBound into computing bound and memory bound. For now we only
364  * support Level 1 TopDown.
365  */
366 
367 static double sanitize_val(double x)
368 {
369 	if (x < 0 && x >= -0.02)
370 		return 0.0;
371 	return x;
372 }
373 
374 static double td_total_slots(int ctx, int cpu)
375 {
376 	return avg_stats(&runtime_topdown_total_slots[ctx][cpu]);
377 }
378 
379 static double td_bad_spec(int ctx, int cpu)
380 {
381 	double bad_spec = 0;
382 	double total_slots;
383 	double total;
384 
385 	total = avg_stats(&runtime_topdown_slots_issued[ctx][cpu]) -
386 		avg_stats(&runtime_topdown_slots_retired[ctx][cpu]) +
387 		avg_stats(&runtime_topdown_recovery_bubbles[ctx][cpu]);
388 	total_slots = td_total_slots(ctx, cpu);
389 	if (total_slots)
390 		bad_spec = total / total_slots;
391 	return sanitize_val(bad_spec);
392 }
393 
394 static double td_retiring(int ctx, int cpu)
395 {
396 	double retiring = 0;
397 	double total_slots = td_total_slots(ctx, cpu);
398 	double ret_slots = avg_stats(&runtime_topdown_slots_retired[ctx][cpu]);
399 
400 	if (total_slots)
401 		retiring = ret_slots / total_slots;
402 	return retiring;
403 }
404 
405 static double td_fe_bound(int ctx, int cpu)
406 {
407 	double fe_bound = 0;
408 	double total_slots = td_total_slots(ctx, cpu);
409 	double fetch_bub = avg_stats(&runtime_topdown_fetch_bubbles[ctx][cpu]);
410 
411 	if (total_slots)
412 		fe_bound = fetch_bub / total_slots;
413 	return fe_bound;
414 }
415 
416 static double td_be_bound(int ctx, int cpu)
417 {
418 	double sum = (td_fe_bound(ctx, cpu) +
419 		      td_bad_spec(ctx, cpu) +
420 		      td_retiring(ctx, cpu));
421 	if (sum == 0)
422 		return 0;
423 	return sanitize_val(1.0 - sum);
424 }
425 
426 void perf_stat__print_shadow_stats(struct perf_evsel *evsel,
427 				   double avg, int cpu,
428 				   struct perf_stat_output_ctx *out)
429 {
430 	void *ctxp = out->ctx;
431 	print_metric_t print_metric = out->print_metric;
432 	double total, ratio = 0.0, total2;
433 	const char *color = NULL;
434 	int ctx = evsel_context(evsel);
435 
436 	if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_INSTRUCTIONS)) {
437 		total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[ctx][cpu]);
438 		if (total) {
439 			ratio = avg / total;
440 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
441 					"insn per cycle", ratio);
442 		} else {
443 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "insn per cycle", 0);
444 		}
445 		total = avg_stats(&runtime_stalled_cycles_front_stats[ctx][cpu]);
446 		total = max(total, avg_stats(&runtime_stalled_cycles_back_stats[ctx][cpu]));
447 
448 		if (total && avg) {
449 			out->new_line(ctxp);
450 			ratio = total / avg;
451 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
452 					"stalled cycles per insn",
453 					ratio);
454 		} else if (have_frontend_stalled) {
455 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL,
456 				     "stalled cycles per insn", 0);
457 		}
458 	} else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_BRANCH_MISSES)) {
459 		if (runtime_branches_stats[ctx][cpu].n != 0)
460 			print_branch_misses(cpu, evsel, avg, out);
461 		else
462 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all branches", 0);
463 	} else if (
464 		evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
465 		evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
466 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
467 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
468 		if (runtime_l1_dcache_stats[ctx][cpu].n != 0)
469 			print_l1_dcache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg, out);
470 		else
471 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-dcache hits", 0);
472 	} else if (
473 		evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
474 		evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I |
475 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
476 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
477 		if (runtime_l1_icache_stats[ctx][cpu].n != 0)
478 			print_l1_icache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg, out);
479 		else
480 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all L1-icache hits", 0);
481 	} else if (
482 		evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
483 		evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
484 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
485 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
486 		if (runtime_dtlb_cache_stats[ctx][cpu].n != 0)
487 			print_dtlb_cache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg, out);
488 		else
489 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all dTLB cache hits", 0);
490 	} else if (
491 		evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
492 		evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
493 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
494 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
495 		if (runtime_itlb_cache_stats[ctx][cpu].n != 0)
496 			print_itlb_cache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg, out);
497 		else
498 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all iTLB cache hits", 0);
499 	} else if (
500 		evsel->attr.type == PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE &&
501 		evsel->attr.config ==  ( PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
502 					((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ) << 8) |
503 					 ((PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS) << 16))) {
504 		if (runtime_ll_cache_stats[ctx][cpu].n != 0)
505 			print_ll_cache_misses(cpu, evsel, avg, out);
506 		else
