xref: /linux/tools/perf/perf.c (revision ac6a0cf6716bb46813d0161024c66c2af66e53d1)
1 /*
2  * perf.c
3  *
4  * Performance analysis utility.
5  *
6  * This is the main hub from which the sub-commands (perf stat,
7  * perf top, perf record, perf report, etc.) are started.
8  */
9 #include "builtin.h"
10 
11 #include "util/exec_cmd.h"
12 #include "util/cache.h"
13 #include "util/quote.h"
14 #include "util/run-command.h"
15 #include "util/parse-events.h"
16 #include "util/string.h"
17 
18 const char perf_usage_string[] =
19 	"perf [--version] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]";
20 
21 const char perf_more_info_string[] =
22 	"See 'perf help COMMAND' for more information on a specific command.";
23 
24 static int use_pager = -1;
25 struct pager_config {
26 	const char *cmd;
27 	int val;
28 };
29 
30 static char debugfs_mntpt[MAXPATHLEN];
31 
32 static int pager_command_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
33 {
34 	struct pager_config *c = data;
35 	if (!prefixcmp(var, "pager.") && !strcmp(var + 6, c->cmd))
36 		c->val = perf_config_bool(var, value);
37 	return 0;
38 }
39 
40 /* returns 0 for "no pager", 1 for "use pager", and -1 for "not specified" */
41 int check_pager_config(const char *cmd)
42 {
43 	struct pager_config c;
44 	c.cmd = cmd;
45 	c.val = -1;
46 	perf_config(pager_command_config, &c);
47 	return c.val;
48 }
49 
50 static void commit_pager_choice(void) {
51 	switch (use_pager) {
52 	case 0:
53 		setenv("PERF_PAGER", "cat", 1);
54 		break;
55 	case 1:
56 		/* setup_pager(); */
57 		break;
58 	default:
59 		break;
60 	}
61 }
62 
63 static void set_debugfs_path(void)
64 {
65 	char *path;
66 
67 	path = getenv(PERF_DEBUGFS_ENVIRONMENT);
68 	snprintf(debugfs_path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", path ?: debugfs_mntpt,
69 		 "tracing/events");
70 }
71 
72 static int handle_options(const char*** argv, int* argc, int* envchanged)
73 {
74 	int handled = 0;
75 
76 	while (*argc > 0) {
77 		const char *cmd = (*argv)[0];
78 		if (cmd[0] != '-')
79 			break;
80 
81 		/*
82 		 * For legacy reasons, the "version" and "help"
83 		 * commands can be written with "--" prepended
84 		 * to make them look like flags.
85 		 */
86 		if (!strcmp(cmd, "--help") || !strcmp(cmd, "--version"))
87 			break;
88 
89 		/*
90 		 * Check remaining flags.
91 		 */
92 		if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--exec-path")) {
93 			cmd += 11;
94 			if (*cmd == '=')
95 				perf_set_argv_exec_path(cmd + 1);
96 			else {
97 				puts(perf_exec_path());
98 				exit(0);
99 			}
100 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--html-path")) {
101 			puts(system_path(PERF_HTML_PATH));
102 			exit(0);
103 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-p") || !strcmp(cmd, "--paginate")) {
104 			use_pager = 1;
105 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--no-pager")) {
106 			use_pager = 0;
107 			if (envchanged)
108 				*envchanged = 1;
109 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--perf-dir")) {
110 			if (*argc < 2) {
111 				fprintf(stderr, "No directory given for --perf-dir.\n" );
112 				usage(perf_usage_string);
113 			}
114 			setenv(PERF_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, (*argv)[1], 1);
115 			if (envchanged)
116 				*envchanged = 1;
117 			(*argv)++;
118 			(*argc)--;
119 			handled++;
120 		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--perf-dir=")) {
121 			setenv(PERF_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cmd + 10, 1);
122 			if (envchanged)
123 				*envchanged = 1;
