xref: /linux/tools/perf/builtin-trace.c (revision 390d5ea26622f794c2d29cefd5a01ef116b4fe1d)
1 /*
2  * builtin-trace.c
3  *
4  * Builtin 'trace' command:
5  *
6  * Display a continuously updated trace of any workload, CPU, specific PID,
7  * system wide, etc.  Default format is loosely strace like, but any other
8  * event may be specified using --event.
9  *
10  * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Red Hat Inc, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
11  *
12  * Initially based on the 'trace' prototype by Thomas Gleixner:
13  *
14  * http://lwn.net/Articles/415728/ ("Announcing a new utility: 'trace'")
15  */
16 
17 #include "util/record.h"
18 #include <api/fs/tracing_path.h>
19 #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
20 #include <bpf/bpf.h>
21 #include <bpf/libbpf.h>
22 #include <bpf/btf.h>
23 #endif
24 #include "util/rlimit.h"
25 #include "builtin.h"
26 #include "util/cgroup.h"
27 #include "util/color.h"
28 #include "util/config.h"
29 #include "util/debug.h"
30 #include "util/dso.h"
31 #include "util/env.h"
32 #include "util/event.h"
33 #include "util/evsel.h"
34 #include "util/evsel_fprintf.h"
35 #include "util/synthetic-events.h"
36 #include "util/evlist.h"
37 #include "util/evswitch.h"
38 #include "util/hashmap.h"
39 #include "util/mmap.h"
40 #include <subcmd/pager.h>
41 #include <subcmd/exec-cmd.h>
42 #include "util/machine.h"
43 #include "util/map.h"
44 #include "util/symbol.h"
45 #include "util/path.h"
46 #include "util/session.h"
47 #include "util/thread.h"
48 #include <subcmd/parse-options.h>
49 #include "util/strlist.h"
50 #include "util/intlist.h"
51 #include "util/thread_map.h"
52 #include "util/stat.h"
53 #include "util/tool.h"
54 #include "util/trace.h"
55 #include "util/util.h"
56 #include "trace/beauty/beauty.h"
57 #include "trace-event.h"
58 #include "util/parse-events.h"
59 #include "util/tracepoint.h"
60 #include "callchain.h"
61 #include "print_binary.h"
62 #include "string2.h"
63 #include "trace/beauty/syscalltbl.h"
64 #include "../perf.h"
65 #include "trace_augment.h"
66 #include "dwarf-regs.h"
67 
68 #include <errno.h>
69 #include <sys/stat.h>
70 #include <inttypes.h>
71 #include <poll.h>
72 #include <signal.h>
73 #include <stdlib.h>
74 #include <string.h>
75 #include <linux/err.h>
76 #include <linux/filter.h>
77 #include <linux/kernel.h>
78 #include <linux/list_sort.h>
79 #include <linux/random.h>
80 #include <linux/stringify.h>
81 #include <linux/time64.h>
82 #include <linux/zalloc.h>
83 #include <fcntl.h>
84 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
85 
86 #include <linux/ctype.h>
87 #include <perf/mmap.h>
88 #include <tools/libc_compat.h>
89 
90 #ifdef HAVE_LIBTRACEEVENT
91 #include <event-parse.h>
92 #endif
93 
94 #ifndef O_CLOEXEC
95 # define O_CLOEXEC		02000000
96 #endif
97 
98 #ifndef F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE
99 # define F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE	1024
100 #endif
101 
102 #define RAW_SYSCALL_ARGS_NUM	6
103 
104 /*
105  * strtoul: Go from a string to a value, i.e. for msr: MSR_FS_BASE to 0xc0000100
106  *
107  * We have to explicitely mark the direction of the flow of data, if from the
108  * kernel to user space or the other way around, since the BPF collector we
109  * have so far copies only from user to kernel space, mark the arguments that
110  * go that direction, so that we don´t end up collecting the previous contents
111  * for syscall args that goes from kernel to user space.
112  */
113 struct syscall_arg_fmt {
114 	size_t	   (*scnprintf)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg);
115 	bool	   (*strtoul)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *val);
116 	unsigned long (*mask_val)(struct syscall_arg *arg, unsigned long val);
117 	void	   *parm;
118 	const char *name;
119 	u16	   nr_entries; // for arrays
120 	bool	   from_user;
121 	bool	   show_zero;
122 #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
123 	const struct btf_type *type;
124 	int	   type_id; /* used in btf_dump */
125 #endif
126 };
127 
128 struct syscall_fmt {
129 	const char *name;
130 	const char *alias;
131 	struct {
132 		const char *sys_enter,
133 			   *sys_exit;
134 	}	   bpf_prog_name;
135 	struct syscall_arg_fmt arg[RAW_SYSCALL_ARGS_NUM];
136 	u8	   nr_args;
137 	bool	   errpid;
138 	bool	   timeout;
139 	bool	   hexret;
140 };
141 
142 struct trace {
143 	struct perf_env		host_env;
144 	struct perf_tool	tool;
145 	struct {
146 		/** Sorted sycall numbers used by the trace. */
147 		struct syscall  **table;
148 		/** Size of table. */
149 		size_t		table_size;
150 		struct {
151 			struct evsel *sys_enter,
152 				*sys_exit,
153 				*bpf_output;
154 		}		events;
155 	} syscalls;
156 #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
157 	struct btf		*btf;
158 #endif
159 	struct record_opts	opts;
160 	struct evlist	*evlist;
161 	struct machine		*host;
162 	struct thread		*current;
163 	struct cgroup		*cgroup;
164 	u64			base_time;
165 	FILE			*output;
166 	unsigned long		nr_events;
167 	unsigned long		nr_events_printed;
168 	unsigned long		max_events;
169 	struct evswitch		evswitch;
170 	struct strlist		*ev_qualifier;
171 	struct {
172 		size_t		nr;
173 		int		*entries;
174 	}			ev_qualifier_ids;
175 	struct {
176 		size_t		nr;
177 		pid_t		*entries;
178 		struct bpf_map  *map;
179 	}			filter_pids;
180 	/*
181 	 * TODO: The map is from an ID (aka system call number) to struct
182 	 * syscall_stats. If there is >1 e_machine, such as i386 and x86-64
183 	 * processes, then the stats here will gather wrong the statistics for
184 	 * the non EM_HOST system calls. A fix would be to add the e_machine
185 	 * into the key, but this would make the code inconsistent with the
186 	 * per-thread version.
187 	 */
188 	struct hashmap		*syscall_stats;
189 	double			duration_filter;
190 	double			runtime_ms;
191 	unsigned long		pfmaj, pfmin;
192 	struct {
193 		u64		vfs_getname,
194 				proc_getname;
195 	} stats;
196 	unsigned int		max_stack;
197 	unsigned int		min_stack;
198 	enum trace_summary_mode	summary_mode;
199 	int			max_summary;
200 	int			raw_augmented_syscalls_args_size;
201 	bool			raw_augmented_syscalls;
202 	bool			fd_path_disabled;
203 	bool			sort_events;
204 	bool			not_ev_qualifier;
205 	bool			live;
206 	bool			full_time;
207 	bool			sched;
208 	bool			multiple_threads;
209 	bool			summary;
210 	bool			summary_only;
211 	bool			errno_summary;
212 	bool			failure_only;
213 	bool			show_comm;
214 	bool			print_sample;
215 	bool			show_tool_stats;
216 	bool			trace_syscalls;
217 	bool			libtraceevent_print;
218 	bool			kernel_syscallchains;
219 	s16			args_alignment;
220 	bool			show_tstamp;
221 	bool			show_cpu;
222 	bool			show_duration;
223 	bool			show_zeros;
224 	bool			show_arg_names;
225 	bool			show_string_prefix;
226 	bool			force;
227 	bool			vfs_getname;
228 	bool			force_btf;
229 	bool			summary_bpf;
230 	int			trace_pgfaults;
231 	char			*perfconfig_events;
232 	struct {
233 		struct ordered_events	data;
234 		u64			last;
235 	} oe;
236 	const char		*uid_str;
237 };
238 
239 bool trace__show_zeros(const struct trace *trace)
240 {
241 	return trace->show_zeros;
242 }
243 
244 struct machine *trace__host(const struct trace *trace)
245 {
246 	return trace->host;
247 }
248 
249 static void trace__load_vmlinux_btf(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused)
250 {
251 #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
252 	if (trace->btf != NULL)
253 		return;
254 
255 	trace->btf = btf__load_vmlinux_btf();
256 	if (verbose > 0) {
257 		fprintf(trace->output, trace->btf ? "vmlinux BTF loaded\n" :
258 						    "Failed to load vmlinux BTF\n");
259 	}
260 #endif
261 }
262 
263 struct tp_field {
264 	int offset;
265 	union {
266 		u64 (*integer)(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample);
267 		void *(*pointer)(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample);
268 	};
269 };
270 
271 #define TP_UINT_FIELD(bits) \
272 static u64 tp_field__u##bits(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample) \
273 { \
274 	u##bits value; \
275 	memcpy(&value, sample->raw_data + field->offset, sizeof(value)); \
276 	return value;  \
277 }
278 
279 TP_UINT_FIELD(8);
280 TP_UINT_FIELD(16);
281 TP_UINT_FIELD(32);
282 TP_UINT_FIELD(64);
283 
284 #define TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(bits) \
285 static u64 tp_field__swapped_u##bits(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample) \
286 { \
287 	u##bits value; \
288 	memcpy(&value, sample->raw_data + field->offset, sizeof(value)); \
289 	return bswap_##bits(value);\
290 }
291 
292 TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(16);
293 TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(32);
294 TP_UINT_FIELD__SWAPPED(64);
295 
296 static int __tp_field__init_uint(struct tp_field *field, int size, int offset, bool needs_swap)
297 {
298 	field->offset = offset;
299 
300 	switch (size) {
301 	case 1:
302 		field->integer = tp_field__u8;
303 		break;
304 	case 2:
305 		field->integer = needs_swap ? tp_field__swapped_u16 : tp_field__u16;
306 		break;
307 	case 4:
308 		field->integer = needs_swap ? tp_field__swapped_u32 : tp_field__u32;
309 		break;
310 	case 8:
311 		field->integer = needs_swap ? tp_field__swapped_u64 : tp_field__u64;
312 		break;
313 	default:
314 		return -1;
315 	}
316 
317 	return 0;
318 }
319 
320 static int tp_field__init_uint(struct tp_field *field, struct tep_format_field *format_field, bool needs_swap)
321 {
322 	return __tp_field__init_uint(field, format_field->size, format_field->offset, needs_swap);
323 }
324 
325 static void *tp_field__ptr(struct tp_field *field, struct perf_sample *sample)
326 {
327 	return sample->raw_data + field->offset;
328 }
329 
330 static int __tp_field__init_ptr(struct tp_field *field, int offset)
331 {
332 	field->offset = offset;
333 	field->pointer = tp_field__ptr;
334 	return 0;
335 }
336 
337 static int tp_field__init_ptr(struct tp_field *field, struct tep_format_field *format_field)
338 {
339 	return __tp_field__init_ptr(field, format_field->offset);
340 }
341 
342 struct syscall_tp {
343 	struct tp_field id;
344 	union {
345 		struct tp_field args, ret;
346 	};
347 };
348 
349 /*
350  * The evsel->priv as used by 'perf trace'
351  * sc:	for raw_syscalls:sys_{enter,exit} and syscalls:sys_{enter,exit}_SYSCALLNAME
352  * fmt: for all the other tracepoints
353  */
354 struct evsel_trace {
355 	struct syscall_tp	sc;
356 	struct syscall_arg_fmt  *fmt;
357 };
358 
359 static struct evsel_trace *evsel_trace__new(void)
360 {
361 	return zalloc(sizeof(struct evsel_trace));
362 }
363 
364 static void evsel_trace__delete(struct evsel_trace *et)
365 {
366 	if (et == NULL)
367 		return;
368 
369 	zfree(&et->fmt);
370 	free(et);
371 }
372 
373 /*
374  * Used with raw_syscalls:sys_{enter,exit} and with the
375  * syscalls:sys_{enter,exit}_SYSCALL tracepoints
376  */
377 static inline struct syscall_tp *__evsel__syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel)
378 {
379 	struct evsel_trace *et = evsel->priv;
380 
381 	return &et->sc;
382 }
383 
384 static struct syscall_tp *evsel__syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel)
385 {
386 	if (evsel->priv == NULL) {
387 		evsel->priv = evsel_trace__new();
388 		if (evsel->priv == NULL)
389 			return NULL;
390 	}
391 
392 	return __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
393 }
394 
395 /*
396  * Used with all the other tracepoints.
397  */
398 static inline struct syscall_arg_fmt *__evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(struct evsel *evsel)
399 {
400 	struct evsel_trace *et = evsel->priv;
401 
402 	return et->fmt;
403 }
404 
405 static struct syscall_arg_fmt *evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(struct evsel *evsel)
406 {
407 	struct evsel_trace *et = evsel->priv;
408 
409 	if (evsel->priv == NULL) {
410 		et = evsel->priv = evsel_trace__new();
411 
412 		if (et == NULL)
413 			return NULL;
414 	}
415 
416 	if (et->fmt == NULL) {
417 		const struct tep_event *tp_format = evsel__tp_format(evsel);
418 
419 		if (tp_format == NULL)
420 			goto out_delete;
421 
422 		et->fmt = calloc(tp_format->format.nr_fields, sizeof(struct syscall_arg_fmt));
423 		if (et->fmt == NULL)
424 			goto out_delete;
425 	}
426 
427 	return __evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);
428 
429 out_delete:
430 	evsel_trace__delete(evsel->priv);
431 	evsel->priv = NULL;
432 	return NULL;
433 }
434 
435 static int evsel__init_tp_uint_field(struct evsel *evsel, struct tp_field *field, const char *name)
436 {
437 	struct tep_format_field *format_field = evsel__field(evsel, name);
438 
439 	if (format_field == NULL)
440 		return -1;
441 
442 	return tp_field__init_uint(field, format_field, evsel->needs_swap);
443 }
444 
445 #define perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(evsel, name) \
446 	({ struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);\
447 	   evsel__init_tp_uint_field(evsel, &sc->name, #name); })
448 
449 static int evsel__init_tp_ptr_field(struct evsel *evsel, struct tp_field *field, const char *name)
450 {
451 	struct tep_format_field *format_field = evsel__field(evsel, name);
452 
453 	if (format_field == NULL)
454 		return -1;
455 
456 	return tp_field__init_ptr(field, format_field);
457 }
458 
459 #define perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_ptr_field(evsel, name) \
460 	({ struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);\
461 	   evsel__init_tp_ptr_field(evsel, &sc->name, #name); })
462 
463 static void evsel__delete_priv(struct evsel *evsel)
464 {
465 	zfree(&evsel->priv);
466 	evsel__delete(evsel);
467 }
468 
469 static int evsel__init_syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel)
470 {
471 	struct syscall_tp *sc = evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
472 
473 	if (sc != NULL) {
474 		if (evsel__init_tp_uint_field(evsel, &sc->id, "__syscall_nr") &&
475 		    evsel__init_tp_uint_field(evsel, &sc->id, "nr"))
476 			return -ENOENT;
477 
478 		return 0;
479 	}
480 
481 	return -ENOMEM;
482 }
483 
484 static int evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel, struct evsel *tp)
485 {
486 	struct syscall_tp *sc = evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
487 
488 	if (sc != NULL) {
489 		struct tep_format_field *syscall_id = evsel__field(tp, "id");
490 		if (syscall_id == NULL)
491 			syscall_id = evsel__field(tp, "__syscall_nr");
492 		if (syscall_id == NULL ||
493 		    __tp_field__init_uint(&sc->id, syscall_id->size, syscall_id->offset, evsel->needs_swap))
494 			return -EINVAL;
495 
496 		return 0;
497 	}
498 
499 	return -ENOMEM;
500 }
501 
502 static int evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_args(struct evsel *evsel)
503 {
504 	struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
505 
506 	return __tp_field__init_ptr(&sc->args, sc->id.offset + sizeof(u64));
507 }
508 
509 static int evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_ret(struct evsel *evsel)
510 {
511 	struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
512 
513 	return __tp_field__init_uint(&sc->ret, sizeof(u64), sc->id.offset + sizeof(u64), evsel->needs_swap);
514 }
515 
516 static int evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(struct evsel *evsel, void *handler)
517 {
518 	if (evsel__syscall_tp(evsel) != NULL) {
519 		if (perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(evsel, id))
520 			return -ENOENT;
521 
522 		evsel->handler = handler;
523 		return 0;
524 	}
525 
526 	return -ENOMEM;
527 }
528 
529 static struct evsel *perf_evsel__raw_syscall_newtp(const char *direction, void *handler)
530 {
531 	struct evsel *evsel = evsel__newtp("raw_syscalls", direction);
532 
533 	/* older kernel (e.g., RHEL6) use syscalls:{enter,exit} */
534 	if (IS_ERR(evsel))
535 		evsel = evsel__newtp("syscalls", direction);
536 
537 	if (IS_ERR(evsel))
538 		return NULL;
539 
540 	if (evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(evsel, handler))
541 		goto out_delete;
542 
543 	return evsel;
544 
545 out_delete:
546 	evsel__delete_priv(evsel);
547 	return NULL;
548 }
549 
550 #define perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(name, sample) \
551 	({ struct syscall_tp *fields = __evsel__syscall_tp(sample->evsel); \
552 	   fields->name.integer(&fields->name, sample); })
553 
554 #define perf_evsel__sc_tp_ptr(name, sample) \
555 	({ struct syscall_tp *fields = __evsel__syscall_tp(sample->evsel); \
556 	   fields->name.pointer(&fields->name, sample); })
557 
558 size_t strarray__scnprintf_suffix(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, const char *intfmt, bool show_suffix, int val)
559 {
560 	int idx = val - sa->offset;
561 
562 	if (idx < 0 || idx >= sa->nr_entries || sa->entries[idx] == NULL) {
563 		size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, intfmt, val);
564 		if (show_suffix)
565 			printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, " /* %s??? */", sa->prefix);
566 		return printed;
567 	}
568 
569 	return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s%s", sa->entries[idx], show_suffix ? sa->prefix : "");
570 }
571 
572 size_t strarray__scnprintf(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, const char *intfmt, bool show_prefix, int val)
573 {
574 	int idx = val - sa->offset;
575 
576 	if (idx < 0 || idx >= sa->nr_entries || sa->entries[idx] == NULL) {
577 		size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, intfmt, val);
578 		if (show_prefix)
579 			printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, " /* %s??? */", sa->prefix);
580 		return printed;
581 	}
582 
583 	return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s%s", show_prefix ? sa->prefix : "", sa->entries[idx]);
584 }
585 
586 static size_t __syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray(char *bf, size_t size,
587 						const char *intfmt,
588 					        struct syscall_arg *arg)
589 {
590 	return strarray__scnprintf(arg->parm, bf, size, intfmt, arg->show_string_prefix, arg->val);
591 }
592 
593 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray(char *bf, size_t size,
594 					      struct syscall_arg *arg)
595 {
596 	return __syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray(bf, size, "%d", arg);
597 }
598 
599 #define SCA_STRARRAY syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray
600 
601 bool syscall_arg__strtoul_strarray(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *ret)
602 {
603 	return strarray__strtoul(arg->parm, bf, size, ret);
604 }
605 
606 bool syscall_arg__strtoul_strarray_flags(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *ret)
607 {
608 	return strarray__strtoul_flags(arg->parm, bf, size, ret);
609 }
610 
611 bool syscall_arg__strtoul_strarrays(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *ret)
612 {
613 	return strarrays__strtoul(arg->parm, bf, size, ret);
614 }
615 
616 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarray_flags(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
617 {
618 	return strarray__scnprintf_flags(arg->parm, bf, size, arg->show_string_prefix, arg->val);
619 }
620 
621 size_t strarrays__scnprintf(struct strarrays *sas, char *bf, size_t size, const char *intfmt, bool show_prefix, int val)
622 {
623 	size_t printed;
624 	int i;
625 
626 	for (i = 0; i < sas->nr_entries; ++i) {
627 		struct strarray *sa = sas->entries[i];
628 		int idx = val - sa->offset;
629 
630 		if (idx >= 0 && idx < sa->nr_entries) {
631 			if (sa->entries[idx] == NULL)
632 				break;
633 			return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s%s", show_prefix ? sa->prefix : "", sa->entries[idx]);
634 		}
635 	}
636 
637 	printed = scnprintf(bf, size, intfmt, val);
638 	if (show_prefix)
639 		printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, " /* %s??? */", sas->entries[0]->prefix);
640 	return printed;
641 }
642 
643 bool strarray__strtoul(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, u64 *ret)
644 {
645 	int i;
646 
647 	for (i = 0; i < sa->nr_entries; ++i) {
648 		if (sa->entries[i] && strncmp(sa->entries[i], bf, size) == 0 && sa->entries[i][size] == '\0') {
649 			*ret = sa->offset + i;
650 			return true;
651 		}
652 	}
653 
654 	return false;
655 }
656 
657 bool strarray__strtoul_flags(struct strarray *sa, char *bf, size_t size, u64 *ret)
658 {
659 	u64 val = 0;
660 	char *tok = bf, *sep, *end;
661 
662 	*ret = 0;
663 
664 	while (size != 0) {
665 		int toklen = size;
666 
667 		sep = memchr(tok, '|', size);
668 		if (sep != NULL) {
669 			size -= sep - tok + 1;
670 
671 			end = sep - 1;
672 			while (end > tok && isspace(*end))
673 				--end;
674 
675 			toklen = end - tok + 1;
676 		}
677 
678 		while (isspace(*tok))
679 			++tok;
680 
681 		if (isalpha(*tok) || *tok == '_') {
682 			if (!strarray__strtoul(sa, tok, toklen, &val))
683 				return false;
684 		} else
685 			val = strtoul(tok, NULL, 0);
686 
687 		*ret |= (1 << (val - 1));
688 
689 		if (sep == NULL)
690 			break;
691 		tok = sep + 1;
692 	}
693 
694 	return true;
695 }
696 
697 bool strarrays__strtoul(struct strarrays *sas, char *bf, size_t size, u64 *ret)
698 {
699 	int i;
700 
701 	for (i = 0; i < sas->nr_entries; ++i) {
702 		struct strarray *sa = sas->entries[i];
703 
704 		if (strarray__strtoul(sa, bf, size, ret))
705 			return true;
706 	}
707 
708 	return false;
709 }
710 
711 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_strarrays(char *bf, size_t size,
712 					struct syscall_arg *arg)
713 {
714 	return strarrays__scnprintf(arg->parm, bf, size, "%d", arg->show_string_prefix, arg->val);
715 }
716 
717 #ifndef AT_FDCWD
718 #define AT_FDCWD	-100
719 #endif
720 
721 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd_at(char *bf, size_t size,
722 					   struct syscall_arg *arg)
723 {
724 	int fd = arg->val;
725 	const char *prefix = "AT_FD";
726 
727 	if (fd == AT_FDCWD)
728 		return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s%s", arg->show_string_prefix ? prefix : "", "CWD");
729 
730 	return syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd(bf, size, arg);
731 }
732 
733 #define SCA_FDAT syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd_at
734 
735 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd(char *bf, size_t size,
736 					      struct syscall_arg *arg);
737 
738 #define SCA_CLOSE_FD syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd
739 
740 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_hex(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
741 {
742 	return scnprintf(bf, size, "%#lx", arg->val);
743 }
744 
745 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_ptr(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
746 {
747 	if (arg->val == 0)
748 		return scnprintf(bf, size, "NULL");
749 	return syscall_arg__scnprintf_hex(bf, size, arg);
750 }
751 
752 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_int(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
753 {
754 	return scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", arg->val);
755 }
756 
757 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_long(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
758 {
759 	return scnprintf(bf, size, "%ld", arg->val);
760 }
761 
762 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_char_array(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
763 {
764 	// XXX Hey, maybe for sched:sched_switch prev/next comm fields we can
765 	//     fill missing comms using thread__set_comm()...
766 	//     here or in a special syscall_arg__scnprintf_pid_sched_tp...