507 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all LL-cache hits", 0);
508 	} else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CACHE_MISSES)) {
509 		total = avg_stats(&runtime_cacherefs_stats[ctx][cpu]);
510 
511 		if (total)
512 			ratio = avg * 100 / total;
513 
514 		if (runtime_cacherefs_stats[ctx][cpu].n != 0)
515 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f %%",
516 				     "of all cache refs", ratio);
517 		else
518 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "of all cache refs", 0);
519 	} else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND)) {
520 		print_stalled_cycles_frontend(cpu, evsel, avg, out);
521 	} else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND)) {
522 		print_stalled_cycles_backend(cpu, evsel, avg, out);
523 	} else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_CPU_CYCLES)) {
524 		total = avg_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu]);
525 
526 		if (total) {
527 			ratio = avg / total;
528 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "GHz", ratio);
529 		} else {
530 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "Ghz", 0);
531 		}
532 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX)) {
533 		total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[ctx][cpu]);
534 		if (total)
535 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL,
536 					"%7.2f%%", "transactional cycles",
537 					100.0 * (avg / total));
538 		else
539 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "transactional cycles",
540 				     0);
541 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, CYCLES_IN_TX_CP)) {
542 		total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[ctx][cpu]);
543 		total2 = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_in_tx_stats[ctx][cpu]);
544 		if (total2 < avg)
545 			total2 = avg;
546 		if (total)
547 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f%%", "aborted cycles",
548 				100.0 * ((total2-avg) / total));
549 		else
550 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "aborted cycles", 0);
551 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TRANSACTION_START)) {
552 		total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_in_tx_stats[ctx][cpu]);
553 
554 		if (avg)
555 			ratio = total / avg;
556 
557 		if (runtime_cycles_in_tx_stats[ctx][cpu].n != 0)
558 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f",
559 				     "cycles / transaction", ratio);
560 		else
561 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "cycles / transaction",
562 				     0);
563 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, ELISION_START)) {
564 		total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_in_tx_stats[ctx][cpu]);
565 
566 		if (avg)
567 			ratio = total / avg;
568 
569 		print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%8.0f", "cycles / elision", ratio);
570 	} else if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, SOFTWARE, SW_TASK_CLOCK) ||
571 		   perf_evsel__match(evsel, SOFTWARE, SW_CPU_CLOCK)) {
572 		if ((ratio = avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats)) != 0)
573 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", "CPUs utilized",
574 				     avg / ratio);
575 		else
576 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "CPUs utilized", 0);
577 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_FETCH_BUBBLES)) {
578 		double fe_bound = td_fe_bound(ctx, cpu);
579 
580 		if (fe_bound > 0.2)
581 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
582 		print_metric(ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "frontend bound",
583 				fe_bound * 100.);
584 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_RETIRED)) {
585 		double retiring = td_retiring(ctx, cpu);
586 
587 		if (retiring > 0.7)
588 			color = PERF_COLOR_GREEN;
589 		print_metric(ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "retiring",
590 				retiring * 100.);
591 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_RECOVERY_BUBBLES)) {
592 		double bad_spec = td_bad_spec(ctx, cpu);
593 
594 		if (bad_spec > 0.1)
595 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
596 		print_metric(ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", "bad speculation",
597 				bad_spec * 100.);
598 	} else if (perf_stat_evsel__is(evsel, TOPDOWN_SLOTS_ISSUED)) {
599 		double be_bound = td_be_bound(ctx, cpu);
600 		const char *name = "backend bound";
601 		static int have_recovery_bubbles = -1;
602 
603 		/* In case the CPU does not support topdown-recovery-bubbles */
604 		if (have_recovery_bubbles < 0)
605 			have_recovery_bubbles = pmu_have_event("cpu",
606 					"topdown-recovery-bubbles");
607 		if (!have_recovery_bubbles)
608 			name = "backend bound/bad spec";
609 
610 		if (be_bound > 0.2)
611 			color = PERF_COLOR_RED;
612 		if (td_total_slots(ctx, cpu) > 0)
613 			print_metric(ctxp, color, "%8.1f%%", name,
614 					be_bound * 100.);
615 		else
616 			print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, name, 0);
617 	} else if (runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
618 		char unit = 'M';
619 		char unit_buf[10];
620 
621 		total = avg_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu]);
622 
623 		if (total)
624 			ratio = 1000.0 * avg / total;
625 		if (ratio < 0.001) {
626 			ratio *= 1000;
627 			unit = 'K';
628 		}
629 		snprintf(unit_buf, sizeof(unit_buf), "%c/sec", unit);
630 		print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", unit_buf, ratio);
631 	} else {
632 		print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
633 	}
634 }
635