124 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--work-tree")) {
125 			if (*argc < 2) {
126 				fprintf(stderr, "No directory given for --work-tree.\n" );
127 				usage(perf_usage_string);
128 			}
129 			setenv(PERF_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, (*argv)[1], 1);
130 			if (envchanged)
131 				*envchanged = 1;
132 			(*argv)++;
133 			(*argc)--;
134 		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--work-tree=")) {
135 			setenv(PERF_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, cmd + 12, 1);
136 			if (envchanged)
137 				*envchanged = 1;
138 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--debugfs-dir")) {
139 			if (*argc < 2) {
140 				fprintf(stderr, "No directory given for --debugfs-dir.\n");
141 				usage(perf_usage_string);
142 			}
143 			strncpy(debugfs_mntpt, (*argv)[1], MAXPATHLEN);
144 			debugfs_mntpt[MAXPATHLEN - 1] = '\0';
145 			if (envchanged)
146 				*envchanged = 1;
147 			(*argv)++;
148 			(*argc)--;
149 		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--debugfs-dir=")) {
150 			strncpy(debugfs_mntpt, cmd + 14, MAXPATHLEN);
151 			debugfs_mntpt[MAXPATHLEN - 1] = '\0';
152 			if (envchanged)
153 				*envchanged = 1;
154 		} else {
155 			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown option: %s\n", cmd);
156 			usage(perf_usage_string);
157 		}
158 
159 		(*argv)++;
160 		(*argc)--;
161 		handled++;
162 	}
163 	return handled;
164 }
165 
166 static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
167 {
168 	int envchanged = 0, ret = 0, saved_errno = errno;
169 	int count, option_count;
170 	const char** new_argv;
171 	const char *alias_command;
172 	char *alias_string;
173 
174 	alias_command = (*argv)[0];
175 	alias_string = alias_lookup(alias_command);
176 	if (alias_string) {
177 		if (alias_string[0] == '!') {
178 			if (*argcp > 1) {
179 				struct strbuf buf;
180 
181 				strbuf_init(&buf, PATH_MAX);
182 				strbuf_addstr(&buf, alias_string);
183 				sq_quote_argv(&buf, (*argv) + 1, PATH_MAX);
184 				free(alias_string);
185 				alias_string = buf.buf;
186 			}
187 			ret = system(alias_string + 1);
188 			if (ret >= 0 && WIFEXITED(ret) &&
189 			    WEXITSTATUS(ret) != 127)
190 				exit(WEXITSTATUS(ret));
191 			die("Failed to run '%s' when expanding alias '%s'",
192 			    alias_string + 1, alias_command);
193 		}
194 		count = split_cmdline(alias_string, &new_argv);
195 		if (count < 0)
196 			die("Bad alias.%s string", alias_command);
197 		option_count = handle_options(&new_argv, &count, &envchanged);
198 		if (envchanged)
199 			die("alias '%s' changes environment variables\n"
200 				 "You can use '!perf' in the alias to do this.",
201 				 alias_command);
202 		memmove(new_argv - option_count, new_argv,
203 				count * sizeof(char *));
204 		new_argv -= option_count;
205 
206 		if (count < 1)
207 			die("empty alias for %s", alias_command);
208 
209 		if (!strcmp(alias_command, new_argv[0]))
210 			die("recursive alias: %s", alias_command);
211 
212 		new_argv = realloc(new_argv, sizeof(char*) *
213 				    (count + *argcp + 1));
214 		/* insert after command name */
215 		memcpy(new_argv + count, *argv + 1, sizeof(char*) * *argcp);
216 		new_argv[count+*argcp] = NULL;
217 
218 		*argv = new_argv;
219 		*argcp += count - 1;
220 
221 		ret = 1;
222 	}
223 
224 	errno = saved_errno;
225 
226 	return ret;
227 }
228 
229 const char perf_version_string[] = PERF_VERSION;
230 
231 #define RUN_SETUP	(1<<0)
232 #define USE_PAGER	(1<<1)
233 /*
234  * require working tree to be present -- anything uses this needs
235  * RUN_SETUP for reading from the configuration file.