767 	return scnprintf(bf, size, "\"%-.*s\"", arg->fmt->nr_entries ?: arg->len, arg->val);
768 }
769 
770 #define SCA_CHAR_ARRAY syscall_arg__scnprintf_char_array
771 
772 static const char *bpf_cmd[] = {
773 	"MAP_CREATE", "MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM", "MAP_UPDATE_ELEM", "MAP_DELETE_ELEM",
774 	"MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY", "PROG_LOAD", "OBJ_PIN", "OBJ_GET", "PROG_ATTACH",
775 	"PROG_DETACH", "PROG_TEST_RUN", "PROG_GET_NEXT_ID", "MAP_GET_NEXT_ID",
776 	"PROG_GET_FD_BY_ID", "MAP_GET_FD_BY_ID", "OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD",
777 	"PROG_QUERY", "RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN", "BTF_LOAD", "BTF_GET_FD_BY_ID",
778 	"TASK_FD_QUERY", "MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_ELEM", "MAP_FREEZE",
779 	"BTF_GET_NEXT_ID", "MAP_LOOKUP_BATCH", "MAP_LOOKUP_AND_DELETE_BATCH",
780 	"MAP_UPDATE_BATCH", "MAP_DELETE_BATCH", "LINK_CREATE", "LINK_UPDATE",
781 	"LINK_GET_FD_BY_ID", "LINK_GET_NEXT_ID", "ENABLE_STATS", "ITER_CREATE",
782 	"LINK_DETACH", "PROG_BIND_MAP",
783 };
784 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(bpf_cmd, "BPF_");
785 
786 static const char *epoll_ctl_ops[] = { "ADD", "DEL", "MOD", };
787 static DEFINE_STRARRAY_OFFSET(epoll_ctl_ops, "EPOLL_CTL_", 1);
788 
789 static const char *itimers[] = { "REAL", "VIRTUAL", "PROF", };
790 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(itimers, "ITIMER_");
791 
792 static const char *keyctl_options[] = {
793 	"GET_KEYRING_ID", "JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING", "UPDATE", "REVOKE", "CHOWN",
794 	"SETPERM", "DESCRIBE", "CLEAR", "LINK", "UNLINK", "SEARCH", "READ",
795 	"INSTANTIATE", "NEGATE", "SET_REQKEY_KEYRING", "SET_TIMEOUT",
796 	"ASSUME_AUTHORITY", "GET_SECURITY", "SESSION_TO_PARENT", "REJECT",
797 	"INSTANTIATE_IOV", "INVALIDATE", "GET_PERSISTENT",
798 };
799 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(keyctl_options, "KEYCTL_");
800 
801 static const char *whences[] = { "SET", "CUR", "END",
802 #ifdef SEEK_DATA
803 "DATA",
804 #endif
805 #ifdef SEEK_HOLE
806 "HOLE",
807 #endif
808 };
809 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(whences, "SEEK_");
810 
811 static const char *fcntl_cmds[] = {
812 	"DUPFD", "GETFD", "SETFD", "GETFL", "SETFL", "GETLK", "SETLK",
813 	"SETLKW", "SETOWN", "GETOWN", "SETSIG", "GETSIG", "GETLK64",
814 	"SETLK64", "SETLKW64", "SETOWN_EX", "GETOWN_EX",
815 	"GETOWNER_UIDS",
816 };
817 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(fcntl_cmds, "F_");
818 
819 static const char *fcntl_linux_specific_cmds[] = {
820 	"SETLEASE", "GETLEASE", "NOTIFY", "DUPFD_QUERY", [5] = "CANCELLK", "DUPFD_CLOEXEC",
821 	"SETPIPE_SZ", "GETPIPE_SZ", "ADD_SEALS", "GET_SEALS",
822 	"GET_RW_HINT", "SET_RW_HINT", "GET_FILE_RW_HINT", "SET_FILE_RW_HINT",
823 };
824 
825 static DEFINE_STRARRAY_OFFSET(fcntl_linux_specific_cmds, "F_", F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE);
826 
827 static struct strarray *fcntl_cmds_arrays[] = {
828 	&strarray__fcntl_cmds,
829 	&strarray__fcntl_linux_specific_cmds,
830 };
831 
832 static DEFINE_STRARRAYS(fcntl_cmds_arrays);
833 
834 static const char *rlimit_resources[] = {
835 	"CPU", "FSIZE", "DATA", "STACK", "CORE", "RSS", "NPROC", "NOFILE",
836 	"MEMLOCK", "AS", "LOCKS", "SIGPENDING", "MSGQUEUE", "NICE", "RTPRIO",
837 	"RTTIME",
838 };
839 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(rlimit_resources, "RLIMIT_");
840 
841 static const char *sighow[] = { "BLOCK", "UNBLOCK", "SETMASK", };
842 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(sighow, "SIG_");
843 
844 static const char *clockid[] = {
845 	"REALTIME", "MONOTONIC", "PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID", "THREAD_CPUTIME_ID",
846 	"MONOTONIC_RAW", "REALTIME_COARSE", "MONOTONIC_COARSE", "BOOTTIME",
847 	"REALTIME_ALARM", "BOOTTIME_ALARM", "SGI_CYCLE", "TAI"
848 };
849 static DEFINE_STRARRAY(clockid, "CLOCK_");
850 
851 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_access_mode(char *bf, size_t size,
852 						 struct syscall_arg *arg)
853 {
854 	bool show_prefix = arg->show_string_prefix;
855 	const char *suffix = "_OK";
856 	size_t printed = 0;
857 	int mode = arg->val;
858 
859 	if (mode == F_OK) /* 0 */
860 		return scnprintf(bf, size, "F%s", show_prefix ? suffix : "");
861 #define	P_MODE(n) \
862 	if (mode & n##_OK) { \
863 		printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%s", #n, show_prefix ? suffix : ""); \
864 		mode &= ~n##_OK; \
865 	}
866 
867 	P_MODE(R);
868 	P_MODE(W);
869 	P_MODE(X);
870 #undef P_MODE
871 
872 	if (mode)
873 		printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "|%#x", mode);
874 
875 	return printed;
876 }
877 
878 #define SCA_ACCMODE syscall_arg__scnprintf_access_mode
879 
880 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_filename(char *bf, size_t size,
881 					      struct syscall_arg *arg);
882 
883 #define SCA_FILENAME syscall_arg__scnprintf_filename
884 
885 // 'argname' is just documentational at this point, to remove the previous comment with that info
886 #define SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(argname) \
887 	  { .scnprintf	= SCA_FILENAME, \
888 	    .from_user	= true, }
889 
890 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_buf(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg);
891 
892 #define SCA_BUF syscall_arg__scnprintf_buf
893 
894 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_pipe_flags(char *bf, size_t size,
895 						struct syscall_arg *arg)
896 {
897 	bool show_prefix = arg->show_string_prefix;
898 	const char *prefix = "O_";
899 	int printed = 0, flags = arg->val;
900 
901 #define	P_FLAG(n) \
902 	if (flags & O_##n) { \
903 		printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%s%s", printed ? "|" : "", show_prefix ? prefix : "", #n); \
904 		flags &= ~O_##n; \
905 	}
906 
907 	P_FLAG(CLOEXEC);
908 	P_FLAG(NONBLOCK);
909 #undef P_FLAG
910 
911 	if (flags)
912 		printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%#x", printed ? "|" : "", flags);
913 
914 	return printed;
915 }
916 
917 #define SCA_PIPE_FLAGS syscall_arg__scnprintf_pipe_flags
918 
919 #ifndef GRND_NONBLOCK
920 #define GRND_NONBLOCK	0x0001
921 #endif
922 #ifndef GRND_RANDOM
923 #define GRND_RANDOM	0x0002
924 #endif
925 
926 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_getrandom_flags(char *bf, size_t size,
927 						   struct syscall_arg *arg)
928 {
929 	bool show_prefix = arg->show_string_prefix;
930 	const char *prefix = "GRND_";
931 	int printed = 0, flags = arg->val;
932 
933 #define	P_FLAG(n) \
934 	if (flags & GRND_##n) { \
935 		printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%s%s", printed ? "|" : "", show_prefix ? prefix : "", #n); \
936 		flags &= ~GRND_##n; \
937 	}
938 
939 	P_FLAG(RANDOM);
940 	P_FLAG(NONBLOCK);
941 #undef P_FLAG
942 
943 	if (flags)
944 		printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%#x", printed ? "|" : "", flags);
945 
946 	return printed;
947 }
948 
949 #define SCA_GETRANDOM_FLAGS syscall_arg__scnprintf_getrandom_flags
950 
951 #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
952 static void syscall_arg_fmt__cache_btf_enum(struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg_fmt, struct btf *btf, char *type)
953 {
954 	int id;
955 
956 	type = strstr(type, "enum ");
957 	if (type == NULL)
958 		return;
959 
960 	type += 5; // skip "enum " to get the enumeration name
961 
962 	id = btf__find_by_name(btf, type);
963 	if (id < 0)
964 		return;
965 
966 	arg_fmt->type = btf__type_by_id(btf, id);
967 }
968 
969 static bool syscall_arg__strtoul_btf_enum(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *val)
970 {
971 	const struct btf_type *bt = arg->fmt->type;
972 	struct btf *btf = arg->trace->btf;
973 	struct btf_enum *be = btf_enum(bt);
974 
975 	for (int i = 0; i < btf_vlen(bt); ++i, ++be) {
976 		const char *name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, be->name_off);
977 		int max_len = max(size, strlen(name));
978 
979 		if (strncmp(name, bf, max_len) == 0) {
980 			*val = be->val;
981 			return true;
982 		}
983 	}
984 
985 	return false;
986 }
987 
988 static bool syscall_arg__strtoul_btf_type(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg, u64 *val)
989 {
990 	const struct btf_type *bt;
991 	char *type = arg->type_name;
992 	struct btf *btf;
993 
994 	trace__load_vmlinux_btf(arg->trace);
995 
996 	btf = arg->trace->btf;
997 	if (btf == NULL)
998 		return false;
999 
1000 	if (arg->fmt->type == NULL) {
1001 		// See if this is an enum
1002 		syscall_arg_fmt__cache_btf_enum(arg->fmt, btf, type);
1003 	}
1004 
1005 	// Now let's see if we have a BTF type resolved
1006 	bt = arg->fmt->type;
1007 	if (bt == NULL)
1008 		return false;
1009 
1010 	// If it is an enum:
1011 	if (btf_is_enum(arg->fmt->type))
1012 		return syscall_arg__strtoul_btf_enum(bf, size, arg, val);
1013 
1014 	return false;
1015 }
1016 
1017 static size_t btf_enum_scnprintf(const struct btf_type *type, struct btf *btf, char *bf, size_t size, int val)
1018 {
1019 	struct btf_enum *be = btf_enum(type);
1020 	const int nr_entries = btf_vlen(type);
1021 
1022 	for (int i = 0; i < nr_entries; ++i, ++be) {
1023 		if (be->val == val) {
1024 			return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s",
1025 					 btf__name_by_offset(btf, be->name_off));
1026 		}
1027 	}
1028 
1029 	return 0;
1030 }
1031 
1032 struct trace_btf_dump_snprintf_ctx {
1033 	char   *bf;
1034 	size_t printed, size;
1035 };
1036 
1037 static void trace__btf_dump_snprintf(void *vctx, const char *fmt, va_list args)
1038 {
1039 	struct trace_btf_dump_snprintf_ctx *ctx = vctx;
1040 
1041 	ctx->printed += vscnprintf(ctx->bf + ctx->printed, ctx->size - ctx->printed, fmt, args);
1042 }
1043 
1044 static size_t btf_struct_scnprintf(const struct btf_type *type, struct btf *btf, char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
1045 {
1046 	struct trace_btf_dump_snprintf_ctx ctx = {
1047 		.bf   = bf,
1048 		.size = size,
1049 	};
1050 	struct augmented_arg *augmented_arg = arg->augmented.args;
1051 	int type_id = arg->fmt->type_id, consumed;
1052 	struct btf_dump *btf_dump;
1053 
1054 	LIBBPF_OPTS(btf_dump_opts, dump_opts);
1055 	LIBBPF_OPTS(btf_dump_type_data_opts, dump_data_opts);
1056 
1057 	if (arg == NULL || arg->augmented.args == NULL)
1058 		return 0;
1059 
1060 	dump_data_opts.compact	  = true;
1061 	dump_data_opts.skip_names = !arg->trace->show_arg_names;
1062 
1063 	btf_dump = btf_dump__new(btf, trace__btf_dump_snprintf, &ctx, &dump_opts);
1064 	if (btf_dump == NULL)
1065 		return 0;
1066 
1067 	/* pretty print the struct data here */
1068 	if (btf_dump__dump_type_data(btf_dump, type_id, arg->augmented.args->value, type->size, &dump_data_opts) == 0)
1069 		return 0;
1070 
1071 	consumed = sizeof(*augmented_arg) + augmented_arg->size;
1072 	arg->augmented.args = ((void *)arg->augmented.args) + consumed;
1073 	arg->augmented.size -= consumed;
1074 
1075 	btf_dump__free(btf_dump);
1076 
1077 	return ctx.printed;
1078 }
1079 
1080 static size_t trace__btf_scnprintf(struct trace *trace, struct syscall_arg *arg, char *bf,
1081 				   size_t size, int val, char *type)
1082 {
1083 	struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg_fmt = arg->fmt;
1084 
1085 	if (trace->btf == NULL)
1086 		return 0;
1087 
1088 	if (arg_fmt->type == NULL) {
1089 		// Check if this is an enum and if we have the BTF type for it.
1090 		syscall_arg_fmt__cache_btf_enum(arg_fmt, trace->btf, type);
1091 	}
1092 
1093 	// Did we manage to find a BTF type for the syscall/tracepoint argument?
1094 	if (arg_fmt->type == NULL)
1095 		return 0;
1096 
1097 	if (btf_is_enum(arg_fmt->type))
1098 		return btf_enum_scnprintf(arg_fmt->type, trace->btf, bf, size, val);
1099 	else if (btf_is_struct(arg_fmt->type) || btf_is_union(arg_fmt->type))
1100 		return btf_struct_scnprintf(arg_fmt->type, trace->btf, bf, size, arg);
1101 
1102 	return 0;
1103 }
1104 
1105 #else // HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
1106 static size_t trace__btf_scnprintf(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused, struct syscall_arg *arg __maybe_unused,
1107 				   char *bf __maybe_unused, size_t size __maybe_unused, int val __maybe_unused,
1108 				   char *type __maybe_unused)
1109 {
1110 	return 0;
1111 }
1112 
1113 static bool syscall_arg__strtoul_btf_type(char *bf __maybe_unused, size_t size __maybe_unused,
1114 					  struct syscall_arg *arg __maybe_unused, u64 *val __maybe_unused)
1115 {
1116 	return false;
1117 }
1118 #endif // HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
1119 
1120 #define STUL_BTF_TYPE syscall_arg__strtoul_btf_type
1121 
1122 #define STRARRAY(name, array) \
1123 	  { .scnprintf	= SCA_STRARRAY, \
1124 	    .strtoul	= STUL_STRARRAY, \
1125 	    .parm	= &strarray__##array, \
1126 	    .show_zero	= true, }
1127 
1128 #define STRARRAY_FLAGS(name, array) \
1129 	  { .scnprintf	= SCA_STRARRAY_FLAGS, \
1130 	    .strtoul	= STUL_STRARRAY_FLAGS, \
1131 	    .parm	= &strarray__##array, \
1132 	    .show_zero	= true, }
1133 
1134 static const struct syscall_fmt syscall_fmts[] = {
1135 	{ .name	    = "access",
1136 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_ACCMODE,  /* mode */ }, }, },
1137 	{ .name	    = "arch_prctl",
1138 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_X86_ARCH_PRCTL_CODE, /* code */ },
1139 		   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PTR, /* arg2 */ }, }, },
1140 	{ .name	    = "bind",
1141 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT, /* fd */ },
1142 		   [1] = SCA_SOCKADDR_FROM_USER(umyaddr),
1143 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT, /* addrlen */ }, }, },
1144 	{ .name	    = "bpf",
1145 	  .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(cmd, bpf_cmd),
1146 		   [1] = { .from_user = true /* attr */, }, } },
1147 	{ .name	    = "brk",	    .hexret = true,
1148 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PTR, /* brk */ }, }, },
1149 	{ .name     = "clock_gettime",
1150 	  .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(clk_id, clockid), }, },
1151 	{ .name	    = "clock_nanosleep",
1152 	  .arg = { [2] = SCA_TIMESPEC_FROM_USER(req), }, },
1153 	{ .name	    = "clone",	    .errpid = true, .nr_args = 5,
1154 	  .arg = { [0] = { .name = "flags",	    .scnprintf = SCA_CLONE_FLAGS, },
1155 		   [1] = { .name = "child_stack",   .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, },
1156 		   [2] = { .name = "parent_tidptr", .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, },
1157 		   [3] = { .name = "child_tidptr",  .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, },
1158 		   [4] = { .name = "tls",	    .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, }, }, },
1159 	{ .name	    = "close",
1160 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_CLOSE_FD, /* fd */ }, }, },
1161 	{ .name	    = "connect",
1162 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT, /* fd */ },
1163 		   [1] = SCA_SOCKADDR_FROM_USER(servaddr),
1164 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT, /* addrlen */ }, }, },
1165 	{ .name	    = "epoll_ctl",
1166 	  .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(op, epoll_ctl_ops), }, },
1167 	{ .name	    = "eventfd2",
1168 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_EFD_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1169 	{ .name     = "faccessat",
1170 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,	  /* dirfd */ },
1171 		   [1] = SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(pathname),
1172 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_ACCMODE,	  /* mode */ }, }, },
1173 	{ .name     = "faccessat2",
1174 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,	  /* dirfd */ },
1175 		   [1] = SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(pathname),
1176 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_ACCMODE,	  /* mode */ },
1177 		   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FACCESSAT2_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1178 	{ .name	    = "fchmodat",
1179 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
1180 	{ .name	    = "fchownat",
1181 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
1182 	{ .name	    = "fcntl",
1183 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FCNTL_CMD,  /* cmd */
1184 			   .strtoul   = STUL_STRARRAYS,
1185 			   .parm      = &strarrays__fcntl_cmds_arrays,
1186 			   .show_zero = true, },
1187 		   [2] = { .scnprintf =  SCA_FCNTL_ARG, /* arg */ }, }, },
1188 	{ .name	    = "flock",
1189 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FLOCK, /* cmd */ }, }, },
1190 	{ .name     = "fsconfig",
1191 	  .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(cmd, fsconfig_cmds), }, },
1192 	{ .name     = "fsmount",
1193 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FSMOUNT_FLAGS, /* fsmount_flags */
1194 			   .strtoul   = STUL_STRARRAYS,
1195 			   .show_zero = true, },
1196 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FSMOUNT_ATTR_FLAGS, /* attr_flags */ }, }, },
1197 	{ .name     = "fspick",
1198 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,	  /* dfd */ },
1199 		   [1] = SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(path),
1200 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FSPICK_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1201 	{ .name	    = "fstat", .alias = "newfstat", },
1202 	{ .name	    = "futex",
1203 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FUTEX_OP, /* op */ },
1204 		   [5] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FUTEX_VAL3, /* val3 */ }, }, },
1205 	{ .name	    = "futimesat",
1206 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
1207 	{ .name	    = "getitimer",
1208 	  .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(which, itimers), }, },
1209 	{ .name	    = "getpid",	    .errpid = true, },
1210 	{ .name	    = "getpgid",    .errpid = true, },
1211 	{ .name	    = "getppid",    .errpid = true, },
1212 	{ .name	    = "getrandom",
1213 	  .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_GETRANDOM_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1214 	{ .name	    = "getrlimit",
1215 	  .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(resource, rlimit_resources), }, },
1216 	{ .name	    = "getsockopt",
1217 	  .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(level, socket_level), }, },
1218 	{ .name	    = "gettid",	    .errpid = true, },
1219 	{ .name	    = "ioctl",
1220 	  .arg = {
1221 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
1222 /*
1223  * FIXME: Make this available to all arches.
1224  */
1225 		   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_IOCTL_CMD, /* cmd */ },
1226 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* arg */ }, }, },
1227 #else
1228 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX, /* arg */ }, }, },
1229 #endif
1230 	{ .name	    = "kcmp",	    .nr_args = 5,
1231 	  .arg = { [0] = { .name = "pid1",	.scnprintf = SCA_PID, },
1232 		   [1] = { .name = "pid2",	.scnprintf = SCA_PID, },
1233 		   [2] = { .name = "type",	.scnprintf = SCA_KCMP_TYPE, },
1234 		   [3] = { .name = "idx1",	.scnprintf = SCA_KCMP_IDX, },
1235 		   [4] = { .name = "idx2",	.scnprintf = SCA_KCMP_IDX, }, }, },
1236 	{ .name	    = "keyctl",
1237 	  .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(option, keyctl_options), }, },
1238 	{ .name	    = "kill",
1239 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
1240 	{ .name	    = "linkat",
1241 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
1242 	{ .name	    = "lseek",
1243 	  .arg = { [2] = STRARRAY(whence, whences), }, },
1244 	{ .name	    = "lstat", .alias = "newlstat", },
1245 	{ .name     = "madvise",
1246 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,      /* start */ },
1247 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MADV_BHV, /* behavior */ }, }, },
1248 	{ .name	    = "mkdirat",
1249 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
1250 	{ .name	    = "mknodat",
1251 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* fd */ }, }, },
1252 	{ .name	    = "mmap",	    .hexret = true,
1253 /* The standard mmap maps to old_mmap on s390x */
1254 #if defined(__s390x__)
1255 	.alias = "old_mmap",
1256 #endif
1257 	  .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_PROT, .show_zero = true, /* prot */ },
1258 		   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_FLAGS,	/* flags */
1259 			   .strtoul   = STUL_STRARRAY_FLAGS,
1260 			   .parm      = &strarray__mmap_flags, },
1261 		   [5] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,	/* offset */ }, }, },
1262 	{ .name	    = "mount",
1263 	  .arg = { [0] = SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(devname),
1264 		   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MOUNT_FLAGS, /* flags */
1265 			   .mask_val  = SCAMV_MOUNT_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1266 	{ .name	    = "move_mount",
1267 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,	/* from_dfd */ },
1268 		   [1] = SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(pathname),
1269 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,	/* to_dfd */ },
1270 		   [3] = SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(pathname),
1271 		   [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MOVE_MOUNT_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1272 	{ .name	    = "mprotect",
1273 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,	/* start */ },
1274 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_PROT, .show_zero = true, /* prot */ }, }, },
1275 	{ .name	    = "mq_unlink",
1276 	  .arg = { [0] = SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(u_name), }, },
1277 	{ .name	    = "mremap",	    .hexret = true,
1278 	  .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MREMAP_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1279 	{ .name	    = "name_to_handle_at",
1280 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
1281 	{ .name	    = "nanosleep",
1282 	  .arg = { [0] = SCA_TIMESPEC_FROM_USER(req), }, },
1283 	{ .name	    = "newfstatat", .alias = "fstatat",
1284 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,	  /* dirfd */ },
1285 		   [1] = SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(pathname),
1286 		   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FS_AT_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1287 	{ .name	    = "open",
1288 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_OPEN_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1289 	{ .name	    = "open_by_handle_at",
1290 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,	/* dfd */ },
1291 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_OPEN_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1292 	{ .name	    = "openat",
1293 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,	/* dfd */ },
1294 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_OPEN_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1295 	{ .name	    = "perf_event_open",
1296 	  .arg = { [0] = SCA_PERF_ATTR_FROM_USER(attr),
1297 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT,	/* cpu */ },
1298 		   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FD,		/* group_fd */ },
1299 		   [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PERF_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1300 	{ .name	    = "pipe2",
1301 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PIPE_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1302 	{ .name	    = "pkey_alloc",
1303 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PKEY_ALLOC_ACCESS_RIGHTS,	/* access_rights */ }, }, },
1304 	{ .name	    = "pkey_free",
1305 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT,	/* key */ }, }, },
1306 	{ .name	    = "pkey_mprotect",
1307 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_HEX,	/* start */ },
1308 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MMAP_PROT, .show_zero = true, /* prot */ },
1309 		   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_INT,	/* pkey */ }, }, },
1310 	{ .name	    = "poll", .timeout = true, },
1311 	{ .name	    = "ppoll", .timeout = true, },
1312 	{ .name	    = "prctl",
1313 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PRCTL_OPTION, /* option */
1314 			   .strtoul   = STUL_STRARRAY,
1315 			   .parm      = &strarray__prctl_options, },
1316 		   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PRCTL_ARG2, /* arg2 */ },
1317 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_PRCTL_ARG3, /* arg3 */ }, }, },
1318 	{ .name	    = "pread", .alias = "pread64", },
1319 	{ .name	    = "preadv", .alias = "pread", },
1320 	{ .name	    = "prlimit64",
1321 	  .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(resource, rlimit_resources),
1322 		   [2] = { .from_user = true /* new_rlim */, }, }, },
1323 	{ .name	    = "pwrite", .alias = "pwrite64", },
1324 	{ .name	    = "readlinkat",
1325 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
1326 	{ .name	    = "recvfrom",
1327 	  .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1328 	{ .name	    = "recvmmsg",
1329 	  .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1330 	{ .name	    = "recvmsg",
1331 	  .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1332 	{ .name	    = "renameat",
1333 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* olddirfd */ },
1334 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* newdirfd */ }, }, },
1335 	{ .name	    = "renameat2",
1336 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* olddirfd */ },
1337 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* newdirfd */ },
1338 		   [4] = { .scnprintf = SCA_RENAMEAT2_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1339 	{ .name	    = "rseq",
1340 	  .arg = { [0] = { .from_user = true /* rseq */, }, }, },
1341 	{ .name	    = "rt_sigaction",
1342 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
1343 	{ .name	    = "rt_sigprocmask",
1344 	  .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(how, sighow), }, },
1345 	{ .name	    = "rt_sigqueueinfo",
1346 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
1347 	{ .name	    = "rt_tgsigqueueinfo",
1348 	  .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
1349 	{ .name	    = "sched_setscheduler",
1350 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SCHED_POLICY, /* policy */ }, }, },
1351 	{ .name	    = "seccomp",
1352 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SECCOMP_OP,	   /* op */ },
1353 		   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SECCOMP_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1354 	{ .name	    = "select", .timeout = true, },
1355 	{ .name	    = "sendfile", .alias = "sendfile64", },
1356 	{ .name	    = "sendmmsg",
1357 	  .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1358 	{ .name	    = "sendmsg",
1359 	  .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1360 	{ .name	    = "sendto",
1361 	  .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_MSG_FLAGS, /* flags */ },
1362 		   [4] = SCA_SOCKADDR_FROM_USER(addr), }, },
1363 	{ .name	    = "set_robust_list",
1364 	  .arg = { [0] = { .from_user = true /* head */, }, }, },
1365 	{ .name	    = "set_tid_address", .errpid = true, },
1366 	{ .name	    = "setitimer",
1367 	  .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(which, itimers), }, },
1368 	{ .name	    = "setrlimit",
1369 	  .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(resource, rlimit_resources),
1370 		   [1] = { .from_user = true /* rlim */, }, }, },
1371 	{ .name	    = "setsockopt",
1372 	  .arg = { [1] = STRARRAY(level, socket_level), }, },
1373 	{ .name	    = "socket",
1374 	  .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(family, socket_families),
1375 		   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_TYPE, /* type */ },
1376 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_PROTO, /* protocol */ }, }, },
1377 	{ .name	    = "socketpair",
1378 	  .arg = { [0] = STRARRAY(family, socket_families),
1379 		   [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_TYPE, /* type */ },
1380 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SK_PROTO, /* protocol */ }, }, },
1381 	{ .name	    = "stat", .alias = "newstat", },
1382 	{ .name	    = "statx",
1383 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,	 /* fdat */ },
1384 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FS_AT_FLAGS, /* flags */ } ,
1385 		   [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_STATX_MASK,	 /* mask */ }, }, },
1386 	{ .name	    = "swapoff",
1387 	  .arg = { [0] = SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(specialfile), }, },
1388 	{ .name	    = "swapon",
1389 	  .arg = { [0] = SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(specialfile), }, },
1390 	{ .name	    = "symlinkat",
1391 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dfd */ }, }, },
1392 	{ .name	    = "sync_file_range",
1393 	  .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SYNC_FILE_RANGE_FLAGS, /* flags */ }, }, },
1394 	{ .name	    = "tgkill",
1395 	  .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
1396 	{ .name	    = "tkill",
1397 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_SIGNUM, /* sig */ }, }, },
1398 	{ .name     = "umount2", .alias = "umount",
1399 	  .arg = { [0] = SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(name), }, },
1400 	{ .name	    = "uname", .alias = "newuname", },
1401 	{ .name	    = "unlinkat",
1402 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT,	  /* dfd */ },
1403 		   [1] = SCA_FILENAME_FROM_USER(pathname),
1404 		   [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FS_AT_FLAGS,  /* flags */ }, }, },
1405 	{ .name	    = "utimensat",
1406 	  .arg = { [0] = { .scnprintf = SCA_FDAT, /* dirfd */ }, }, },
1407 	{ .name	    = "wait4",	    .errpid = true,
1408 	  .arg = { [2] = { .scnprintf = SCA_WAITID_OPTIONS, /* options */ }, }, },
1409 	{ .name	    = "waitid",	    .errpid = true,
1410 	  .arg = { [3] = { .scnprintf = SCA_WAITID_OPTIONS, /* options */ }, }, },
1411 	{ .name	    = "write",
1412 	  .arg = { [1] = { .scnprintf = SCA_BUF /* buf */, .from_user = true, }, }, },
1413 };
1414 
1415 static int syscall_fmt__cmp(const void *name, const void *fmtp)
1416 {
1417 	const struct syscall_fmt *fmt = fmtp;
1418 	return strcmp(name, fmt->name);
1419 }
1420 
1421 static const struct syscall_fmt *__syscall_fmt__find(const struct syscall_fmt *fmts,
1422 						     const int nmemb,
1423 						     const char *name)
1424 {
1425 	return bsearch(name, fmts, nmemb, sizeof(struct syscall_fmt), syscall_fmt__cmp);
1426 }
1427 
1428 static const struct syscall_fmt *syscall_fmt__find(const char *name)
1429 {
1430 	const int nmemb = ARRAY_SIZE(syscall_fmts);
1431 	return __syscall_fmt__find(syscall_fmts, nmemb, name);
1432 }
1433 
1434 static const struct syscall_fmt *__syscall_fmt__find_by_alias(const struct syscall_fmt *fmts,
1435 							      const int nmemb, const char *alias)
1436 {
1437 	int i;
1438 
1439 	for (i = 0; i < nmemb; ++i) {
1440 		if (fmts[i].alias && strcmp(fmts[i].alias, alias) == 0)
1441 			return &fmts[i];
1442 	}
1443 
1444 	return NULL;
1445 }
1446 
1447 static const struct syscall_fmt *syscall_fmt__find_by_alias(const char *alias)
1448 {
1449 	const int nmemb = ARRAY_SIZE(syscall_fmts);
1450 	return __syscall_fmt__find_by_alias(syscall_fmts, nmemb, alias);
1451 }
1452 
1453 /**
1454  * struct syscall
1455  */
1456 struct syscall {
1457 	/** @e_machine: The ELF machine associated with the entry. */
1458 	int e_machine;
1459 	/** @id: id value from the tracepoint, the system call number. */
1460 	int id;
1461 	struct tep_event    *tp_format;
1462 	int		    nr_args;
1463 	/**
1464 	 * @args_size: sum of the sizes of the syscall arguments, anything
1465 	 * after that is augmented stuff: pathname for openat, etc.
1466 	 */
1467 
1468 	int		    args_size;
1469 	struct {
1470 		struct bpf_program *sys_enter,
1471 				   *sys_exit;
1472 	}		    bpf_prog;
1473 	/** @is_exit: is this "exit" or "exit_group"? */
1474 	bool		    is_exit;
1475 	/**
1476 	 * @is_open: is this "open" or "openat"? To associate the fd returned in
1477 	 * sys_exit with the pathname in sys_enter.
1478 	 */
1479 	bool		    is_open;
1480 	/**
1481 	 * @nonexistent: Name lookup failed. Just a hole in the syscall table,
1482 	 * syscall id not allocated.
