xref: /linux/tools/perf/perf.c (revision b3b77c8caef1750ebeea1054e39e358550ea9f55)
1 /*
2  * perf.c
3  *
4  * Performance analysis utility.
5  *
6  * This is the main hub from which the sub-commands (perf stat,
7  * perf top, perf record, perf report, etc.) are started.
8  */
9 #include "builtin.h"
10 
11 #include "util/exec_cmd.h"
12 #include "util/cache.h"
13 #include "util/quote.h"
14 #include "util/run-command.h"
15 #include "util/parse-events.h"
16 #include "util/debugfs.h"
17 
18 bool use_browser;
19 
20 const char perf_usage_string[] =
21 	"perf [--version] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]";
22 
23 const char perf_more_info_string[] =
24 	"See 'perf help COMMAND' for more information on a specific command.";
25 
26 static int use_pager = -1;
27 struct pager_config {
28 	const char *cmd;
29 	int val;
30 };
31 
32 static char debugfs_mntpt[MAXPATHLEN];
33 
34 static int pager_command_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
35 {
36 	struct pager_config *c = data;
37 	if (!prefixcmp(var, "pager.") && !strcmp(var + 6, c->cmd))
38 		c->val = perf_config_bool(var, value);
39 	return 0;
40 }
41 
42 /* returns 0 for "no pager", 1 for "use pager", and -1 for "not specified" */
43 int check_pager_config(const char *cmd)
44 {
45 	struct pager_config c;
46 	c.cmd = cmd;
47 	c.val = -1;
48 	perf_config(pager_command_config, &c);
49 	return c.val;
50 }
51 
52 static void commit_pager_choice(void)
53 {
54 	switch (use_pager) {
55 	case 0:
56 		setenv("PERF_PAGER", "cat", 1);
57 		break;
58 	case 1:
59 		/* setup_pager(); */
60 		break;
61 	default:
62 		break;
63 	}
64 }
65 
66 static void set_debugfs_path(void)
67 {
68 	char *path;
69 
70 	path = getenv(PERF_DEBUGFS_ENVIRONMENT);
71 	snprintf(debugfs_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", path ?: debugfs_mntpt,
72 		 "tracing/events");
73 }
74 
75 static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
76 {
77 	int handled = 0;
78 
79 	while (*argc > 0) {
80 		const char *cmd = (*argv)[0];
81 		if (cmd[0] != '-')
82 			break;
83 
84 		/*
85 		 * For legacy reasons, the "version" and "help"
86 		 * commands can be written with "--" prepended
87 		 * to make them look like flags.
88 		 */
89 		if (!strcmp(cmd, "--help") || !strcmp(cmd, "--version"))
90 			break;
91 
92 		/*
93 		 * Check remaining flags.
94 		 */
95 		if (!prefixcmp(cmd, CMD_EXEC_PATH)) {
96 			cmd += strlen(CMD_EXEC_PATH);
97 			if (*cmd == '=')
98 				perf_set_argv_exec_path(cmd + 1);
99 			else {
100 				puts(perf_exec_path());
101 				exit(0);
102 			}
103 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--html-path")) {
104 			puts(system_path(PERF_HTML_PATH));
105 			exit(0);
106 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-p") || !strcmp(cmd, "--paginate")) {
107 			use_pager = 1;
108 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--no-pager")) {
109 			use_pager = 0;
110 			if (envchanged)
111 				*envchanged = 1;
112 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--perf-dir")) {
113 			if (*argc < 2) {
114 				fprintf(stderr, "No directory given for --perf-dir.\n");
115 				usage(perf_usage_string);
116 			}
117 			setenv(PERF_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, (*argv)[1], 1);
118 			if (envchanged)
119 				*envchanged = 1;
120 			(*argv)++;
121 			(*argc)--;
122 			handled++;
123 		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, CMD_PERF_DIR)) {
124 			setenv(PERF_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cmd + strlen(CMD_PERF_DIR), 1);
125 			if (envchanged)
126 				*envchanged = 1;
127 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--work-tree")) {