236  */
237 #define NEED_WORK_TREE	(1<<2)
238 
239 struct cmd_struct {
240 	const char *cmd;
241 	int (*fn)(int, const char **, const char *);
242 	int option;
243 };
244 
245 static int run_builtin(struct cmd_struct *p, int argc, const char **argv)
246 {
247 	int status;
248 	struct stat st;
249 	const char *prefix;
250 
251 	prefix = NULL;
252 	if (p->option & RUN_SETUP)
253 		prefix = NULL; /* setup_perf_directory(); */
254 
255 	if (use_pager == -1 && p->option & RUN_SETUP)
256 		use_pager = check_pager_config(p->cmd);
257 	if (use_pager == -1 && p->option & USE_PAGER)
258 		use_pager = 1;
259 	commit_pager_choice();
260 	set_debugfs_path();
261 
262 	status = p->fn(argc, argv, prefix);
263 	if (status)
264 		return status & 0xff;
265 
266 	/* Somebody closed stdout? */
267 	if (fstat(fileno(stdout), &st))
268 		return 0;
269 	/* Ignore write errors for pipes and sockets.. */
270 	if (S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) || S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode))
271 		return 0;
272 
273 	/* Check for ENOSPC and EIO errors.. */
274 	if (fflush(stdout))
275 		die("write failure on standard output: %s", strerror(errno));
276 	if (ferror(stdout))
277 		die("unknown write failure on standard output");
278 	if (fclose(stdout))
279 		die("close failed on standard output: %s", strerror(errno));
280 	return 0;
281 }
282 
283 static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
284 {
285 	const char *cmd = argv[0];
286 	static struct cmd_struct commands[] = {
287 		{ "help", cmd_help, 0 },
288 		{ "list", cmd_list, 0 },
289 		{ "record", cmd_record, 0 },
290 		{ "report", cmd_report, 0 },
291 		{ "stat", cmd_stat, 0 },
292 		{ "top", cmd_top, 0 },
293 		{ "annotate", cmd_annotate, 0 },
294 		{ "version", cmd_version, 0 },
295 	};
296 	unsigned int i;
297 	static const char ext[] = STRIP_EXTENSION;
298 
299 	if (sizeof(ext) > 1) {
300 		i = strlen(argv[0]) - strlen(ext);
301 		if (i > 0 && !strcmp(argv[0] + i, ext)) {
302 			char *argv0 = strdup(argv[0]);
303 			argv[0] = cmd = argv0;
304 			argv0[i] = '\0';
305 		}
306 	}
307 
308 	/* Turn "perf cmd --help" into "perf help cmd" */
309 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--help")) {
310 		argv[1] = argv[0];
311 		argv[0] = cmd = "help";
312 	}
313 
314 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(commands); i++) {
315 		struct cmd_struct *p = commands+i;
316 		if (strcmp(p->cmd, cmd))
317 			continue;
318 		exit(run_builtin(p, argc, argv));
319 	}
320 }
321 
322 static void execv_dashed_external(const char **argv)
323 {
324 	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
325 	const char *tmp;
326 	int status;
327 
328 	strbuf_addf(&cmd, "perf-%s", argv[0]);
329 
330 	/*
331 	 * argv[0] must be the perf command, but the argv array
332 	 * belongs to the caller, and may be reused in
333 	 * subsequent loop iterations. Save argv[0] and
334 	 * restore it on error.
335 	 */
336 	tmp = argv[0];
337 	argv[0] = cmd.buf;
338 
339 	/*
340 	 * if we fail because the command is not found, it is
341 	 * OK to return. Otherwise, we just pass along the status code.