1483 	 */
1484 	bool		    nonexistent;
1485 	bool		    use_btf;
1486 	struct tep_format_field *args;
1487 	const char	    *name;
1488 	const struct syscall_fmt  *fmt;
1489 	struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg_fmt;
1490 };
1491 
1492 /*
1493  * We need to have this 'calculated' boolean because in some cases we really
1494  * don't know what is the duration of a syscall, for instance, when we start
1495  * a session and some threads are waiting for a syscall to finish, say 'poll',
1496  * in which case all we can do is to print "( ? ) for duration and for the
1497  * start timestamp.
1498  */
1499 static size_t fprintf_duration(unsigned long t, bool calculated, FILE *fp)
1500 {
1501 	double duration = (double)t / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
1502 	size_t printed = fprintf(fp, "(");
1503 
1504 	if (!calculated)
1505 		printed += fprintf(fp, "         ");
1506 	else if (duration >= 1.0)
1507 		printed += color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_RED, "%6.3f ms", duration);
1508 	else if (duration >= 0.01)
1509 		printed += color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_YELLOW, "%6.3f ms", duration);
1510 	else
1511 		printed += color_fprintf(fp, PERF_COLOR_NORMAL, "%6.3f ms", duration);
1512 	return printed + fprintf(fp, "): ");
1513 }
1514 
1515 /**
1516  * filename.ptr: The filename char pointer that will be vfs_getname'd
1517  * filename.entry_str_pos: Where to insert the string translated from
1518  *                         filename.ptr by the vfs_getname tracepoint/kprobe.
1519  * ret_scnprintf: syscall args may set this to a different syscall return
1520  *                formatter, for instance, fcntl may return fds, file flags, etc.
1521  */
1522 struct thread_trace {
1523 	u64		  entry_time;
1524 	u32		  entry_cpu;
1525 	bool		  entry_pending;
1526 	unsigned long	  nr_events;
1527 	unsigned long	  pfmaj, pfmin;
1528 	char		  *entry_str;
1529 	double		  runtime_ms;
1530 	size_t		  (*ret_scnprintf)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg);
1531         struct {
1532 		unsigned long ptr;
1533 		short int     entry_str_pos;
1534 		bool	      pending_open;
1535 		unsigned int  namelen;
1536 		char	      *name;
1537 	} filename;
1538 	struct {
1539 		int	      max;
1540 		struct file   *table;
1541 	} files;
1542 
1543 	struct hashmap *syscall_stats;
1544 };
1545 
1546 static size_t syscall_id_hash(long key, void *ctx __maybe_unused)
1547 {
1548 	return key;
1549 }
1550 
1551 static bool syscall_id_equal(long key1, long key2, void *ctx __maybe_unused)
1552 {
1553 	return key1 == key2;
1554 }
1555 
1556 static struct hashmap *alloc_syscall_stats(void)
1557 {
1558 	struct hashmap *result = hashmap__new(syscall_id_hash, syscall_id_equal, NULL);
1559 
1560 	return IS_ERR(result) ? NULL : result;
1561 }
1562 
1563 static void delete_syscall_stats(struct hashmap *syscall_stats)
1564 {
1565 	struct hashmap_entry *pos;
1566 	size_t bkt;
1567 
1568 	if (!syscall_stats)
1569 		return;
1570 
1571 	hashmap__for_each_entry(syscall_stats, pos, bkt)
1572 		zfree(&pos->pvalue);
1573 	hashmap__free(syscall_stats);
1574 }
1575 
1576 static struct thread_trace *thread_trace__new(struct trace *trace)
1577 {
1578 	struct thread_trace *ttrace =  zalloc(sizeof(struct thread_trace));
1579 
1580 	if (ttrace) {
1581 		ttrace->files.max = -1;
1582 		if (trace->summary) {
1583 			ttrace->syscall_stats = alloc_syscall_stats();
1584 			if (!ttrace->syscall_stats)
1585 				zfree(&ttrace);
1586 		}
1587 	}
1588 
1589 	return ttrace;
1590 }
1591 
1592 static void thread_trace__free_files(struct thread_trace *ttrace);
1593 
1594 static void thread_trace__delete(void *pttrace)
1595 {
1596 	struct thread_trace *ttrace = pttrace;
1597 
1598 	if (!ttrace)
1599 		return;
1600 
1601 	delete_syscall_stats(ttrace->syscall_stats);
1602 	ttrace->syscall_stats = NULL;
1603 	thread_trace__free_files(ttrace);
1604 	zfree(&ttrace->entry_str);
1605 	free(ttrace);
1606 }
1607 
1608 static struct thread_trace *thread__trace(struct thread *thread, struct trace *trace)
1609 {
1610 	struct thread_trace *ttrace;
1611 
1612 	if (thread == NULL)
1613 		goto fail;
1614 
1615 	if (thread__priv(thread) == NULL)
1616 		thread__set_priv(thread, thread_trace__new(trace));
1617 
1618 	if (thread__priv(thread) == NULL)
1619 		goto fail;
1620 
1621 	ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
1622 	++ttrace->nr_events;
1623 
1624 	return ttrace;
1625 fail:
1626 	color_fprintf(trace->output, PERF_COLOR_RED,
1627 		      "WARNING: not enough memory, dropping samples!\n");
1628 	return NULL;
1629 }
1630 
1631 
1632 void syscall_arg__set_ret_scnprintf(struct syscall_arg *arg,
1633 				    size_t (*ret_scnprintf)(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg))
1634 {
1635 	struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(arg->thread);
1636 
1637 	ttrace->ret_scnprintf = ret_scnprintf;
1638 }
1639 
1640 #define TRACE_PFMAJ		(1 << 0)
1641 #define TRACE_PFMIN		(1 << 1)
1642 
1643 static const size_t trace__entry_str_size = 2048;
1644 
1645 static void thread_trace__free_files(struct thread_trace *ttrace)
1646 {
1647 	for (int i = 0; i <= ttrace->files.max; ++i) {
1648 		struct file *file = ttrace->files.table + i;
1649 		zfree(&file->pathname);
1650 	}
1651 
1652 	zfree(&ttrace->files.table);
1653 	ttrace->files.max  = -1;
1654 }
1655 
1656 static struct file *thread_trace__files_entry(struct thread_trace *ttrace, int fd)
1657 {
1658 	if (fd < 0)
1659 		return NULL;
1660 
1661 	if (fd > ttrace->files.max) {
1662 		struct file *nfiles = realloc(ttrace->files.table, (fd + 1) * sizeof(struct file));
1663 
1664 		if (nfiles == NULL)
1665 			return NULL;
1666 
1667 		if (ttrace->files.max != -1) {
1668 			memset(nfiles + ttrace->files.max + 1, 0,
1669 			       (fd - ttrace->files.max) * sizeof(struct file));
1670 		} else {
1671 			memset(nfiles, 0, (fd + 1) * sizeof(struct file));
1672 		}
1673 
1674 		ttrace->files.table = nfiles;
1675 		ttrace->files.max   = fd;
1676 	}
1677 
1678 	return ttrace->files.table + fd;
1679 }
1680 
1681 struct file *thread__files_entry(struct thread *thread, int fd)
1682 {
1683 	return thread_trace__files_entry(thread__priv(thread), fd);
1684 }
1685 
1686 static int trace__set_fd_pathname(struct thread *thread, int fd, const char *pathname)
1687 {
1688 	struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
1689 	struct file *file = thread_trace__files_entry(ttrace, fd);
1690 
1691 	if (file != NULL) {
1692 		struct stat st;
1693 
1694 		if (stat(pathname, &st) == 0)
1695 			file->dev_maj = major(st.st_rdev);
1696 		file->pathname = strdup(pathname);
1697 		if (file->pathname)
1698 			return 0;
1699 	}
1700 
1701 	return -1;
1702 }
1703 
1704 static int thread__read_fd_path(struct thread *thread, int fd)
1705 {
1706 	char linkname[PATH_MAX], pathname[PATH_MAX];
1707 	struct stat st;
1708 	int ret;
1709 
1710 	if (thread__pid(thread) == thread__tid(thread)) {
1711 		scnprintf(linkname, sizeof(linkname),
1712 			  "/proc/%d/fd/%d", thread__pid(thread), fd);
1713 	} else {
1714 		scnprintf(linkname, sizeof(linkname),
1715 			  "/proc/%d/task/%d/fd/%d",
1716 			  thread__pid(thread), thread__tid(thread), fd);
1717 	}
1718 
1719 	if (lstat(linkname, &st) < 0 || st.st_size + 1 > (off_t)sizeof(pathname))
1720 		return -1;
1721 
1722 	ret = readlink(linkname, pathname, sizeof(pathname));
1723 
1724 	if (ret < 0 || ret > st.st_size)
1725 		return -1;
1726 
1727 	pathname[ret] = '\0';
1728 	return trace__set_fd_pathname(thread, fd, pathname);
1729 }
1730 
1731 static const char *thread__fd_path(struct thread *thread, int fd,
1732 				   struct trace *trace)
1733 {
1734 	struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
1735 
1736 	if (ttrace == NULL || trace->fd_path_disabled)
1737 		return NULL;
1738 
1739 	if (fd < 0)
1740 		return NULL;
1741 
1742 	if ((fd > ttrace->files.max || ttrace->files.table[fd].pathname == NULL)) {
1743 		if (!trace->live)
1744 			return NULL;
1745 		++trace->stats.proc_getname;
1746 		if (thread__read_fd_path(thread, fd))
1747 			return NULL;
1748 	}
1749 
1750 	return ttrace->files.table[fd].pathname;
1751 }
1752 
1753 size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
1754 {
1755 	int fd = arg->val;
1756 	size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", fd);
1757 	const char *path = thread__fd_path(arg->thread, fd, arg->trace);
1758 
1759 	if (path)
1760 		printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "<%s>", path);
1761 
1762 	return printed;
1763 }
1764 
1765 size_t pid__scnprintf_fd(struct trace *trace, pid_t pid, int fd, char *bf, size_t size)
1766 {
1767         size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, "%d", fd);
1768 	struct thread *thread = machine__find_thread(trace->host, pid, pid);
1769 
1770 	if (thread) {
1771 		const char *path = thread__fd_path(thread, fd, trace);
1772 
1773 		if (path)
1774 			printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "<%s>", path);
1775 
1776 		thread__put(thread);
1777 	}
1778 
1779         return printed;
1780 }
1781 
1782 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd(char *bf, size_t size,
1783 					      struct syscall_arg *arg)
1784 {
1785 	int fd = arg->val;
1786 	size_t printed = syscall_arg__scnprintf_fd(bf, size, arg);
1787 	struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(arg->thread);
1788 
1789 	if (ttrace && fd >= 0 && fd <= ttrace->files.max)
1790 		zfree(&ttrace->files.table[fd].pathname);
1791 
1792 	return printed;
1793 }
1794 
1795 static void thread__set_filename_pos(struct thread *thread, const char *bf,
1796 				     unsigned long ptr)
1797 {
1798 	struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
1799 
1800 	ttrace->filename.ptr = ptr;
1801 	ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos = bf - ttrace->entry_str;
1802 }
1803 
1804 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_augmented_string(struct syscall_arg *arg, char *bf, size_t size)
1805 {
1806 	struct augmented_arg *augmented_arg = arg->augmented.args;
1807 	size_t printed = scnprintf(bf, size, "\"%.*s\"", augmented_arg->size, augmented_arg->value);
1808 	/*
1809 	 * So that the next arg with a payload can consume its augmented arg, i.e. for rename* syscalls
1810 	 * we would have two strings, each prefixed by its size.
1811 	 */
1812 	int consumed = sizeof(*augmented_arg) + augmented_arg->size;
1813 
1814 	arg->augmented.args = ((void *)arg->augmented.args) + consumed;
1815 	arg->augmented.size -= consumed;
1816 
1817 	return printed;
1818 }
1819 
1820 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_filename(char *bf, size_t size,
1821 					      struct syscall_arg *arg)
1822 {
1823 	unsigned long ptr = arg->val;
1824 
1825 	if (arg->augmented.args)
1826 		return syscall_arg__scnprintf_augmented_string(arg, bf, size);
1827 
1828 	if (!arg->trace->vfs_getname)
1829 		return scnprintf(bf, size, "%#x", ptr);
1830 
1831 	thread__set_filename_pos(arg->thread, bf, ptr);
1832 	return 0;
1833 }
1834 
1835 #define MAX_CONTROL_CHAR 31
1836 #define MAX_ASCII 127
1837 
1838 static size_t syscall_arg__scnprintf_buf(char *bf, size_t size, struct syscall_arg *arg)
1839 {
1840 	struct augmented_arg *augmented_arg = arg->augmented.args;
1841 	unsigned char *orig = (unsigned char *)augmented_arg->value;
1842 	size_t printed = 0;
1843 	int consumed;
1844 
1845 	if (augmented_arg == NULL)
1846 		return 0;
1847 
1848 	for (int j = 0; j < augmented_arg->size; ++j) {
1849 		bool control_char = orig[j] <= MAX_CONTROL_CHAR || orig[j] >= MAX_ASCII;
1850 		/* print control characters (0~31 and 127), and non-ascii characters in \(digits) */
1851 		printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, control_char ? "\\%d" : "%c", (int)orig[j]);
1852 	}
1853 
1854 	consumed = sizeof(*augmented_arg) + augmented_arg->size;
1855 	arg->augmented.args = ((void *)arg->augmented.args) + consumed;
1856 	arg->augmented.size -= consumed;
1857 
1858 	return printed;
1859 }
1860 
1861 static bool trace__filter_duration(struct trace *trace, double t)
1862 {
1863 	return t < (trace->duration_filter * NSEC_PER_MSEC);
1864 }
1865 
1866 static size_t __trace__fprintf_tstamp(struct trace *trace, u64 tstamp, FILE *fp)
1867 {
1868 	double ts = (double)(tstamp - trace->base_time) / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
1869 
1870 	return fprintf(fp, "%10.3f ", ts);
1871 }
1872 
1873 /*
1874  * We're handling tstamp=0 as an undefined tstamp, i.e. like when we are
1875  * using ttrace->entry_time for a thread that receives a sys_exit without
1876  * first having received a sys_enter ("poll" issued before tracing session
1877  * starts, lost sys_enter exit due to ring buffer overflow).
1878  */
1879 static size_t trace__fprintf_tstamp(struct trace *trace, u64 tstamp, FILE *fp)
1880 {
1881 	if (tstamp > 0)
1882 		return __trace__fprintf_tstamp(trace, tstamp, fp);
1883 
1884 	return fprintf(fp, "         ? ");
1885 }
1886 
1887 /**
1888  * trace__fprintf_cpu - Print the CPU ID to a given file stream
1889  * @cpu: The CPU ID to print
1890  * @fp: The file stream to write to
1891  *
1892  * Formats and prints the specified CPU ID enclosed in brackets
1893  * (e.g., "[003] ") to the provided file pointer. It is used to
1894  * align and display the CPU ID consistently within the trace output.
1895  *
1896  * Return: The number of characters printed.
1897  */
1898 static size_t trace__fprintf_cpu(u32 cpu, FILE *fp)
1899 {
1900 	size_t printed = 0;
1901 
1902 	if (cpu != (u32)-1)
1903 		printed += fprintf(fp, "[%03u] ", cpu);
1904 
1905 	return printed;
1906 }
1907 
1908 static pid_t workload_pid = -1;
1909 static volatile sig_atomic_t done = false;
1910 static volatile sig_atomic_t interrupted = false;
1911 
1912 static void sighandler_interrupt(int sig __maybe_unused)
1913 {
1914 	done = interrupted = true;
1915 }
1916 
1917 static void sighandler_chld(int sig __maybe_unused, siginfo_t *info,
1918 			    void *context __maybe_unused)
1919 {
1920 	if (info->si_pid == workload_pid)
1921 		done = true;
1922 }
1923 
1924 static size_t trace__fprintf_comm_tid(struct trace *trace, struct thread *thread, FILE *fp)
1925 {
1926 	size_t printed = 0;
1927 
1928 	if (trace->multiple_threads) {
1929 		if (trace->show_comm)
1930 			printed += fprintf(fp, "%.14s/", thread__comm_str(thread));
1931 		printed += fprintf(fp, "%d ", thread__tid(thread));
1932 	}
1933 
1934 	return printed;
1935 }
1936 
1937 static size_t trace__fprintf_entry_head(struct trace *trace, struct thread *thread,
1938 					u64 duration, bool duration_calculated,
1939 					u64 tstamp, u32 cpu, FILE *fp)
1940 {
1941 	size_t printed = 0;
1942 
1943 	if (trace->show_tstamp)
1944 		printed = trace__fprintf_tstamp(trace, tstamp, fp);
1945 	if (trace->show_cpu && cpu != (u32)-1)
1946 		printed += trace__fprintf_cpu(cpu, fp);
1947 	if (trace->show_duration)
1948 		printed += fprintf_duration(duration, duration_calculated, fp);
1949 	return printed + trace__fprintf_comm_tid(trace, thread, fp);
1950 }
1951 
1952 static int trace__process_event(struct trace *trace, struct machine *machine,
1953 				union perf_event *event, struct perf_sample *sample)
1954 {
1955 	int ret = 0;
1956 
1957 	switch (event->header.type) {
1958 	case PERF_RECORD_LOST:
1959 		color_fprintf(trace->output, PERF_COLOR_RED,
1960 			      "LOST %" PRIu64 " events!\n", (u64)event->lost.lost);
1961 		ret = machine__process_lost_event(machine, event, sample);
1962 		break;
1963 	default:
1964 		ret = machine__process_event(machine, event, sample);
1965 		break;
1966 	}
1967 
1968 	return ret;
1969 }
1970 
1971 static int trace__tool_process(const struct perf_tool *tool,
1972 			       union perf_event *event,
1973 			       struct perf_sample *sample,
1974 			       struct machine *machine)
1975 {
1976 	struct trace *trace = container_of(tool, struct trace, tool);
1977 	return trace__process_event(trace, machine, event, sample);
1978 }
1979 
1980 static char *trace__machine__resolve_kernel_addr(void *vmachine, unsigned long long *addrp, char **modp)
1981 {
1982 	struct machine *machine = vmachine;
1983 
1984 	if (machine->kptr_restrict_warned)
1985 		return NULL;
1986 
1987 	if (symbol_conf.kptr_restrict) {
1988 		pr_warning("Kernel address maps (/proc/{kallsyms,modules}) are restricted.\n\n"
1989 			   "Check /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict and /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid.\n\n"
1990 			   "Kernel samples will not be resolved.\n");
1991 		machine->kptr_restrict_warned = true;
1992 		return NULL;
1993 	}
1994 
1995 	return machine__resolve_kernel_addr(vmachine, addrp, modp);
1996 }
1997 
1998 static int trace__symbols_init(struct trace *trace, int argc, const char **argv,
1999 			       struct evlist *evlist)
2000 {
2001 	int err = symbol__init(NULL);
2002 
2003 	if (err)
2004 		return err;
2005 
2006 	perf_env__init(&trace->host_env);
2007 	err = perf_env__set_cmdline(&trace->host_env, argc, argv);
2008 	if (err)
2009 		goto out;
2010 
2011 	trace->host = machine__new_host(&trace->host_env);
2012 	if (trace->host == NULL) {
2013 		err = -ENOMEM;
2014 		goto out;
2015 	}
2016 	thread__set_priv_destructor(thread_trace__delete);
2017 
2018 	err = trace_event__register_resolver(trace->host, trace__machine__resolve_kernel_addr);
2019 	if (err < 0)
2020 		goto out;
2021 
2022 	if (trace->summary_only && trace->summary_mode != SUMMARY__BY_THREAD)
2023 		goto out;
2024 
2025 	err = __machine__synthesize_threads(trace->host, &trace->tool, &trace->opts.target,
2026 					    evlist->core.threads, trace__tool_process,
2027 					    /*needs_mmap=*/callchain_param.enabled &&
2028 							   !trace->summary_only,
2029 					    /*mmap_data=*/false,
2030 					    /*nr_threads_synthesize=*/1);
2031 out:
2032 	if (err) {
2033 		perf_env__exit(&trace->host_env);
2034 		symbol__exit();
2035 	}
2036 	return err;
2037 }
2038 
2039 static void trace__symbols__exit(struct trace *trace)
2040 {
2041 	machine__exit(trace->host);
2042 	trace->host = NULL;
2043 
2044 	perf_env__exit(&trace->host_env);
2045 	symbol__exit();
2046 }
2047 
2048 static int syscall__alloc_arg_fmts(struct syscall *sc, int nr_args)
2049 {
2050 	int idx;
2051 
2052 	if (nr_args == RAW_SYSCALL_ARGS_NUM && sc->fmt && sc->fmt->nr_args != 0)
2053 		nr_args = sc->fmt->nr_args;
2054 
2055 	sc->arg_fmt = calloc(nr_args, sizeof(*sc->arg_fmt));
2056 	if (sc->arg_fmt == NULL)
2057 		return -1;
2058 
2059 	for (idx = 0; idx < nr_args; ++idx) {
2060 		if (sc->fmt)
2061 			sc->arg_fmt[idx] = sc->fmt->arg[idx];
2062 	}
2063 
2064 	sc->nr_args = nr_args;
2065 	return 0;
2066 }
2067 
2068 static const struct syscall_arg_fmt syscall_arg_fmts__by_name[] = {
2069 	{ .name = "msr",	.scnprintf = SCA_X86_MSR,	  .strtoul = STUL_X86_MSR,	   },
2070 	{ .name = "vector",	.scnprintf = SCA_X86_IRQ_VECTORS, .strtoul = STUL_X86_IRQ_VECTORS, },
2071 };
2072 
2073 static int syscall_arg_fmt__cmp(const void *name, const void *fmtp)
2074 {
2075        const struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt = fmtp;
2076        return strcmp(name, fmt->name);
2077 }
2078 
2079 static const struct syscall_arg_fmt *
2080 __syscall_arg_fmt__find_by_name(const struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmts, const int nmemb,
2081 				const char *name)
2082 {
2083        return bsearch(name, fmts, nmemb, sizeof(struct syscall_arg_fmt), syscall_arg_fmt__cmp);
2084 }
2085 
2086 static const struct syscall_arg_fmt *syscall_arg_fmt__find_by_name(const char *name)
2087 {
2088        const int nmemb = ARRAY_SIZE(syscall_arg_fmts__by_name);
2089        return __syscall_arg_fmt__find_by_name(syscall_arg_fmts__by_name, nmemb, name);
2090 }
2091 
2092 /*
2093  * v6.19 kernel added new fields to read userspace memory for event tracing.
2094  * But it's not used by perf and confuses the syscall parameters.
2095  */
2096 static bool is_internal_field(struct tep_format_field *field)
2097 {
2098 	return !strcmp(field->type, "__data_loc char[]");
2099 }
2100 
2101 static struct tep_format_field *
2102 syscall_arg_fmt__init_array(struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg, struct tep_format_field *field,
2103 			    bool *use_btf)
2104 {
2105 	struct tep_format_field *last_field = NULL;
2106 	int len;
2107 
2108 	for (; field; field = field->next, ++arg) {
2109 		/* assume it's the last argument */
2110 		if (is_internal_field(field))
2111 			continue;
2112 
2113 		last_field = field;
2114 
2115 		if (arg->scnprintf)
2116 			continue;
2117 
2118 		len = strlen(field->name);
2119 
2120 		// As far as heuristics (or intention) goes this seems to hold true, and makes sense!
2121 		if ((field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER) && strstarts(field->type, "const "))
2122 			arg->from_user = true;
2123 
2124 		if (strcmp(field->type, "const char *") == 0 &&
2125 		    ((len >= 4 && strcmp(field->name + len - 4, "name") == 0) ||
2126 		     strstr(field->name, "path") != NULL)) {
2127 			arg->scnprintf = SCA_FILENAME;
2128 		} else if ((field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER) || strstr(field->name, "addr"))
2129 			arg->scnprintf = SCA_PTR;
2130 		else if (strcmp(field->type, "pid_t") == 0)
2131 			arg->scnprintf = SCA_PID;
2132 		else if (strcmp(field->type, "umode_t") == 0)
2133 			arg->scnprintf = SCA_MODE_T;
2134 		else if ((field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_ARRAY) && strstr(field->type, "char")) {
2135 			arg->scnprintf = SCA_CHAR_ARRAY;
2136 			arg->nr_entries = field->arraylen;
2137 		} else if ((strcmp(field->type, "int") == 0 ||
2138 			  strcmp(field->type, "unsigned int") == 0 ||
2139 			  strcmp(field->type, "long") == 0) &&
2140 			 len >= 2 && strcmp(field->name + len - 2, "fd") == 0) {
2141 			/*
2142 			 * /sys/kernel/tracing/events/syscalls/sys_enter*
2143 			 * grep -E 'field:.*fd;' .../format|sed -r 's/.*field:([a-z ]+) [a-z_]*fd.+/\1/g'|sort|uniq -c
2144 			 * 65 int
2145 			 * 23 unsigned int
2146 			 * 7 unsigned long
2147 			 */
2148 			arg->scnprintf = SCA_FD;
2149 		} else if (strstr(field->type, "enum") && use_btf != NULL) {
2150 			*use_btf = true;
2151 			arg->strtoul = STUL_BTF_TYPE;
2152 		} else {
2153 			const struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt =
2154 				syscall_arg_fmt__find_by_name(field->name);
2155 
2156 			if (fmt) {
2157 				arg->scnprintf = fmt->scnprintf;
2158 				arg->strtoul   = fmt->strtoul;
2159 			}
2160 		}
2161 	}
2162 
2163 	return last_field;
2164 }
2165 
2166 static int syscall__set_arg_fmts(struct syscall *sc)
2167 {
2168 	struct tep_format_field *last_field = syscall_arg_fmt__init_array(sc->arg_fmt, sc->args,
2169 									  &sc->use_btf);
2170 
2171 	if (last_field)
2172 		sc->args_size = last_field->offset + last_field->size;
2173 
2174 	return 0;
2175 }
2176 
2177 static int syscall__read_info(struct syscall *sc, struct trace *trace)
2178 {
2179 	char tp_name[128];
2180 	const char *name;
2181 	struct tep_format_field *field;
2182 	int err;
2183 
2184 	if (sc->nonexistent)
2185 		return -EEXIST;
2186 
2187 	if (sc->name) {
2188 		/* Info already read. */
2189 		return 0;
2190 	}
2191 
2192 	name = syscalltbl__name(sc->e_machine, sc->id);
2193 	if (name == NULL) {
2194 		sc->nonexistent = true;
2195 		return -EEXIST;
2196 	}
2197 
2198 	sc->name = name;
2199 	sc->fmt  = syscall_fmt__find(sc->name);
2200 
2201 	snprintf(tp_name, sizeof(tp_name), "sys_enter_%s", sc->name);
2202 	sc->tp_format = trace_event__tp_format("syscalls", tp_name);
2203 
2204 	if (IS_ERR(sc->tp_format) && sc->fmt && sc->fmt->alias) {
2205 		snprintf(tp_name, sizeof(tp_name), "sys_enter_%s", sc->fmt->alias);
2206 		sc->tp_format = trace_event__tp_format("syscalls", tp_name);
2207 	}
2208 
2209 	/*
2210 	 * Fails to read trace point format via sysfs node, so the trace point
2211 	 * doesn't exist.  Set the 'nonexistent' flag as true.
2212 	 */
2213 	if (IS_ERR(sc->tp_format)) {
2214 		sc->nonexistent = true;
2215 		err = PTR_ERR(sc->tp_format);
2216 		sc->tp_format = NULL;
2217 		return err;
2218 	}
2219 
2220 	/*
2221 	 * The tracepoint format contains __syscall_nr field, so it's one more
2222 	 * than the actual number of syscall arguments.
2223 	 */
2224 	if (syscall__alloc_arg_fmts(sc, sc->tp_format->format.nr_fields - 1))
2225 		return -ENOMEM;
2226 
2227 	sc->args = sc->tp_format->format.fields;
2228 	/*
2229 	 * We need to check and discard the first variable '__syscall_nr'
2230 	 * or 'nr' that mean the syscall number. It is needless here.
2231 	 * So drop '__syscall_nr' or 'nr' field but does not exist on older kernels.
