xref: /linux/tools/perf/builtin-sched.c (revision bf4afc53b77aeaa48b5409da5c8da6bb4eff7f43)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#include "builtin.h"
#include "perf.h"
#include "perf-sys.h"

#include "util/cpumap.h"
#include "util/evlist.h"
#include "util/evsel.h"
#include "util/evsel_fprintf.h"
#include "util/mutex.h"
#include "util/symbol.h"
#include "util/thread.h"
#include "util/header.h"
#include "util/session.h"
#include "util/tool.h"
#include "util/cloexec.h"
#include "util/thread_map.h"
#include "util/color.h"
#include "util/stat.h"
#include "util/string2.h"
#include "util/callchain.h"
#include "util/time-utils.h"

#include <subcmd/pager.h>
#include <subcmd/parse-options.h>
#include "util/trace-event.h"

#include "util/debug.h"
#include "util/event.h"
#include "util/util.h"
#include "util/synthetic-events.h"
#include "util/target.h"

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/log2.h>
#include <linux/zalloc.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <inttypes.h>

#include <errno.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <api/fs/fs.h>
#include <perf/cpumap.h>
#include <linux/time64.h>
#include <linux/err.h>

#include <linux/ctype.h>

#define PR_SET_NAME		15               /* Set process name */
#define MAX_CPUS		4096
#define COMM_LEN		20
#define SYM_LEN			129
#define MAX_PID			1024000
#define MAX_PRIO		140
#define SEP_LEN			100

static const char *cpu_list;
static struct perf_cpu_map *user_requested_cpus;
static DECLARE_BITMAP(cpu_bitmap, MAX_NR_CPUS);

struct sched_atom;

struct task_desc {
	unsigned long		nr;
	unsigned long		pid;
	char			comm[COMM_LEN];

	unsigned long		nr_events;
	unsigned long		curr_event;
	struct sched_atom	**atoms;

	pthread_t		thread;

	sem_t			ready_for_work;
	sem_t			work_done_sem;

	u64			cpu_usage;
};

enum sched_event_type {
	SCHED_EVENT_RUN,
	SCHED_EVENT_SLEEP,
	SCHED_EVENT_WAKEUP,
};

struct sched_atom {
	enum sched_event_type	type;
	u64			timestamp;
	u64			duration;
	unsigned long		nr;
	sem_t			*wait_sem;
	struct task_desc	*wakee;
};

enum thread_state {
	THREAD_SLEEPING = 0,
	THREAD_WAIT_CPU,
	THREAD_SCHED_IN,
	THREAD_IGNORE
};

struct work_atom {
	struct list_head	list;
	enum thread_state	state;
	u64			sched_out_time;
	u64			wake_up_time;
	u64			sched_in_time;
	u64			runtime;
};

struct work_atoms {
	struct list_head	work_list;
	struct thread		*thread;
	struct rb_node		node;
	u64			max_lat;
	u64			max_lat_start;
	u64			max_lat_end;
	u64			total_lat;
	u64			nb_atoms;
	u64			total_runtime;
	int			num_merged;
};

typedef int (*sort_fn_t)(struct work_atoms *, struct work_atoms *);

struct perf_sched;

struct trace_sched_handler {
	int (*switch_event)(struct perf_sched *sched, struct evsel *evsel,
			    struct perf_sample *sample, struct machine *machine);

	int (*runtime_event)(struct perf_sched *sched, struct evsel *evsel,
			     struct perf_sample *sample, struct machine *machine);

	int (*wakeup_event)(struct perf_sched *sched, struct evsel *evsel,
			    struct perf_sample *sample, struct machine *machine);

	/* PERF_RECORD_FORK event, not sched_process_fork tracepoint */
	int (*fork_event)(struct perf_sched *sched, union perf_event *event,
			  struct machine *machine);

	int (*migrate_task_event)(struct perf_sched *sched,
				  struct evsel *evsel,
				  struct perf_sample *sample,
				  struct machine *machine);
};

#define COLOR_PIDS PERF_COLOR_BLUE
#define COLOR_CPUS PERF_COLOR_BG_RED

struct perf_sched_map {
	DECLARE_BITMAP(comp_cpus_mask, MAX_CPUS);
	struct perf_cpu		*comp_cpus;
	bool			 comp;
	struct perf_thread_map *color_pids;
	const char		*color_pids_str;
	struct perf_cpu_map	*color_cpus;
	const char		*color_cpus_str;
	const char		*task_name;
	struct strlist		*task_names;
	bool			fuzzy;
	struct perf_cpu_map	*cpus;
	const char		*cpus_str;
};

struct perf_sched {
	struct perf_tool tool;
	const char	 *sort_order;
	unsigned long	 nr_tasks;
	struct task_desc **pid_to_task;
	struct task_desc **tasks;
	const struct trace_sched_handler *tp_handler;
	struct mutex	 start_work_mutex;
	struct mutex	 work_done_wait_mutex;
	int		 profile_cpu;
/*
 * Track the current task - that way we can know whether there's any
 * weird events, such as a task being switched away that is not current.
 */
	struct perf_cpu	 max_cpu;
	u32		 *curr_pid;
	struct thread	 **curr_thread;
	struct thread	 **curr_out_thread;
	char		 next_shortname1;
	char		 next_shortname2;
	unsigned int	 replay_repeat;
	unsigned long	 nr_run_events;
	unsigned long	 nr_sleep_events;
	unsigned long	 nr_wakeup_events;
	unsigned long	 nr_sleep_corrections;
	unsigned long	 nr_run_events_optimized;
	unsigned long	 targetless_wakeups;
	unsigned long	 multitarget_wakeups;
	unsigned long	 nr_runs;
	unsigned long	 nr_timestamps;
	unsigned long	 nr_unordered_timestamps;
	unsigned long	 nr_context_switch_bugs;
	unsigned long	 nr_events;
	unsigned long	 nr_lost_chunks;
	unsigned long	 nr_lost_events;
	u64		 run_measurement_overhead;
	u64		 sleep_measurement_overhead;
	u64		 start_time;
	u64		 cpu_usage;
	u64		 runavg_cpu_usage;
	u64		 parent_cpu_usage;
	u64		 runavg_parent_cpu_usage;
	u64		 sum_runtime;
	u64		 sum_fluct;
	u64		 run_avg;
	u64		 all_runtime;
	u64		 all_count;
	u64		 *cpu_last_switched;
	struct rb_root_cached atom_root, sorted_atom_root, merged_atom_root;
	struct list_head sort_list, cmp_pid;
	bool force;
	bool skip_merge;
	struct perf_sched_map map;

	/* options for timehist command */
	bool		summary;
	bool		summary_only;
	bool		idle_hist;
	bool		show_callchain;
	unsigned int	max_stack;
	bool		show_cpu_visual;
	bool		show_wakeups;
	bool		show_next;
	bool		show_migrations;
	bool		pre_migrations;
	bool		show_state;
	bool		show_prio;
	u64		skipped_samples;
	const char	*time_str;
	struct perf_time_interval ptime;
	struct perf_time_interval hist_time;
	volatile bool   thread_funcs_exit;
	const char	*prio_str;
	DECLARE_BITMAP(prio_bitmap, MAX_PRIO);

	struct perf_session *session;
	struct perf_data *data;
};

/* per thread run time data */
struct thread_runtime {
	u64 last_time;      /* time of previous sched in/out event */
	u64 dt_run;         /* run time */
	u64 dt_sleep;       /* time between CPU access by sleep (off cpu) */
	u64 dt_iowait;      /* time between CPU access by iowait (off cpu) */
	u64 dt_preempt;     /* time between CPU access by preempt (off cpu) */
	u64 dt_delay;       /* time between wakeup and sched-in */
	u64 dt_pre_mig;     /* time between migration and wakeup */
	u64 ready_to_run;   /* time of wakeup */
	u64 migrated;	    /* time when a thread is migrated */

	struct stats run_stats;
	u64 total_run_time;
	u64 total_sleep_time;
	u64 total_iowait_time;
	u64 total_preempt_time;
	u64 total_delay_time;
	u64 total_pre_mig_time;

	char last_state;

	char shortname[3];
	bool comm_changed;

	u64 migrations;

	int prio;
};

/* per event run time data */
struct evsel_runtime {
	u64 *last_time; /* time this event was last seen per cpu */
	u32 ncpu;       /* highest cpu slot allocated */
};

/* per cpu idle time data */
struct idle_thread_runtime {
	struct thread_runtime	tr;
	struct thread		*last_thread;
	struct rb_root_cached	sorted_root;
	struct callchain_root	callchain;
	struct callchain_cursor	cursor;
};

/* track idle times per cpu */
static struct thread **idle_threads;
static int idle_max_cpu;
static char idle_comm[] = "<idle>";

static u64 get_nsecs(void)
{
	struct timespec ts;

	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);

	return ts.tv_sec * NSEC_PER_SEC + ts.tv_nsec;
}

static void burn_nsecs(struct perf_sched *sched, u64 nsecs)
{
	u64 T0 = get_nsecs(), T1;

	do {
		T1 = get_nsecs();
	} while (T1 + sched->run_measurement_overhead < T0 + nsecs);
}

static void sleep_nsecs(u64 nsecs)
{
	struct timespec ts;

	ts.tv_nsec = nsecs % 999999999;
	ts.tv_sec = nsecs / 999999999;

	nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
}

static void calibrate_run_measurement_overhead(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	u64 T0, T1, delta, min_delta = NSEC_PER_SEC;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		T0 = get_nsecs();
		burn_nsecs(sched, 0);
		T1 = get_nsecs();
		delta = T1-T0;
		min_delta = min(min_delta, delta);
	}
	sched->run_measurement_overhead = min_delta;

	printf("run measurement overhead: %" PRIu64 " nsecs\n", min_delta);
}

static void calibrate_sleep_measurement_overhead(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	u64 T0, T1, delta, min_delta = NSEC_PER_SEC;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
		T0 = get_nsecs();
		sleep_nsecs(10000);
		T1 = get_nsecs();
		delta = T1-T0;
		min_delta = min(min_delta, delta);
	}
	min_delta -= 10000;
	sched->sleep_measurement_overhead = min_delta;

	printf("sleep measurement overhead: %" PRIu64 " nsecs\n", min_delta);
}

static struct sched_atom *
get_new_event(struct task_desc *task, u64 timestamp)
{
	struct sched_atom *event = zalloc(sizeof(*event));
	unsigned long idx = task->nr_events;
	size_t size;

	event->timestamp = timestamp;
	event->nr = idx;

	task->nr_events++;
	size = sizeof(struct sched_atom *) * task->nr_events;
	task->atoms = realloc(task->atoms, size);
	BUG_ON(!task->atoms);

	task->atoms[idx] = event;

	return event;
}

static struct sched_atom *last_event(struct task_desc *task)
{
	if (!task->nr_events)
		return NULL;

	return task->atoms[task->nr_events - 1];
}

static void add_sched_event_run(struct perf_sched *sched, struct task_desc *task,
				u64 timestamp, u64 duration)
{
	struct sched_atom *event, *curr_event = last_event(task);