342 	 */
343 	status = run_command_v_opt(argv, 0);
344 	if (status != -ERR_RUN_COMMAND_EXEC) {
345 		if (IS_RUN_COMMAND_ERR(status))
346 			die("unable to run '%s'", argv[0]);
347 		exit(-status);
348 	}
349 	errno = ENOENT; /* as if we called execvp */
350 
351 	argv[0] = tmp;
352 
353 	strbuf_release(&cmd);
354 }
355 
356 static int run_argv(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
357 {
358 	int done_alias = 0;
359 
360 	while (1) {
361 		/* See if it's an internal command */
362 		handle_internal_command(*argcp, *argv);
363 
364 		/* .. then try the external ones */
365 		execv_dashed_external(*argv);
366 
367 		/* It could be an alias -- this works around the insanity
368 		 * of overriding "perf log" with "perf show" by having
369 		 * alias.log = show
370 		 */
371 		if (done_alias || !handle_alias(argcp, argv))
372 			break;
373 		done_alias = 1;
374 	}
375 
376 	return done_alias;
377 }
378 
379 /* mini /proc/mounts parser: searching for "^blah /mount/point debugfs" */
380 static void get_debugfs_mntpt(void)
381 {
382 	FILE *file;
383 	char fs_type[100];
384 	char debugfs[MAXPATHLEN];
385 
386 	/*
387 	 * try the standard location
388 	 */
389 	if (valid_debugfs_mount("/sys/kernel/debug/") == 0) {
390 		strcpy(debugfs_mntpt, "/sys/kernel/debug/");
391 		return;
392 	}
393 
394 	/*
395 	 * try the sane location
396 	 */
397 	if (valid_debugfs_mount("/debug/") == 0) {
398 		strcpy(debugfs_mntpt, "/debug/");
399 		return;
400 	}
401 
402 	/*
403 	 * give up and parse /proc/mounts
404 	 */
405 	file = fopen("/proc/mounts", "r");
406 	if (file == NULL)
407 		return;
408 
409 	while (fscanf(file, "%*s %"
410 		      STR(MAXPATHLEN)
411 		      "s %99s %*s %*d %*d\n",
412 		      debugfs, fs_type) == 2) {
413 		if (strcmp(fs_type, "debugfs") == 0)
414 			break;
415 	}
416 	fclose(file);
417 	if (strcmp(fs_type, "debugfs") == 0) {
418 		strncpy(debugfs_mntpt, debugfs, MAXPATHLEN);
419 		debugfs_mntpt[MAXPATHLEN - 1] = '\0';
420 	}
421 }
422 
423 int main(int argc, const char **argv)
424 {
425 	const char *cmd;
426 
427 	cmd = perf_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
428 	if (!cmd)
429 		cmd = "perf-help";
430 	/* get debugfs mount point from /proc/mounts */
431 	get_debugfs_mntpt();
432 	/*
433 	 * "perf-xxxx" is the same as "perf xxxx", but we obviously:
434 	 *
435 	 *  - cannot take flags in between the "perf" and the "xxxx".
436 	 *  - cannot execute it externally (since it would just do
437 	 *    the same thing over again)
438 	 *
439 	 * So we just directly call the internal command handler, and
440 	 * die if that one cannot handle it.
441 	 */
442 	if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "perf-")) {
443 		cmd += 5;
444 		argv[0] = cmd;
445 		handle_internal_command(argc, argv);
446 		die("cannot handle %s internally", cmd);
447 	}
448 
449 	/* Look for flags.. */
450 	argv++;
451 	argc--;
452 	handle_options(&argv, &argc, NULL);
453 	commit_pager_choice();
454 	set_debugfs_path();
455 	if (argc > 0) {
456 		if (!prefixcmp(argv[0], "--"))
457 			argv[0] += 2;
458 	} else {
459 		/* The user didn't specify a command; give them help */
460 		printf("\n usage: %s\n\n", perf_usage_string);
461 		list_common_cmds_help();
462 		printf("\n %s\n\n", perf_more_info_string);
463 		exit(1);
464 	}
465 	cmd = argv[0];
466 
467 	/*
468 	 * We use PATH to find perf commands, but we prepend some higher
469 	 * precidence paths: the "--exec-path" option, the PERF_EXEC_PATH
470 	 * environment, and the $(perfexecdir) from the Makefile at build
471 	 * time.
472 	 */
473 	setup_path();
474 
475 	while (1) {
476 		static int done_help = 0;
477 		static int was_alias = 0;
478 
479 		was_alias = run_argv(&argc, &argv);
480 		if (errno != ENOENT)
481 			break;
482 
483 		if (was_alias) {
484 			fprintf(stderr, "Expansion of alias '%s' failed; "
485 				"'%s' is not a perf-command\n",
486 				cmd, argv[0]);
487 			exit(1);
488 		}
489 		if (!done_help) {
490 			cmd = argv[0] = help_unknown_cmd(cmd);
491 			done_help = 1;
492 		} else
493 			break;
494 	}
495 
496 	fprintf(stderr, "Failed to run command '%s': %s\n",
497 		cmd, strerror(errno));
498 
499 	return 1;
500 }
501