128 			if (*argc < 2) {
129 				fprintf(stderr, "No directory given for --work-tree.\n");
130 				usage(perf_usage_string);
131 			}
132 			setenv(PERF_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, (*argv)[1], 1);
133 			if (envchanged)
134 				*envchanged = 1;
135 			(*argv)++;
136 			(*argc)--;
137 		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, CMD_WORK_TREE)) {
138 			setenv(PERF_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, cmd + strlen(CMD_WORK_TREE), 1);
139 			if (envchanged)
140 				*envchanged = 1;
141 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--debugfs-dir")) {
142 			if (*argc < 2) {
143 				fprintf(stderr, "No directory given for --debugfs-dir.\n");
144 				usage(perf_usage_string);
145 			}
146 			strncpy(debugfs_mntpt, (*argv)[1], MAXPATHLEN);
147 			debugfs_mntpt[MAXPATHLEN - 1] = '\0';
148 			if (envchanged)
149 				*envchanged = 1;
150 			(*argv)++;
151 			(*argc)--;
152 		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, CMD_DEBUGFS_DIR)) {
153 			strncpy(debugfs_mntpt, cmd + strlen(CMD_DEBUGFS_DIR), MAXPATHLEN);
154 			debugfs_mntpt[MAXPATHLEN - 1] = '\0';
155 			if (envchanged)
156 				*envchanged = 1;
157 		} else {
158 			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown option: %s\n", cmd);
159 			usage(perf_usage_string);
160 		}
161 
162 		(*argv)++;
163 		(*argc)--;
164 		handled++;
165 	}
166 	return handled;
167 }
168 
169 static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
170 {
171 	int envchanged = 0, ret = 0, saved_errno = errno;
172 	int count, option_count;
173 	const char **new_argv;
174 	const char *alias_command;
175 	char *alias_string;
176 
177 	alias_command = (*argv)[0];
178 	alias_string = alias_lookup(alias_command);
179 	if (alias_string) {
180 		if (alias_string[0] == '!') {
181 			if (*argcp > 1) {
182 				struct strbuf buf;
183 
184 				strbuf_init(&buf, PATH_MAX);
185 				strbuf_addstr(&buf, alias_string);
186 				sq_quote_argv(&buf, (*argv) + 1, PATH_MAX);
187 				free(alias_string);
188 				alias_string = buf.buf;
189 			}
190 			ret = system(alias_string + 1);
191 			if (ret >= 0 && WIFEXITED(ret) &&
192 			    WEXITSTATUS(ret) != 127)
193 				exit(WEXITSTATUS(ret));
194 			die("Failed to run '%s' when expanding alias '%s'",
195 			    alias_string + 1, alias_command);
196 		}
197 		count = split_cmdline(alias_string, &new_argv);
198 		if (count < 0)
199 			die("Bad alias.%s string", alias_command);
200 		option_count = handle_options(&new_argv, &count, &envchanged);
201 		if (envchanged)
202 			die("alias '%s' changes environment variables\n"
203 				 "You can use '!perf' in the alias to do this.",
204 				 alias_command);
205 		memmove(new_argv - option_count, new_argv,
206 				count * sizeof(char *));
207 		new_argv -= option_count;
208 
209 		if (count < 1)
210 			die("empty alias for %s", alias_command);
211 
212 		if (!strcmp(alias_command, new_argv[0]))
213 			die("recursive alias: %s", alias_command);
214 
215 		new_argv = realloc(new_argv, sizeof(char *) *
216 				    (count + *argcp + 1));
217 		/* insert after command name */
218 		memcpy(new_argv + count, *argv + 1, sizeof(char *) * *argcp);
219 		new_argv[count + *argcp] = NULL;
220 
221 		*argv = new_argv;
222 		*argcp += count - 1;
223 
224 		ret = 1;
225 	}
226 
227 	errno = saved_errno;
228 
229 	return ret;
230 }
231 
232 const char perf_version_string[] = PERF_VERSION;
233 
234 #define RUN_SETUP	(1<<0)
235 #define USE_PAGER	(1<<1)
236 /*
237  * require working tree to be present -- anything uses this needs
238  * RUN_SETUP for reading from the configuration file.