2232 	 */
2233 	if (sc->args && (!strcmp(sc->args->name, "__syscall_nr") || !strcmp(sc->args->name, "nr"))) {
2234 		sc->args = sc->args->next;
2235 		--sc->nr_args;
2236 	}
2237 
2238 	field = sc->args;
2239 	while (field) {
2240 		if (is_internal_field(field))
2241 			--sc->nr_args;
2242 		field = field->next;
2243 	}
2244 
2245 	sc->is_exit = !strcmp(name, "exit_group") || !strcmp(name, "exit");
2246 	sc->is_open = !strcmp(name, "open") || !strcmp(name, "openat");
2247 
2248 	err = syscall__set_arg_fmts(sc);
2249 
2250 	/* after calling syscall__set_arg_fmts() we'll know whether use_btf is true */
2251 	if (sc->use_btf)
2252 		trace__load_vmlinux_btf(trace);
2253 
2254 	return err;
2255 }
2256 
2257 static int evsel__init_tp_arg_scnprintf(struct evsel *evsel, bool *use_btf)
2258 {
2259 	struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt = evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);
2260 
2261 	if (fmt != NULL) {
2262 		const struct tep_event *tp_format = evsel__tp_format(evsel);
2263 
2264 		if (tp_format) {
2265 			syscall_arg_fmt__init_array(fmt, tp_format->format.fields, use_btf);
2266 			return 0;
2267 		}
2268 	}
2269 
2270 	return -ENOMEM;
2271 }
2272 
2273 static int intcmp(const void *a, const void *b)
2274 {
2275 	const int *one = a, *another = b;
2276 
2277 	return *one - *another;
2278 }
2279 
2280 static int trace__validate_ev_qualifier(struct trace *trace)
2281 {
2282 	int err = 0;
2283 	bool printed_invalid_prefix = false;
2284 	struct str_node *pos;
2285 	size_t nr_used = 0, nr_allocated = strlist__nr_entries(trace->ev_qualifier);
2286 
2287 	trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries = calloc(nr_allocated, sizeof(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[0]));
2288 	if (trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries == NULL) {
2289 		fputs("Error:\tNot enough memory for allocating events qualifier ids\n",
2290 		       trace->output);
2291 		err = -EINVAL;
2292 		goto out;
2293 	}
2294 
2295 	strlist__for_each_entry(pos, trace->ev_qualifier) {
2296 		const char *sc = pos->s;
2297 		/*
2298 		 * TODO: Assume more than the validation/warnings are all for
2299 		 * the same binary type as perf.
2300 		 */
2301 		int id = syscalltbl__id(EM_HOST, sc), match_next = -1;
2302 
2303 		if (id < 0) {
2304 			id = syscalltbl__strglobmatch_first(EM_HOST, sc, &match_next);
2305 			if (id >= 0)
2306 				goto matches;
2307 
2308 			if (!printed_invalid_prefix) {
2309 				pr_debug("Skipping unknown syscalls: ");
2310 				printed_invalid_prefix = true;
2311 			} else {
2312 				pr_debug(", ");
2313 			}
2314 
2315 			pr_debug("%s", sc);
2316 			continue;
2317 		}
2318 matches:
2319 		trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[nr_used++] = id;
2320 		if (match_next == -1)
2321 			continue;
2322 
2323 		while (1) {
2324 			id = syscalltbl__strglobmatch_next(EM_HOST, sc, &match_next);
2325 			if (id < 0)
2326 				break;
2327 			if (nr_allocated == nr_used) {
2328 				void *entries;
2329 
2330 				nr_allocated += 8;
2331 				entries = realloc(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries,
2332 						  nr_allocated * sizeof(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[0]));
2333 				if (entries == NULL) {
2334 					err = -ENOMEM;
2335 					fputs("\nError:\t Not enough memory for parsing\n", trace->output);
2336 					goto out_free;
2337 				}
2338 				trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries = entries;
2339 			}
2340 			trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries[nr_used++] = id;
2341 		}
2342 	}
2343 
2344 	trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr = nr_used;
2345 	qsort(trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries, nr_used, sizeof(int), intcmp);
2346 out:
2347 	if (printed_invalid_prefix)
2348 		pr_debug("\n");
2349 	return err;
2350 out_free:
2351 	zfree(&trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries);
2352 	trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr = 0;
2353 	goto out;
2354 }
2355 
2356 static __maybe_unused bool trace__syscall_enabled(struct trace *trace, int id)
2357 {
2358 	bool in_ev_qualifier;
2359 
2360 	if (trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr == 0)
2361 		return true;
2362 
2363 	in_ev_qualifier = bsearch(&id, trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries,
2364 				  trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr, sizeof(int), intcmp) != NULL;
2365 
2366 	if (in_ev_qualifier)
2367 	       return !trace->not_ev_qualifier;
2368 
2369 	return trace->not_ev_qualifier;
2370 }
2371 
2372 /*
2373  * args is to be interpreted as a series of longs but we need to handle
2374  * 8-byte unaligned accesses. args points to raw_data within the event
2375  * and raw_data is guaranteed to be 8-byte unaligned because it is
2376  * preceded by raw_size which is a u32. So we need to copy args to a temp
2377  * variable to read it. Most notably this avoids extended load instructions
2378  * on unaligned addresses
2379  */
2380 unsigned long syscall_arg__val(struct syscall_arg *arg, u8 idx)
2381 {
2382 	unsigned long val;
2383 	unsigned char *p = arg->args + sizeof(unsigned long) * idx;
2384 
2385 	memcpy(&val, p, sizeof(val));
2386 	return val;
2387 }
2388 
2389 static size_t syscall__scnprintf_name(struct syscall *sc, char *bf, size_t size,
2390 				      struct syscall_arg *arg)
2391 {
2392 	if (sc->arg_fmt && sc->arg_fmt[arg->idx].name)
2393 		return scnprintf(bf, size, "%s: ", sc->arg_fmt[arg->idx].name);
2394 
2395 	return scnprintf(bf, size, "arg%d: ", arg->idx);
2396 }
2397 
2398 /*
2399  * Check if the value is in fact zero, i.e. mask whatever needs masking, such
2400  * as mount 'flags' argument that needs ignoring some magic flag, see comment
2401  * in tools/perf/trace/beauty/mount_flags.c
2402  */
2403 static unsigned long syscall_arg_fmt__mask_val(struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt, struct syscall_arg *arg, unsigned long val)
2404 {
2405 	if (fmt && fmt->mask_val)
2406 		return fmt->mask_val(arg, val);
2407 
2408 	return val;
2409 }
2410 
2411 static size_t syscall_arg_fmt__scnprintf_val(struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt, char *bf, size_t size,
2412 					     struct syscall_arg *arg, unsigned long val)
2413 {
2414 	if (fmt && fmt->scnprintf) {
2415 		arg->val = val;
2416 		if (fmt->parm)
2417 			arg->parm = fmt->parm;
2418 		return fmt->scnprintf(bf, size, arg);
2419 	}
2420 	return scnprintf(bf, size, "%ld", val);
2421 }
2422 
2423 static size_t syscall__scnprintf_args(struct syscall *sc, char *bf, size_t size,
2424 				      unsigned char *args, void *augmented_args, int augmented_args_size,
2425 				      struct trace *trace, struct thread *thread)
2426 {
2427 	size_t printed = 0, btf_printed;
2428 	unsigned long val;
2429 	u8 bit = 1;
2430 	struct syscall_arg arg = {
2431 		.args	= args,
2432 		.augmented = {
2433 			.size = augmented_args_size,
2434 			.args = augmented_args,
2435 		},
2436 		.idx	= 0,
2437 		.mask	= 0,
2438 		.trace  = trace,
2439 		.thread = thread,
2440 		.show_string_prefix = trace->show_string_prefix,
2441 	};
2442 	struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
2443 	void *default_scnprintf;
2444 
2445 	/*
2446 	 * Things like fcntl will set this in its 'cmd' formatter to pick the
2447 	 * right formatter for the return value (an fd? file flags?), which is
2448 	 * not needed for syscalls that always return a given type, say an fd.
2449 	 */
2450 	ttrace->ret_scnprintf = NULL;
2451 
2452 	if (sc->args != NULL) {
2453 		struct tep_format_field *field;
2454 
2455 		for (field = sc->args; field;
2456 		     field = field->next, ++arg.idx, bit <<= 1) {
2457 			if (arg.mask & bit)
2458 				continue;
2459 
2460 			arg.fmt = &sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx];
2461 			val = syscall_arg__val(&arg, arg.idx);
2462 			/*
2463 			 * Some syscall args need some mask, most don't and
2464 			 * return val untouched.
2465 			 */
2466 			val = syscall_arg_fmt__mask_val(&sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx], &arg, val);
2467 
2468 			/*
2469 			 * Suppress this argument if its value is zero and show_zero
2470 			 * property isn't set.
2471 			 *
2472 			 * If it has a BTF type, then override the zero suppression knob
2473 			 * as the common case is for zero in an enum to have an associated entry.
2474 			 */
2475 			if (val == 0 && !trace->show_zeros &&
2476 			    !(sc->arg_fmt && sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].show_zero) &&
2477 			    !(sc->arg_fmt && sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].strtoul == STUL_BTF_TYPE))
2478 				continue;
2479 
2480 			printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s", printed ? ", " : "");
2481 
2482 			if (trace->show_arg_names)
2483 				printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s: ", field->name);
2484 
2485 			default_scnprintf = sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx].scnprintf;
2486 
2487 			if (trace->force_btf || default_scnprintf == NULL || default_scnprintf == SCA_PTR) {
2488 				btf_printed = trace__btf_scnprintf(trace, &arg, bf + printed,
2489 								   size - printed, val, field->type);
2490 				if (btf_printed) {
2491 					printed += btf_printed;
2492 					continue;
2493 				}
2494 			}
2495 
2496 			printed += syscall_arg_fmt__scnprintf_val(&sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx],
2497 								  bf + printed, size - printed, &arg, val);
2498 		}
2499 	} else if (IS_ERR(sc->tp_format)) {
2500 		/*
2501 		 * If we managed to read the tracepoint /format file, then we
2502 		 * may end up not having any args, like with gettid(), so only
2503 		 * print the raw args when we didn't manage to read it.
2504 		 */
2505 		while (arg.idx < sc->nr_args) {
2506 			if (arg.mask & bit)
2507 				goto next_arg;
2508 			val = syscall_arg__val(&arg, arg.idx);
2509 			if (printed)
2510 				printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, ", ");
2511 			printed += syscall__scnprintf_name(sc, bf + printed, size - printed, &arg);
2512 			printed += syscall_arg_fmt__scnprintf_val(&sc->arg_fmt[arg.idx], bf + printed, size - printed, &arg, val);
2513 next_arg:
2514 			++arg.idx;
2515 			bit <<= 1;
2516 		}
2517 	}
2518 
2519 	return printed;
2520 }
2521 
2522 static struct syscall *syscall__new(int e_machine, int id)
2523 {
2524 	struct syscall *sc = zalloc(sizeof(*sc));
2525 
2526 	if (!sc)
2527 		return NULL;
2528 
2529 	sc->e_machine = e_machine;
2530 	sc->id = id;
2531 	return sc;
2532 }
2533 
2534 static void syscall__delete(struct syscall *sc)
2535 {
2536 	if (!sc)
2537 		return;
2538 
2539 	free(sc->arg_fmt);
2540 	free(sc);
2541 }
2542 
2543 static int syscall__bsearch_cmp(const void *key, const void *entry)
2544 {
2545 	const struct syscall *a = key, *b = *((const struct syscall **)entry);
2546 
2547 	if (a->e_machine != b->e_machine)
2548 		return a->e_machine - b->e_machine;
2549 
2550 	return a->id - b->id;
2551 }
2552 
2553 static int syscall__cmp(const void *va, const void *vb)
2554 {
2555 	const struct syscall *a = *((const struct syscall **)va);
2556 	const struct syscall *b = *((const struct syscall **)vb);
2557 
2558 	if (a->e_machine != b->e_machine)
2559 		return a->e_machine - b->e_machine;
2560 
2561 	return a->id - b->id;
2562 }
2563 
2564 static struct syscall *trace__find_syscall(struct trace *trace, int e_machine, int id)
2565 {
2566 	struct syscall key = {
2567 		.e_machine = e_machine,
2568 		.id = id,
2569 	};
2570 	struct syscall *sc, **tmp;
2571 
2572 	if (trace->syscalls.table) {
2573 		struct syscall **sc_entry = bsearch(&key, trace->syscalls.table,
2574 						    trace->syscalls.table_size,
2575 						    sizeof(trace->syscalls.table[0]),
2576 						    syscall__bsearch_cmp);
2577 
2578 		if (sc_entry)
2579 			return *sc_entry;
2580 	}
2581 
2582 	sc = syscall__new(e_machine, id);
2583 	if (!sc)
2584 		return NULL;
2585 
2586 	tmp = reallocarray(trace->syscalls.table, trace->syscalls.table_size + 1,
2587 			   sizeof(trace->syscalls.table[0]));
2588 	if (!tmp) {
2589 		syscall__delete(sc);
2590 		return NULL;
2591 	}
2592 
2593 	trace->syscalls.table = tmp;
2594 	trace->syscalls.table[trace->syscalls.table_size++] = sc;
2595 	qsort(trace->syscalls.table, trace->syscalls.table_size, sizeof(trace->syscalls.table[0]),
2596 	      syscall__cmp);
2597 	return sc;
2598 }
2599 
2600 typedef int (*tracepoint_handler)(struct trace *trace,
2601 				  union perf_event *event,
2602 				  struct perf_sample *sample);
2603 
2604 static struct syscall *trace__syscall_info(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel,
2605 					   int e_machine, int id)
2606 {
2607 	struct syscall *sc;
2608 	int err = 0;
2609 
2610 	if (id < 0) {
2611 
2612 		/*
2613 		 * XXX: Noticed on x86_64, reproduced as far back as 3.0.36, haven't tried
2614 		 * before that, leaving at a higher verbosity level till that is
2615 		 * explained. Reproduced with plain ftrace with:
2616 		 *
2617 		 * echo 1 > /t/events/raw_syscalls/sys_exit/enable
2618 		 * grep "NR -1 " /t/trace_pipe
2619 		 *
2620 		 * After generating some load on the machine.
2621  		 */
2622 		if (verbose > 1) {
2623 			static u64 n;
2624 			fprintf(trace->output, "Invalid syscall %d id, skipping (%s, %" PRIu64 ") ...\n",
2625 				id, evsel__name(evsel), ++n);
2626 		}
2627 		return NULL;
2628 	}
2629 
2630 	err = -EINVAL;
2631 
2632 	sc = trace__find_syscall(trace, e_machine, id);
2633 	if (sc)
2634 		err = syscall__read_info(sc, trace);
2635 
2636 	if (err && verbose > 0) {
2637 		errno = -err;
2638 		fprintf(trace->output, "Problems reading syscall %d: %m", id);
2639 		if (sc && sc->name)
2640 			fprintf(trace->output, " (%s)", sc->name);
2641 		fputs(" information\n", trace->output);
2642 	}
2643 	return err ? NULL : sc;
2644 }
2645 
2646 struct syscall_stats {
2647 	struct stats stats;
2648 	u64	     nr_failures;
2649 	int	     max_errno;
2650 	u32	     *errnos;
2651 };
2652 
2653 static void thread__update_stats(struct thread *thread, struct thread_trace *ttrace,
2654 				 int id, struct perf_sample *sample, long err,
2655 				 struct trace *trace)
2656 {
2657 	struct hashmap *syscall_stats = ttrace->syscall_stats;
2658 	struct syscall_stats *stats = NULL;
2659 	u64 duration = 0;
2660 
2661 	if (trace->summary_bpf)
2662 		return;
2663 
2664 	if (trace->summary_mode == SUMMARY__BY_TOTAL)
2665 		syscall_stats = trace->syscall_stats;
2666 
2667 	if (!hashmap__find(syscall_stats, id, &stats)) {
2668 		stats = zalloc(sizeof(*stats));
2669 		if (stats == NULL)
2670 			return;
2671 
2672 		init_stats(&stats->stats);
2673 		if (hashmap__add(syscall_stats, id, stats) < 0) {
2674 			free(stats);
2675 			return;
2676 		}
2677 	}
2678 
2679 	if (ttrace->entry_time && sample->time > ttrace->entry_time)
2680 		duration = sample->time - ttrace->entry_time;
2681 
2682 	update_stats(&stats->stats, duration);
2683 
2684 	if (err < 0) {
2685 		++stats->nr_failures;
2686 
2687 		if (!trace->errno_summary)
2688 			return;
2689 
2690 		err = -err;
2691 		if (err > stats->max_errno) {
2692 			u32 *new_errnos = realloc(stats->errnos, err * sizeof(u32));
2693 
2694 			if (new_errnos) {
2695 				memset(new_errnos + stats->max_errno, 0, (err - stats->max_errno) * sizeof(u32));
2696 			} else {
2697 				pr_debug("Not enough memory for errno stats for thread \"%s\"(%d/%d), results will be incomplete\n",
2698 					 thread__comm_str(thread), thread__pid(thread),
2699 					 thread__tid(thread));
2700 				return;
2701 			}
2702 
2703 			stats->errnos = new_errnos;
2704 			stats->max_errno = err;
2705 		}
2706 
2707 		++stats->errnos[err - 1];
2708 	}
2709 }
2710 
2711 static int trace__printf_interrupted_entry(struct trace *trace)
2712 {
2713 	struct thread_trace *ttrace;
2714 	size_t printed;
2715 	int len;
2716 
2717 	if (trace->failure_only || trace->current == NULL)
2718 		return 0;
2719 
2720 	ttrace = thread__priv(trace->current);
2721 
2722 	if (!ttrace->entry_pending)
2723 		return 0;
2724 
2725 	printed = trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, trace->current, 0, false,
2726 					    ttrace->entry_time, ttrace->entry_cpu,
2727 					    trace->output);
2728 	printed += len = fprintf(trace->output, "%s)", ttrace->entry_str);
2729 
2730 	if (len < trace->args_alignment - 4)
2731 		printed += fprintf(trace->output, "%-*s", trace->args_alignment - 4 - len, " ");
2732 
2733 	printed += fprintf(trace->output, " ...\n");
2734 
2735 	ttrace->entry_pending = false;
2736 	++trace->nr_events_printed;
2737 
2738 	return printed;
2739 }
2740 
2741 static int trace__fprintf_sample(struct trace *trace, struct perf_sample *sample,
2742 				 struct thread *thread)
2743 {
2744 	int printed = 0;
2745 
2746 	if (trace->print_sample) {
2747 		double ts = (double)sample->time / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
2748 
2749 		printed += fprintf(trace->output, "%22s %10.3f %s %d/%d [%d]\n",
2750 				   evsel__name(sample->evsel), ts,
2751 				   thread__comm_str(thread),
2752 				   sample->pid, sample->tid, sample->cpu);
2753 	}
2754 
2755 	return printed;
2756 }
2757 
2758 static void *syscall__augmented_args(struct syscall *sc, struct perf_sample *sample, int *augmented_args_size, int raw_augmented_args_size)
2759 {
2760 	/*
2761 	 * For now with BPF raw_augmented we hook into raw_syscalls:sys_enter
2762 	 * and there we get all 6 syscall args plus the tracepoint common fields
2763 	 * that gets calculated at the start and the syscall_nr (another long).
2764 	 * So we check if that is the case and if so don't look after the
2765 	 * sc->args_size but always after the full raw_syscalls:sys_enter payload,
2766 	 * which is fixed.
2767 	 *
2768 	 * We'll revisit this later to pass s->args_size to the BPF augmenter
2769 	 * (now tools/perf/examples/bpf/augmented_raw_syscalls.c, so that it
2770 	 * copies only what we need for each syscall, like what happens when we
2771 	 * use syscalls:sys_enter_NAME, so that we reduce the kernel/userspace
2772 	 * traffic to just what is needed for each syscall.
2773 	 */
2774 	int args_size = raw_augmented_args_size ?: sc->args_size;
2775 
2776 	*augmented_args_size = sample->raw_size - args_size;
2777 	if (*augmented_args_size > 0) {
2778 		static uintptr_t argbuf[1024]; /* assuming single-threaded */
2779 
2780 		if ((size_t)(*augmented_args_size) > sizeof(argbuf))
2781 			return NULL;
2782 
2783 		/*
2784 		 * The perf ring-buffer is 8-byte aligned but sample->raw_data
2785 		 * is not because it's preceded by u32 size.  Later, beautifier
2786 		 * will use the augmented args with stricter alignments like in
2787 		 * some struct.  To make sure it's aligned, let's copy the args
2788 		 * into a static buffer as it's single-threaded for now.
2789 		 */
2790 		memcpy(argbuf, sample->raw_data + args_size, *augmented_args_size);
2791 
2792 		return argbuf;
2793 	}
2794 	return NULL;
2795 }
2796 
2797 static int trace__sys_enter(struct trace *trace,
2798 			    union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
2799 			    struct perf_sample *sample)
2800 {
2801 	struct evsel *evsel = sample->evsel;
2802 	char *msg;
2803 	void *args;
2804 	int printed = 0;
2805 	struct thread *thread;
2806 	int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(id, sample), err = -1;
2807 	int augmented_args_size = 0, e_machine;
2808 	void *augmented_args = NULL;
2809 	struct syscall *sc;
2810 	struct thread_trace *ttrace;
2811 
2812 	thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
2813 	e_machine = thread__e_machine(thread, trace->host, /*e_flags=*/NULL);
2814 	sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, e_machine, id);
2815 	if (sc == NULL)
2816 		goto out_put;
2817 	ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace);
2818 	if (ttrace == NULL)
2819 		goto out_put;
2820 
2821 	trace__fprintf_sample(trace, sample, thread);
2822 
2823 	args = perf_evsel__sc_tp_ptr(args, sample);
2824 
2825 	if (ttrace->entry_str == NULL) {
2826 		ttrace->entry_str = malloc(trace__entry_str_size);
2827 		if (!ttrace->entry_str)
2828 			goto out_put;
2829 	}
2830 
2831 	if (!(trace->duration_filter || trace->summary_only || trace->min_stack))
2832 		trace__printf_interrupted_entry(trace);
2833 	/*
2834 	 * If this is raw_syscalls.sys_enter, then it always comes with the 6 possible
2835 	 * arguments, even if the syscall being handled, say "openat", uses only 4 arguments
2836 	 * this breaks syscall__augmented_args() check for augmented args, as we calculate
2837 	 * syscall->args_size using each syscalls:sys_enter_NAME tracefs format file,
2838 	 * so when handling, say the openat syscall, we end up getting 6 args for the
2839 	 * raw_syscalls:sys_enter event, when we expected just 4, we end up mistakenly
2840 	 * thinking that the extra 2 u64 args are the augmented filename, so just check
2841 	 * here and avoid using augmented syscalls when the evsel is the raw_syscalls one.
2842 	 */
2843 	if (evsel != trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter)
2844 		augmented_args = syscall__augmented_args(sc, sample, &augmented_args_size, trace->raw_augmented_syscalls_args_size);
2845 	ttrace->entry_time = sample->time;
2846 	ttrace->entry_cpu = sample->cpu;
2847 	msg = ttrace->entry_str;
2848 	printed += scnprintf(msg + printed, trace__entry_str_size - printed, "%s(", sc->name);
2849 
2850 	printed += syscall__scnprintf_args(sc, msg + printed, trace__entry_str_size - printed,
2851 					   args, augmented_args, augmented_args_size, trace, thread);
2852 
2853 	if (sc->is_exit) {
2854 		if (!(trace->duration_filter || trace->summary_only || trace->failure_only || trace->min_stack)) {
2855 			int alignment = 0;
2856 
2857 			trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, thread, 0, false,
2858 						  ttrace->entry_time,
2859 						  sample->cpu, trace->output);
2860 			printed = fprintf(trace->output, "%s)", ttrace->entry_str);
2861 			if (trace->args_alignment > printed)
2862 				alignment = trace->args_alignment - printed;
2863 			fprintf(trace->output, "%*s= ?\n", alignment, " ");
2864 		}
2865 	} else {
2866 		ttrace->entry_pending = true;
2867 		/* See trace__vfs_getname & trace__sys_exit */
2868 		ttrace->filename.pending_open = false;
2869 	}
2870 
2871 	if (trace->current != thread) {
2872 		thread__put(trace->current);
2873 		trace->current = thread__get(thread);
2874 	}
2875 	err = 0;
2876 out_put:
2877 	thread__put(thread);
2878 	return err;
2879 }
2880 
2881 static int trace__fprintf_sys_enter(struct trace *trace, struct perf_sample *sample)
2882 {
2883 	struct thread_trace *ttrace;
2884 	struct thread *thread;
2885 	int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(id, sample), err = -1;
2886 	struct syscall *sc;
2887 	char msg[1024];
2888 	void *args, *augmented_args = NULL;
2889 	int augmented_args_size, e_machine;
2890 	size_t printed = 0;
2891 
2892 
2893 	thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
2894 	e_machine = thread__e_machine(thread, trace->host, /*e_flags=*/NULL);
2895 	sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, sample->evsel, e_machine, id);
2896 	if (sc == NULL)
2897 		goto out_put;
2898 	ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace);
2899 	/*
2900 	 * We need to get ttrace just to make sure it is there when syscall__scnprintf_args()
2901 	 * and the rest of the beautifiers accessing it via struct syscall_arg touches it.
2902 	 */
2903 	if (ttrace == NULL)
2904 		goto out_put;
2905 
2906 	args = perf_evsel__sc_tp_ptr(args, sample);
2907 	augmented_args = syscall__augmented_args(sc, sample, &augmented_args_size, trace->raw_augmented_syscalls_args_size);
2908 	printed += syscall__scnprintf_args(sc, msg, sizeof(msg), args, augmented_args, augmented_args_size, trace, thread);
2909 	fprintf(trace->output, "%.*s", (int)printed, msg);
2910 	err = 0;
2911 out_put:
2912 	thread__put(thread);
2913 	return err;
2914 }
2915 
2916 static int trace__resolve_callchain(struct trace *trace,
2917 				    struct perf_sample *sample,
2918 				    struct callchain_cursor *cursor)
2919 {
2920 	struct evsel *evsel = sample->evsel;
2921 	struct addr_location al;
2922 	int max_stack = evsel->core.attr.sample_max_stack ?