	/*
	 * optimize an existing RUN event by merging this one
	 * to it:
	 */
	if (curr_event && curr_event->type == SCHED_EVENT_RUN) {
		sched->nr_run_events_optimized++;
		curr_event->duration += duration;
		return;
	}

	event = get_new_event(task, timestamp);

	event->type = SCHED_EVENT_RUN;
	event->duration = duration;

	sched->nr_run_events++;
}

static void add_sched_event_wakeup(struct perf_sched *sched, struct task_desc *task,
				   u64 timestamp, struct task_desc *wakee)
{
	struct sched_atom *event, *wakee_event;

	event = get_new_event(task, timestamp);
	event->type = SCHED_EVENT_WAKEUP;
	event->wakee = wakee;

	wakee_event = last_event(wakee);
	if (!wakee_event || wakee_event->type != SCHED_EVENT_SLEEP) {
		sched->targetless_wakeups++;
		return;
	}
	if (wakee_event->wait_sem) {
		sched->multitarget_wakeups++;
		return;
	}

	wakee_event->wait_sem = zalloc(sizeof(*wakee_event->wait_sem));
	sem_init(wakee_event->wait_sem, 0, 0);
	event->wait_sem = wakee_event->wait_sem;

	sched->nr_wakeup_events++;
}

static void add_sched_event_sleep(struct perf_sched *sched, struct task_desc *task,
				  u64 timestamp)
{
	struct sched_atom *event = get_new_event(task, timestamp);

	event->type = SCHED_EVENT_SLEEP;

	sched->nr_sleep_events++;
}

static struct task_desc *register_pid(struct perf_sched *sched,
				      unsigned long pid, const char *comm)
{
	struct task_desc *task;
	static int pid_max;

	if (sched->pid_to_task == NULL) {
		if (sysctl__read_int("kernel/pid_max", &pid_max) < 0)
			pid_max = MAX_PID;
		BUG_ON((sched->pid_to_task = calloc(pid_max, sizeof(struct task_desc *))) == NULL);
	}
	if (pid >= (unsigned long)pid_max) {
		BUG_ON((sched->pid_to_task = realloc(sched->pid_to_task, (pid + 1) *
			sizeof(struct task_desc *))) == NULL);
		while (pid >= (unsigned long)pid_max)
			sched->pid_to_task[pid_max++] = NULL;
	}

	task = sched->pid_to_task[pid];

	if (task)
		return task;

	task = zalloc(sizeof(*task));
	task->pid = pid;
	task->nr = sched->nr_tasks;
	strcpy(task->comm, comm);
	/*
	 * every task starts in sleeping state - this gets ignored
	 * if there's no wakeup pointing to this sleep state:
	 */
	add_sched_event_sleep(sched, task, 0);

	sched->pid_to_task[pid] = task;
	sched->nr_tasks++;
	sched->tasks = realloc(sched->tasks, sched->nr_tasks * sizeof(struct task_desc *));
	BUG_ON(!sched->tasks);
	sched->tasks[task->nr] = task;

	if (verbose > 0)
		printf("registered task #%ld, PID %ld (%s)\n", sched->nr_tasks, pid, comm);

	return task;
}


static void print_task_traces(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	struct task_desc *task;
	unsigned long i;

	for (i = 0; i < sched->nr_tasks; i++) {
		task = sched->tasks[i];
		printf("task %6ld (%20s:%10ld), nr_events: %ld\n",
			task->nr, task->comm, task->pid, task->nr_events);
	}
}

static void add_cross_task_wakeups(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	struct task_desc *task1, *task2;
	unsigned long i, j;

	for (i = 0; i < sched->nr_tasks; i++) {
		task1 = sched->tasks[i];
		j = i + 1;
		if (j == sched->nr_tasks)
			j = 0;
		task2 = sched->tasks[j];
		add_sched_event_wakeup(sched, task1, 0, task2);
	}
}

static void perf_sched__process_event(struct perf_sched *sched,
				      struct sched_atom *atom)
{
	int ret = 0;

	switch (atom->type) {
		case SCHED_EVENT_RUN:
			burn_nsecs(sched, atom->duration);
			break;
		case SCHED_EVENT_SLEEP:
			if (atom->wait_sem)
				ret = sem_wait(atom->wait_sem);
			BUG_ON(ret);
			break;
		case SCHED_EVENT_WAKEUP:
			if (atom->wait_sem)
				ret = sem_post(atom->wait_sem);
			BUG_ON(ret);
			break;
		default:
			BUG_ON(1);
	}
}

static u64 get_cpu_usage_nsec_parent(void)
{
	struct rusage ru;
	u64 sum;
	int err;

	err = getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ru);
	BUG_ON(err);

	sum =  ru.ru_utime.tv_sec * NSEC_PER_SEC + ru.ru_utime.tv_usec * NSEC_PER_USEC;
	sum += ru.ru_stime.tv_sec * NSEC_PER_SEC + ru.ru_stime.tv_usec * NSEC_PER_USEC;

	return sum;
}

static int self_open_counters(struct perf_sched *sched, unsigned long cur_task)
{
	struct perf_event_attr attr;
	char sbuf[STRERR_BUFSIZE], info[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
	int fd;
	struct rlimit limit;
	bool need_privilege = false;

	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));

	attr.type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE;
	attr.config = PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK;

force_again:
	fd = sys_perf_event_open(&attr, 0, -1, -1,
				 perf_event_open_cloexec_flag());

	if (fd < 0) {
		if (errno == EMFILE) {
			if (sched->force) {
				BUG_ON(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &limit) == -1);
				limit.rlim_cur += sched->nr_tasks - cur_task;
				if (limit.rlim_cur > limit.rlim_max) {
					limit.rlim_max = limit.rlim_cur;
					need_privilege = true;
				}
				if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &limit) == -1) {
					if (need_privilege && errno == EPERM)
						strcpy(info, "Need privilege\n");
				} else
					goto force_again;
			} else
				strcpy(info, "Have a try with -f option\n");
		}
		pr_err("Error: sys_perf_event_open() syscall returned "
		       "with %d (%s)\n%s", fd,
		       str_error_r(errno, sbuf, sizeof(sbuf)), info);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	return fd;
}

static u64 get_cpu_usage_nsec_self(int fd)
{
	u64 runtime;
	int ret;

	ret = read(fd, &runtime, sizeof(runtime));
	BUG_ON(ret != sizeof(runtime));

	return runtime;
}

struct sched_thread_parms {
	struct task_desc  *task;
	struct perf_sched *sched;
	int fd;
};

static void *thread_func(void *ctx)
{
	struct sched_thread_parms *parms = ctx;
	struct task_desc *this_task = parms->task;
	struct perf_sched *sched = parms->sched;
	u64 cpu_usage_0, cpu_usage_1;
	unsigned long i, ret;
	char comm2[22];
	int fd = parms->fd;

	zfree(&parms);

	sprintf(comm2, ":%s", this_task->comm);
	prctl(PR_SET_NAME, comm2);
	if (fd < 0)
		return NULL;

	while (!sched->thread_funcs_exit) {
		ret = sem_post(&this_task->ready_for_work);
		BUG_ON(ret);
		mutex_lock(&sched->start_work_mutex);
		mutex_unlock(&sched->start_work_mutex);

		cpu_usage_0 = get_cpu_usage_nsec_self(fd);

		for (i = 0; i < this_task->nr_events; i++) {
			this_task->curr_event = i;
			perf_sched__process_event(sched, this_task->atoms[i]);
		}

		cpu_usage_1 = get_cpu_usage_nsec_self(fd);
		this_task->cpu_usage = cpu_usage_1 - cpu_usage_0;
		ret = sem_post(&this_task->work_done_sem);
		BUG_ON(ret);

		mutex_lock(&sched->work_done_wait_mutex);
		mutex_unlock(&sched->work_done_wait_mutex);
	}
	return NULL;
}

static void create_tasks(struct perf_sched *sched)
	EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_FUNCTION(sched->start_work_mutex)
	EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_FUNCTION(sched->work_done_wait_mutex)
{
	struct task_desc *task;
	pthread_attr_t attr;
	unsigned long i;
	int err;

	err = pthread_attr_init(&attr);
	BUG_ON(err);
	err = pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr,
			(size_t) max(16 * 1024, (int)PTHREAD_STACK_MIN));
	BUG_ON(err);
	mutex_lock(&sched->start_work_mutex);
	mutex_lock(&sched->work_done_wait_mutex);
	for (i = 0; i < sched->nr_tasks; i++) {
		struct sched_thread_parms *parms = malloc(sizeof(*parms));
		BUG_ON(parms == NULL);
		parms->task = task = sched->tasks[i];
		parms->sched = sched;
		parms->fd = self_open_counters(sched, i);
		sem_init(&task->ready_for_work, 0, 0);
		sem_init(&task->work_done_sem, 0, 0);
		task->curr_event = 0;
		err = pthread_create(&task->thread, &attr, thread_func, parms);
		BUG_ON(err);
	}
}

static void destroy_tasks(struct perf_sched *sched)
	UNLOCK_FUNCTION(sched->start_work_mutex)
	UNLOCK_FUNCTION(sched->work_done_wait_mutex)
{
	struct task_desc *task;
	unsigned long i;
	int err;

	mutex_unlock(&sched->start_work_mutex);
	mutex_unlock(&sched->work_done_wait_mutex);
	/* Get rid of threads so they won't be upset by mutex destrunction */
	for (i = 0; i < sched->nr_tasks; i++) {
		task = sched->tasks[i];
		err = pthread_join(task->thread, NULL);
		BUG_ON(err);
		sem_destroy(&task->ready_for_work);
		sem_destroy(&task->work_done_sem);
	}
}

static void wait_for_tasks(struct perf_sched *sched)
	EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(sched->work_done_wait_mutex)
	EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(sched->start_work_mutex)
{
	u64 cpu_usage_0, cpu_usage_1;
	struct task_desc *task;
	unsigned long i, ret;

	sched->start_time = get_nsecs();
	sched->cpu_usage = 0;
	mutex_unlock(&sched->work_done_wait_mutex);

	for (i = 0; i < sched->nr_tasks; i++) {
		task = sched->tasks[i];
		ret = sem_wait(&task->ready_for_work);
		BUG_ON(ret);
		sem_init(&task->ready_for_work, 0, 0);
	}
	mutex_lock(&sched->work_done_wait_mutex);

	cpu_usage_0 = get_cpu_usage_nsec_parent();

	mutex_unlock(&sched->start_work_mutex);

	for (i = 0; i < sched->nr_tasks; i++) {
		task = sched->tasks[i];
		ret = sem_wait(&task->work_done_sem);
		BUG_ON(ret);
		sem_init(&task->work_done_sem, 0, 0);
		sched->cpu_usage += task->cpu_usage;
		task->cpu_usage = 0;
	}

	cpu_usage_1 = get_cpu_usage_nsec_parent();
	if (!sched->runavg_cpu_usage)
		sched->runavg_cpu_usage = sched->cpu_usage;
	sched->runavg_cpu_usage = (sched->runavg_cpu_usage * (sched->replay_repeat - 1) + sched->cpu_usage) / sched->replay_repeat;

	sched->parent_cpu_usage = cpu_usage_1 - cpu_usage_0;
	if (!sched->runavg_parent_cpu_usage)
		sched->runavg_parent_cpu_usage = sched->parent_cpu_usage;
	sched->runavg_parent_cpu_usage = (sched->runavg_parent_cpu_usage * (sched->replay_repeat - 1) +
					 sched->parent_cpu_usage)/sched->replay_repeat;

	mutex_lock(&sched->start_work_mutex);

	for (i = 0; i < sched->nr_tasks; i++) {
		task = sched->tasks[i];
		task->curr_event = 0;
	}
}

static void run_one_test(struct perf_sched *sched)
	EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(sched->work_done_wait_mutex)
	EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(sched->start_work_mutex)
{
	u64 T0, T1, delta, avg_delta, fluct;

	T0 = get_nsecs();
	wait_for_tasks(sched);
	T1 = get_nsecs();

	delta = T1 - T0;
	sched->sum_runtime += delta;
	sched->nr_runs++;

	avg_delta = sched->sum_runtime / sched->nr_runs;
	if (delta < avg_delta)
		fluct = avg_delta - delta;
	else
		fluct = delta - avg_delta;
	sched->sum_fluct += fluct;
	if (!sched->run_avg)
		sched->run_avg = delta;
	sched->run_avg = (sched->run_avg * (sched->replay_repeat - 1) + delta) / sched->replay_repeat;

	printf("#%-3ld: %0.3f, ", sched->nr_runs, (double)delta / NSEC_PER_MSEC);

	printf("ravg: %0.2f, ", (double)sched->run_avg / NSEC_PER_MSEC);

	printf("cpu: %0.2f / %0.2f",
		(double)sched->cpu_usage / NSEC_PER_MSEC, (double)sched->runavg_cpu_usage / NSEC_PER_MSEC);

#if 0
	/*
	 * rusage statistics done by the parent, these are less
	 * accurate than the sched->sum_exec_runtime based statistics:
	 */
	printf(" [%0.2f / %0.2f]",
		(double)sched->parent_cpu_usage / NSEC_PER_MSEC,
		(double)sched->runavg_parent_cpu_usage / NSEC_PER_MSEC);
#endif

	printf("\n");

	if (sched->nr_sleep_corrections)
		printf(" (%ld sleep corrections)\n", sched->nr_sleep_corrections);
	sched->nr_sleep_corrections = 0;
}

static void test_calibrations(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	u64 T0, T1;

	T0 = get_nsecs();
	burn_nsecs(sched, NSEC_PER_MSEC);
	T1 = get_nsecs();

	printf("the run test took %" PRIu64 " nsecs\n", T1 - T0);