239  */
240 #define NEED_WORK_TREE	(1<<2)
241 
242 struct cmd_struct {
243 	const char *cmd;
244 	int (*fn)(int, const char **, const char *);
245 	int option;
246 };
247 
248 static int run_builtin(struct cmd_struct *p, int argc, const char **argv)
249 {
250 	int status;
251 	struct stat st;
252 	const char *prefix;
253 
254 	prefix = NULL;
255 	if (p->option & RUN_SETUP)
256 		prefix = NULL; /* setup_perf_directory(); */
257 
258 	if (use_pager == -1 && p->option & RUN_SETUP)
259 		use_pager = check_pager_config(p->cmd);
260 	if (use_pager == -1 && p->option & USE_PAGER)
261 		use_pager = 1;
262 	commit_pager_choice();
263 	set_debugfs_path();
264 
265 	status = p->fn(argc, argv, prefix);
266 	exit_browser(status);
267 
268 	if (status)
269 		return status & 0xff;
270 
271 	/* Somebody closed stdout? */
272 	if (fstat(fileno(stdout), &st))
273 		return 0;
274 	/* Ignore write errors for pipes and sockets.. */
275 	if (S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) || S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode))
276 		return 0;
277 
278 	/* Check for ENOSPC and EIO errors.. */
279 	if (fflush(stdout))
280 		die("write failure on standard output: %s", strerror(errno));
281 	if (ferror(stdout))
282 		die("unknown write failure on standard output");
283 	if (fclose(stdout))
284 		die("close failed on standard output: %s", strerror(errno));
285 	return 0;
286 }
287 
288 static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
289 {
290 	const char *cmd = argv[0];
291 	static struct cmd_struct commands[] = {
292 		{ "buildid-cache", cmd_buildid_cache, 0 },
293 		{ "buildid-list", cmd_buildid_list, 0 },
294 		{ "diff",	cmd_diff,	0 },
295 		{ "help",	cmd_help,	0 },
296 		{ "list",	cmd_list,	0 },
297 		{ "record",	cmd_record,	0 },
298 		{ "report",	cmd_report,	0 },
299 		{ "bench",	cmd_bench,	0 },
300 		{ "stat",	cmd_stat,	0 },
301 		{ "timechart",	cmd_timechart,	0 },
302 		{ "top",	cmd_top,	0 },
303 		{ "annotate",	cmd_annotate,	0 },
304 		{ "version",	cmd_version,	0 },
305 		{ "trace",	cmd_trace,	0 },
306 		{ "sched",	cmd_sched,	0 },
307 		{ "probe",	cmd_probe,	0 },
308 		{ "kmem",	cmd_kmem,	0 },
309 		{ "lock",	cmd_lock,	0 },
310 		{ "kvm",	cmd_kvm,	0 },
311 		{ "test",	cmd_test,	0 },
312 		{ "inject",	cmd_inject,	0 },
313 	};
314 	unsigned int i;
315 	static const char ext[] = STRIP_EXTENSION;
316 
317 	if (sizeof(ext) > 1) {
318 		i = strlen(argv[0]) - strlen(ext);
319 		if (i > 0 && !strcmp(argv[0] + i, ext)) {
320 			char *argv0 = strdup(argv[0]);
321 			argv[0] = cmd = argv0;
322 			argv0[i] = '\0';
323 		}
324 	}
325 
326 	/* Turn "perf cmd --help" into "perf help cmd" */
327 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--help")) {
328 		argv[1] = argv[0];
329 		argv[0] = cmd = "help";
330 	}
331 
332 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(commands); i++) {
333 		struct cmd_struct *p = commands+i;
334 		if (strcmp(p->cmd, cmd))
335 			continue;
336 		exit(run_builtin(p, argc, argv));
337 	}
338 }
339 
340 static void execv_dashed_external(const char **argv)
341 {
342 	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
343 	const char *tmp;
344 	int status;
345 
346 	strbuf_addf(&cmd, "perf-%s", argv[0]);
347 
348 	/*
349 	 * argv[0] must be the perf command, but the argv array
350 	 * belongs to the caller, and may be reused in
351 	 * subsequent loop iterations. Save argv[0] and
352 	 * restore it on error.