2923 			evsel->core.attr.sample_max_stack :
2924 			trace->max_stack;
2925 	int err = -1;
2926 
2927 	addr_location__init(&al);
2928 	if (machine__resolve(trace->host, &al, sample) < 0)
2929 		goto out;
2930 
2931 	err = thread__resolve_callchain(al.thread, cursor, sample, NULL, NULL, max_stack);
2932 out:
2933 	addr_location__exit(&al);
2934 	return err;
2935 }
2936 
2937 static int trace__fprintf_callchain(struct trace *trace, struct perf_sample *sample)
2938 {
2939 	/* TODO: user-configurable print_opts */
2940 	const unsigned int print_opts = EVSEL__PRINT_SYM |
2941 				        EVSEL__PRINT_DSO |
2942 				        EVSEL__PRINT_UNKNOWN_AS_ADDR;
2943 
2944 	return sample__fprintf_callchain(sample, 38, print_opts, get_tls_callchain_cursor(), symbol_conf.bt_stop_list, trace->output);
2945 }
2946 
2947 static int trace__sys_exit(struct trace *trace,
2948 			   union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
2949 			   struct perf_sample *sample)
2950 {
2951 	struct evsel *evsel = sample->evsel;
2952 	long ret;
2953 	u64 duration = 0;
2954 	bool duration_calculated = false;
2955 	struct thread *thread;
2956 	int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(id, sample), err = -1, callchain_ret = 0, printed = 0;
2957 	int alignment = trace->args_alignment, e_machine;
2958 	struct syscall *sc;
2959 	struct thread_trace *ttrace;
2960 
2961 	thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
2962 	e_machine = thread__e_machine(thread, trace->host, /*e_flags=*/NULL);
2963 	sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, e_machine, id);
2964 	if (sc == NULL)
2965 		goto out_put;
2966 	ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace);
2967 	if (ttrace == NULL)
2968 		goto out_put;
2969 
2970 	trace__fprintf_sample(trace, sample, thread);
2971 
2972 	ret = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(ret, sample);
2973 
2974 	if (trace->summary)
2975 		thread__update_stats(thread, ttrace, id, sample, ret, trace);
2976 
2977 	if (!trace->fd_path_disabled && sc->is_open && ret >= 0 && ttrace->filename.pending_open) {
2978 		trace__set_fd_pathname(thread, ret, ttrace->filename.name);
2979 		ttrace->filename.pending_open = false;
2980 		++trace->stats.vfs_getname;
2981 	}
2982 
2983 	if (ttrace->entry_time && sample->time >= ttrace->entry_time) {
2984 		duration = sample->time - ttrace->entry_time;
2985 		if (trace__filter_duration(trace, duration))
2986 			goto out;
2987 		duration_calculated = true;
2988 	} else if (trace->duration_filter)
2989 		goto out;
2990 
2991 	if (sample->callchain) {
2992 		struct callchain_cursor *cursor = get_tls_callchain_cursor();
2993 
2994 		callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, sample, cursor);
2995 		if (callchain_ret == 0) {
2996 			if (cursor->nr < trace->min_stack)
2997 				goto out;
2998 			callchain_ret = 1;
2999 		}
3000 	}
3001 
3002 	if (trace->summary_only || (ret >= 0 && trace->failure_only))
3003 		goto out;
3004 
3005 	trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, thread, duration,
3006 				  duration_calculated, ttrace->entry_time,
3007 				  sample->cpu, trace->output);
3008 
3009 	if (ttrace->entry_pending) {
3010 		printed = fprintf(trace->output, "%s", ttrace->entry_str);
3011 	} else {
3012 		printed += fprintf(trace->output, " ... [");
3013 		color_fprintf(trace->output, PERF_COLOR_YELLOW, "continued");
3014 		printed += 9;
3015 		printed += fprintf(trace->output, "]: %s()", sc->name);
3016 	}
3017 
3018 	printed++; /* the closing ')' */
3019 
3020 	if (alignment > printed)
3021 		alignment -= printed;
3022 	else
3023 		alignment = 0;
3024 
3025 	fprintf(trace->output, ")%*s= ", alignment, " ");
3026 
3027 	if (sc->fmt == NULL) {
3028 		if (ret < 0)
3029 			goto errno_print;
3030 signed_print:
3031 		fprintf(trace->output, "%ld", ret);
3032 	} else if (ret < 0) {
3033 errno_print: {
3034 		char bf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
3035 		struct perf_env *env = evsel__env(evsel) ?: &trace->host_env;
3036 		const char *emsg = str_error_r(-ret, bf, sizeof(bf));
3037 		const char *e = perf_env__arch_strerrno(env, err);
3038 
3039 		fprintf(trace->output, "-1 %s (%s)", e, emsg);
3040 	}
3041 	} else if (ret == 0 && sc->fmt->timeout)
3042 		fprintf(trace->output, "0 (Timeout)");
3043 	else if (ttrace->ret_scnprintf) {
3044 		char bf[1024];
3045 		struct syscall_arg arg = {
3046 			.val	= ret,
3047 			.thread	= thread,
3048 			.trace	= trace,
3049 		};
3050 		ttrace->ret_scnprintf(bf, sizeof(bf), &arg);
3051 		ttrace->ret_scnprintf = NULL;
3052 		fprintf(trace->output, "%s", bf);
3053 	} else if (sc->fmt->hexret)
3054 		fprintf(trace->output, "%#lx", ret);
3055 	else if (sc->fmt->errpid) {
3056 		struct thread *child = machine__find_thread(trace->host, ret, ret);
3057 
3058 		fprintf(trace->output, "%ld", ret);
3059 		if (child != NULL) {
3060 			if (thread__comm_set(child))
3061 				fprintf(trace->output, " (%s)", thread__comm_str(child));
3062 			thread__put(child);
3063 		}
3064 	} else
3065 		goto signed_print;
3066 
3067 	fputc('\n', trace->output);
3068 
3069 	/*
3070 	 * We only consider an 'event' for the sake of --max-events a non-filtered
3071 	 * sys_enter + sys_exit and other tracepoint events.
3072 	 */
3073 	if (++trace->nr_events_printed == trace->max_events && trace->max_events != ULONG_MAX)
3074 		interrupted = true;
3075 
3076 	if (callchain_ret > 0)
3077 		trace__fprintf_callchain(trace, sample);
3078 	else if (callchain_ret < 0)
3079 		pr_err("Problem processing %s callchain, skipping...\n", evsel__name(evsel));
3080 out:
3081 	ttrace->entry_pending = false;
3082 	err = 0;
3083 out_put:
3084 	thread__put(thread);
3085 	return err;
3086 }
3087 
3088 static int trace__vfs_getname(struct trace *trace,
3089 			      union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
3090 			      struct perf_sample *sample)
3091 {
3092 	struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
3093 	struct thread_trace *ttrace;
3094 	size_t filename_len, entry_str_len, to_move;
3095 	ssize_t remaining_space;
3096 	char *pos;
3097 	const char *filename = perf_sample__strval(sample, "pathname");
3098 
3099 	if (!thread)
3100 		goto out;
3101 
3102 	ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
3103 	if (!ttrace)
3104 		goto out_put;
3105 
3106 	filename_len = strlen(filename);
3107 	if (filename_len == 0)
3108 		goto out_put;
3109 
3110 	if (ttrace->filename.namelen < filename_len) {
3111 		char *f = realloc(ttrace->filename.name, filename_len + 1);
3112 
3113 		if (f == NULL)
3114 			goto out_put;
3115 
3116 		ttrace->filename.namelen = filename_len;
3117 		ttrace->filename.name = f;
3118 	}
3119 
3120 	strcpy(ttrace->filename.name, filename);
3121 	ttrace->filename.pending_open = true;
3122 
3123 	if (!ttrace->filename.ptr)
3124 		goto out_put;
3125 
3126 	entry_str_len = strlen(ttrace->entry_str);
3127 	remaining_space = trace__entry_str_size - entry_str_len - 1; /* \0 */
3128 	if (remaining_space <= 0)
3129 		goto out_put;
3130 
3131 	if (filename_len > (size_t)remaining_space) {
3132 		filename += filename_len - remaining_space;
3133 		filename_len = remaining_space;
3134 	}
3135 
3136 	to_move = entry_str_len - ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos + 1; /* \0 */
3137 	pos = ttrace->entry_str + ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos;
3138 	memmove(pos + filename_len, pos, to_move);
3139 	memcpy(pos, filename, filename_len);
3140 
3141 	ttrace->filename.ptr = 0;
3142 	ttrace->filename.entry_str_pos = 0;
3143 out_put:
3144 	thread__put(thread);
3145 out:
3146 	return 0;
3147 }
3148 
3149 static int trace__sched_stat_runtime(struct trace *trace,
3150 				     union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
3151 				     struct perf_sample *sample)
3152 {
3153 	u64 runtime = perf_sample__intval(sample, "runtime");
3154 	double runtime_ms = (double)runtime / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
3155 	struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host,
3156 							sample->pid,
3157 							sample->tid);
3158 	struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace);
3159 
3160 	if (ttrace == NULL)
3161 		goto out_dump;
3162 
3163 	ttrace->runtime_ms += runtime_ms;
3164 	trace->runtime_ms += runtime_ms;
3165 out_put:
3166 	thread__put(thread);
3167 	return 0;
3168 
3169 out_dump:
3170 	fprintf(trace->output, "%s: comm=%s,pid=%u,runtime=%" PRIu64 ",vruntime=%" PRIu64 ")\n",
3171 	       sample->evsel->name,
3172 	       perf_sample__strval(sample, "comm"),
3173 	       (pid_t)perf_sample__intval(sample, "pid"),
3174 	       runtime,
3175 	       perf_sample__intval(sample, "vruntime"));
3176 	goto out_put;
3177 }
3178 
3179 static int bpf_output__printer(enum binary_printer_ops op,
3180 			       unsigned int val, void *extra __maybe_unused, FILE *fp)
3181 {
3182 	unsigned char ch = (unsigned char)val;
3183 
3184 	switch (op) {
3185 	case BINARY_PRINT_CHAR_DATA:
3186 		return fprintf(fp, "%c", isprint(ch) ? ch : '.');
3187 	case BINARY_PRINT_DATA_BEGIN:
3188 	case BINARY_PRINT_LINE_BEGIN:
3189 	case BINARY_PRINT_ADDR:
3190 	case BINARY_PRINT_NUM_DATA:
3191 	case BINARY_PRINT_NUM_PAD:
3192 	case BINARY_PRINT_SEP:
3193 	case BINARY_PRINT_CHAR_PAD:
3194 	case BINARY_PRINT_LINE_END:
3195 	case BINARY_PRINT_DATA_END:
3196 	default:
3197 		break;
3198 	}
3199 
3200 	return 0;
3201 }
3202 
3203 static void bpf_output__fprintf(struct trace *trace,
3204 				struct perf_sample *sample)
3205 {
3206 	binary__fprintf(sample->raw_data, sample->raw_size, 8,
3207 			bpf_output__printer, NULL, trace->output);
3208 	++trace->nr_events_printed;
3209 }
3210 
3211 static size_t trace__fprintf_tp_fields(struct trace *trace, struct perf_sample *sample,
3212 				       struct thread *thread, void *augmented_args, int augmented_args_size)
3213 {
3214 	struct evsel *evsel = sample->evsel;
3215 	char bf[2048];
3216 	size_t size = sizeof(bf);
3217 	const struct tep_event *tp_format = evsel__tp_format(evsel);
3218 	struct tep_format_field *field = tp_format ? tp_format->format.fields : NULL;
3219 	struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg = __evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);
3220 	size_t printed = 0, btf_printed;
3221 	unsigned long val;
3222 	u8 bit = 1;
3223 	struct syscall_arg syscall_arg = {
3224 		.augmented = {
3225 			.size = augmented_args_size,
3226 			.args = augmented_args,
3227 		},
3228 		.idx	= 0,
3229 		.mask	= 0,
3230 		.trace  = trace,
3231 		.thread = thread,
3232 		.show_string_prefix = trace->show_string_prefix,
3233 	};
3234 
3235 	for (; field && arg; field = field->next, ++syscall_arg.idx, bit <<= 1, ++arg) {
3236 		if (syscall_arg.mask & bit)
3237 			continue;
3238 
3239 		syscall_arg.len = 0;
3240 		syscall_arg.fmt = arg;
3241 		if (field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_ARRAY) {
3242 			int offset = field->offset;
3243 
3244 			if (field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_DYNAMIC) {
3245 				offset = format_field__intval(field, sample, evsel->needs_swap);
3246 				syscall_arg.len = offset >> 16;
3247 				offset &= 0xffff;
3248 				if (tep_field_is_relative(field->flags))
3249 					offset += field->offset + field->size;
3250 			}
3251 
3252 			val = (uintptr_t)(sample->raw_data + offset);
3253 		} else
3254 			val = format_field__intval(field, sample, evsel->needs_swap);
3255 		/*
3256 		 * Some syscall args need some mask, most don't and
3257 		 * return val untouched.
3258 		 */
3259 		val = syscall_arg_fmt__mask_val(arg, &syscall_arg, val);
3260 
3261 		/* Suppress this argument if its value is zero and show_zero property isn't set. */
3262 		if (val == 0 && !trace->show_zeros && !arg->show_zero && arg->strtoul != STUL_BTF_TYPE)
3263 			continue;
3264 
3265 		printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s", printed ? ", " : "");
3266 
3267 		if (trace->show_arg_names)
3268 			printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s: ", field->name);
3269 
3270 		btf_printed = trace__btf_scnprintf(trace, &syscall_arg, bf + printed, size - printed, val, field->type);
3271 		if (btf_printed) {
3272 			printed += btf_printed;
3273 			continue;
3274 		}
3275 
3276 		printed += syscall_arg_fmt__scnprintf_val(arg, bf + printed, size - printed, &syscall_arg, val);
3277 	}
3278 
3279 	return fprintf(trace->output, "%.*s", (int)printed, bf);
3280 }
3281 
3282 static int trace__event_handler(struct trace *trace,
3283 				union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
3284 				struct perf_sample *sample)
3285 {
3286 	struct evsel *evsel = sample->evsel;
3287 	struct thread *thread;
3288 	int callchain_ret = 0;
3289 
3290 	if (evsel->nr_events_printed >= evsel->max_events)
3291 		return 0;
3292 
3293 	thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
3294 
3295 	if (sample->callchain) {
3296 		struct callchain_cursor *cursor = get_tls_callchain_cursor();
3297 
3298 		callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, sample, cursor);
3299 		if (callchain_ret == 0) {
3300 			if (cursor->nr < trace->min_stack)
3301 				goto out;
3302 			callchain_ret = 1;
3303 		}
3304 	}
3305 
3306 	trace__printf_interrupted_entry(trace);
3307 	trace__fprintf_tstamp(trace, sample->time, trace->output);
3308 
3309 	if (trace->show_cpu)
3310 		trace__fprintf_cpu(sample->cpu, trace->output);
3311 
3312 	if (trace->trace_syscalls && trace->show_duration)
3313 		fprintf(trace->output, "(         ): ");
3314 
3315 	if (thread)
3316 		trace__fprintf_comm_tid(trace, thread, trace->output);
3317 
3318 	if (evsel == trace->syscalls.events.bpf_output) {
3319 		int id = perf_evsel__sc_tp_uint(id, sample);
3320 		int e_machine = thread
3321 			? thread__e_machine(thread, trace->host, /*e_flags=*/NULL)
3322 			: EM_HOST;
3323 		struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, evsel, e_machine, id);
3324 
3325 		if (sc) {
3326 			fprintf(trace->output, "%s(", sc->name);
3327 			trace__fprintf_sys_enter(trace, sample);
3328 			fputc(')', trace->output);
3329 			goto newline;
3330 		}
3331 
3332 		/*
3333 		 * XXX: Not having the associated syscall info or not finding/adding
3334 		 * 	the thread should never happen, but if it does...
3335 		 * 	fall thru and print it as a bpf_output event.
3336 		 */
3337 	}
3338 
3339 	fprintf(trace->output, "%s(", evsel->name);
3340 
3341 	if (evsel__is_bpf_output(evsel)) {
3342 		bpf_output__fprintf(trace, sample);
3343 	} else {
3344 		const struct tep_event *tp_format = evsel__tp_format(evsel);
3345 
3346 		if (tp_format && (strncmp(tp_format->name, "sys_enter_", 10) ||
3347 				  trace__fprintf_sys_enter(trace, sample))) {
3348 			if (trace->libtraceevent_print) {
3349 				event_format__fprintf(tp_format, sample->cpu,
3350 						      sample->raw_data, sample->raw_size,
3351 						      trace->output);
3352 			} else {
3353 				trace__fprintf_tp_fields(trace, sample, thread, NULL, 0);
3354 			}
3355 		}
3356 	}
3357 
3358 newline:
3359 	fprintf(trace->output, ")\n");
3360 
3361 	if (callchain_ret > 0)
3362 		trace__fprintf_callchain(trace, sample);
3363 	else if (callchain_ret < 0)
3364 		pr_err("Problem processing %s callchain, skipping...\n", evsel__name(evsel));
3365 
3366 	++trace->nr_events_printed;
3367 
3368 	if (evsel->max_events != ULONG_MAX && ++evsel->nr_events_printed == evsel->max_events) {
3369 		evsel__disable(evsel);
3370 		evsel__close(evsel);
3371 	}
3372 out:
3373 	thread__put(thread);
3374 	return 0;
3375 }
3376 
3377 static void print_location(FILE *f, struct perf_sample *sample,
3378 			   struct addr_location *al,
3379 			   bool print_dso, bool print_sym)
3380 {
3381 
3382 	if ((verbose > 0 || print_dso) && al->map)
3383 		fprintf(f, "%s@", dso__long_name(map__dso(al->map)));
3384 
3385 	if ((verbose > 0 || print_sym) && al->sym)
3386 		fprintf(f, "%s+0x%" PRIx64, al->sym->name,
3387 			al->addr - al->sym->start);
3388 	else if (al->map)
3389 		fprintf(f, "0x%" PRIx64, al->addr);
3390 	else
3391 		fprintf(f, "0x%" PRIx64, sample->addr);
3392 }
3393 
3394 static int trace__pgfault(struct trace *trace,
3395 			  union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
3396 			  struct perf_sample *sample)
3397 {
3398 	struct thread *thread;
3399 	struct addr_location al;
3400 	char map_type = 'd';
3401 	struct thread_trace *ttrace;
3402 	int err = -1;
3403 	int callchain_ret = 0;
3404 
3405 	addr_location__init(&al);
3406 	thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
3407 
3408 	if (sample->callchain) {
3409 		struct callchain_cursor *cursor = get_tls_callchain_cursor();
3410 
3411 		callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, sample, cursor);
3412 		if (callchain_ret == 0) {
3413 			if (cursor->nr < trace->min_stack)
3414 				goto out_put;
3415 			callchain_ret = 1;
3416 		}
3417 	}
3418 
3419 	ttrace = thread__trace(thread, trace);
3420 	if (ttrace == NULL)
3421 		goto out_put;
3422 
3423 	if (sample->evsel->core.attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ) {
3424 		ttrace->pfmaj++;
3425 		trace->pfmaj++;
3426 	} else {
3427 		ttrace->pfmin++;
3428 		trace->pfmin++;
3429 	}
3430 
3431 	if (trace->summary_only)
3432 		goto out;
3433 
3434 	thread__find_symbol(thread, sample->cpumode, sample->ip, &al);
3435 
3436 	trace__fprintf_entry_head(trace, thread, 0, true, sample->time,
3437 				  sample->cpu, trace->output);
3438 
3439 	fprintf(trace->output, "%sfault [",
3440 		sample->evsel->core.attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ ?
3441 		"maj" : "min");
3442 
3443 	print_location(trace->output, sample, &al, false, true);
3444 
3445 	fprintf(trace->output, "] => ");
3446 
3447 	thread__find_symbol(thread, sample->cpumode, sample->addr, &al);
3448 
3449 	if (!al.map) {
3450 		thread__find_symbol(thread, sample->cpumode, sample->addr, &al);
3451 
3452 		if (al.map)
3453 			map_type = 'x';
3454 		else
3455 			map_type = '?';
3456 	}
3457 
3458 	print_location(trace->output, sample, &al, true, false);
3459 
3460 	fprintf(trace->output, " (%c%c)\n", map_type, al.level);
3461 
3462 	if (callchain_ret > 0)
3463 		trace__fprintf_callchain(trace, sample);
3464 	else if (callchain_ret < 0)
3465 		pr_err("Problem processing %s callchain, skipping...\n",
3466 		       evsel__name(sample->evsel));
3467 
3468 	++trace->nr_events_printed;
3469 out:
3470 	err = 0;
3471 out_put:
3472 	thread__put(thread);
3473 	addr_location__exit(&al);
3474 	return err;
3475 }
3476 
3477 static void trace__set_base_time(struct trace *trace,
3478 				 struct perf_sample *sample)
3479 {
3480 	/*
3481 	 * BPF events were not setting PERF_SAMPLE_TIME, so be more robust
3482 	 * and don't use sample->time unconditionally, we may end up having
3483 	 * some other event in the future without PERF_SAMPLE_TIME for good
3484 	 * reason, i.e. we may not be interested in its timestamps, just in
3485 	 * it taking place, picking some piece of information when it
3486 	 * appears in our event stream (vfs_getname comes to mind).
3487 	 */
3488 	if (trace->base_time == 0 && !trace->full_time &&
3489 	    (sample->evsel->core.attr.sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_TIME))
3490 		trace->base_time = sample->time;
3491 }
3492 
3493 static int trace__process_sample(const struct perf_tool *tool,
3494 				 union perf_event *event,
3495 				 struct perf_sample *sample,
3496 				 struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
3497 {
3498 	struct trace *trace = container_of(tool, struct trace, tool);
3499 	struct evsel *evsel = sample->evsel;
3500 	struct thread *thread;
3501 	int err = 0;
3502 
3503 	tracepoint_handler handler = evsel->handler;
3504 
3505 	thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
3506 	if (thread && thread__is_filtered(thread))
3507 		goto out;
3508 
3509 	trace__set_base_time(trace, sample);
3510 
3511 	if (handler) {
3512 		++trace->nr_events;
3513 		handler(trace, event, sample);
3514 	}
3515 out:
3516 	thread__put(thread);
3517 	return err;
3518 }
3519 
3520 static int trace__record(struct trace *trace, int argc, const char **argv)
3521 {
3522 	unsigned int rec_argc, i, j;
3523 	const char **rec_argv;
3524 	const char * const record_args[] = {
3525 		"record",
3526 		"-R",
3527 		"-m", "1024",
3528 		"-c", "1",
3529 	};
3530 	pid_t pid = getpid();
3531 	char *filter = asprintf__tp_filter_pids(1, &pid);
3532 	const char * const sc_args[] = { "-e", };
3533 	unsigned int sc_args_nr = ARRAY_SIZE(sc_args);
3534 	const char * const majpf_args[] = { "-e", "major-faults" };
3535 	unsigned int majpf_args_nr = ARRAY_SIZE(majpf_args);
3536 	const char * const minpf_args[] = { "-e", "minor-faults" };
3537 	unsigned int minpf_args_nr = ARRAY_SIZE(minpf_args);
3538 	int err = -1;
3539 
3540 	/* +3 is for the event string below and the pid filter */
3541 	rec_argc = ARRAY_SIZE(record_args) + sc_args_nr + 3 +
3542 		majpf_args_nr + minpf_args_nr + argc;
3543 	rec_argv = calloc(rec_argc + 1, sizeof(char *));
3544 
3545 	if (rec_argv == NULL || filter == NULL)
3546 		goto out_free;
3547 
3548 	j = 0;
3549 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(record_args); i++)
3550 		rec_argv[j++] = record_args[i];
3551 
3552 	if (trace->trace_syscalls) {
3553 		for (i = 0; i < sc_args_nr; i++)
3554 			rec_argv[j++] = sc_args[i];
3555 
3556 		/* event string may be different for older kernels - e.g., RHEL6 */
3557 		if (is_valid_tracepoint("raw_syscalls:sys_enter"))
3558 			rec_argv[j++] = "raw_syscalls:sys_enter,raw_syscalls:sys_exit";
3559 		else if (is_valid_tracepoint("syscalls:sys_enter"))
3560 			rec_argv[j++] = "syscalls:sys_enter,syscalls:sys_exit";
3561 		else {
3562 			pr_err("Neither raw_syscalls nor syscalls events exist.\n");
3563 			goto out_free;
3564 		}
3565 	}
3566 
3567 	rec_argv[j++] = "--filter";
3568 	rec_argv[j++] = filter;
3569 
3570 	if (trace->trace_pgfaults & TRACE_PFMAJ)
3571 		for (i = 0; i < majpf_args_nr; i++)
3572 			rec_argv[j++] = majpf_args[i];
3573 
3574 	if (trace->trace_pgfaults & TRACE_PFMIN)
3575 		for (i = 0; i < minpf_args_nr; i++)
3576 			rec_argv[j++] = minpf_args[i];
3577 
3578 	for (i = 0; i < (unsigned int)argc; i++)
3579 		rec_argv[j++] = argv[i];
3580 
3581 	err = cmd_record(j, rec_argv);
3582 out_free:
3583 	free(filter);
3584 	free(rec_argv);
3585 	return err;
3586 }
3587 
3588 static size_t trace__fprintf_thread_summary(struct trace *trace, FILE *fp);
3589 static size_t trace__fprintf_total_summary(struct trace *trace, FILE *fp);
3590 
3591 static bool evlist__add_vfs_getname(struct evlist *evlist)
3592 {
3593 	bool found = false;
3594 	struct evsel *evsel, *tmp;
3595 	struct parse_events_error err;
3596 	int ret;
3597 
3598 	parse_events_error__init(&err);
3599 	ret = parse_events(evlist, "probe:vfs_getname*", &err);
3600 	parse_events_error__exit(&err);
3601 	if (ret)
3602 		return false;
3603 
3604 	evlist__for_each_entry_safe(evlist, evsel, tmp) {
3605 		if (!strstarts(evsel__name(evsel), "probe:vfs_getname"))
3606 			continue;
3607 
3608 		if (evsel__field(evsel, "pathname")) {
3609 			evsel->handler = trace__vfs_getname;
3610 			found = true;
3611 			continue;
3612 		}
3613 
3614 		list_del_init(&evsel->core.node);
3615 		evsel->evlist = NULL;
3616 		evsel__delete(evsel);
3617 	}
3618 
3619 	return found;
3620 }
3621 
3622 static struct evsel *evsel__new_pgfault(u64 config)
3623 {
3624 	struct evsel *evsel;
3625 	struct perf_event_attr attr = {
3626 		.type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE,
3627 		.mmap_data = 1,
3628 	};
3629 
3630 	attr.config = config;
3631 	attr.sample_period = 1;
3632 
3633 	event_attr_init(&attr);
3634 
3635 	evsel = evsel__new(&attr);
3636 	if (evsel)
3637 		evsel->handler = trace__pgfault;
3638 
3639 	return evsel;
3640 }
3641 
3642 static void evlist__free_syscall_tp_fields(struct evlist *evlist)
3643 {
3644 	struct evsel *evsel;
3645 
3646 	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
3647 		evsel_trace__delete(evsel->priv);
3648 		evsel->priv = NULL;
3649 	}
3650 }
3651 
3652 static void trace__handle_event(struct trace *trace, union perf_event *event, struct perf_sample *sample)
3653 {
3654 	const u32 type = event->header.type;
3655 
3656 	if (type != PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE) {
3657 		trace__process_event(trace, trace->host, event, sample);
3658 		return;
3659 	}
3660 
3661 	if (sample->evsel == NULL)
3662 		sample->evsel = evlist__id2evsel(trace->evlist, sample->id);
3663 
3664 	if (sample->evsel == NULL) {
3665 		fprintf(trace->output, "Unknown tp ID %" PRIu64 ", skipping...\n", sample->id);
3666 		return;
3667 	}
3668 
3669 	if (evswitch__discard(&trace->evswitch, sample->evsel))
3670 		return;
3671 
3672 	trace__set_base_time(trace, sample);
3673 
3674 	if (sample->evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT &&
3675 	    sample->raw_data == NULL) {
3676 		fprintf(trace->output, "%s sample with no payload for tid: %d, cpu %d, raw_size=%d, skipping...\n",
3677 		       evsel__name(sample->evsel), sample->tid,
3678 		       sample->cpu, sample->raw_size);
3679 	} else {
3680 		tracepoint_handler handler = sample->evsel->handler;
3681 
3682 		handler(trace, event, sample);
3683 	}
3684 
3685 	if (trace->nr_events_printed >= trace->max_events && trace->max_events != ULONG_MAX)
3686 		interrupted = true;
3687 }
3688 
3689 static int trace__add_syscall_newtp(struct trace *trace)
3690 {
3691 	int ret = -1;
3692 	struct evlist *evlist = trace->evlist;
3693 	struct evsel *sys_enter, *sys_exit;
3694 
3695 	sys_enter = perf_evsel__raw_syscall_newtp("sys_enter", trace__sys_enter);
3696 	if (sys_enter == NULL)
3697 		goto out;
3698 
3699 	if (perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_ptr_field(sys_enter, args))
3700 		goto out_delete_sys_enter;
3701 
3702 	sys_exit = perf_evsel__raw_syscall_newtp("sys_exit", trace__sys_exit);
3703 	if (sys_exit == NULL)
3704 		goto out_delete_sys_enter;
3705 
3706 	if (perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(sys_exit, ret))
3707 		goto out_delete_sys_exit;
3708 
3709 	evsel__config_callchain(sys_enter, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
3710 	evsel__config_callchain(sys_exit, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
3711 
3712 	evlist__add(evlist, sys_enter);
3713 	evlist__add(evlist, sys_exit);
3714 
3715 	if (callchain_param.enabled && !trace->kernel_syscallchains) {
3716 		/*
3717 		 * We're interested only in the user space callchain