	T0 = get_nsecs();
	sleep_nsecs(NSEC_PER_MSEC);
	T1 = get_nsecs();

	printf("the sleep test took %" PRIu64 " nsecs\n", T1 - T0);
}

static int
replay_wakeup_event(struct perf_sched *sched,
		    struct evsel *evsel, struct perf_sample *sample,
		    struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
{
	const char *comm = evsel__strval(evsel, sample, "comm");
	const u32 pid	 = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "pid");
	struct task_desc *waker, *wakee;

	if (verbose > 0) {
		printf("sched_wakeup event %p\n", evsel);

		printf(" ... pid %d woke up %s/%d\n", sample->tid, comm, pid);
	}

	waker = register_pid(sched, sample->tid, "<unknown>");
	wakee = register_pid(sched, pid, comm);

	add_sched_event_wakeup(sched, waker, sample->time, wakee);
	return 0;
}

static int replay_switch_event(struct perf_sched *sched,
			       struct evsel *evsel,
			       struct perf_sample *sample,
			       struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
{
	const char *prev_comm  = evsel__strval(evsel, sample, "prev_comm"),
		   *next_comm  = evsel__strval(evsel, sample, "next_comm");
	const u32 prev_pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "prev_pid"),
		  next_pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "next_pid");
	struct task_desc *prev, __maybe_unused *next;
	u64 timestamp0, timestamp = sample->time;
	int cpu = sample->cpu;
	s64 delta;

	if (verbose > 0)
		printf("sched_switch event %p\n", evsel);

	if (cpu >= MAX_CPUS || cpu < 0)
		return 0;

	timestamp0 = sched->cpu_last_switched[cpu];
	if (timestamp0)
		delta = timestamp - timestamp0;
	else
		delta = 0;

	if (delta < 0) {
		pr_err("hm, delta: %" PRIu64 " < 0 ?\n", delta);
		return -1;
	}

	pr_debug(" ... switch from %s/%d to %s/%d [ran %" PRIu64 " nsecs]\n",
		 prev_comm, prev_pid, next_comm, next_pid, delta);

	prev = register_pid(sched, prev_pid, prev_comm);
	next = register_pid(sched, next_pid, next_comm);

	sched->cpu_last_switched[cpu] = timestamp;

	add_sched_event_run(sched, prev, timestamp, delta);
	add_sched_event_sleep(sched, prev, timestamp);

	return 0;
}

static int replay_fork_event(struct perf_sched *sched,
			     union perf_event *event,
			     struct machine *machine)
{
	struct thread *child, *parent;

	child = machine__findnew_thread(machine, event->fork.pid,
					event->fork.tid);
	parent = machine__findnew_thread(machine, event->fork.ppid,
					 event->fork.ptid);

	if (child == NULL || parent == NULL) {
		pr_debug("thread does not exist on fork event: child %p, parent %p\n",
				 child, parent);
		goto out_put;
	}

	if (verbose > 0) {
		printf("fork event\n");
		printf("... parent: %s/%d\n", thread__comm_str(parent), thread__tid(parent));
		printf("...  child: %s/%d\n", thread__comm_str(child), thread__tid(child));
	}

	register_pid(sched, thread__tid(parent), thread__comm_str(parent));
	register_pid(sched, thread__tid(child), thread__comm_str(child));
out_put:
	thread__put(child);
	thread__put(parent);
	return 0;
}

struct sort_dimension {
	const char		*name;
	sort_fn_t		cmp;
	struct list_head	list;
};

static inline void init_prio(struct thread_runtime *r)
{
	r->prio = -1;
}

/*
 * handle runtime stats saved per thread
 */
static struct thread_runtime *thread__init_runtime(struct thread *thread)
{
	struct thread_runtime *r;

	r = zalloc(sizeof(struct thread_runtime));
	if (!r)
		return NULL;

	init_stats(&r->run_stats);
	init_prio(r);
	thread__set_priv(thread, r);

	return r;
}

static struct thread_runtime *thread__get_runtime(struct thread *thread)
{
	struct thread_runtime *tr;

	tr = thread__priv(thread);
	if (tr == NULL) {
		tr = thread__init_runtime(thread);
		if (tr == NULL)
			pr_debug("Failed to malloc memory for runtime data.\n");
	}

	return tr;
}

static int
thread_lat_cmp(struct list_head *list, struct work_atoms *l, struct work_atoms *r)
{
	struct sort_dimension *sort;
	int ret = 0;

	BUG_ON(list_empty(list));

	list_for_each_entry(sort, list, list) {
		ret = sort->cmp(l, r);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	return ret;
}

static struct work_atoms *
thread_atoms_search(struct rb_root_cached *root, struct thread *thread,
			 struct list_head *sort_list)
{
	struct rb_node *node = root->rb_root.rb_node;
	struct work_atoms key = { .thread = thread };

	while (node) {
		struct work_atoms *atoms;
		int cmp;

		atoms = container_of(node, struct work_atoms, node);

		cmp = thread_lat_cmp(sort_list, &key, atoms);
		if (cmp > 0)
			node = node->rb_left;
		else if (cmp < 0)
			node = node->rb_right;
		else {
			BUG_ON(!RC_CHK_EQUAL(thread, atoms->thread));
			return atoms;
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}

static void
__thread_latency_insert(struct rb_root_cached *root, struct work_atoms *data,
			 struct list_head *sort_list)
{
	struct rb_node **new = &(root->rb_root.rb_node), *parent = NULL;
	bool leftmost = true;

	while (*new) {
		struct work_atoms *this;
		int cmp;

		this = container_of(*new, struct work_atoms, node);
		parent = *new;

		cmp = thread_lat_cmp(sort_list, data, this);

		if (cmp > 0)
			new = &((*new)->rb_left);
		else {
			new = &((*new)->rb_right);
			leftmost = false;
		}
	}

	rb_link_node(&data->node, parent, new);
	rb_insert_color_cached(&data->node, root, leftmost);
}

static int thread_atoms_insert(struct perf_sched *sched, struct thread *thread)
{
	struct work_atoms *atoms = zalloc(sizeof(*atoms));
	if (!atoms) {
		pr_err("No memory at %s\n", __func__);
		return -1;
	}

	atoms->thread = thread__get(thread);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&atoms->work_list);
	__thread_latency_insert(&sched->atom_root, atoms, &sched->cmp_pid);
	return 0;
}

static int
add_sched_out_event(struct work_atoms *atoms,
		    char run_state,
		    u64 timestamp)
{
	struct work_atom *atom = zalloc(sizeof(*atom));
	if (!atom) {
		pr_err("Non memory at %s", __func__);
		return -1;
	}

	atom->sched_out_time = timestamp;

	if (run_state == 'R') {
		atom->state = THREAD_WAIT_CPU;
		atom->wake_up_time = atom->sched_out_time;
	}

	list_add_tail(&atom->list, &atoms->work_list);
	return 0;
}

static void
add_runtime_event(struct work_atoms *atoms, u64 delta,
		  u64 timestamp __maybe_unused)
{
	struct work_atom *atom;

	BUG_ON(list_empty(&atoms->work_list));

	atom = list_entry(atoms->work_list.prev, struct work_atom, list);

	atom->runtime += delta;
	atoms->total_runtime += delta;
}

static void
add_sched_in_event(struct work_atoms *atoms, u64 timestamp)
{
	struct work_atom *atom;
	u64 delta;

	if (list_empty(&atoms->work_list))
		return;

	atom = list_entry(atoms->work_list.prev, struct work_atom, list);

	if (atom->state != THREAD_WAIT_CPU)
		return;

	if (timestamp < atom->wake_up_time) {
		atom->state = THREAD_IGNORE;
		return;
	}

	atom->state = THREAD_SCHED_IN;
	atom->sched_in_time = timestamp;

	delta = atom->sched_in_time - atom->wake_up_time;
	atoms->total_lat += delta;
	if (delta > atoms->max_lat) {
		atoms->max_lat = delta;
		atoms->max_lat_start = atom->wake_up_time;
		atoms->max_lat_end = timestamp;
	}
	atoms->nb_atoms++;
}

static void free_work_atoms(struct work_atoms *atoms)
{
	struct work_atom *atom, *tmp;

	if (atoms == NULL)
		return;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(atom, tmp, &atoms->work_list, list) {
		list_del(&atom->list);
		free(atom);
	}
	thread__zput(atoms->thread);
	free(atoms);
}

static int latency_switch_event(struct perf_sched *sched,
				struct evsel *evsel,
				struct perf_sample *sample,
				struct machine *machine)
{
	const u32 prev_pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "prev_pid"),
		  next_pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "next_pid");
	const char prev_state = evsel__taskstate(evsel, sample, "prev_state");
	struct work_atoms *out_events, *in_events;
	struct thread *sched_out, *sched_in;
	u64 timestamp0, timestamp = sample->time;
	int cpu = sample->cpu, err = -1;
	s64 delta;

	BUG_ON(cpu >= MAX_CPUS || cpu < 0);

	timestamp0 = sched->cpu_last_switched[cpu];
	sched->cpu_last_switched[cpu] = timestamp;
	if (timestamp0)
		delta = timestamp - timestamp0;
	else
		delta = 0;

	if (delta < 0) {
		pr_err("hm, delta: %" PRIu64 " < 0 ?\n", delta);
		return -1;
	}

	sched_out = machine__findnew_thread(machine, -1, prev_pid);
	sched_in = machine__findnew_thread(machine, -1, next_pid);
	if (sched_out == NULL || sched_in == NULL)
		goto out_put;

	out_events = thread_atoms_search(&sched->atom_root, sched_out, &sched->cmp_pid);
	if (!out_events) {
		if (thread_atoms_insert(sched, sched_out))
			goto out_put;
		out_events = thread_atoms_search(&sched->atom_root, sched_out, &sched->cmp_pid);
		if (!out_events) {
			pr_err("out-event: Internal tree error");
			goto out_put;
		}
	}
	if (add_sched_out_event(out_events, prev_state, timestamp))
		return -1;

	in_events = thread_atoms_search(&sched->atom_root, sched_in, &sched->cmp_pid);
	if (!in_events) {
		if (thread_atoms_insert(sched, sched_in))
			goto out_put;
		in_events = thread_atoms_search(&sched->atom_root, sched_in, &sched->cmp_pid);
		if (!in_events) {
			pr_err("in-event: Internal tree error");
			goto out_put;
		}
		/*
		 * Take came in we have not heard about yet,
		 * add in an initial atom in runnable state:
		 */
		if (add_sched_out_event(in_events, 'R', timestamp))
			goto out_put;
	}
	add_sched_in_event(in_events, timestamp);
	err = 0;
out_put:
	thread__put(sched_out);
	thread__put(sched_in);
	return err;
}

static int latency_runtime_event(struct perf_sched *sched,
				 struct evsel *evsel,
				 struct perf_sample *sample,
				 struct machine *machine)
{
	const u32 pid	   = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "pid");
	const u64 runtime  = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "runtime");
	struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(machine, -1, pid);
	struct work_atoms *atoms = thread_atoms_search(&sched->atom_root, thread, &sched->cmp_pid);
	u64 timestamp = sample->time;
	int cpu = sample->cpu, err = -1;

	if (thread == NULL)
		return -1;

	BUG_ON(cpu >= MAX_CPUS || cpu < 0);
	if (!atoms) {
		if (thread_atoms_insert(sched, thread))
			goto out_put;
		atoms = thread_atoms_search(&sched->atom_root, thread, &sched->cmp_pid);
		if (!atoms) {
			pr_err("in-event: Internal tree error");
			goto out_put;
		}
		if (add_sched_out_event(atoms, 'R', timestamp))
			goto out_put;
	}

	add_runtime_event(atoms, runtime, timestamp);
	err = 0;
out_put:
	thread__put(thread);
	return err;
}

static int latency_wakeup_event(struct perf_sched *sched,
				struct evsel *evsel,
				struct perf_sample *sample,
				struct machine *machine)
{
	const u32 pid	  = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "pid");
	struct work_atoms *atoms;
	struct work_atom *atom;
	struct thread *wakee;
	u64 timestamp = sample->time;
	int err = -1;

	wakee = machine__findnew_thread(machine, -1, pid);
	if (wakee == NULL)
		return -1;
	atoms = thread_atoms_search(&sched->atom_root, wakee, &sched->cmp_pid);
	if (!atoms) {
		if (thread_atoms_insert(sched, wakee))
			goto out_put;
		atoms = thread_atoms_search(&sched->atom_root, wakee, &sched->cmp_pid);
		if (!atoms) {
			pr_err("wakeup-event: Internal tree error");
			goto out_put;
		}
		if (add_sched_out_event(atoms, 'S', timestamp))
			goto out_put;
	}