353 	 */
354 	tmp = argv[0];
355 	argv[0] = cmd.buf;
356 
357 	/*
358 	 * if we fail because the command is not found, it is
359 	 * OK to return. Otherwise, we just pass along the status code.
360 	 */
361 	status = run_command_v_opt(argv, 0);
362 	if (status != -ERR_RUN_COMMAND_EXEC) {
363 		if (IS_RUN_COMMAND_ERR(status))
364 			die("unable to run '%s'", argv[0]);
365 		exit(-status);
366 	}
367 	errno = ENOENT; /* as if we called execvp */
368 
369 	argv[0] = tmp;
370 
371 	strbuf_release(&cmd);
372 }
373 
374 static int run_argv(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
375 {
376 	int done_alias = 0;
377 
378 	while (1) {
379 		/* See if it's an internal command */
380 		handle_internal_command(*argcp, *argv);
381 
382 		/* .. then try the external ones */
383 		execv_dashed_external(*argv);
384 
385 		/* It could be an alias -- this works around the insanity
386 		 * of overriding "perf log" with "perf show" by having
387 		 * alias.log = show
388 		 */
389 		if (done_alias || !handle_alias(argcp, argv))
390 			break;
391 		done_alias = 1;
392 	}
393 
394 	return done_alias;
395 }
396 
397 /* mini /proc/mounts parser: searching for "^blah /mount/point debugfs" */
398 static void get_debugfs_mntpt(void)
399 {
400 	const char *path = debugfs_mount(NULL);
401 
402 	if (path)
403 		strncpy(debugfs_mntpt, path, sizeof(debugfs_mntpt));
404 	else
405 		debugfs_mntpt[0] = '\0';
406 }
407 
408 int main(int argc, const char **argv)
409 {
410 	const char *cmd;
411 
412 	cmd = perf_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
413 	if (!cmd)
414 		cmd = "perf-help";
415 	/* get debugfs mount point from /proc/mounts */
416 	get_debugfs_mntpt();
417 	/*
418 	 * "perf-xxxx" is the same as "perf xxxx", but we obviously:
419 	 *
420 	 *  - cannot take flags in between the "perf" and the "xxxx".
421 	 *  - cannot execute it externally (since it would just do
422 	 *    the same thing over again)
423 	 *
424 	 * So we just directly call the internal command handler, and
425 	 * die if that one cannot handle it.
426 	 */
427 	if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "perf-")) {
428 		cmd += 5;
429 		argv[0] = cmd;
430 		handle_internal_command(argc, argv);
431 		die("cannot handle %s internally", cmd);
432 	}
433 
434 	/* Look for flags.. */
435 	argv++;
436 	argc--;
437 	handle_options(&argv, &argc, NULL);
438 	commit_pager_choice();
439 	set_debugfs_path();
440 	if (argc > 0) {
441 		if (!prefixcmp(argv[0], "--"))
442 			argv[0] += 2;
443 	} else {
444 		/* The user didn't specify a command; give them help */
445 		printf("\n usage: %s\n\n", perf_usage_string);
446 		list_common_cmds_help();
447 		printf("\n %s\n\n", perf_more_info_string);
448 		exit(1);
449 	}
450 	cmd = argv[0];
451 
452 	/*
453 	 * We use PATH to find perf commands, but we prepend some higher
454 	 * precedence paths: the "--exec-path" option, the PERF_EXEC_PATH
455 	 * environment, and the $(perfexecdir) from the Makefile at build
456 	 * time.
457 	 */
458 	setup_path();
459 
460 	while (1) {
461 		static int done_help;
462 		static int was_alias;
463 
464 		was_alias = run_argv(&argc, &argv);
465 		if (errno != ENOENT)
466 			break;
467 
468 		if (was_alias) {
469 			fprintf(stderr, "Expansion of alias '%s' failed; "
470 				"'%s' is not a perf-command\n",
471 				cmd, argv[0]);
472 			exit(1);
473 		}
474 		if (!done_help) {
475 			cmd = argv[0] = help_unknown_cmd(cmd);
476 			done_help = 1;
477 		} else
478 			break;
479 	}
480 
481 	fprintf(stderr, "Failed to run command '%s': %s\n",
482 		cmd, strerror(errno));
483 
484 	return 1;
485 }
486