3718 		 * leading to the syscall, allow overriding that for
3719 		 * debugging reasons using --kernel_syscall_callchains
3720 		 */
3721 		sys_exit->core.attr.exclude_callchain_kernel = 1;
3722 	}
3723 
3724 	trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter = sys_enter;
3725 	trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit  = sys_exit;
3726 
3727 	ret = 0;
3728 out:
3729 	return ret;
3730 
3731 out_delete_sys_exit:
3732 	evsel__delete_priv(sys_exit);
3733 out_delete_sys_enter:
3734 	evsel__delete_priv(sys_enter);
3735 	goto out;
3736 }
3737 
3738 static int trace__set_ev_qualifier_tp_filter(struct trace *trace)
3739 {
3740 	int err = -1;
3741 	struct evsel *sys_exit;
3742 	char *filter = asprintf_expr_inout_ints("id", !trace->not_ev_qualifier,
3743 						trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr,
3744 						trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries);
3745 
3746 	if (filter == NULL)
3747 		goto out_enomem;
3748 
3749 	if (!evsel__append_tp_filter(trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter, filter)) {
3750 		sys_exit = trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit;
3751 		err = evsel__append_tp_filter(sys_exit, filter);
3752 	}
3753 
3754 	free(filter);
3755 out:
3756 	return err;
3757 out_enomem:
3758 	errno = ENOMEM;
3759 	goto out;
3760 }
3761 
3762 #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
3763 
3764 static struct bpf_program *unaugmented_prog;
3765 
3766 static int syscall_arg_fmt__cache_btf_struct(struct syscall_arg_fmt *arg_fmt, struct btf *btf, char *type)
3767 {
3768        int id;
3769 
3770 	if (arg_fmt->type != NULL)
3771 		return -1;
3772 
3773        id = btf__find_by_name(btf, type);
3774        if (id < 0)
3775 		return -1;
3776 
3777        arg_fmt->type    = btf__type_by_id(btf, id);
3778        arg_fmt->type_id = id;
3779 
3780        return 0;
3781 }
3782 
3783 static struct bpf_program *trace__find_syscall_bpf_prog(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused,
3784 							struct syscall *sc,
3785 							const char *prog_name, const char *type)
3786 {
3787 	struct bpf_program *prog;
3788 
3789 	if (prog_name == NULL) {
3790 		char default_prog_name[256];
3791 		scnprintf(default_prog_name, sizeof(default_prog_name), "tp/syscalls/sys_%s_%s", type, sc->name);
3792 		prog = augmented_syscalls__find_by_title(default_prog_name);
3793 		if (prog != NULL)
3794 			goto out_found;
3795 		if (sc->fmt && sc->fmt->alias) {
3796 			scnprintf(default_prog_name, sizeof(default_prog_name), "tp/syscalls/sys_%s_%s", type, sc->fmt->alias);
3797 			prog = augmented_syscalls__find_by_title(default_prog_name);
3798 			if (prog != NULL)
3799 				goto out_found;
3800 		}
3801 		goto out_unaugmented;
3802 	}
3803 
3804 	prog = augmented_syscalls__find_by_title(prog_name);
3805 
3806 	if (prog != NULL) {
3807 out_found:
3808 		return prog;
3809 	}
3810 
3811 	pr_debug("Couldn't find BPF prog \"%s\" to associate with syscalls:sys_%s_%s, not augmenting it\n",
3812 		 prog_name, type, sc->name);
3813 out_unaugmented:
3814 	return unaugmented_prog;
3815 }
3816 
3817 static void trace__init_syscall_bpf_progs(struct trace *trace, int e_machine, int id)
3818 {
3819 	struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, NULL, e_machine, id);
3820 
3821 	if (sc == NULL)
3822 		return;
3823 
3824 	sc->bpf_prog.sys_enter = trace__find_syscall_bpf_prog(trace, sc, sc->fmt ? sc->fmt->bpf_prog_name.sys_enter : NULL, "enter");
3825 	sc->bpf_prog.sys_exit  = trace__find_syscall_bpf_prog(trace, sc, sc->fmt ? sc->fmt->bpf_prog_name.sys_exit  : NULL,  "exit");
3826 }
3827 
3828 static int trace__bpf_prog_sys_enter_fd(struct trace *trace, int e_machine, int id)
3829 {
3830 	struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, NULL, e_machine, id);
3831 	return sc ? bpf_program__fd(sc->bpf_prog.sys_enter) : bpf_program__fd(unaugmented_prog);
3832 }
3833 
3834 static int trace__bpf_prog_sys_exit_fd(struct trace *trace, int e_machine, int id)
3835 {
3836 	struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, NULL, e_machine, id);
3837 	return sc ? bpf_program__fd(sc->bpf_prog.sys_exit) : bpf_program__fd(unaugmented_prog);
3838 }
3839 
3840 static int trace__bpf_sys_enter_beauty_map(struct trace *trace, int e_machine, int key, unsigned int *beauty_array)
3841 {
3842 	struct tep_format_field *field;
3843 	struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, NULL, e_machine, key);
3844 	const struct btf_type *bt;
3845 	char *struct_offset, *tmp, name[32];
3846 	bool can_augment = false;
3847 	int i, cnt;
3848 
3849 	if (sc == NULL)
3850 		return -1;
3851 
3852 	trace__load_vmlinux_btf(trace);
3853 	if (trace->btf == NULL)
3854 		return -1;
3855 
3856 	for (i = 0, field = sc->args; field; ++i, field = field->next) {
3857 		// XXX We're only collecting pointer payloads _from_ user space
3858 		if (!sc->arg_fmt[i].from_user)
3859 			continue;
3860 
3861 		struct_offset = strstr(field->type, "struct ");
3862 		if (struct_offset == NULL)
3863 			struct_offset = strstr(field->type, "union ");
3864 		else
3865 			struct_offset++; // "union" is shorter
3866 
3867 		if (field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER && struct_offset) { /* struct or union (think BPF's attr arg) */
3868 			struct_offset += 6;
3869 
3870 			/* for 'struct foo *', we only want 'foo' */
3871 			for (tmp = struct_offset, cnt = 0; *tmp != ' ' && *tmp != '\0'; ++tmp, ++cnt) {
3872 			}
3873 
3874 			strncpy(name, struct_offset, cnt);
3875 			name[cnt] = '\0';
3876 
3877 			/* cache struct's btf_type and type_id */
3878 			if (syscall_arg_fmt__cache_btf_struct(&sc->arg_fmt[i], trace->btf, name))
3879 				continue;
3880 
3881 			bt = sc->arg_fmt[i].type;
3882 			beauty_array[i] = bt->size;
3883 			can_augment = true;
3884 		} else if (field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER && /* string */
3885 			   strcmp(field->type, "const char *") == 0 &&
3886 			   (strstr(field->name, "name") ||
3887 			    strstr(field->name, "path") ||
3888 			    strstr(field->name, "file") ||
3889 			    strstr(field->name, "root") ||
3890 			    strstr(field->name, "key") ||
3891 			    strstr(field->name, "special") ||
3892 			    strstr(field->name, "type") ||
3893 			    strstr(field->name, "description"))) {
3894 			beauty_array[i] = 1;
3895 			can_augment = true;
3896 		} else if (field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER && /* buffer */
3897 			   strstr(field->type, "char *") &&
3898 			   (strstr(field->name, "buf") ||
3899 			    strstr(field->name, "val") ||
3900 			    strstr(field->name, "msg"))) {
3901 			int j;
3902 			struct tep_format_field *field_tmp;
3903 
3904 			/* find the size of the buffer that appears in pairs with buf */
3905 			for (j = 0, field_tmp = sc->args; field_tmp; ++j, field_tmp = field_tmp->next) {
3906 				if (!(field_tmp->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER) && /* only integers */
3907 				    (strstr(field_tmp->name, "count") ||
3908 				     strstr(field_tmp->name, "siz") ||  /* size, bufsiz */
3909 				     (strstr(field_tmp->name, "len") && strcmp(field_tmp->name, "filename")))) {
3910 					 /* filename's got 'len' in it, we don't want that */
3911 					beauty_array[i] = -(j + 1);
3912 					can_augment = true;
3913 					break;
3914 				}
3915 			}
3916 		}
3917 	}
3918 
3919 	if (can_augment)
3920 		return 0;
3921 
3922 	return -1;
3923 }
3924 
3925 static struct bpf_program *trace__find_usable_bpf_prog_entry(struct trace *trace,
3926 							     struct syscall *sc)
3927 {
3928 	struct tep_format_field *field, *candidate_field;
3929 	/*
3930 	 * We're only interested in syscalls that have a pointer:
3931 	 */
3932 	for (field = sc->args; field; field = field->next) {
3933 		if (field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER)
3934 			goto try_to_find_pair;
3935 	}
3936 
3937 	return NULL;
3938 
3939 try_to_find_pair:
3940 	for (int i = 0, num_idx = syscalltbl__num_idx(sc->e_machine); i < num_idx; ++i) {
3941 		int id = syscalltbl__id_at_idx(sc->e_machine, i);
3942 		struct syscall *pair = trace__syscall_info(trace, NULL, sc->e_machine, id);
3943 		struct bpf_program *pair_prog;
3944 		bool is_candidate = false;
3945 
3946 		if (pair == NULL || pair->id == sc->id ||
3947 		    pair->bpf_prog.sys_enter == unaugmented_prog)
3948 			continue;
3949 
3950 		for (field = sc->args, candidate_field = pair->args;
3951 		     field && candidate_field; field = field->next, candidate_field = candidate_field->next) {
3952 			bool is_pointer = field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER,
3953 			     candidate_is_pointer = candidate_field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER;
3954 
3955 			if (is_pointer) {
3956 			       if (!candidate_is_pointer) {
3957 					// The candidate just doesn't copies our pointer arg, might copy other pointers we want.
3958 					continue;
3959 			       }
3960 			} else {
3961 				if (candidate_is_pointer) {
3962 					// The candidate might copy a pointer we don't have, skip it.
3963 					goto next_candidate;
3964 				}
3965 				continue;
3966 			}
3967 
3968 			if (strcmp(field->type, candidate_field->type))
3969 				goto next_candidate;
3970 
3971 			/*
3972 			 * This is limited in the BPF program but sys_write
3973 			 * uses "const char *" for its "buf" arg so we need to
3974 			 * use some heuristic that is kinda future proof...
3975 			 */
3976 			if (strcmp(field->type, "const char *") == 0 &&
3977 			    !(strstr(field->name, "name") ||
3978 			      strstr(field->name, "path") ||
3979 			      strstr(field->name, "file") ||
3980 			      strstr(field->name, "root") ||
3981 			      strstr(field->name, "description")))
3982 				goto next_candidate;
3983 
3984 			is_candidate = true;
3985 		}
3986 
3987 		if (!is_candidate)
3988 			goto next_candidate;
3989 
3990 		/*
3991 		 * Check if the tentative pair syscall augmenter has more pointers, if it has,
3992 		 * then it may be collecting that and we then can't use it, as it would collect
3993 		 * more than what is common to the two syscalls.
3994 		 */
3995 		if (candidate_field) {
3996 			for (candidate_field = candidate_field->next; candidate_field; candidate_field = candidate_field->next)
3997 				if (candidate_field->flags & TEP_FIELD_IS_POINTER)
3998 					goto next_candidate;
3999 		}
4000 
4001 		pair_prog = pair->bpf_prog.sys_enter;
4002 		/*
4003 		 * If the pair isn't enabled, then its bpf_prog.sys_enter will not
4004 		 * have been searched for, so search it here and if it returns the
4005 		 * unaugmented one, then ignore it, otherwise we'll reuse that BPF
4006 		 * program for a filtered syscall on a non-filtered one.
4007 		 *
4008 		 * For instance, we have "!syscalls:sys_enter_renameat" and that is
4009 		 * useful for "renameat2".
4010 		 */
4011 		if (pair_prog == NULL) {
4012 			pair_prog = trace__find_syscall_bpf_prog(trace, pair, pair->fmt ? pair->fmt->bpf_prog_name.sys_enter : NULL, "enter");
4013 			if (pair_prog == unaugmented_prog)
4014 				goto next_candidate;
4015 		}
4016 
4017 		pr_debug("Reusing \"%s\" BPF sys_enter augmenter for \"%s\"\n", pair->name,
4018 			 sc->name);
4019 		return pair_prog;
4020 	next_candidate:
4021 		continue;
4022 	}
4023 
4024 	return NULL;
4025 }
4026 
4027 static int trace__init_syscalls_bpf_prog_array_maps(struct trace *trace, int e_machine)
4028 {
4029 	int map_enter_fd;
4030 	int map_exit_fd;
4031 	int beauty_map_fd;
4032 	int err = 0;
4033 	unsigned int beauty_array[6];
4034 
4035 	if (augmented_syscalls__get_map_fds(&map_enter_fd, &map_exit_fd, &beauty_map_fd) < 0)
4036 		return -1;
4037 
4038 	unaugmented_prog = augmented_syscalls__unaugmented();
4039 
4040 	for (int i = 0, num_idx = syscalltbl__num_idx(e_machine); i < num_idx; ++i) {
4041 		int prog_fd, key = syscalltbl__id_at_idx(e_machine, i);
4042 
4043 		if (!trace__syscall_enabled(trace, key))
4044 			continue;
4045 
4046 		trace__init_syscall_bpf_progs(trace, e_machine, key);
4047 
4048 		// It'll get at least the "!raw_syscalls:unaugmented"
4049 		prog_fd = trace__bpf_prog_sys_enter_fd(trace, e_machine, key);
4050 		err = bpf_map_update_elem(map_enter_fd, &key, &prog_fd, BPF_ANY);
4051 		if (err)
4052 			break;
4053 		prog_fd = trace__bpf_prog_sys_exit_fd(trace, e_machine, key);
4054 		err = bpf_map_update_elem(map_exit_fd, &key, &prog_fd, BPF_ANY);
4055 		if (err)
4056 			break;
4057 
4058 		/* use beauty_map to tell BPF how many bytes to collect, set beauty_map's value here */
4059 		memset(beauty_array, 0, sizeof(beauty_array));
4060 		err = trace__bpf_sys_enter_beauty_map(trace, e_machine, key, (unsigned int *)beauty_array);
4061 		if (err)
4062 			continue;
4063 		err = bpf_map_update_elem(beauty_map_fd, &key, beauty_array, BPF_ANY);
4064 		if (err)
4065 			break;
4066 	}
4067 
4068 	/*
4069 	 * Now lets do a second pass looking for enabled syscalls without
4070 	 * an augmenter that have a signature that is a superset of another
4071 	 * syscall with an augmenter so that we can auto-reuse it.
4072 	 *
4073 	 * I.e. if we have an augmenter for the "open" syscall that has
4074 	 * this signature:
4075 	 *
4076 	 *   int open(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode);
4077 	 *
4078 	 * I.e. that will collect just the first string argument, then we
4079 	 * can reuse it for the 'creat' syscall, that has this signature:
4080 	 *
4081 	 *   int creat(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
4082 	 *
4083 	 * and for:
4084 	 *
4085 	 *   int stat(const char *pathname, struct stat *statbuf);
4086 	 *   int lstat(const char *pathname, struct stat *statbuf);
4087 	 *
4088 	 * Because the 'open' augmenter will collect the first arg as a string,
4089 	 * and leave alone all the other args, which already helps with
4090 	 * beautifying 'stat' and 'lstat''s pathname arg.
4091 	 *
4092 	 * Then, in time, when 'stat' gets an augmenter that collects both
4093 	 * first and second arg (this one on the raw_syscalls:sys_exit prog
4094 	 * array tail call, then that one will be used.
4095 	 */
4096 	for (int i = 0, num_idx = syscalltbl__num_idx(e_machine); i < num_idx; ++i) {
4097 		int key = syscalltbl__id_at_idx(e_machine, i);
4098 		struct syscall *sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, NULL, e_machine, key);
4099 		struct bpf_program *pair_prog;
4100 		int prog_fd;
4101 
4102 		if (sc == NULL || sc->bpf_prog.sys_enter == NULL)
4103 			continue;
4104 
4105 		/*
4106 		 * For now we're just reusing the sys_enter prog, and if it
4107 		 * already has an augmenter, we don't need to find one.
4108 		 */
4109 		if (sc->bpf_prog.sys_enter != unaugmented_prog)
4110 			continue;
4111 
4112 		/*
4113 		 * Look at all the other syscalls for one that has a signature
4114 		 * that is close enough that we can share:
4115 		 */
4116 		pair_prog = trace__find_usable_bpf_prog_entry(trace, sc);
4117 		if (pair_prog == NULL)
4118 			continue;
4119 
4120 		sc->bpf_prog.sys_enter = pair_prog;
4121 
4122 		/*
4123 		 * Update the BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_SHARED for raw_syscalls:sys_enter
4124 		 * with the fd for the program we're reusing:
4125 		 */
4126 		prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(sc->bpf_prog.sys_enter);
4127 		err = bpf_map_update_elem(map_enter_fd, &key, &prog_fd, BPF_ANY);
4128 		if (err)
4129 			break;
4130 	}
4131 
4132 	return err;
4133 }
4134 #else // !HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
4135 static int trace__init_syscalls_bpf_prog_array_maps(struct trace *trace __maybe_unused,
4136 						    int e_machine __maybe_unused)
4137 {
4138 	return -1;
4139 }
4140 #endif // HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
4141 
4142 static int trace__set_ev_qualifier_filter(struct trace *trace)
4143 {
4144 	if (trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter)
4145 		return trace__set_ev_qualifier_tp_filter(trace);
4146 	return 0;
4147 }
4148 
4149 static int trace__set_filter_loop_pids(struct trace *trace)
4150 {
4151 	unsigned int nr = 1, err;
4152 	pid_t pids[32] = {
4153 		getpid(),
4154 	};
4155 	struct thread *thread = machine__find_thread(trace->host, pids[0], pids[0]);
4156 
4157 	while (thread && nr < ARRAY_SIZE(pids)) {
4158 		struct thread *parent = machine__find_thread(trace->host,
4159 							     thread__ppid(thread),
4160 							     thread__ppid(thread));
4161 
4162 		if (parent == NULL)
4163 			break;
4164 
4165 		if (!strcmp(thread__comm_str(parent), "sshd") ||
4166 		    strstarts(thread__comm_str(parent), "gnome-terminal")) {
4167 			pids[nr++] = thread__tid(parent);
4168 			thread__put(parent);
4169 			break;
4170 		}
4171 		thread__put(thread);
4172 		thread = parent;
4173 	}
4174 	thread__put(thread);
4175 
4176 	err = evlist__append_tp_filter_pids(trace->evlist, nr, pids);
4177 	if (!err)
4178 		err = augmented_syscalls__set_filter_pids(nr, pids);
4179 
4180 	return err;
4181 }
4182 
4183 static int trace__set_filter_pids(struct trace *trace)
4184 {
4185 	int err = 0;
4186 	/*
4187 	 * Better not use !target__has_task() here because we need to cover the
4188 	 * case where no threads were specified in the command line, but a
4189 	 * workload was, and in that case we will fill in the thread_map when
4190 	 * we fork the workload in evlist__prepare_workload.
4191 	 */
4192 	if (trace->filter_pids.nr > 0) {
4193 		err = evlist__append_tp_filter_pids(trace->evlist, trace->filter_pids.nr,
4194 						    trace->filter_pids.entries);
4195 		if (!err) {
4196 			err = augmented_syscalls__set_filter_pids(trace->filter_pids.nr,
4197 						       trace->filter_pids.entries);
4198 		}
4199 	} else if (perf_thread_map__pid(trace->evlist->core.threads, 0) == -1) {
4200 		err = trace__set_filter_loop_pids(trace);
4201 	}
4202 
4203 	return err;
4204 }
4205 
4206 static int __trace__deliver_event(struct trace *trace, union perf_event *event)
4207 {
4208 	struct evlist *evlist = trace->evlist;
4209 	struct perf_sample sample;
4210 	int err;
4211 
4212 	perf_sample__init(&sample, /*all=*/false);
4213 	err = evlist__parse_sample(evlist, event, &sample);
4214 	if (err)
4215 		fprintf(trace->output, "Can't parse sample, err = %d, skipping...\n", err);
4216 	else
4217 		trace__handle_event(trace, event, &sample);
4218 
4219 	perf_sample__exit(&sample);
4220 	return 0;
4221 }
4222 
4223 static int __trace__flush_events(struct trace *trace)
4224 {
4225 	u64 first = ordered_events__first_time(&trace->oe.data);
4226 	u64 flush = trace->oe.last - NSEC_PER_SEC;
4227 
4228 	/* Is there some thing to flush.. */
4229 	if (first && first < flush)
4230 		return ordered_events__flush_time(&trace->oe.data, flush);
4231 
4232 	return 0;
4233 }
4234 
4235 static int trace__flush_events(struct trace *trace)
4236 {
4237 	return !trace->sort_events ? 0 : __trace__flush_events(trace);
4238 }
4239 
4240 static int trace__deliver_event(struct trace *trace, union perf_event *event)
4241 {
4242 	int err;
4243 
4244 	if (!trace->sort_events)
4245 		return __trace__deliver_event(trace, event);
4246 
4247 	err = evlist__parse_sample_timestamp(trace->evlist, event, &trace->oe.last);
4248 	if (err && err != -1)
4249 		return err;
4250 
4251 	err = ordered_events__queue(&trace->oe.data, event, trace->oe.last, 0, NULL);
4252 	if (err)
4253 		return err;
4254 
4255 	return trace__flush_events(trace);
4256 }
4257 
4258 static int ordered_events__deliver_event(struct ordered_events *oe,
4259 					 struct ordered_event *event)
4260 {
4261 	struct trace *trace = container_of(oe, struct trace, oe.data);
4262 
4263 	return __trace__deliver_event(trace, event->event);
4264 }
4265 
4266 static struct syscall_arg_fmt *evsel__find_syscall_arg_fmt_by_name(struct evsel *evsel, char *arg,
4267 								   char **type)
4268 {
4269 	struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt = __evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);
4270 	const struct tep_event *tp_format;
4271 
4272 	if (!fmt)
4273 		return NULL;
4274 
4275 	tp_format = evsel__tp_format(evsel);
4276 	if (!tp_format)
4277 		return NULL;
4278 
4279 	for (const struct tep_format_field *field = tp_format->format.fields; field;
4280 	     field = field->next, ++fmt) {
4281 		if (strcmp(field->name, arg) == 0) {
4282 			*type = field->type;
4283 			return fmt;
4284 		}
4285 	}
4286 
4287 	return NULL;
4288 }
4289 
4290 static int trace__expand_filter(struct trace *trace, struct evsel *evsel)
4291 {
4292 	char *tok, *left = evsel->filter, *new_filter = evsel->filter;
4293 
4294 	while ((tok = strpbrk(left, "=<>!")) != NULL) {
4295 		char *right = tok + 1, *right_end;
4296 
4297 		if (*right == '=')
4298 			++right;
4299 
4300 		while (isspace(*right))
4301 			++right;
4302 
4303 		if (*right == '\0')
4304 			break;
4305 
4306 		while (!isalpha(*left))
4307 			if (++left == tok) {
4308 				/*
4309 				 * Bail out, can't find the name of the argument that is being
4310 				 * used in the filter, let it try to set this filter, will fail later.
4311 				 */
4312 				return 0;
4313 			}
4314 
4315 		right_end = right + 1;
4316 		while (isalnum(*right_end) || *right_end == '_' || *right_end == '|')
4317 			++right_end;
4318 
4319 		if (isalpha(*right)) {
4320 			struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt;
4321 			int left_size = tok - left,
4322 			    right_size = right_end - right;
4323 			char arg[128], *type;
4324 
4325 			while (isspace(left[left_size - 1]))
4326 				--left_size;
4327 
4328 			scnprintf(arg, sizeof(arg), "%.*s", left_size, left);
4329 
4330 			fmt = evsel__find_syscall_arg_fmt_by_name(evsel, arg, &type);
4331 			if (fmt == NULL) {
4332 				pr_err("\"%s\" not found in \"%s\", can't set filter \"%s\"\n",
4333 				       arg, evsel->name, evsel->filter);
4334 				return -1;
4335 			}
4336 
4337 			pr_debug2("trying to expand \"%s\" \"%.*s\" \"%.*s\" -> ",
4338 				 arg, (int)(right - tok), tok, right_size, right);
4339 
4340 			if (fmt->strtoul) {
4341 				u64 val;
4342 				struct syscall_arg syscall_arg = {
4343 					.trace = trace,
4344 					.fmt   = fmt,
4345 					.type_name = type,
4346 					.parm = fmt->parm,
4347 				};
4348 
4349 				if (fmt->strtoul(right, right_size, &syscall_arg, &val)) {
4350 					char *n, expansion[19];
4351 					int expansion_lenght = scnprintf(expansion, sizeof(expansion), "%#" PRIx64, val);
4352 					int expansion_offset = right - new_filter;
4353 
4354 					pr_debug("%s", expansion);
4355 
4356 					if (asprintf(&n, "%.*s%s%s", expansion_offset, new_filter, expansion, right_end) < 0) {
4357 						pr_debug(" out of memory!\n");
4358 						free(new_filter);
4359 						return -1;
4360 					}
4361 					if (new_filter != evsel->filter)
4362 						free(new_filter);
4363 					left = n + expansion_offset + expansion_lenght;
4364 					new_filter = n;
4365 				} else {
4366 					pr_err("\"%.*s\" not found for \"%s\" in \"%s\", can't set filter \"%s\"\n",
4367 					       right_size, right, arg, evsel->name, evsel->filter);
4368 					return -1;
4369 				}
4370 			} else {
4371 				pr_err("No resolver (strtoul) for \"%s\" in \"%s\", can't set filter \"%s\"\n",
4372 				       arg, evsel->name, evsel->filter);
4373 				return -1;
4374 			}
4375 
4376 			pr_debug("\n");
4377 		} else {
4378 			left = right_end;
4379 		}
4380 	}
4381 
4382 	if (new_filter != evsel->filter) {
4383 		pr_debug("New filter for %s: %s\n", evsel->name, new_filter);
4384 		evsel__set_filter(evsel, new_filter);
4385 		free(new_filter);
4386 	}
4387 
4388 	return 0;
4389 }
4390 
4391 static int trace__expand_filters(struct trace *trace, struct evsel **err_evsel)
4392 {
4393 	struct evlist *evlist = trace->evlist;
4394 	struct evsel *evsel;
4395 
4396 	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
4397 		if (evsel->filter == NULL)
4398 			continue;
4399 
4400 		if (trace__expand_filter(trace, evsel)) {
4401 			*err_evsel = evsel;
4402 			return -1;
4403 		}
4404 	}
4405 
4406 	return 0;
4407 }
4408 
4409 static int trace__run(struct trace *trace, int argc, const char **argv)
4410 {
4411 	struct evlist *evlist = trace->evlist;
4412 	struct evsel *evsel, *pgfault_maj = NULL, *pgfault_min = NULL;
4413 	int err = -1, i;
4414 	unsigned long before;
4415 	const bool forks = argc > 0;
4416 	bool draining = false;
4417 
4418 	trace->live = true;
4419 
4420 	if (trace->summary_bpf) {
4421 		if (trace_prepare_bpf_summary(trace->summary_mode) < 0)
4422 			goto out_delete_evlist;
4423 
4424 		if (trace->summary_only)
4425 			goto create_maps;
4426 	}
4427 
4428 	if (!trace->raw_augmented_syscalls) {
4429 		if (trace->trace_syscalls && trace__add_syscall_newtp(trace))
4430 			goto out_error_raw_syscalls;
4431 
4432 		if (trace->trace_syscalls)
4433 			trace->vfs_getname = evlist__add_vfs_getname(evlist);
4434 	}
4435 
4436 	if ((trace->trace_pgfaults & TRACE_PFMAJ)) {
4437 		pgfault_maj = evsel__new_pgfault(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ);
4438 		if (pgfault_maj == NULL)
4439 			goto out_error_mem;
4440 		evsel__config_callchain(pgfault_maj, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
4441 		evlist__add(evlist, pgfault_maj);
4442 	}
4443 
4444 	if ((trace->trace_pgfaults & TRACE_PFMIN)) {
4445 		pgfault_min = evsel__new_pgfault(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN);
4446 		if (pgfault_min == NULL)
4447 			goto out_error_mem;
4448 		evsel__config_callchain(pgfault_min, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
4449 		evlist__add(evlist, pgfault_min);
4450 	}
4451 
4452 	/* Enable ignoring missing threads when -p option is defined. */
4453 	trace->opts.ignore_missing_thread = trace->opts.target.pid;
4454 
4455 	if (trace->sched &&
4456 	    evlist__add_newtp(evlist, "sched", "sched_stat_runtime", trace__sched_stat_runtime))
4457 		goto out_error_sched_stat_runtime;
4458 	/*
4459 	 * If a global cgroup was set, apply it to all the events without an
4460 	 * explicit cgroup. I.e.:
4461 	 *
4462 	 * 	trace -G A -e sched:*switch
4463 	 *
4464 	 * Will set all raw_syscalls:sys_{enter,exit}, pgfault, vfs_getname, etc
4465 	 * _and_ sched:sched_switch to the 'A' cgroup, while:
4466 	 *
4467 	 * trace -e sched:*switch -G A
4468 	 *
4469 	 * will only set the sched:sched_switch event to the 'A' cgroup, all the
4470 	 * other events (raw_syscalls:sys_{enter,exit}, etc are left "without"
4471 	 * a cgroup (on the root cgroup, sys wide, etc).