	BUG_ON(list_empty(&atoms->work_list));

	atom = list_entry(atoms->work_list.prev, struct work_atom, list);

	/*
	 * As we do not guarantee the wakeup event happens when
	 * task is out of run queue, also may happen when task is
	 * on run queue and wakeup only change ->state to TASK_RUNNING,
	 * then we should not set the ->wake_up_time when wake up a
	 * task which is on run queue.
	 *
	 * You WILL be missing events if you've recorded only
	 * one CPU, or are only looking at only one, so don't
	 * skip in this case.
	 */
	if (sched->profile_cpu == -1 && atom->state != THREAD_SLEEPING)
		goto out_ok;

	sched->nr_timestamps++;
	if (atom->sched_out_time > timestamp) {
		sched->nr_unordered_timestamps++;
		goto out_ok;
	}

	atom->state = THREAD_WAIT_CPU;
	atom->wake_up_time = timestamp;
out_ok:
	err = 0;
out_put:
	thread__put(wakee);
	return err;
}

static int latency_migrate_task_event(struct perf_sched *sched,
				      struct evsel *evsel,
				      struct perf_sample *sample,
				      struct machine *machine)
{
	const u32 pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "pid");
	u64 timestamp = sample->time;
	struct work_atoms *atoms;
	struct work_atom *atom;
	struct thread *migrant;
	int err = -1;

	/*
	 * Only need to worry about migration when profiling one CPU.
	 */
	if (sched->profile_cpu == -1)
		return 0;

	migrant = machine__findnew_thread(machine, -1, pid);
	if (migrant == NULL)
		return -1;
	atoms = thread_atoms_search(&sched->atom_root, migrant, &sched->cmp_pid);
	if (!atoms) {
		if (thread_atoms_insert(sched, migrant))
			goto out_put;
		register_pid(sched, thread__tid(migrant), thread__comm_str(migrant));
		atoms = thread_atoms_search(&sched->atom_root, migrant, &sched->cmp_pid);
		if (!atoms) {
			pr_err("migration-event: Internal tree error");
			goto out_put;
		}
		if (add_sched_out_event(atoms, 'R', timestamp))
			goto out_put;
	}

	BUG_ON(list_empty(&atoms->work_list));

	atom = list_entry(atoms->work_list.prev, struct work_atom, list);
	atom->sched_in_time = atom->sched_out_time = atom->wake_up_time = timestamp;

	sched->nr_timestamps++;

	if (atom->sched_out_time > timestamp)
		sched->nr_unordered_timestamps++;
	err = 0;
out_put:
	thread__put(migrant);
	return err;
}

static void output_lat_thread(struct perf_sched *sched, struct work_atoms *work_list)
{
	int i;
	int ret;
	u64 avg;
	char max_lat_start[32], max_lat_end[32];

	if (!work_list->nb_atoms)
		return;
	/*
	 * Ignore idle threads:
	 */
	if (!strcmp(thread__comm_str(work_list->thread), "swapper"))
		return;

	sched->all_runtime += work_list->total_runtime;
	sched->all_count   += work_list->nb_atoms;

	if (work_list->num_merged > 1) {
		ret = printf("  %s:(%d) ", thread__comm_str(work_list->thread),
			     work_list->num_merged);
	} else {
		ret = printf("  %s:%d ", thread__comm_str(work_list->thread),
			     thread__tid(work_list->thread));
	}

	for (i = 0; i < 24 - ret; i++)
		printf(" ");

	avg = work_list->total_lat / work_list->nb_atoms;
	timestamp__scnprintf_usec(work_list->max_lat_start, max_lat_start, sizeof(max_lat_start));
	timestamp__scnprintf_usec(work_list->max_lat_end, max_lat_end, sizeof(max_lat_end));

	printf("|%11.3f ms |%9" PRIu64 " | avg:%8.3f ms | max:%8.3f ms | max start: %12s s | max end: %12s s\n",
	      (double)work_list->total_runtime / NSEC_PER_MSEC,
		 work_list->nb_atoms, (double)avg / NSEC_PER_MSEC,
		 (double)work_list->max_lat / NSEC_PER_MSEC,
		 max_lat_start, max_lat_end);
}

static int pid_cmp(struct work_atoms *l, struct work_atoms *r)
{
	pid_t l_tid, r_tid;

	if (RC_CHK_EQUAL(l->thread, r->thread))
		return 0;
	l_tid = thread__tid(l->thread);
	r_tid = thread__tid(r->thread);
	if (l_tid < r_tid)
		return -1;
	if (l_tid > r_tid)
		return 1;
	return (int)(RC_CHK_ACCESS(l->thread) - RC_CHK_ACCESS(r->thread));
}

static int avg_cmp(struct work_atoms *l, struct work_atoms *r)
{
	u64 avgl, avgr;

	if (!l->nb_atoms)
		return -1;

	if (!r->nb_atoms)
		return 1;

	avgl = l->total_lat / l->nb_atoms;
	avgr = r->total_lat / r->nb_atoms;

	if (avgl < avgr)
		return -1;
	if (avgl > avgr)
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

static int max_cmp(struct work_atoms *l, struct work_atoms *r)
{
	if (l->max_lat < r->max_lat)
		return -1;
	if (l->max_lat > r->max_lat)
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

static int switch_cmp(struct work_atoms *l, struct work_atoms *r)
{
	if (l->nb_atoms < r->nb_atoms)
		return -1;
	if (l->nb_atoms > r->nb_atoms)
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

static int runtime_cmp(struct work_atoms *l, struct work_atoms *r)
{
	if (l->total_runtime < r->total_runtime)
		return -1;
	if (l->total_runtime > r->total_runtime)
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

static int sort_dimension__add(const char *tok, struct list_head *list)
{
	size_t i;
	static struct sort_dimension avg_sort_dimension = {
		.name = "avg",
		.cmp  = avg_cmp,
	};
	static struct sort_dimension max_sort_dimension = {
		.name = "max",
		.cmp  = max_cmp,
	};
	static struct sort_dimension pid_sort_dimension = {
		.name = "pid",
		.cmp  = pid_cmp,
	};
	static struct sort_dimension runtime_sort_dimension = {
		.name = "runtime",
		.cmp  = runtime_cmp,
	};
	static struct sort_dimension switch_sort_dimension = {
		.name = "switch",
		.cmp  = switch_cmp,
	};
	struct sort_dimension *available_sorts[] = {
		&pid_sort_dimension,
		&avg_sort_dimension,
		&max_sort_dimension,
		&switch_sort_dimension,
		&runtime_sort_dimension,
	};

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(available_sorts); i++) {
		if (!strcmp(available_sorts[i]->name, tok)) {
			list_add_tail(&available_sorts[i]->list, list);

			return 0;
		}
	}

	return -1;
}

static void perf_sched__sort_lat(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	struct rb_node *node;
	struct rb_root_cached *root = &sched->atom_root;
again:
	for (;;) {
		struct work_atoms *data;
		node = rb_first_cached(root);
		if (!node)
			break;

		rb_erase_cached(node, root);
		data = rb_entry(node, struct work_atoms, node);
		__thread_latency_insert(&sched->sorted_atom_root, data, &sched->sort_list);
	}
	if (root == &sched->atom_root) {
		root = &sched->merged_atom_root;
		goto again;
	}
}

static int process_sched_wakeup_event(const struct perf_tool *tool,
				      struct evsel *evsel,
				      struct perf_sample *sample,
				      struct machine *machine)
{
	struct perf_sched *sched = container_of(tool, struct perf_sched, tool);

	if (sched->tp_handler->wakeup_event)
		return sched->tp_handler->wakeup_event(sched, evsel, sample, machine);

	return 0;
}

static int process_sched_wakeup_ignore(const struct perf_tool *tool __maybe_unused,
				      struct evsel *evsel __maybe_unused,
				      struct perf_sample *sample __maybe_unused,
				      struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
{
	return 0;
}

static bool thread__has_color(struct thread *thread)
{
	return thread__priv(thread) != NULL;
}

static struct thread*
map__findnew_thread(struct perf_sched *sched, struct machine *machine, pid_t pid, pid_t tid)
{
	struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(machine, pid, tid);
	bool color = false;

	if (!sched->map.color_pids || !thread || thread__priv(thread))
		return thread;

	if (thread_map__has(sched->map.color_pids, tid))
		color = true;

	thread__set_priv(thread, color ? ((void*)1) : NULL);
	return thread;
}

static bool sched_match_task(struct perf_sched *sched, const char *comm_str)
{
	bool fuzzy_match = sched->map.fuzzy;
	struct strlist *task_names = sched->map.task_names;
	struct str_node *node;

	strlist__for_each_entry(node, task_names) {
		bool match_found = fuzzy_match ? !!strstr(comm_str, node->s) :
							!strcmp(comm_str, node->s);
		if (match_found)
			return true;
	}

	return false;
}

static void print_sched_map(struct perf_sched *sched, struct perf_cpu this_cpu, int cpus_nr,
								const char *color, bool sched_out)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < cpus_nr; i++) {
		struct perf_cpu cpu = {
			.cpu = sched->map.comp ? sched->map.comp_cpus[i].cpu : i,
		};
		struct thread *curr_thread = sched->curr_thread[cpu.cpu];
		struct thread *curr_out_thread = sched->curr_out_thread[cpu.cpu];
		struct thread_runtime *curr_tr;
		const char *pid_color = color;
		const char *cpu_color = color;
		char symbol = ' ';
		struct thread *thread_to_check = sched_out ? curr_out_thread : curr_thread;

		if (thread_to_check && thread__has_color(thread_to_check))
			pid_color = COLOR_PIDS;

		if (sched->map.color_cpus && perf_cpu_map__has(sched->map.color_cpus, cpu))
			cpu_color = COLOR_CPUS;

		if (cpu.cpu == this_cpu.cpu)
			symbol = '*';

		color_fprintf(stdout, cpu.cpu != this_cpu.cpu ? color : cpu_color, "%c", symbol);

		thread_to_check = sched_out ? sched->curr_out_thread[cpu.cpu] :
								sched->curr_thread[cpu.cpu];

		if (thread_to_check) {
			curr_tr = thread__get_runtime(thread_to_check);
			if (curr_tr == NULL)
				return;

			if (sched_out) {
				if (cpu.cpu == this_cpu.cpu)
					color_fprintf(stdout, color, "-  ");
				else {
					curr_tr = thread__get_runtime(sched->curr_thread[cpu.cpu]);
					if (curr_tr != NULL)
						color_fprintf(stdout, pid_color, "%2s ",
										curr_tr->shortname);
				}
			} else
				color_fprintf(stdout, pid_color, "%2s ", curr_tr->shortname);
		} else
			color_fprintf(stdout, color, "   ");
	}
}

static int map_switch_event(struct perf_sched *sched, struct evsel *evsel,
			    struct perf_sample *sample, struct machine *machine)
{
	const u32 next_pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "next_pid");
	const u32 prev_pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "prev_pid");
	struct thread *sched_in, *sched_out;
	struct thread_runtime *tr;
	int new_shortname;
	u64 timestamp0, timestamp = sample->time;
	s64 delta;
	struct perf_cpu this_cpu = {
		.cpu = sample->cpu,
	};
	int cpus_nr;
	int proceed;
	bool new_cpu = false;
	const char *color = PERF_COLOR_NORMAL;
	char stimestamp[32];
	const char *str;
	int ret = -1;