4472 	 *
4473 	 * Multiple cgroups:
4474 	 *
4475 	 * trace -G A -e sched:*switch -G B
4476 	 *
4477 	 * the syscall ones go to the 'A' cgroup, the sched:sched_switch goes
4478 	 * to the 'B' cgroup.
4479 	 *
4480 	 * evlist__set_default_cgroup() grabs a reference of the passed cgroup
4481 	 * only for the evsels still without a cgroup, i.e. evsel->cgroup == NULL.
4482 	 */
4483 	if (trace->cgroup)
4484 		evlist__set_default_cgroup(trace->evlist, trace->cgroup);
4485 
4486 create_maps:
4487 	err = evlist__create_maps(evlist, &trace->opts.target);
4488 	if (err < 0) {
4489 		fprintf(trace->output, "Problems parsing the target to trace, check your options!\n");
4490 		goto out_delete_evlist;
4491 	}
4492 
4493 	err = trace__symbols_init(trace, argc, argv, evlist);
4494 	if (err < 0) {
4495 		fprintf(trace->output, "Problems initializing symbol libraries!\n");
4496 		goto out_delete_evlist;
4497 	}
4498 
4499 	if (trace->summary_mode == SUMMARY__BY_TOTAL && !trace->summary_bpf) {
4500 		trace->syscall_stats = alloc_syscall_stats();
4501 		if (!trace->syscall_stats)
4502 			goto out_delete_evlist;
4503 	}
4504 
4505 	evlist__config(evlist, &trace->opts, &callchain_param);
4506 
4507 	if (forks) {
4508 		err = evlist__prepare_workload(evlist, &trace->opts.target, argv, false, NULL);
4509 		if (err < 0) {
4510 			fprintf(trace->output, "Couldn't run the workload!\n");
4511 			goto out_delete_evlist;
4512 		}
4513 		workload_pid = evlist->workload.pid;
4514 	}
4515 
4516 	err = evlist__open(evlist);
4517 	if (err < 0)
4518 		goto out_error_open;
4519 
4520 	augmented_syscalls__setup_bpf_output();
4521 
4522 	err = trace__set_filter_pids(trace);
4523 	if (err < 0)
4524 		goto out_error_mem;
4525 
4526 	/*
4527 	 * TODO: Initialize for all host binary machine types, not just
4528 	 * those matching the perf binary.
4529 	 */
4530 	trace__init_syscalls_bpf_prog_array_maps(trace, EM_HOST);
4531 
4532 	if (trace->ev_qualifier_ids.nr > 0) {
4533 		err = trace__set_ev_qualifier_filter(trace);
4534 		if (err < 0)
4535 			goto out_errno;
4536 
4537 		if (trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit) {
4538 			pr_debug("event qualifier tracepoint filter: %s\n",
4539 				 trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit->filter);
4540 		}
4541 	}
4542 
4543 	/*
4544 	 * If the "close" syscall is not traced, then we will not have the
4545 	 * opportunity to, in syscall_arg__scnprintf_close_fd() invalidate the
4546 	 * fd->pathname table and were ending up showing the last value set by
4547 	 * syscalls opening a pathname and associating it with a descriptor or
4548 	 * reading it from /proc/pid/fd/ in cases where that doesn't make
4549 	 * sense.
4550 	 *
4551 	 *  So just disable this beautifier (SCA_FD, SCA_FDAT) when 'close' is
4552 	 *  not in use.
4553 	 */
4554 	/* TODO: support for more than just perf binary machine type close. */
4555 	trace->fd_path_disabled = !trace__syscall_enabled(trace, syscalltbl__id(EM_HOST, "close"));
4556 
4557 	err = trace__expand_filters(trace, &evsel);
4558 	if (err)
4559 		goto out_delete_evlist;
4560 	err = evlist__apply_filters(evlist, &evsel, &trace->opts.target);
4561 	if (err < 0)
4562 		goto out_error_apply_filters;
4563 
4564 	if (!trace->summary_only || !trace->summary_bpf) {
4565 		err = evlist__mmap(evlist, trace->opts.mmap_pages);
4566 		if (err < 0)
4567 			goto out_error_mmap;
4568 	}
4569 
4570 	if (!target__none(&trace->opts.target) && !trace->opts.target.initial_delay)
4571 		evlist__enable(evlist);
4572 
4573 	if (forks)
4574 		evlist__start_workload(evlist);
4575 
4576 	if (trace->opts.target.initial_delay) {
4577 		usleep(trace->opts.target.initial_delay * 1000);
4578 		evlist__enable(evlist);
4579 	}
4580 
4581 	if (trace->summary_bpf)
4582 		trace_start_bpf_summary();
4583 
4584 	trace->multiple_threads = perf_thread_map__pid(evlist->core.threads, 0) == -1 ||
4585 		perf_thread_map__nr(evlist->core.threads) > 1 ||
4586 		evlist__first(evlist)->core.attr.inherit;
4587 
4588 	/*
4589 	 * Now that we already used evsel->core.attr to ask the kernel to setup the
4590 	 * events, lets reuse evsel->core.attr.sample_max_stack as the limit in
4591 	 * trace__resolve_callchain(), allowing per-event max-stack settings
4592 	 * to override an explicitly set --max-stack global setting.
4593 	 */
4594 	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
4595 		if (evsel__has_callchain(evsel) &&
4596 		    evsel->core.attr.sample_max_stack == 0)
4597 			evsel->core.attr.sample_max_stack = trace->max_stack;
4598 	}
4599 again:
4600 	before = trace->nr_events;
4601 
4602 	for (i = 0; i < evlist->core.nr_mmaps; i++) {
4603 		union perf_event *event;
4604 		struct mmap *md;
4605 
4606 		md = &evlist->mmap[i];
4607 		if (perf_mmap__read_init(&md->core) < 0)
4608 			continue;
4609 
4610 		while ((event = perf_mmap__read_event(&md->core)) != NULL) {
4611 			++trace->nr_events;
4612 
4613 			err = trace__deliver_event(trace, event);
4614 			if (err)
4615 				goto out_disable;
4616 
4617 			perf_mmap__consume(&md->core);
4618 
4619 			if (interrupted)
4620 				goto out_disable;
4621 
4622 			if (done && !draining) {
4623 				evlist__disable(evlist);
4624 				draining = true;
4625 			}
4626 		}
4627 		perf_mmap__read_done(&md->core);
4628 	}
4629 
4630 	if (trace->nr_events == before) {
4631 		int timeout = done ? 100 : -1;
4632 
4633 		if (!draining && evlist__poll(evlist, timeout) > 0) {
4634 			if (evlist__filter_pollfd(evlist, POLLERR | POLLHUP | POLLNVAL) == 0)
4635 				draining = true;
4636 
4637 			goto again;
4638 		} else {
4639 			if (trace__flush_events(trace))
4640 				goto out_disable;
4641 		}
4642 	} else {
4643 		goto again;
4644 	}
4645 
4646 out_disable:
4647 	thread__zput(trace->current);
4648 
4649 	evlist__disable(evlist);
4650 
4651 	if (trace->summary_bpf)
4652 		trace_end_bpf_summary();
4653 
4654 	if (trace->sort_events)
4655 		ordered_events__flush(&trace->oe.data, OE_FLUSH__FINAL);
4656 
4657 	if (!err) {
4658 		if (trace->summary) {
4659 			if (trace->summary_bpf)
4660 				trace_print_bpf_summary(trace->output, trace->max_summary);
4661 			else if (trace->summary_mode == SUMMARY__BY_TOTAL)
4662 				trace__fprintf_total_summary(trace, trace->output);
4663 			else
4664 				trace__fprintf_thread_summary(trace, trace->output);
4665 		}
4666 
4667 		if (trace->show_tool_stats) {
4668 			fprintf(trace->output, "Stats:\n "
4669 					       " vfs_getname : %" PRIu64 "\n"
4670 					       " proc_getname: %" PRIu64 "\n",
4671 				trace->stats.vfs_getname,
4672 				trace->stats.proc_getname);
4673 		}
4674 	}
4675 
4676 out_delete_evlist:
4677 	trace_cleanup_bpf_summary();
4678 	delete_syscall_stats(trace->syscall_stats);
4679 	trace__symbols__exit(trace);
4680 	evlist__free_syscall_tp_fields(evlist);
4681 	evlist__delete(evlist);
4682 	cgroup__put(trace->cgroup);
4683 	trace->evlist = NULL;
4684 	trace->live = false;
4685 	return err;
4686 {
4687 	char errbuf[BUFSIZ];
4688 
4689 out_error_sched_stat_runtime:
4690 	tracing_path__strerror_open_tp(errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "sched", "sched_stat_runtime");
4691 	goto out_error;
4692 
4693 out_error_raw_syscalls:
4694 	tracing_path__strerror_open_tp(errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), "raw_syscalls", "sys_(enter|exit)");
4695 	goto out_error;
4696 
4697 out_error_mmap:
4698 	evlist__strerror_mmap(evlist, errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
4699 	goto out_error;
4700 
4701 out_error_open:
4702 	evlist__strerror_open(evlist, errno, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
4703 
4704 out_error:
4705 	fprintf(trace->output, "%s\n", errbuf);
4706 	goto out_delete_evlist;
4707 
4708 out_error_apply_filters:
4709 	fprintf(trace->output,
4710 		"Failed to set filter \"%s\" on event %s: %m\n",
4711 		evsel->filter, evsel__name(evsel));
4712 	goto out_delete_evlist;
4713 }
4714 out_error_mem:
4715 	fprintf(trace->output, "Not enough memory to run!\n");
4716 	goto out_delete_evlist;
4717 
4718 out_errno:
4719 	fprintf(trace->output, "%m\n");
4720 	goto out_delete_evlist;
4721 }
4722 
4723 static int trace__replay(struct trace *trace)
4724 {
4725 	const struct evsel_str_handler handlers[] = {
4726 		{ "probe:vfs_getname",	     trace__vfs_getname, },
4727 	};
4728 	struct perf_data data = {
4729 		.path  = input_name,
4730 		.mode  = PERF_DATA_MODE_READ,
4731 		.force = trace->force,
4732 	};
4733 	struct perf_session *session;
4734 	struct evsel *evsel;
4735 	int err = -1;
4736 
4737 	perf_tool__init(&trace->tool, /*ordered_events=*/true);
4738 	trace->tool.sample	  = trace__process_sample;
4739 	trace->tool.mmap	  = perf_event__process_mmap;
4740 	trace->tool.mmap2	  = perf_event__process_mmap2;
4741 	trace->tool.comm	  = perf_event__process_comm;
4742 	trace->tool.exit	  = perf_event__process_exit;
4743 	trace->tool.fork	  = perf_event__process_fork;
4744 	trace->tool.attr	  = perf_event__process_attr;
4745 	trace->tool.tracing_data  = perf_event__process_tracing_data;
4746 	trace->tool.build_id	  = perf_event__process_build_id;
4747 	trace->tool.namespaces	  = perf_event__process_namespaces;
4748 
4749 	trace->tool.ordered_events = true;
4750 	trace->tool.ordering_requires_timestamps = true;
4751 
4752 	/* add tid to output */
4753 	trace->multiple_threads = true;
4754 
4755 	session = perf_session__new(&data, &trace->tool);
4756 	if (IS_ERR(session))
4757 		return PTR_ERR(session);
4758 
4759 	if (trace->opts.target.pid)
4760 		symbol_conf.pid_list_str = strdup(trace->opts.target.pid);
4761 
4762 	if (trace->opts.target.tid)
4763 		symbol_conf.tid_list_str = strdup(trace->opts.target.tid);
4764 
4765 	if (symbol__init(perf_session__env(session)) < 0)
4766 		goto out;
4767 
4768 	trace->host = &session->machines.host;
4769 
4770 	err = perf_session__set_tracepoints_handlers(session, handlers);
4771 	if (err)
4772 		goto out;
4773 
4774 	evsel = evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist, "raw_syscalls:sys_enter");
4775 	trace->syscalls.events.sys_enter = evsel;
4776 	/* older kernels have syscalls tp versus raw_syscalls */
4777 	if (evsel == NULL)
4778 		evsel = evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist, "syscalls:sys_enter");
4779 
4780 	if (evsel &&
4781 	    (evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(evsel, trace__sys_enter) < 0 ||
4782 	    perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_ptr_field(evsel, args))) {
4783 		pr_err("Error during initialize raw_syscalls:sys_enter event\n");
4784 		goto out;
4785 	}
4786 
4787 	evsel = evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist, "raw_syscalls:sys_exit");
4788 	trace->syscalls.events.sys_exit = evsel;
4789 	if (evsel == NULL)
4790 		evsel = evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist, "syscalls:sys_exit");
4791 	if (evsel &&
4792 	    (evsel__init_raw_syscall_tp(evsel, trace__sys_exit) < 0 ||
4793 	    perf_evsel__init_sc_tp_uint_field(evsel, ret))) {
4794 		pr_err("Error during initialize raw_syscalls:sys_exit event\n");
4795 		goto out;
4796 	}
4797 
4798 	evlist__for_each_entry(session->evlist, evsel) {
4799 		if (evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE &&
4800 		    (evsel->core.attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ ||
4801 		     evsel->core.attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN ||
4802 		     evsel->core.attr.config == PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS))
4803 			evsel->handler = trace__pgfault;
4804 	}
4805 
4806 	if (trace->summary_mode == SUMMARY__BY_TOTAL) {
4807 		trace->syscall_stats = alloc_syscall_stats();
4808 		if (!trace->syscall_stats)
4809 			goto out;
4810 	}
4811 
4812 	setup_pager();
4813 
4814 	err = perf_session__process_events(session);
4815 	if (err)
4816 		pr_err("Failed to process events, error %d", err);
4817 
4818 	else if (trace->summary)
4819 		trace__fprintf_thread_summary(trace, trace->output);
4820 
4821 out:
4822 	delete_syscall_stats(trace->syscall_stats);
4823 	perf_session__delete(session);
4824 
4825 	return err;
4826 }
4827 
4828 static size_t trace__fprintf_summary_header(FILE *fp)
4829 {
4830 	size_t printed;
4831 
4832 	printed  = fprintf(fp, "\n Summary of events:\n\n");
4833 
4834 	return printed;
4835 }
4836 
4837 struct syscall_entry {
4838 	struct syscall_stats *stats;
4839 	double		     msecs;
4840 	int		     syscall;
4841 };
4842 
4843 static int entry_cmp(const void *e1, const void *e2)
4844 {
4845 	const struct syscall_entry *entry1 = e1;
4846 	const struct syscall_entry *entry2 = e2;
4847 
4848 	return entry1->msecs > entry2->msecs ? -1 : 1;
4849 }
4850 
4851 static struct syscall_entry *syscall__sort_stats(struct hashmap *syscall_stats)
4852 {
4853 	struct syscall_entry *entry;
4854 	struct hashmap_entry *pos;
4855 	unsigned bkt, i, nr;
4856 
4857 	nr = syscall_stats->sz;
4858 	entry = malloc(nr * sizeof(*entry));
4859 	if (entry == NULL)
4860 		return NULL;
4861 
4862 	i = 0;
4863 	hashmap__for_each_entry(syscall_stats, pos, bkt) {
4864 		struct syscall_stats *ss = pos->pvalue;
4865 		struct stats *st = &ss->stats;
4866 
4867 		entry[i].stats = ss;
4868 		entry[i].msecs = (u64)st->n * (avg_stats(st) / NSEC_PER_MSEC);
4869 		entry[i].syscall = pos->key;
4870 		i++;
4871 	}
4872 	assert(i == nr);
4873 
4874 	qsort(entry, nr, sizeof(*entry), entry_cmp);
4875 	return entry;
4876 }
4877 
4878 static size_t syscall__dump_stats(struct trace *trace, int e_machine, FILE *fp,
4879 				  struct hashmap *syscall_stats)
4880 {
4881 	size_t printed = 0;
4882 	int lines = 0;
4883 	struct syscall *sc;
4884 	struct syscall_entry *entries;
4885 
4886 	entries = syscall__sort_stats(syscall_stats);
4887 	if (entries == NULL)
4888 		return 0;
4889 
4890 	printed += fprintf(fp, "\n");
4891 
4892 	printed += fprintf(fp, "   syscall            calls  errors  total       min       avg       max       stddev\n");
4893 	printed += fprintf(fp, "                                     (msec)    (msec)    (msec)    (msec)        (%%)\n");
4894 	printed += fprintf(fp, "   --------------- --------  ------ -------- --------- --------- ---------     ------\n");
4895 
4896 	for (size_t i = 0; i < syscall_stats->sz; i++) {
4897 		struct syscall_entry *entry = &entries[i];
4898 		struct syscall_stats *stats = entry->stats;
4899 
4900 		if (stats) {
4901 			double min = (double)(stats->stats.min) / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
4902 			double max = (double)(stats->stats.max) / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
4903 			double avg = avg_stats(&stats->stats);
4904 			double pct;
4905 			u64 n = (u64)stats->stats.n;
4906 
4907 			pct = avg ? 100.0 * stddev_stats(&stats->stats) / avg : 0.0;
4908 			avg /= NSEC_PER_MSEC;
4909 
4910 			sc = trace__syscall_info(trace, /*evsel=*/NULL, e_machine, entry->syscall);
4911 			if (!sc)
4912 				continue;
4913 
4914 			printed += fprintf(fp, "   %-15s", sc->name);
4915 			printed += fprintf(fp, " %8" PRIu64 " %6" PRIu64 " %9.3f %9.3f %9.3f",
4916 					   n, stats->nr_failures, entry->msecs, min, avg);
4917 			printed += fprintf(fp, " %9.3f %9.2f%%\n", max, pct);
4918 
4919 			if (trace->errno_summary && stats->nr_failures) {
4920 				int e;
4921 
4922 				for (e = 0; e < stats->max_errno; ++e) {
4923 					if (stats->errnos[e] != 0)
4924 						fprintf(fp, "\t\t\t\t%s: %d\n", perf_env__arch_strerrno(trace->host->env, e + 1), stats->errnos[e]);
4925 				}
4926 			}
4927 			lines++;
4928 		}
4929 
4930 		if (trace->max_summary && trace->max_summary <= lines)
4931 			break;
4932 	}
4933 
4934 	free(entries);
4935 	printed += fprintf(fp, "\n\n");
4936 
4937 	return printed;
4938 }
4939 
4940 static size_t thread__dump_stats(struct thread_trace *ttrace,
4941 				 struct trace *trace, int e_machine, FILE *fp)
4942 {
4943 	return syscall__dump_stats(trace, e_machine, fp, ttrace->syscall_stats);
4944 }
4945 
4946 static size_t system__dump_stats(struct trace *trace, int e_machine, FILE *fp)
4947 {
4948 	return syscall__dump_stats(trace, e_machine, fp, trace->syscall_stats);
4949 }
4950 
4951 static size_t trace__fprintf_thread(FILE *fp, struct thread *thread, struct trace *trace)
4952 {
4953 	size_t printed = 0;
4954 	struct thread_trace *ttrace = thread__priv(thread);
4955 	int e_machine = thread__e_machine(thread, trace->host, /*e_flags=*/NULL);
4956 	double ratio;
4957 
4958 	if (ttrace == NULL)
4959 		return 0;
4960 
4961 	ratio = (double)ttrace->nr_events / trace->nr_events * 100.0;
4962 
4963 	printed += fprintf(fp, " %s (%d), ", thread__comm_str(thread), thread__tid(thread));
4964 	printed += fprintf(fp, "%lu events, ", ttrace->nr_events);
4965 	printed += fprintf(fp, "%.1f%%", ratio);
4966 	if (ttrace->pfmaj)
4967 		printed += fprintf(fp, ", %lu majfaults", ttrace->pfmaj);
4968 	if (ttrace->pfmin)
4969 		printed += fprintf(fp, ", %lu minfaults", ttrace->pfmin);
4970 	if (trace->sched)
4971 		printed += fprintf(fp, ", %.3f msec\n", ttrace->runtime_ms);
4972 	else if (fputc('\n', fp) != EOF)
4973 		++printed;
4974 
4975 	printed += thread__dump_stats(ttrace, trace, e_machine, fp);
4976 
4977 	return printed;
4978 }
4979 
4980 static unsigned long thread__nr_events(struct thread_trace *ttrace)
4981 {
4982 	return ttrace ? ttrace->nr_events : 0;
4983 }
4984 
4985 static int trace_nr_events_cmp(void *priv __maybe_unused,
4986 			       const struct list_head *la,
4987 			       const struct list_head *lb)
4988 {
4989 	struct thread_list *a = list_entry(la, struct thread_list, list);
4990 	struct thread_list *b = list_entry(lb, struct thread_list, list);
4991 	unsigned long a_nr_events = thread__nr_events(thread__priv(a->thread));
4992 	unsigned long b_nr_events = thread__nr_events(thread__priv(b->thread));
4993 
4994 	if (a_nr_events != b_nr_events)
4995 		return a_nr_events < b_nr_events ? -1 : 1;
4996 
4997 	/* Identical number of threads, place smaller tids first. */
4998 	return thread__tid(a->thread) < thread__tid(b->thread)
4999 		? -1
5000 		: (thread__tid(a->thread) > thread__tid(b->thread) ? 1 : 0);
5001 }
5002 
5003 static size_t trace__fprintf_thread_summary(struct trace *trace, FILE *fp)
5004 {
5005 	size_t printed = trace__fprintf_summary_header(fp);
5006 	LIST_HEAD(threads);
5007 
5008 	if (machine__thread_list(trace->host, &threads) == 0) {
5009 		struct thread_list *pos;
5010 
5011 		list_sort(NULL, &threads, trace_nr_events_cmp);
5012 
5013 		list_for_each_entry(pos, &threads, list)
5014 			printed += trace__fprintf_thread(fp, pos->thread, trace);
5015 	}
5016 	thread_list__delete(&threads);
5017 	return printed;
5018 }
5019 
5020 static size_t trace__fprintf_total_summary(struct trace *trace, FILE *fp)
5021 {
5022 	size_t printed = trace__fprintf_summary_header(fp);
5023 
5024 	printed += fprintf(fp, " total, ");
5025 	printed += fprintf(fp, "%lu events", trace->nr_events);
5026 
5027 	if (trace->pfmaj)
5028 		printed += fprintf(fp, ", %lu majfaults", trace->pfmaj);
5029 	if (trace->pfmin)
5030 		printed += fprintf(fp, ", %lu minfaults", trace->pfmin);
5031 	if (trace->sched)
5032 		printed += fprintf(fp, ", %.3f msec\n", trace->runtime_ms);
5033 	else if (fputc('\n', fp) != EOF)
5034 		++printed;
5035 
5036 	/* TODO: get all system e_machines. */
5037 	printed += system__dump_stats(trace, EM_HOST, fp);
5038 
5039 	return printed;
5040 }
5041 
5042 static int trace__set_duration(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
5043 			       int unset __maybe_unused)
5044 {
5045 	struct trace *trace = opt->value;
5046 
5047 	trace->duration_filter = atof(str);
5048 	return 0;
5049 }
5050 
5051 static int trace__set_filter_pids_from_option(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
5052 					      int unset __maybe_unused)
5053 {
5054 	int ret = -1;
5055 	size_t i;
5056 	struct trace *trace = opt->value;
5057 	/*
5058 	 * FIXME: introduce a intarray class, plain parse csv and create a
5059 	 * { int nr, int entries[] } struct...
5060 	 */
5061 	struct intlist *list = intlist__new(str);
5062 
5063 	if (list == NULL)
5064 		return -1;
5065 
5066 	i = trace->filter_pids.nr = intlist__nr_entries(list) + 1;
5067 	trace->filter_pids.entries = calloc(i, sizeof(pid_t));
5068 
5069 	if (trace->filter_pids.entries == NULL)
5070 		goto out;
5071 
5072 	trace->filter_pids.entries[0] = getpid();
5073 
5074 	for (i = 1; i < trace->filter_pids.nr; ++i)
5075 		trace->filter_pids.entries[i] = intlist__entry(list, i - 1)->i;
5076 
5077 	intlist__delete(list);
5078 	ret = 0;
5079 out:
5080 	return ret;
5081 }
5082 
5083 static int trace__open_output(struct trace *trace, const char *filename)
5084 {
5085 	struct stat st;
5086 
5087 	if (!stat(filename, &st) && st.st_size) {
5088 		char oldname[PATH_MAX];
5089 
5090 		scnprintf(oldname, sizeof(oldname), "%s.old", filename);
5091 		unlink(oldname);
5092 		rename(filename, oldname);
5093 	}
5094 
5095 	trace->output = fopen(filename, "w");
5096 
5097 	return trace->output == NULL ? -errno : 0;
5098 }
5099 
5100 static int parse_pagefaults(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
5101 			    int unset __maybe_unused)
5102 {
5103 	int *trace_pgfaults = opt->value;
5104 
5105 	if (strcmp(str, "all") == 0)
5106 		*trace_pgfaults |= TRACE_PFMAJ | TRACE_PFMIN;
5107 	else if (strcmp(str, "maj") == 0)
5108 		*trace_pgfaults |= TRACE_PFMAJ;
5109 	else if (strcmp(str, "min") == 0)
5110 		*trace_pgfaults |= TRACE_PFMIN;
5111 	else
5112 		return -1;
5113 
5114 	return 0;
5115 }
5116 
5117 static void evlist__set_default_evsel_handler(struct evlist *evlist, void *handler)
5118 {
5119 	struct evsel *evsel;
5120 
5121 	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
5122 		if (evsel->handler == NULL)
5123 			evsel->handler = handler;
5124 	}
5125 }
5126 
5127 static void evsel__set_syscall_arg_fmt(struct evsel *evsel, const char *name)
5128 {
5129 	struct syscall_arg_fmt *fmt = evsel__syscall_arg_fmt(evsel);
5130 
5131 	if (fmt) {
5132 		const struct syscall_fmt *scfmt = syscall_fmt__find(name);
5133 
5134 		if (scfmt) {
5135 			const struct tep_event *tp_format = evsel__tp_format(evsel);
5136 
5137 			if (tp_format) {
5138 				int skip = 0;
5139 
5140 				if (strcmp(tp_format->format.fields->name, "__syscall_nr") == 0 ||
5141 				    strcmp(tp_format->format.fields->name, "nr") == 0)
5142 					++skip;
5143 
5144 				memcpy(fmt + skip, scfmt->arg,
5145 				       (tp_format->format.nr_fields - skip) * sizeof(*fmt));
5146 			}
5147 		}
5148 	}
5149 }
5150 
5151 static int evlist__set_syscall_tp_fields(struct evlist *evlist, bool *use_btf)
5152 {
5153 	struct evsel *evsel;
5154 
5155 	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
5156 		const struct tep_event *tp_format;
5157 
5158 		if (evsel->priv)
5159 			continue;
5160 
5161 		tp_format = evsel__tp_format(evsel);
5162 		if (!tp_format)
5163 			continue;
5164 
5165 		if (strcmp(tp_format->system, "syscalls")) {
5166 			evsel__init_tp_arg_scnprintf(evsel, use_btf);
5167 			continue;
5168 		}
5169 
5170 		if (evsel__init_syscall_tp(evsel))
5171 			return -1;
5172 
5173 		if (!strncmp(tp_format->name, "sys_enter_", 10)) {
5174 			struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
5175 
5176 			if (__tp_field__init_ptr(&sc->args, sc->id.offset + sizeof(u64)))
5177 				return -1;
5178 
5179 			evsel__set_syscall_arg_fmt(evsel,
5180 						   tp_format->name + sizeof("sys_enter_") - 1);
5181 		} else if (!strncmp(tp_format->name, "sys_exit_", 9)) {
5182 			struct syscall_tp *sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
5183 
5184 			if (__tp_field__init_uint(&sc->ret, sizeof(u64),
5185 						  sc->id.offset + sizeof(u64),
5186 						  evsel->needs_swap))
5187 				return -1;
5188 
5189 			evsel__set_syscall_arg_fmt(evsel,
5190 						   tp_format->name + sizeof("sys_exit_") - 1);
5191 		}
5192 	}
5193 
5194 	return 0;
5195 }
5196 
5197 /*
5198  * XXX: Hackish, just splitting the combined -e+--event (syscalls
5199  * (raw_syscalls:{sys_{enter,exit}} + events (tracepoints, HW, SW, etc) to use
5200  * existing facilities unchanged (trace->ev_qualifier + parse_options()).