	BUG_ON(this_cpu.cpu >= MAX_CPUS || this_cpu.cpu < 0);

	if (this_cpu.cpu > sched->max_cpu.cpu)
		sched->max_cpu = this_cpu;

	if (sched->map.comp) {
		cpus_nr = bitmap_weight(sched->map.comp_cpus_mask, MAX_CPUS);
		if (!__test_and_set_bit(this_cpu.cpu, sched->map.comp_cpus_mask)) {
			sched->map.comp_cpus[cpus_nr++] = this_cpu;
			new_cpu = true;
		}
	} else
		cpus_nr = sched->max_cpu.cpu;

	timestamp0 = sched->cpu_last_switched[this_cpu.cpu];
	sched->cpu_last_switched[this_cpu.cpu] = timestamp;
	if (timestamp0)
		delta = timestamp - timestamp0;
	else
		delta = 0;

	if (delta < 0) {
		pr_err("hm, delta: %" PRIu64 " < 0 ?\n", delta);
		return -1;
	}

	sched_in = map__findnew_thread(sched, machine, -1, next_pid);
	sched_out = map__findnew_thread(sched, machine, -1, prev_pid);
	if (sched_in == NULL || sched_out == NULL)
		goto out;

	tr = thread__get_runtime(sched_in);
	if (tr == NULL)
		goto out;

	thread__put(sched->curr_thread[this_cpu.cpu]);
	thread__put(sched->curr_out_thread[this_cpu.cpu]);

	sched->curr_thread[this_cpu.cpu] = thread__get(sched_in);
	sched->curr_out_thread[this_cpu.cpu] = thread__get(sched_out);

	ret = 0;

	str = thread__comm_str(sched_in);
	new_shortname = 0;
	if (!tr->shortname[0]) {
		if (!strcmp(thread__comm_str(sched_in), "swapper")) {
			/*
			 * Don't allocate a letter-number for swapper:0
			 * as a shortname. Instead, we use '.' for it.
			 */
			tr->shortname[0] = '.';
			tr->shortname[1] = ' ';
		} else if (!sched->map.task_name || sched_match_task(sched, str)) {
			tr->shortname[0] = sched->next_shortname1;
			tr->shortname[1] = sched->next_shortname2;

			if (sched->next_shortname1 < 'Z') {
				sched->next_shortname1++;
			} else {
				sched->next_shortname1 = 'A';
				if (sched->next_shortname2 < '9')
					sched->next_shortname2++;
				else
					sched->next_shortname2 = '0';
			}
		} else {
			tr->shortname[0] = '-';
			tr->shortname[1] = ' ';
		}
		new_shortname = 1;
	}

	if (sched->map.cpus && !perf_cpu_map__has(sched->map.cpus, this_cpu))
		goto out;

	proceed = 0;
	str = thread__comm_str(sched_in);
	/*
	 * Check which of sched_in and sched_out matches the passed --task-name
	 * arguments and call the corresponding print_sched_map.
	 */
	if (sched->map.task_name && !sched_match_task(sched, str)) {
		if (!sched_match_task(sched, thread__comm_str(sched_out)))
			goto out;
		else
			goto sched_out;

	} else {
		str = thread__comm_str(sched_out);
		if (!(sched->map.task_name && !sched_match_task(sched, str)))
			proceed = 1;
	}

	printf("  ");

	print_sched_map(sched, this_cpu, cpus_nr, color, false);

	timestamp__scnprintf_usec(timestamp, stimestamp, sizeof(stimestamp));
	color_fprintf(stdout, color, "  %12s secs ", stimestamp);
	if (new_shortname || tr->comm_changed || (verbose > 0 && thread__tid(sched_in))) {
		const char *pid_color = color;

		if (thread__has_color(sched_in))
			pid_color = COLOR_PIDS;

		color_fprintf(stdout, pid_color, "%s => %s:%d",
			tr->shortname, thread__comm_str(sched_in), thread__tid(sched_in));
		tr->comm_changed = false;
	}

	if (sched->map.comp && new_cpu)
		color_fprintf(stdout, color, " (CPU %d)", this_cpu.cpu);

	if (proceed != 1) {
		color_fprintf(stdout, color, "\n");
		goto out;
	}

sched_out:
	if (sched->map.task_name) {
		tr = thread__get_runtime(sched->curr_out_thread[this_cpu.cpu]);
		if (strcmp(tr->shortname, "") == 0)
			goto out;

		if (proceed == 1)
			color_fprintf(stdout, color, "\n");

		printf("  ");
		print_sched_map(sched, this_cpu, cpus_nr, color, true);
		timestamp__scnprintf_usec(timestamp, stimestamp, sizeof(stimestamp));
		color_fprintf(stdout, color, "  %12s secs ", stimestamp);
	}

	color_fprintf(stdout, color, "\n");

out:
	thread__put(sched_out);
	thread__put(sched_in);

	return ret;
}

static int process_sched_switch_event(const struct perf_tool *tool,
				      struct evsel *evsel,
				      struct perf_sample *sample,
				      struct machine *machine)
{
	struct perf_sched *sched = container_of(tool, struct perf_sched, tool);
	int this_cpu = sample->cpu, err = 0;
	u32 prev_pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "prev_pid"),
	    next_pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "next_pid");

	if (sched->curr_pid[this_cpu] != (u32)-1) {
		/*
		 * Are we trying to switch away a PID that is
		 * not current?
		 */
		if (sched->curr_pid[this_cpu] != prev_pid)
			sched->nr_context_switch_bugs++;
	}

	if (sched->tp_handler->switch_event)
		err = sched->tp_handler->switch_event(sched, evsel, sample, machine);

	sched->curr_pid[this_cpu] = next_pid;
	return err;
}

static int process_sched_runtime_event(const struct perf_tool *tool,
				       struct evsel *evsel,
				       struct perf_sample *sample,
				       struct machine *machine)
{
	struct perf_sched *sched = container_of(tool, struct perf_sched, tool);

	if (sched->tp_handler->runtime_event)
		return sched->tp_handler->runtime_event(sched, evsel, sample, machine);

	return 0;
}

static int perf_sched__process_fork_event(const struct perf_tool *tool,
					  union perf_event *event,
					  struct perf_sample *sample,
					  struct machine *machine)
{
	struct perf_sched *sched = container_of(tool, struct perf_sched, tool);

	/* run the fork event through the perf machinery */
	perf_event__process_fork(tool, event, sample, machine);

	/* and then run additional processing needed for this command */
	if (sched->tp_handler->fork_event)
		return sched->tp_handler->fork_event(sched, event, machine);

	return 0;
}

static int process_sched_migrate_task_event(const struct perf_tool *tool,
					    struct evsel *evsel,
					    struct perf_sample *sample,
					    struct machine *machine)
{
	struct perf_sched *sched = container_of(tool, struct perf_sched, tool);

	if (sched->tp_handler->migrate_task_event)
		return sched->tp_handler->migrate_task_event(sched, evsel, sample, machine);

	return 0;
}

typedef int (*tracepoint_handler)(const struct perf_tool *tool,
				  struct evsel *evsel,
				  struct perf_sample *sample,
				  struct machine *machine);

static int perf_sched__process_tracepoint_sample(const struct perf_tool *tool __maybe_unused,
						 union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
						 struct perf_sample *sample,
						 struct evsel *evsel,
						 struct machine *machine)
{
	int err = 0;

	if (evsel->handler != NULL) {
		tracepoint_handler f = evsel->handler;
		err = f(tool, evsel, sample, machine);
	}

	return err;
}

static int perf_sched__process_comm(const struct perf_tool *tool __maybe_unused,
				    union perf_event *event,
				    struct perf_sample *sample,
				    struct machine *machine)
{
	struct thread *thread;
	struct thread_runtime *tr;
	int err;

	err = perf_event__process_comm(tool, event, sample, machine);
	if (err)
		return err;

	thread = machine__find_thread(machine, sample->pid, sample->tid);
	if (!thread) {
		pr_err("Internal error: can't find thread\n");
		return -1;
	}

	tr = thread__get_runtime(thread);
	if (tr == NULL) {
		thread__put(thread);
		return -1;
	}

	tr->comm_changed = true;
	thread__put(thread);

	return 0;
}

static int perf_sched__read_events(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	struct evsel_str_handler handlers[] = {
		{ "sched:sched_switch",	      process_sched_switch_event, },
		{ "sched:sched_stat_runtime", process_sched_runtime_event, },
		{ "sched:sched_wakeup",	      process_sched_wakeup_event, },
		{ "sched:sched_waking",	      process_sched_wakeup_event, },
		{ "sched:sched_wakeup_new",   process_sched_wakeup_event, },
		{ "sched:sched_migrate_task", process_sched_migrate_task_event, },
	};
	struct perf_session *session;
	struct perf_data data = {
		.path  = input_name,
		.mode  = PERF_DATA_MODE_READ,
		.force = sched->force,
	};
	int rc = -1;

	session = perf_session__new(&data, &sched->tool);
	if (IS_ERR(session)) {
		pr_debug("Error creating perf session");
		return PTR_ERR(session);
	}

	symbol__init(perf_session__env(session));

	/* prefer sched_waking if it is captured */
	if (evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist, "sched:sched_waking"))
		handlers[2].handler = process_sched_wakeup_ignore;

	if (perf_session__set_tracepoints_handlers(session, handlers))
		goto out_delete;

	if (perf_session__has_traces(session, "record -R")) {
		int err = perf_session__process_events(session);
		if (err) {
			pr_err("Failed to process events, error %d", err);
			goto out_delete;
		}

		sched->nr_events      = session->evlist->stats.nr_events[0];
		sched->nr_lost_events = session->evlist->stats.total_lost;
		sched->nr_lost_chunks = session->evlist->stats.nr_events[PERF_RECORD_LOST];
	}

	rc = 0;
out_delete:
	perf_session__delete(session);
	return rc;
}

/*
 * scheduling times are printed as msec.usec
 */
static inline void print_sched_time(unsigned long long nsecs, int width)
{
	unsigned long msecs;
	unsigned long usecs;

	msecs  = nsecs / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
	nsecs -= msecs * NSEC_PER_MSEC;
	usecs  = nsecs / NSEC_PER_USEC;
	printf("%*lu.%03lu ", width, msecs, usecs);
}

/*
 * returns runtime data for event, allocating memory for it the
 * first time it is used.
 */
static struct evsel_runtime *evsel__get_runtime(struct evsel *evsel)
{
	struct evsel_runtime *r = evsel->priv;

	if (r == NULL) {
		r = zalloc(sizeof(struct evsel_runtime));
		evsel->priv = r;
	}

	return r;
}

/*
 * save last time event was seen per cpu
 */
static void evsel__save_time(struct evsel *evsel, u64 timestamp, u32 cpu)
{
	struct evsel_runtime *r = evsel__get_runtime(evsel);

	if (r == NULL)
		return;

	if ((cpu >= r->ncpu) || (r->last_time == NULL)) {
		int i, n = __roundup_pow_of_two(cpu+1);
		void *p = r->last_time;

		p = realloc(r->last_time, n * sizeof(u64));
		if (!p)
			return;

		r->last_time = p;
		for (i = r->ncpu; i < n; ++i)
			r->last_time[i] = (u64) 0;

		r->ncpu = n;
	}

	r->last_time[cpu] = timestamp;
}

/* returns last time this event was seen on the given cpu */
static u64 evsel__get_time(struct evsel *evsel, u32 cpu)
{
	struct evsel_runtime *r = evsel__get_runtime(evsel);

	if ((r == NULL) || (r->last_time == NULL) || (cpu >= r->ncpu))
		return 0;

	return r->last_time[cpu];
}

static void timehist__evsel_priv_destructor(void *priv)
{
	struct evsel_runtime *r = priv;

	if (r) {
		free(r->last_time);
		free(r);
	}
}

static int comm_width = 30;

static char *timehist_get_commstr(struct thread *thread)
{
	static char str[32];
	const char *comm = thread__comm_str(thread);
	pid_t tid = thread__tid(thread);
	pid_t pid = thread__pid(thread);
	int n;

	if (pid == 0)
		n = scnprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%s", comm);

	else if (tid != pid)
		n = scnprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%s[%d/%d]", comm, tid, pid);

	else
		n = scnprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%s[%d]", comm, tid);

	if (n > comm_width)
		comm_width = n;

	return str;
}

/* prio field format: xxx or xxx->yyy */
#define MAX_PRIO_STR_LEN 8
static char *timehist_get_priostr(struct evsel *evsel,
				  struct thread *thread,
				  struct perf_sample *sample)
{
	static char prio_str[16];
	int prev_prio = (int)evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "prev_prio");
	struct thread_runtime *tr = thread__priv(thread);

	if (tr->prio != prev_prio && tr->prio != -1)
		scnprintf(prio_str, sizeof(prio_str), "%d->%d", tr->prio, prev_prio);
	else
		scnprintf(prio_str, sizeof(prio_str), "%d", prev_prio);

	return prio_str;
}

static void timehist_header(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	u32 ncpus = sched->max_cpu.cpu + 1;
	u32 i, j;

	printf("%15s %6s ", "time", "cpu");

	if (sched->show_cpu_visual) {
		printf(" ");
		for (i = 0, j = 0; i < ncpus; ++i) {
			printf("%x", j++);
			if (j > 15)
				j = 0;
		}
		printf(" ");
	}

	printf(" %-*s", comm_width, "task name");

	if (sched->show_prio)
		printf("  %-*s", MAX_PRIO_STR_LEN, "prio");

	printf("  %9s  %9s  %9s", "wait time", "sch delay", "run time");

	if (sched->pre_migrations)
		printf("  %9s", "pre-mig time");

	if (sched->show_state)
		printf("  %s", "state");

	printf("\n");

	/*
	 * units row
	 */
	printf("%15s %-6s ", "", "");

	if (sched->show_cpu_visual)
		printf(" %*s ", ncpus, "");

	printf(" %-*s", comm_width, "[tid/pid]");

	if (sched->show_prio)
		printf("  %-*s", MAX_PRIO_STR_LEN, "");

	printf("  %9s  %9s  %9s", "(msec)", "(msec)", "(msec)");

	if (sched->pre_migrations)
		printf("  %9s", "(msec)");

	printf("\n");

	/*
	 * separator
	 */
	printf("%.15s %.6s ", graph_dotted_line, graph_dotted_line);

	if (sched->show_cpu_visual)
		printf(" %.*s ", ncpus, graph_dotted_line);

	printf(" %.*s", comm_width, graph_dotted_line);

	if (sched->show_prio)
		printf("  %.*s", MAX_PRIO_STR_LEN, graph_dotted_line);

	printf("  %.9s  %.9s  %.9s", graph_dotted_line, graph_dotted_line, graph_dotted_line);

	if (sched->pre_migrations)
		printf("  %.9s", graph_dotted_line);

	if (sched->show_state)
		printf("  %.5s", graph_dotted_line);

	printf("\n");
}

static void timehist_print_sample(struct perf_sched *sched,
				  struct evsel *evsel,
				  struct perf_sample *sample,
				  struct addr_location *al,
				  struct thread *thread,
				  u64 t, const char state)
{
	struct thread_runtime *tr = thread__priv(thread);
	const char *next_comm = evsel__strval(evsel, sample, "next_comm");
	const u32 next_pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "next_pid");
	u32 max_cpus = sched->max_cpu.cpu + 1;
	char tstr[64];
	char nstr[30];
	u64 wait_time;

	if (cpu_list && !test_bit(sample->cpu, cpu_bitmap))
		return;

	timestamp__scnprintf_usec(t, tstr, sizeof(tstr));
	printf("%15s [%04d] ", tstr, sample->cpu);

	if (sched->show_cpu_visual) {
		u32 i;
		char c;

		printf(" ");
		for (i = 0; i < max_cpus; ++i) {
			/* flag idle times with 'i'; others are sched events */
			if (i == sample->cpu)
				c = (thread__tid(thread) == 0) ? 'i' : 's';
			else
				c = ' ';
			printf("%c", c);
		}
		printf(" ");
	}

	if (!thread__comm_set(thread)) {
                const char *prev_comm = evsel__strval(evsel, sample, "prev_comm");
                thread__set_comm(thread, prev_comm, sample->time);
        }

	printf(" %-*s ", comm_width, timehist_get_commstr(thread));

	if (sched->show_prio)
		printf(" %-*s ", MAX_PRIO_STR_LEN, timehist_get_priostr(evsel, thread, sample));

	wait_time = tr->dt_sleep + tr->dt_iowait + tr->dt_preempt;
	print_sched_time(wait_time, 6);

	print_sched_time(tr->dt_delay, 6);
	print_sched_time(tr->dt_run, 6);
	if (sched->pre_migrations)
		print_sched_time(tr->dt_pre_mig, 6);

	if (sched->show_state)
		printf(" %5c ", thread__tid(thread) == 0 ? 'I' : state);

	if (sched->show_next) {
		snprintf(nstr, sizeof(nstr), "next: %s[%d]", next_comm, next_pid);
		printf(" %-*s", comm_width, nstr);
	}

	if (sched->show_wakeups && !sched->show_next)
		printf("  %-*s", comm_width, "");

	if (thread__tid(thread) == 0)
		goto out;

	if (sched->show_callchain)
		printf("  ");

	sample__fprintf_sym(sample, al, 0,
			    EVSEL__PRINT_SYM | EVSEL__PRINT_ONELINE |
			    EVSEL__PRINT_CALLCHAIN_ARROW |
			    EVSEL__PRINT_SKIP_IGNORED,
			    get_tls_callchain_cursor(), symbol_conf.bt_stop_list,  stdout);

out:
	printf("\n");
}

/*
 * Explanation of delta-time stats:
 *
 *            t = time of current schedule out event
 *        tprev = time of previous sched out event
 *                also time of schedule-in event for current task
 *    last_time = time of last sched change event for current task
 *                (i.e, time process was last scheduled out)
 * ready_to_run = time of wakeup for current task
 *     migrated = time of task migration to another CPU
 *
 * -----|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-----
 *    last         ready         migrated       tprev           t
 *    time         to run
 *
 *      |---------------- dt_wait ----------------|
 *                   |--------- dt_delay ---------|-- dt_run --|
 *                   |- dt_pre_mig -|
 *
 *     dt_run = run time of current task
 *    dt_wait = time between last schedule out event for task and tprev
 *              represents time spent off the cpu
 *   dt_delay = time between wakeup and schedule-in of task
 * dt_pre_mig = time between wakeup and migration to another CPU
 */

static void timehist_update_runtime_stats(struct thread_runtime *r,
					 u64 t, u64 tprev)
{
	r->dt_delay   = 0;
	r->dt_sleep   = 0;
	r->dt_iowait  = 0;
	r->dt_preempt = 0;
	r->dt_run     = 0;
	r->dt_pre_mig = 0;

	if (tprev) {
		r->dt_run = t - tprev;
		if (r->ready_to_run) {
			if (r->ready_to_run > tprev)
				pr_debug("time travel: wakeup time for task > previous sched_switch event\n");
			else
				r->dt_delay = tprev - r->ready_to_run;

			if ((r->migrated > r->ready_to_run) && (r->migrated < tprev))
				r->dt_pre_mig = r->migrated - r->ready_to_run;
		}

		if (r->last_time > tprev)
			pr_debug("time travel: last sched out time for task > previous sched_switch event\n");
		else if (r->last_time) {
			u64 dt_wait = tprev - r->last_time;

			if (r->last_state == 'R')
				r->dt_preempt = dt_wait;
			else if (r->last_state == 'D')
				r->dt_iowait = dt_wait;
			else
				r->dt_sleep = dt_wait;
		}
	}

	update_stats(&r->run_stats, r->dt_run);

	r->total_run_time     += r->dt_run;
	r->total_delay_time   += r->dt_delay;
	r->total_sleep_time   += r->dt_sleep;
	r->total_iowait_time  += r->dt_iowait;
	r->total_preempt_time += r->dt_preempt;
	r->total_pre_mig_time += r->dt_pre_mig;
}

static bool is_idle_sample(struct perf_sample *sample,
			   struct evsel *evsel)
{
	/* pid 0 == swapper == idle task */
	if (evsel__name_is(evsel, "sched:sched_switch"))
		return evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "prev_pid") == 0;

	return sample->pid == 0;
}

static void save_task_callchain(struct perf_sched *sched,
				struct perf_sample *sample,
				struct evsel *evsel,
				struct machine *machine)
{
	struct callchain_cursor *cursor;
	struct thread *thread;

	/* want main thread for process - has maps */
	thread = machine__findnew_thread(machine, sample->pid, sample->pid);
	if (thread == NULL) {
		pr_debug("Failed to get thread for pid %d.\n", sample->pid);
		return;
	}

	if (!sched->show_callchain || sample->callchain == NULL) {
		thread__put(thread);
		return;
	}

	cursor = get_tls_callchain_cursor();

	if (thread__resolve_callchain(thread, cursor, evsel, sample,
				      NULL, NULL, sched->max_stack + 2) != 0) {
		if (verbose > 0)
			pr_err("Failed to resolve callchain. Skipping\n");

		thread__put(thread);
		return;
	}

	callchain_cursor_commit(cursor);
	thread__put(thread);

	while (true) {
		struct callchain_cursor_node *node;
		struct symbol *sym;

		node = callchain_cursor_current(cursor);
		if (node == NULL)
			break;

		sym = node->ms.sym;
		if (sym) {
			if (!strcmp(sym->name, "schedule") ||
			    !strcmp(sym->name, "__schedule") ||
			    !strcmp(sym->name, "preempt_schedule"))
				sym->ignore = 1;
		}

		callchain_cursor_advance(cursor);
	}
}

static int init_idle_thread(struct thread *thread)
{
	struct idle_thread_runtime *itr;

	thread__set_comm(thread, idle_comm, 0);

	itr = zalloc(sizeof(*itr));
	if (itr == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	init_prio(&itr->tr);
	init_stats(&itr->tr.run_stats);
	callchain_init(&itr->callchain);
	callchain_cursor_reset(&itr->cursor);
	thread__set_priv(thread, itr);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Track idle stats per cpu by maintaining a local thread
 * struct for the idle task on each cpu.
 */
static int init_idle_threads(int ncpu)
{
	int i, ret;

	idle_threads = zalloc(ncpu * sizeof(struct thread *));
	if (!idle_threads)
		return -ENOMEM;

	idle_max_cpu = ncpu;

	/* allocate the actual thread struct if needed */
	for (i = 0; i < ncpu; ++i) {
		idle_threads[i] = thread__new(0, 0);
		if (idle_threads[i] == NULL)
			return -ENOMEM;

		ret = init_idle_thread(idle_threads[i]);
		if (ret < 0)
			return ret;
	}

	return 0;
}

static void free_idle_threads(void)
{
	int i;

	if (idle_threads == NULL)
		return;

	for (i = 0; i < idle_max_cpu; ++i) {
		struct thread *idle = idle_threads[i];

		if (idle) {
			struct idle_thread_runtime *itr;

			itr = thread__priv(idle);
			if (itr)
				thread__put(itr->last_thread);

			thread__delete(idle);
		}
	}

	free(idle_threads);
}

static struct thread *get_idle_thread(int cpu)
{
	/*
	 * expand/allocate array of pointers to local thread
	 * structs if needed
	 */
	if ((cpu >= idle_max_cpu) || (idle_threads == NULL)) {
		int i, j = __roundup_pow_of_two(cpu+1);
		void *p;

		p = realloc(idle_threads, j * sizeof(struct thread *));
		if (!p)
			return NULL;

		idle_threads = (struct thread **) p;
		for (i = idle_max_cpu; i < j; ++i)
			idle_threads[i] = NULL;

		idle_max_cpu = j;
	}

	/* allocate a new thread struct if needed */
	if (idle_threads[cpu] == NULL) {
		idle_threads[cpu] = thread__new(0, 0);

		if (idle_threads[cpu]) {
			if (init_idle_thread(idle_threads[cpu]) < 0)
				return NULL;
		}
	}

	return thread__get(idle_threads[cpu]);
}

static void save_idle_callchain(struct perf_sched *sched,
				struct idle_thread_runtime *itr,
				struct perf_sample *sample)
{
	struct callchain_cursor *cursor;

	if (!sched->show_callchain || sample->callchain == NULL)
		return;

	cursor = get_tls_callchain_cursor();
	if (cursor == NULL)
		return;

	callchain_cursor__copy(&itr->cursor, cursor);
}

static struct thread *timehist_get_thread(struct perf_sched *sched,
					  struct perf_sample *sample,
					  struct machine *machine,
					  struct evsel *evsel)
{
	struct thread *thread;

	if (is_idle_sample(sample, evsel)) {
		thread = get_idle_thread(sample->cpu);
		if (thread == NULL)
			pr_err("Failed to get idle thread for cpu %d.\n", sample->cpu);

	} else {
		/* there were samples with tid 0 but non-zero pid */
		thread = machine__findnew_thread(machine, sample->pid,
						 sample->tid ?: sample->pid);
		if (thread == NULL) {
			pr_debug("Failed to get thread for tid %d. skipping sample.\n",
				 sample->tid);
		}

		save_task_callchain(sched, sample, evsel, machine);
		if (sched->idle_hist) {
			struct thread *idle;
			struct idle_thread_runtime *itr;

			idle = get_idle_thread(sample->cpu);
			if (idle == NULL) {
				pr_err("Failed to get idle thread for cpu %d.\n", sample->cpu);
				return NULL;
			}

			itr = thread__priv(idle);
			if (itr == NULL)
				return NULL;

			thread__put(itr->last_thread);
			itr->last_thread = thread__get(thread);