5201  *
5202  * It'd be better to introduce a parse_options() variant that would return a
5203  * list with the terms it didn't match to an event...
5204  */
5205 static int trace__parse_events_option(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
5206 				      int unset __maybe_unused)
5207 {
5208 	struct trace *trace = (struct trace *)opt->value;
5209 	const char *s;
5210 	char *strd, *sep = NULL, *lists[2] = { NULL, NULL, };
5211 	int len = strlen(str) + 1, err = -1, list, idx;
5212 	char *strace_groups_dir = system_path(STRACE_GROUPS_DIR);
5213 	char group_name[PATH_MAX];
5214 	const struct syscall_fmt *fmt;
5215 
5216 	if (strace_groups_dir == NULL)
5217 		return -1;
5218 
5219 	s = strd = strdup(str);
5220 	if (strd == NULL)
5221 		return -1;
5222 
5223 	if (*s == '!') {
5224 		++s;
5225 		trace->not_ev_qualifier = true;
5226 	}
5227 
5228 	while (1) {
5229 		if ((sep = strchr((char *)s, ',')) != NULL)
5230 			*sep = '\0';
5231 
5232 		list = 0;
5233 		/* TODO: support for more than just perf binary machine type syscalls. */
5234 		if (syscalltbl__id(EM_HOST, s) >= 0 ||
5235 		    syscalltbl__strglobmatch_first(EM_HOST, s, &idx) >= 0) {
5236 			list = 1;
5237 			goto do_concat;
5238 		}
5239 
5240 		fmt = syscall_fmt__find_by_alias(s);
5241 		if (fmt != NULL) {
5242 			list = 1;
5243 			s = fmt->name;
5244 		} else {
5245 			path__join(group_name, sizeof(group_name), strace_groups_dir, s);
5246 			if (access(group_name, R_OK) == 0)
5247 				list = 1;
5248 		}
5249 do_concat:
5250 		if (lists[list]) {
5251 			sprintf(lists[list] + strlen(lists[list]), ",%s", s);
5252 		} else {
5253 			lists[list] = malloc(len);
5254 			if (lists[list] == NULL)
5255 				goto out;
5256 			strcpy(lists[list], s);
5257 		}
5258 
5259 		if (!sep)
5260 			break;
5261 
5262 		*sep = ',';
5263 		s = sep + 1;
5264 	}
5265 
5266 	if (lists[1] != NULL) {
5267 		struct strlist_config slist_config = {
5268 			.dirname = strace_groups_dir,
5269 		};
5270 
5271 		trace->ev_qualifier = strlist__new(lists[1], &slist_config);
5272 		if (trace->ev_qualifier == NULL) {
5273 			fputs("Not enough memory to parse event qualifier", trace->output);
5274 			goto out;
5275 		}
5276 
5277 		if (trace__validate_ev_qualifier(trace))
5278 			goto out;
5279 		trace->trace_syscalls = true;
5280 	}
5281 
5282 	err = 0;
5283 
5284 	if (lists[0]) {
5285 		struct parse_events_option_args parse_events_option_args = {
5286 			.evlistp = &trace->evlist,
5287 		};
5288 		struct option o = {
5289 			.value = &parse_events_option_args,
5290 		};
5291 		err = parse_events_option(&o, lists[0], 0);
5292 	}
5293 out:
5294 	free(strace_groups_dir);
5295 	free(lists[0]);
5296 	free(lists[1]);
5297 	free(strd);
5298 
5299 	return err;
5300 }
5301 
5302 static int trace__parse_cgroups(const struct option *opt, const char *str, int unset)
5303 {
5304 	struct trace *trace = opt->value;
5305 
5306 	if (!list_empty(&trace->evlist->core.entries)) {
5307 		struct option o = {
5308 			.value = &trace->evlist,
5309 		};
5310 		return parse_cgroups(&o, str, unset);
5311 	}
5312 	trace->cgroup = evlist__findnew_cgroup(trace->evlist, str);
5313 
5314 	return 0;
5315 }
5316 
5317 static int trace__parse_summary_mode(const struct option *opt, const char *str,
5318 				     int unset __maybe_unused)
5319 {
5320 	struct trace *trace = opt->value;
5321 
5322 	if (!strcmp(str, "thread")) {
5323 		trace->summary_mode = SUMMARY__BY_THREAD;
5324 	} else if (!strcmp(str, "total")) {
5325 		trace->summary_mode = SUMMARY__BY_TOTAL;
5326 	} else if (!strcmp(str, "cgroup")) {
5327 		trace->summary_mode = SUMMARY__BY_CGROUP;
5328 	} else {
5329 		pr_err("Unknown summary mode: %s\n", str);
5330 		return -1;
5331 	}
5332 
5333 	return 0;
5334 }
5335 
5336 static int trace_parse_callchain_opt(const struct option *opt,
5337 				     const char *arg,
5338 				     int unset)
5339 {
5340 	return record_opts__parse_callchain(opt->value, &callchain_param, arg, unset);
5341 }
5342 
5343 static int trace__config(const char *var, const char *value, void *arg)
5344 {
5345 	struct trace *trace = arg;
5346 	int err = 0;
5347 
5348 	if (!strcmp(var, "trace.add_events")) {
5349 		trace->perfconfig_events = strdup(value);
5350 		if (trace->perfconfig_events == NULL) {
5351 			pr_err("Not enough memory for %s\n", "trace.add_events");
5352 			return -1;
5353 		}
5354 	} else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.show_timestamp")) {
5355 		trace->show_tstamp = perf_config_bool(var, value);
5356 	} else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.show_duration")) {
5357 		trace->show_duration = perf_config_bool(var, value);
5358 	} else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.show_arg_names")) {
5359 		trace->show_arg_names = perf_config_bool(var, value);
5360 		if (!trace->show_arg_names)
5361 			trace->show_zeros = true;
5362 	} else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.show_zeros")) {
5363 		bool new_show_zeros = perf_config_bool(var, value);
5364 		if (!trace->show_arg_names && !new_show_zeros) {
5365 			pr_warning("trace.show_zeros has to be set when trace.show_arg_names=no\n");
5366 			goto out;
5367 		}
5368 		trace->show_zeros = new_show_zeros;
5369 	} else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.show_prefix")) {
5370 		trace->show_string_prefix = perf_config_bool(var, value);
5371 	} else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.no_inherit")) {
5372 		trace->opts.no_inherit = perf_config_bool(var, value);
5373 	} else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.args_alignment")) {
5374 		int args_alignment = 0;
5375 		if (perf_config_int(&args_alignment, var, value) == 0)
5376 			trace->args_alignment = args_alignment;
5377 	} else if (!strcmp(var, "trace.tracepoint_beautifiers")) {
5378 		if (strcasecmp(value, "libtraceevent") == 0)
5379 			trace->libtraceevent_print = true;
5380 		else if (strcasecmp(value, "libbeauty") == 0)
5381 			trace->libtraceevent_print = false;
5382 	}
5383 out:
5384 	return err;
5385 }
5386 
5387 static void trace__exit(struct trace *trace)
5388 {
5389 	thread__zput(trace->current);
5390 	strlist__delete(trace->ev_qualifier);
5391 	zfree(&trace->ev_qualifier_ids.entries);
5392 	if (trace->syscalls.table) {
5393 		for (size_t i = 0; i < trace->syscalls.table_size; i++)
5394 			syscall__delete(trace->syscalls.table[i]);
5395 		zfree(&trace->syscalls.table);
5396 	}
5397 	zfree(&trace->perfconfig_events);
5398 	evlist__delete(trace->evlist);
5399 	trace->evlist = NULL;
5400 	ordered_events__free(&trace->oe.data);
5401 #ifdef HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT
5402 	btf__free(trace->btf);
5403 	trace->btf = NULL;
5404 #endif
5405 }
5406 
5407 int cmd_trace(int argc, const char **argv)
5408 {
5409 	const char *trace_usage[] = {
5410 		"perf trace [<options>] [<command>]",
5411 		"perf trace [<options>] -- <command> [<options>]",
5412 		"perf trace record [<options>] [<command>]",
5413 		"perf trace record [<options>] -- <command> [<options>]",
5414 		NULL
5415 	};
5416 	struct trace trace = {
5417 		.opts = {
5418 			.target = {
5419 				.uses_mmap = true,
5420 			},
5421 			.user_freq     = UINT_MAX,
5422 			.user_interval = ULLONG_MAX,
5423 			.no_buffering  = true,
5424 			.mmap_pages    = UINT_MAX,
5425 		},
5426 		.output = stderr,
5427 		.show_comm = true,
5428 		.show_tstamp = true,
5429 		.show_duration = true,
5430 		.show_arg_names = true,
5431 		.args_alignment = 70,
5432 		.trace_syscalls = false,
5433 		.kernel_syscallchains = false,
5434 		.max_stack = UINT_MAX,
5435 		.max_events = ULONG_MAX,
5436 	};
5437 	const char *output_name = NULL;
5438 	const struct option trace_options[] = {
5439 	OPT_CALLBACK('e', "event", &trace, "event",
5440 		     "event/syscall selector. use 'perf list' to list available events",
5441 		     trace__parse_events_option),
5442 	OPT_CALLBACK(0, "filter", &trace.evlist, "filter",
5443 		     "event filter", parse_filter),
5444 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "comm", &trace.show_comm,
5445 		    "show the thread COMM next to its id"),
5446 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tool_stats", &trace.show_tool_stats, "show tool stats"),
5447 	OPT_CALLBACK(0, "expr", &trace, "expr", "list of syscalls/events to trace",
5448 		     trace__parse_events_option),
5449 	OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output_name, "file", "output file name"),
5450 	OPT_STRING('i', "input", &input_name, "file", "Analyze events in file"),
5451 	OPT_STRING('p', "pid", &trace.opts.target.pid, "pid",
5452 		    "trace events on existing process id"),
5453 	OPT_STRING('t', "tid", &trace.opts.target.tid, "tid",
5454 		    "trace events on existing thread id"),
5455 	OPT_CALLBACK(0, "filter-pids", &trace, "CSV list of pids",
5456 		     "pids to filter (by the kernel)", trace__set_filter_pids_from_option),
5457 	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all-cpus", &trace.opts.target.system_wide,
5458 		    "system-wide collection from all CPUs"),
5459 	OPT_STRING('C', "cpu", &trace.opts.target.cpu_list, "cpu",
5460 		    "list of cpus to monitor"),
5461 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-inherit", &trace.opts.no_inherit,
5462 		    "child tasks do not inherit counters"),
5463 	OPT_CALLBACK('m', "mmap-pages", &trace.opts.mmap_pages, "pages",
5464 		     "number of mmap data pages", evlist__parse_mmap_pages),
5465 	OPT_STRING('u', "uid", &trace.uid_str, "user", "user to profile"),
5466 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "show-cpu", &trace.show_cpu, "show cpu id"),
5467 	OPT_CALLBACK(0, "duration", &trace, "float",
5468 		     "show only events with duration > N.M ms",
5469 		     trace__set_duration),
5470 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "sched", &trace.sched, "show blocking scheduler events"),
5471 	OPT_INCR('v', "verbose", &verbose, "be more verbose"),
5472 	OPT_BOOLEAN('T', "time", &trace.full_time,
5473 		    "Show full timestamp, not time relative to first start"),
5474 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "failure", &trace.failure_only,
5475 		    "Show only syscalls that failed"),
5476 	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "summary", &trace.summary_only,
5477 		    "Show only syscall summary with statistics"),
5478 	OPT_BOOLEAN('S', "with-summary", &trace.summary,
5479 		    "Show all syscalls and summary with statistics"),
5480 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "errno-summary", &trace.errno_summary,
5481 		    "Show errno stats per syscall, use with -s or -S"),
5482 	OPT_CALLBACK(0, "summary-mode", &trace, "mode",
5483 		     "How to show summary: select thread (default), total or cgroup",
5484 		     trace__parse_summary_mode),
5485 	OPT_CALLBACK_DEFAULT('F', "pf", &trace.trace_pgfaults, "all|maj|min",
5486 		     "Trace pagefaults", parse_pagefaults, "maj"),
5487 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "syscalls", &trace.trace_syscalls, "Trace syscalls"),
5488 	OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &trace.force, "don't complain, do it"),
5489 	OPT_CALLBACK(0, "call-graph", &trace.opts,
5490 		     "record_mode[,record_size]", record_callchain_help,
5491 		     &trace_parse_callchain_opt),
5492 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "libtraceevent_print", &trace.libtraceevent_print,
5493 		    "Use libtraceevent to print the tracepoint arguments."),
5494 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "kernel-syscall-graph", &trace.kernel_syscallchains,
5495 		    "Show the kernel callchains on the syscall exit path"),
5496 	OPT_ULONG(0, "max-events", &trace.max_events,
5497 		"Set the maximum number of events to print, exit after that is reached. "),
5498 	OPT_UINTEGER(0, "min-stack", &trace.min_stack,
5499 		     "Set the minimum stack depth when parsing the callchain, "
5500 		     "anything below the specified depth will be ignored."),
5501 	OPT_UINTEGER(0, "max-stack", &trace.max_stack,
5502 		     "Set the maximum stack depth when parsing the callchain, "
5503 		     "anything beyond the specified depth will be ignored. "
5504 		     "Default: kernel.perf_event_max_stack or " __stringify(PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH)),
5505 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "sort-events", &trace.sort_events,
5506 			"Sort batch of events before processing, use if getting out of order events"),
5507 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "print-sample", &trace.print_sample,
5508 			"print the PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE PERF_SAMPLE_ info, for debugging"),
5509 	OPT_UINTEGER(0, "proc-map-timeout", &proc_map_timeout,
5510 			"per thread proc mmap processing timeout in ms"),
5511 	OPT_CALLBACK('G', "cgroup", &trace, "name", "monitor event in cgroup name only",
5512 		     trace__parse_cgroups),
5513 	OPT_INTEGER('D', "delay", &trace.opts.target.initial_delay,
5514 		     "ms to wait before starting measurement after program "
5515 		     "start"),
5516 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "force-btf", &trace.force_btf, "Prefer btf_dump general pretty printer"
5517 		       "to customized ones"),
5518 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "bpf-summary", &trace.summary_bpf, "Summary syscall stats in BPF"),
5519 	OPT_INTEGER(0, "max-summary", &trace.max_summary,
5520 		     "Max number of entries in the summary."),
5521 	OPTS_EVSWITCH(&trace.evswitch),
5522 	OPT_END()
5523 	};
5524 	bool __maybe_unused max_stack_user_set = true;
5525 	bool mmap_pages_user_set = true;
5526 	struct evsel *evsel;
5527 	const char * const trace_subcommands[] = { "record", NULL };
5528 	int err = -1;
5529 	char bf[BUFSIZ];
5530 	struct sigaction sigchld_act;
5531 
5532 	signal(SIGSEGV, sighandler_dump_stack);
5533 	signal(SIGFPE, sighandler_dump_stack);
5534 	signal(SIGINT, sighandler_interrupt);
5535 
5536 	memset(&sigchld_act, 0, sizeof(sigchld_act));
5537 	sigchld_act.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
5538 	sigchld_act.sa_sigaction = sighandler_chld;
5539 	sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sigchld_act, NULL);
5540 
5541 	ordered_events__init(&trace.oe.data, ordered_events__deliver_event, &trace);
5542 	ordered_events__set_copy_on_queue(&trace.oe.data, true);
5543 
5544 	trace.evlist = evlist__new();
5545 
5546 	if (trace.evlist == NULL) {
5547 		pr_err("Not enough memory to run!\n");
5548 		err = -ENOMEM;
5549 		goto out;
5550 	}
5551 
5552 	/*
5553 	 * Parsing .perfconfig may entail creating a BPF event, that may need
5554 	 * to create BPF maps, so bump RLIM_MEMLOCK as the default 64K setting
5555 	 * is too small. This affects just this process, not touching the
5556 	 * global setting. If it fails we'll get something in 'perf trace -v'
5557 	 * to help diagnose the problem.
5558 	 */
5559 	rlimit__bump_memlock();
5560 
5561 	err = perf_config(trace__config, &trace);
5562 	if (err)
5563 		goto out;
5564 
5565 	argc = parse_options_subcommand(argc, argv, trace_options, trace_subcommands,
5566 				 trace_usage, PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
5567 
5568 	/*
5569 	 * Here we already passed thru trace__parse_events_option() and it has
5570 	 * already figured out if -e syscall_name, if not but if --event
5571 	 * foo:bar was used, the user is interested _just_ in those, say,
5572 	 * tracepoint events, not in the strace-like syscall-name-based mode.
5573 	 *
5574 	 * This is important because we need to check if strace-like mode is
5575 	 * needed to decided if we should filter out the eBPF
5576 	 * __augmented_syscalls__ code, if it is in the mix, say, via
5577 	 * .perfconfig trace.add_events, and filter those out.
5578 	 */
5579 	if (!trace.trace_syscalls && !trace.trace_pgfaults &&
5580 	    trace.evlist->core.nr_entries == 0 /* Was --events used? */) {
5581 		trace.trace_syscalls = true;
5582 	}
5583 	/*
5584 	 * Now that we have --verbose figured out, lets see if we need to parse
5585 	 * events from .perfconfig, so that if those events fail parsing, say some
5586 	 * BPF program fails, then we'll be able to use --verbose to see what went
5587 	 * wrong in more detail.
5588 	 */
5589 	if (trace.perfconfig_events != NULL) {
5590 		struct parse_events_error parse_err;
5591 
5592 		parse_events_error__init(&parse_err);
5593 		err = parse_events(trace.evlist, trace.perfconfig_events, &parse_err);
5594 		if (err)
5595 			parse_events_error__print(&parse_err, trace.perfconfig_events);
5596 		parse_events_error__exit(&parse_err);
5597 		if (err)
5598 			goto out;
5599 	}
5600 
5601 	if (trace.show_cpu)
5602 		trace.opts.sample_cpu = true;
5603 
5604 	if ((nr_cgroups || trace.cgroup) && !trace.opts.target.system_wide) {
5605 		usage_with_options_msg(trace_usage, trace_options,
5606 				       "cgroup monitoring only available in system-wide mode");
5607 	}
5608 
5609 	if (!trace.trace_syscalls)
5610 		goto skip_augmentation;
5611 
5612 	if ((argc >= 1) && (strcmp(argv[0], "record") == 0)) {
5613 		pr_debug("Syscall augmentation fails with record, disabling augmentation");
5614 		goto skip_augmentation;
5615 	}
5616 
5617 	if (trace.summary_bpf) {
5618 		if (!trace.opts.target.system_wide) {
5619 			/* TODO: Add filters in the BPF to support other targets. */
5620 			pr_err("Error: --bpf-summary only works for system-wide mode.\n");
5621 			goto out;
5622 		}
5623 		if (trace.summary_only)
5624 			goto skip_augmentation;
5625 	}
5626 
5627 	err = augmented_syscalls__prepare();
5628 	if (err < 0)
5629 		goto skip_augmentation;
5630 
5631 	trace__add_syscall_newtp(&trace);
5632 
5633 	err = augmented_syscalls__create_bpf_output(trace.evlist);
5634 	if (err == 0)
5635 		trace.syscalls.events.bpf_output = evlist__last(trace.evlist);
5636 
5637 skip_augmentation:
5638 	err = -1;
5639 
5640 	if (trace.trace_pgfaults) {
5641 		trace.opts.sample_address = true;
5642 		trace.opts.sample_time = true;
5643 	}
5644 
5645 	if (trace.opts.mmap_pages == UINT_MAX)
5646 		mmap_pages_user_set = false;
5647 
5648 	if (trace.max_stack == UINT_MAX) {
5649 		trace.max_stack = input_name ? PERF_MAX_STACK_DEPTH : sysctl__max_stack();
5650 		max_stack_user_set = false;
5651 	}
5652 
5653 #ifdef HAVE_DWARF_UNWIND_SUPPORT
5654 	if ((trace.min_stack || max_stack_user_set) && !callchain_param.enabled) {
5655 		record_opts__parse_callchain(&trace.opts, &callchain_param, "dwarf", false);
5656 	}
5657 #endif
5658 
5659 	if (callchain_param.enabled) {
5660 		if (!mmap_pages_user_set && geteuid() == 0)
5661 			trace.opts.mmap_pages = perf_event_mlock_kb_in_pages() * 4;
5662 
5663 		symbol_conf.use_callchain = true;
5664 	}
5665 
5666 	if (trace.evlist->core.nr_entries > 0) {
5667 		bool use_btf = false;
5668 
5669 		evlist__set_default_evsel_handler(trace.evlist, trace__event_handler);
5670 		if (evlist__set_syscall_tp_fields(trace.evlist, &use_btf)) {
5671 			perror("failed to set syscalls:* tracepoint fields");
5672 			goto out;
5673 		}
5674 
5675 		if (use_btf)
5676 			trace__load_vmlinux_btf(&trace);
5677 	}
5678 
5679 	/*
5680 	 * If we are augmenting syscalls, then combine what we put in the
5681 	 * __augmented_syscalls__ BPF map with what is in the
5682 	 * syscalls:sys_exit_FOO tracepoints, i.e. just like we do without BPF,
5683 	 * combining raw_syscalls:sys_enter with raw_syscalls:sys_exit.
5684 	 *
5685 	 * We'll switch to look at two BPF maps, one for sys_enter and the
5686 	 * other for sys_exit when we start augmenting the sys_exit paths with
5687 	 * buffers that are being copied from kernel to userspace, think 'read'
5688 	 * syscall.
5689 	 */
5690 	if (trace.syscalls.events.bpf_output) {
5691 		evlist__for_each_entry(trace.evlist, evsel) {
5692 			bool raw_syscalls_sys_exit = evsel__name_is(evsel, "raw_syscalls:sys_exit");
5693 
5694 			if (raw_syscalls_sys_exit) {
5695 				trace.raw_augmented_syscalls = true;
5696 				goto init_augmented_syscall_tp;
5697 			}
5698 
5699 			if (trace.syscalls.events.bpf_output->priv == NULL &&
5700 			    strstr(evsel__name(evsel), "syscalls:sys_enter")) {
5701 				struct evsel *augmented = trace.syscalls.events.bpf_output;
5702 				if (evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp(augmented, evsel) ||
5703 				    evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_args(augmented))
5704 					goto out;
5705 				/*
5706 				 * Augmented is __augmented_syscalls__ BPF_OUTPUT event
5707 				 * Above we made sure we can get from the payload the tp fields
5708 				 * that we get from syscalls:sys_enter tracefs format file.
5709 				 */
5710 				augmented->handler = trace__sys_enter;
5711 				/*
5712 				 * Now we do the same for the *syscalls:sys_enter event so that
5713 				 * if we handle it directly, i.e. if the BPF prog returns 0 so
5714 				 * as not to filter it, then we'll handle it just like we would
5715 				 * for the BPF_OUTPUT one:
5716 				 */
5717 				if (evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp(evsel, evsel) ||
5718 				    evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_args(evsel))
5719 					goto out;
5720 				evsel->handler = trace__sys_enter;
5721 			}
5722 
5723 			if (strstarts(evsel__name(evsel), "syscalls:sys_exit_")) {
5724 				struct syscall_tp *sc;
5725 init_augmented_syscall_tp:
5726 				if (evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp(evsel, evsel))
5727 					goto out;
5728 				sc = __evsel__syscall_tp(evsel);
5729 				/*
5730 				 * For now with BPF raw_augmented we hook into
5731 				 * raw_syscalls:sys_enter and there we get all
5732 				 * 6 syscall args plus the tracepoint common
5733 				 * fields and the syscall_nr (another long).
5734 				 * So we check if that is the case and if so
5735 				 * don't look after the sc->args_size but
5736 				 * always after the full raw_syscalls:sys_enter
5737 				 * payload, which is fixed.
5738 				 *
5739 				 * We'll revisit this later to pass
5740 				 * s->args_size to the BPF augmenter (now
5741 				 * tools/perf/examples/bpf/augmented_raw_syscalls.c,
5742 				 * so that it copies only what we need for each
5743 				 * syscall, like what happens when we use
5744 				 * syscalls:sys_enter_NAME, so that we reduce
5745 				 * the kernel/userspace traffic to just what is
5746 				 * needed for each syscall.
5747 				 */
5748 				if (trace.raw_augmented_syscalls)
5749 					trace.raw_augmented_syscalls_args_size = (6 + 1) * sizeof(long) + sc->id.offset;
5750 				evsel__init_augmented_syscall_tp_ret(evsel);
5751 				evsel->handler = trace__sys_exit;
5752 			}
5753 		}
5754 	}
5755 
5756 	if ((argc >= 1) && (strcmp(argv[0], "record") == 0)) {
5757 		err = trace__record(&trace, argc-1, &argv[1]);
5758 		goto out;
5759 	}
5760 
5761 	/* Using just --errno-summary will trigger --summary */
5762 	if (trace.errno_summary && !trace.summary && !trace.summary_only)
5763 		trace.summary_only = true;
5764 
5765 	/* summary_only implies summary option, but don't overwrite summary if set */
5766 	if (trace.summary_only)
5767 		trace.summary = trace.summary_only;
5768 
5769 	/* Keep exited threads, otherwise information might be lost for summary */
5770 	if (trace.summary) {
5771 		symbol_conf.keep_exited_threads = true;
5772 		if (trace.summary_mode == SUMMARY__NONE)
5773 			trace.summary_mode = SUMMARY__BY_THREAD;
5774 
5775 		if (!trace.summary_bpf && trace.summary_mode == SUMMARY__BY_CGROUP) {
5776 			pr_err("Error: --summary-mode=cgroup only works with --bpf-summary\n");
5777 			err = -EINVAL;
5778 			goto out;
5779 		}
5780 	}
5781 
5782 	if (output_name != NULL) {
5783 		err = trace__open_output(&trace, output_name);
5784 		if (err < 0) {
5785 			perror("failed to create output file");
5786 			goto out;
5787 		}
5788 	}
5789 
5790 	err = evswitch__init(&trace.evswitch, trace.evlist, stderr);
5791 	if (err)
5792 		goto out_close;
5793 
5794 	err = target__validate(&trace.opts.target);
5795 	if (err) {
5796 		target__strerror(&trace.opts.target, err, bf, sizeof(bf));
5797 		fprintf(trace.output, "%s", bf);
5798 		goto out_close;
5799 	}
5800 
5801 	if (trace.uid_str) {
5802 		uid_t uid = parse_uid(trace.uid_str);
5803 
5804 		if (uid == UINT_MAX) {
5805 			ui__error("Invalid User: %s", trace.uid_str);
5806 			err = -EINVAL;
5807 			goto out_close;
5808 		}
5809 		err = parse_uid_filter(trace.evlist, uid);
5810 		if (err)
5811 			goto out_close;
5812 
5813 		trace.opts.target.system_wide = true;
5814 	}
5815 
5816 	if (!argc && target__none(&trace.opts.target))
5817 		trace.opts.target.system_wide = true;
5818 
5819 	if (input_name)
5820 		err = trace__replay(&trace);
5821 	else
5822 		err = trace__run(&trace, argc, argv);
5823 
5824 out_close:
5825 	if (output_name != NULL)
5826 		fclose(trace.output);
5827 out:
5828 	trace__exit(&trace);
5829 	augmented_syscalls__cleanup();
5830 	return err;
5831 }
5832