			/* copy task callchain when entering to idle */
			if (evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "next_pid") == 0)
				save_idle_callchain(sched, itr, sample);
		}
	}

	return thread;
}

static bool timehist_skip_sample(struct perf_sched *sched,
				 struct thread *thread,
				 struct evsel *evsel,
				 struct perf_sample *sample)
{
	bool rc = false;
	int prio = -1;
	struct thread_runtime *tr = NULL;

	if (thread__is_filtered(thread)) {
		rc = true;
		sched->skipped_samples++;
	}

	if (sched->prio_str) {
		/*
		 * Because priority may be changed during task execution,
		 * first read priority from prev sched_in event for current task.
		 * If prev sched_in event is not saved, then read priority from
		 * current task sched_out event.
		 */
		tr = thread__get_runtime(thread);
		if (tr && tr->prio != -1)
			prio = tr->prio;
		else if (evsel__name_is(evsel, "sched:sched_switch"))
			prio = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "prev_prio");

		if (prio != -1 && !test_bit(prio, sched->prio_bitmap)) {
			rc = true;
			sched->skipped_samples++;
		}
	}

	if (sched->idle_hist) {
		if (!evsel__name_is(evsel, "sched:sched_switch"))
			rc = true;
		else if (evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "prev_pid") != 0 &&
			 evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "next_pid") != 0)
			rc = true;
	}

	return rc;
}

static void timehist_print_wakeup_event(struct perf_sched *sched,
					struct evsel *evsel,
					struct perf_sample *sample,
					struct machine *machine,
					struct thread *awakened)
{
	struct thread *thread;
	char tstr[64];

	thread = machine__findnew_thread(machine, sample->pid, sample->tid);
	if (thread == NULL)
		return;

	/* show wakeup unless both awakee and awaker are filtered */
	if (timehist_skip_sample(sched, thread, evsel, sample) &&
	    timehist_skip_sample(sched, awakened, evsel, sample)) {
		thread__put(thread);
		return;
	}

	timestamp__scnprintf_usec(sample->time, tstr, sizeof(tstr));
	printf("%15s [%04d] ", tstr, sample->cpu);
	if (sched->show_cpu_visual)
		printf(" %*s ", sched->max_cpu.cpu + 1, "");

	printf(" %-*s ", comm_width, timehist_get_commstr(thread));

	/* dt spacer */
	printf("  %9s  %9s  %9s ", "", "", "");

	printf("awakened: %s", timehist_get_commstr(awakened));

	printf("\n");

	thread__put(thread);
}

static int timehist_sched_wakeup_ignore(const struct perf_tool *tool __maybe_unused,
					union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
					struct evsel *evsel __maybe_unused,
					struct perf_sample *sample __maybe_unused,
					struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
{
	return 0;
}

static int timehist_sched_wakeup_event(const struct perf_tool *tool,
				       union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
				       struct evsel *evsel,
				       struct perf_sample *sample,
				       struct machine *machine)
{
	struct perf_sched *sched = container_of(tool, struct perf_sched, tool);
	struct thread *thread;
	struct thread_runtime *tr = NULL;
	/* want pid of awakened task not pid in sample */
	const u32 pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "pid");

	thread = machine__findnew_thread(machine, 0, pid);
	if (thread == NULL)
		return -1;

	tr = thread__get_runtime(thread);
	if (tr == NULL) {
		thread__put(thread);
		return -1;
	}

	if (tr->ready_to_run == 0)
		tr->ready_to_run = sample->time;

	/* show wakeups if requested */
	if (sched->show_wakeups &&
	    !perf_time__skip_sample(&sched->ptime, sample->time))
		timehist_print_wakeup_event(sched, evsel, sample, machine, thread);

	thread__put(thread);
	return 0;
}

static void timehist_print_migration_event(struct perf_sched *sched,
					struct evsel *evsel,
					struct perf_sample *sample,
					struct machine *machine,
					struct thread *migrated)
{
	struct thread *thread;
	char tstr[64];
	u32 max_cpus;
	u32 ocpu, dcpu;

	if (sched->summary_only)
		return;

	max_cpus = sched->max_cpu.cpu + 1;
	ocpu = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "orig_cpu");
	dcpu = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "dest_cpu");

	thread = machine__findnew_thread(machine, sample->pid, sample->tid);
	if (thread == NULL)
		return;

	if (timehist_skip_sample(sched, thread, evsel, sample) &&
	    timehist_skip_sample(sched, migrated, evsel, sample)) {
		thread__put(thread);
		return;
	}

	timestamp__scnprintf_usec(sample->time, tstr, sizeof(tstr));
	printf("%15s [%04d] ", tstr, sample->cpu);

	if (sched->show_cpu_visual) {
		u32 i;
		char c;

		printf("  ");
		for (i = 0; i < max_cpus; ++i) {
			c = (i == sample->cpu) ? 'm' : ' ';
			printf("%c", c);
		}
		printf("  ");
	}

	printf(" %-*s ", comm_width, timehist_get_commstr(thread));

	/* dt spacer */
	printf("  %9s  %9s  %9s ", "", "", "");

	printf("migrated: %s", timehist_get_commstr(migrated));
	printf(" cpu %d => %d", ocpu, dcpu);

	printf("\n");
	thread__put(thread);
}

static int timehist_migrate_task_event(const struct perf_tool *tool,
				       union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
				       struct evsel *evsel,
				       struct perf_sample *sample,
				       struct machine *machine)
{
	struct perf_sched *sched = container_of(tool, struct perf_sched, tool);
	struct thread *thread;
	struct thread_runtime *tr = NULL;
	/* want pid of migrated task not pid in sample */
	const u32 pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "pid");

	thread = machine__findnew_thread(machine, 0, pid);
	if (thread == NULL)
		return -1;

	tr = thread__get_runtime(thread);
	if (tr == NULL) {
		thread__put(thread);
		return -1;
	}

	tr->migrations++;
	tr->migrated = sample->time;

	/* show migrations if requested */
	if (sched->show_migrations) {
		timehist_print_migration_event(sched, evsel, sample,
							machine, thread);
	}
	thread__put(thread);

	return 0;
}

static void timehist_update_task_prio(struct evsel *evsel,
				      struct perf_sample *sample,
				      struct machine *machine)
{
	struct thread *thread;
	struct thread_runtime *tr = NULL;
	const u32 next_pid = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "next_pid");
	const u32 next_prio = evsel__intval(evsel, sample, "next_prio");

	if (next_pid == 0)
		thread = get_idle_thread(sample->cpu);
	else
		thread = machine__findnew_thread(machine, -1, next_pid);

	if (thread == NULL)
		return;

	tr = thread__get_runtime(thread);
	if (tr != NULL)
		tr->prio = next_prio;

	thread__put(thread);
}

static int timehist_sched_change_event(const struct perf_tool *tool,
				       union perf_event *event,
				       struct evsel *evsel,
				       struct perf_sample *sample,
				       struct machine *machine)
{
	struct perf_sched *sched = container_of(tool, struct perf_sched, tool);
	struct perf_time_interval *ptime = &sched->ptime;
	struct addr_location al;
	struct thread *thread = NULL;
	struct thread_runtime *tr = NULL;
	u64 tprev, t = sample->time;
	int rc = 0;
	const char state = evsel__taskstate(evsel, sample, "prev_state");

	addr_location__init(&al);
	if (machine__resolve(machine, &al, sample) < 0) {
		pr_err("problem processing %d event. skipping it\n",
		       event->header.type);
		rc = -1;
		goto out;
	}

	if (sched->show_prio || sched->prio_str)
		timehist_update_task_prio(evsel, sample, machine);

	thread = timehist_get_thread(sched, sample, machine, evsel);
	if (thread == NULL) {
		rc = -1;
		goto out;
	}

	if (timehist_skip_sample(sched, thread, evsel, sample))
		goto out;

	tr = thread__get_runtime(thread);
	if (tr == NULL) {
		rc = -1;
		goto out;
	}

	tprev = evsel__get_time(evsel, sample->cpu);

	/*
	 * If start time given:
	 * - sample time is under window user cares about - skip sample
	 * - tprev is under window user cares about  - reset to start of window
	 */
	if (ptime->start && ptime->start > t)
		goto out;

	if (tprev && ptime->start > tprev)
		tprev = ptime->start;

	/*
	 * If end time given:
	 * - previous sched event is out of window - we are done
	 * - sample time is beyond window user cares about - reset it
	 *   to close out stats for time window interest
	 * - If tprev is 0, that is, sched_in event for current task is
	 *   not recorded, cannot determine whether sched_in event is
	 *   within time window interest - ignore it
	 */
	if (ptime->end) {
		if (!tprev || tprev > ptime->end)
			goto out;

		if (t > ptime->end)
			t = ptime->end;
	}

	if (!sched->idle_hist || thread__tid(thread) == 0) {
		if (!cpu_list || test_bit(sample->cpu, cpu_bitmap))
			timehist_update_runtime_stats(tr, t, tprev);

		if (sched->idle_hist) {
			struct idle_thread_runtime *itr = (void *)tr;
			struct thread_runtime *last_tr;

			if (itr->last_thread == NULL)
				goto out;

			/* add current idle time as last thread's runtime */
			last_tr = thread__get_runtime(itr->last_thread);
			if (last_tr == NULL)
				goto out;

			timehist_update_runtime_stats(last_tr, t, tprev);
			/*
			 * remove delta time of last thread as it's not updated
			 * and otherwise it will show an invalid value next
			 * time.  we only care total run time and run stat.
			 */
			last_tr->dt_run = 0;
			last_tr->dt_delay = 0;
			last_tr->dt_sleep = 0;
			last_tr->dt_iowait = 0;
			last_tr->dt_preempt = 0;

			if (itr->cursor.nr)
				callchain_append(&itr->callchain, &itr->cursor, t - tprev);

			itr->last_thread = NULL;
		}

		if (!sched->summary_only)
			timehist_print_sample(sched, evsel, sample, &al, thread, t, state);
	}

out:
	if (sched->hist_time.start == 0 && t >= ptime->start)
		sched->hist_time.start = t;
	if (ptime->end == 0 || t <= ptime->end)
		sched->hist_time.end = t;

	if (tr) {
		/* time of this sched_switch event becomes last time task seen */
		tr->last_time = sample->time;

		/* last state is used to determine where to account wait time */
		tr->last_state = state;

		/* sched out event for task so reset ready to run time and migrated time */
		if (state == 'R')
			tr->ready_to_run = t;
		else
			tr->ready_to_run = 0;

		tr->migrated = 0;
	}

	evsel__save_time(evsel, sample->time, sample->cpu);

	thread__put(thread);
	addr_location__exit(&al);
	return rc;
}

static int timehist_sched_switch_event(const struct perf_tool *tool,
			     union perf_event *event,
			     struct evsel *evsel,
			     struct perf_sample *sample,
			     struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
{
	return timehist_sched_change_event(tool, event, evsel, sample, machine);
}

static int process_lost(const struct perf_tool *tool __maybe_unused,
			union perf_event *event,
			struct perf_sample *sample,
			struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
{
	char tstr[64];

	timestamp__scnprintf_usec(sample->time, tstr, sizeof(tstr));
	printf("%15s ", tstr);
	printf("lost %" PRI_lu64 " events on cpu %d\n", event->lost.lost, sample->cpu);

	return 0;
}


static void print_thread_runtime(struct thread *t,
				 struct thread_runtime *r)
{
	double mean = avg_stats(&r->run_stats);
	float stddev;

	printf("%*s   %5d  %9" PRIu64 " ",
	       comm_width, timehist_get_commstr(t), thread__ppid(t),
	       (u64) r->run_stats.n);

	print_sched_time(r->total_run_time, 8);
	stddev = rel_stddev_stats(stddev_stats(&r->run_stats), mean);
	print_sched_time(r->run_stats.min, 6);
	printf(" ");
	print_sched_time((u64) mean, 6);
	printf(" ");
	print_sched_time(r->run_stats.max, 6);
	printf("  ");
	printf("%5.2f", stddev);
	printf("   %5" PRIu64, r->migrations);
	printf("\n");
}

static void print_thread_waittime(struct thread *t,
				  struct thread_runtime *r)
{
	printf("%*s   %5d  %9" PRIu64 " ",
	       comm_width, timehist_get_commstr(t), thread__ppid(t),
	       (u64) r->run_stats.n);

	print_sched_time(r->total_run_time, 8);
	print_sched_time(r->total_sleep_time, 6);
	printf(" ");
	print_sched_time(r->total_iowait_time, 6);
	printf(" ");
	print_sched_time(r->total_preempt_time, 6);
	printf(" ");
	print_sched_time(r->total_delay_time, 6);
	printf("\n");
}

struct total_run_stats {
	struct perf_sched *sched;
	u64  sched_count;
	u64  task_count;
	u64  total_run_time;
};

static int show_thread_runtime(struct thread *t, void *priv)
{
	struct total_run_stats *stats = priv;
	struct thread_runtime *r;

	if (thread__is_filtered(t))
		return 0;

	r = thread__priv(t);
	if (r && r->run_stats.n) {
		stats->task_count++;
		stats->sched_count += r->run_stats.n;
		stats->total_run_time += r->total_run_time;

		if (stats->sched->show_state)
			print_thread_waittime(t, r);
		else
			print_thread_runtime(t, r);
	}

	return 0;
}

static size_t callchain__fprintf_folded(FILE *fp, struct callchain_node *node)
{
	const char *sep = " <- ";
	struct callchain_list *chain;
	size_t ret = 0;
	char bf[1024];
	bool first;

	if (node == NULL)
		return 0;

	ret = callchain__fprintf_folded(fp, node->parent);
	first = (ret == 0);

	list_for_each_entry(chain, &node->val, list) {
		if (chain->ip >= PERF_CONTEXT_MAX)
			continue;
		if (chain->ms.sym && chain->ms.sym->ignore)
			continue;
		ret += fprintf(fp, "%s%s", first ? "" : sep,
			       callchain_list__sym_name(chain, bf, sizeof(bf),
							false));
		first = false;
	}

	return ret;
}

static size_t timehist_print_idlehist_callchain(struct rb_root_cached *root)
{
	size_t ret = 0;
	FILE *fp = stdout;
	struct callchain_node *chain;
	struct rb_node *rb_node = rb_first_cached(root);

	printf("  %16s  %8s  %s\n", "Idle time (msec)", "Count", "Callchains");
	printf("  %.16s  %.8s  %.50s\n", graph_dotted_line, graph_dotted_line,
	       graph_dotted_line);

	while (rb_node) {
		chain = rb_entry(rb_node, struct callchain_node, rb_node);
		rb_node = rb_next(rb_node);

		ret += fprintf(fp, "  ");
		print_sched_time(chain->hit, 12);
		ret += 16;  /* print_sched_time returns 2nd arg + 4 */
		ret += fprintf(fp, " %8d  ", chain->count);
		ret += callchain__fprintf_folded(fp, chain);
		ret += fprintf(fp, "\n");
	}

	return ret;
}

static void timehist_print_summary(struct perf_sched *sched,
				   struct perf_session *session)
{
	struct machine *m = &session->machines.host;
	struct total_run_stats totals;
	u64 task_count;
	struct thread *t;
	struct thread_runtime *r;
	int i;
	u64 hist_time = sched->hist_time.end - sched->hist_time.start;

	memset(&totals, 0, sizeof(totals));
	totals.sched = sched;

	if (sched->idle_hist) {
		printf("\nIdle-time summary\n");
		printf("%*s  parent  sched-out  ", comm_width, "comm");
		printf("  idle-time   min-idle    avg-idle    max-idle  stddev  migrations\n");
	} else if (sched->show_state) {
		printf("\nWait-time summary\n");
		printf("%*s  parent   sched-in  ", comm_width, "comm");
		printf("   run-time      sleep      iowait     preempt       delay\n");
	} else {
		printf("\nRuntime summary\n");
		printf("%*s  parent   sched-in  ", comm_width, "comm");
		printf("   run-time    min-run     avg-run     max-run  stddev  migrations\n");
	}
	printf("%*s            (count)  ", comm_width, "");
	printf("     (msec)     (msec)      (msec)      (msec)       %s\n",
	       sched->show_state ? "(msec)" : "%");
	printf("%.117s\n", graph_dotted_line);

	machine__for_each_thread(m, show_thread_runtime, &totals);
	task_count = totals.task_count;
	if (!task_count)
		printf("<no still running tasks>\n");

	/* CPU idle stats not tracked when samples were skipped */
	if (sched->skipped_samples && !sched->idle_hist)
		return;

	printf("\nIdle stats:\n");
	for (i = 0; i < idle_max_cpu; ++i) {
		if (cpu_list && !test_bit(i, cpu_bitmap))
			continue;

		t = idle_threads[i];
		if (!t)
			continue;

		r = thread__priv(t);
		if (r && r->run_stats.n) {
			totals.sched_count += r->run_stats.n;
			printf("    CPU %2d idle for ", i);
			print_sched_time(r->total_run_time, 6);
			printf(" msec  (%6.2f%%)\n", 100.0 * r->total_run_time / hist_time);
		} else
			printf("    CPU %2d idle entire time window\n", i);
	}

	if (sched->idle_hist && sched->show_callchain) {
		callchain_param.mode  = CHAIN_FOLDED;
		callchain_param.value = CCVAL_PERIOD;

		callchain_register_param(&callchain_param);

		printf("\nIdle stats by callchain:\n");
		for (i = 0; i < idle_max_cpu; ++i) {
			struct idle_thread_runtime *itr;

			t = idle_threads[i];
			if (!t)
				continue;

			itr = thread__priv(t);
			if (itr == NULL)
				continue;

			callchain_param.sort(&itr->sorted_root.rb_root, &itr->callchain,
					     0, &callchain_param);

			printf("  CPU %2d:", i);
			print_sched_time(itr->tr.total_run_time, 6);
			printf(" msec\n");
			timehist_print_idlehist_callchain(&itr->sorted_root);
			printf("\n");
		}
	}

	printf("\n"
	       "    Total number of unique tasks: %" PRIu64 "\n"
	       "Total number of context switches: %" PRIu64 "\n",
	       totals.task_count, totals.sched_count);

	printf("           Total run time (msec): ");
	print_sched_time(totals.total_run_time, 2);
	printf("\n");

	printf("    Total scheduling time (msec): ");
	print_sched_time(hist_time, 2);
	printf(" (x %d)\n", sched->max_cpu.cpu);
}

typedef int (*sched_handler)(const struct perf_tool *tool,
			  union perf_event *event,
			  struct evsel *evsel,
			  struct perf_sample *sample,
			  struct machine *machine);

static int perf_timehist__process_sample(const struct perf_tool *tool,
					 union perf_event *event,
					 struct perf_sample *sample,
					 struct evsel *evsel,
					 struct machine *machine)
{
	struct perf_sched *sched = container_of(tool, struct perf_sched, tool);
	int err = 0;
	struct perf_cpu this_cpu = {
		.cpu = sample->cpu,
	};

	if (this_cpu.cpu > sched->max_cpu.cpu)
		sched->max_cpu = this_cpu;

	if (evsel->handler != NULL) {
		sched_handler f = evsel->handler;

		err = f(tool, event, evsel, sample, machine);
	}

	return err;
}

static int timehist_check_attr(struct perf_sched *sched,
			       struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;
	struct evsel_runtime *er;

	list_for_each_entry(evsel, &evlist->core.entries, core.node) {
		er = evsel__get_runtime(evsel);
		if (er == NULL) {
			pr_err("Failed to allocate memory for evsel runtime data\n");
			return -1;
		}

		/* only need to save callchain related to sched_switch event */
		if (sched->show_callchain &&
		    evsel__name_is(evsel, "sched:sched_switch") &&
		    !evsel__has_callchain(evsel)) {
			pr_info("Samples of sched_switch event do not have callchains.\n");
			sched->show_callchain = 0;
			symbol_conf.use_callchain = 0;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static int timehist_parse_prio_str(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	char *p;
	unsigned long start_prio, end_prio;
	const char *str = sched->prio_str;

	if (!str)
		return 0;

	while (isdigit(*str)) {
		p = NULL;
		start_prio = strtoul(str, &p, 0);
		if (start_prio >= MAX_PRIO || (*p != '\0' && *p != ',' && *p != '-'))
			return -1;

		if (*p == '-') {
			str = ++p;
			p = NULL;
			end_prio = strtoul(str, &p, 0);

			if (end_prio >= MAX_PRIO || (*p != '\0' && *p != ','))
				return -1;

			if (end_prio < start_prio)
				return -1;
		} else {
			end_prio = start_prio;
		}

		for (; start_prio <= end_prio; start_prio++)
			__set_bit(start_prio, sched->prio_bitmap);

		if (*p)
			++p;

		str = p;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int perf_sched__timehist(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	struct evsel_str_handler handlers[] = {
		{ "sched:sched_switch",       timehist_sched_switch_event, },
		{ "sched:sched_wakeup",	      timehist_sched_wakeup_event, },
		{ "sched:sched_waking",       timehist_sched_wakeup_event, },
		{ "sched:sched_wakeup_new",   timehist_sched_wakeup_event, },
	};
	const struct evsel_str_handler migrate_handlers[] = {
		{ "sched:sched_migrate_task", timehist_migrate_task_event, },
	};
	struct perf_data data = {
		.path  = input_name,
		.mode  = PERF_DATA_MODE_READ,
		.force = sched->force,
	};

	struct perf_session *session;
	struct perf_env *env;
	struct evlist *evlist;
	int err = -1;

	/*
	 * event handlers for timehist option
	 */
	sched->tool.sample	 = perf_timehist__process_sample;
	sched->tool.mmap	 = perf_event__process_mmap;
	sched->tool.comm	 = perf_event__process_comm;
	sched->tool.exit	 = perf_event__process_exit;
	sched->tool.fork	 = perf_event__process_fork;
	sched->tool.lost	 = process_lost;
	sched->tool.attr	 = perf_event__process_attr;
	sched->tool.tracing_data = perf_event__process_tracing_data;
	sched->tool.build_id	 = perf_event__process_build_id;

	sched->tool.ordering_requires_timestamps = true;

	symbol_conf.use_callchain = sched->show_callchain;

	session = perf_session__new(&data, &sched->tool);
	if (IS_ERR(session))
		return PTR_ERR(session);

	env = perf_session__env(session);
	if (cpu_list) {
		err = perf_session__cpu_bitmap(session, cpu_list, cpu_bitmap);
		if (err < 0)
			goto out;
	}

	evlist = session->evlist;

	symbol__init(env);

	if (perf_time__parse_str(&sched->ptime, sched->time_str) != 0) {
		pr_err("Invalid time string\n");
		err = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}

	if (timehist_check_attr(sched, evlist) != 0)
		goto out;

	if (timehist_parse_prio_str(sched) != 0) {
		pr_err("Invalid prio string\n");
		goto out;
	}

	setup_pager();

	evsel__set_priv_destructor(timehist__evsel_priv_destructor);

	/* prefer sched_waking if it is captured */
	if (evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist, "sched:sched_waking"))
		handlers[1].handler = timehist_sched_wakeup_ignore;

	/* setup per-evsel handlers */
	if (perf_session__set_tracepoints_handlers(session, handlers))
		goto out;

	/* sched_switch event at a minimum needs to exist */
	if (!evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(session->evlist, "sched:sched_switch")) {
		pr_err("No sched_switch events found. Have you run 'perf sched record'?\n");
		goto out;
	}

	if ((sched->show_migrations || sched->pre_migrations) &&
		perf_session__set_tracepoints_handlers(session, migrate_handlers))
		goto out;

	/* pre-allocate struct for per-CPU idle stats */
	sched->max_cpu.cpu = env->nr_cpus_online;
	if (sched->max_cpu.cpu == 0)
		sched->max_cpu.cpu = 4;
	if (init_idle_threads(sched->max_cpu.cpu))
		goto out;

	/* summary_only implies summary option, but don't overwrite summary if set */
	if (sched->summary_only)
		sched->summary = sched->summary_only;

	if (!sched->summary_only)
		timehist_header(sched);

	err = perf_session__process_events(session);
	if (err) {
		pr_err("Failed to process events, error %d", err);
		goto out;
	}

	sched->nr_events      = evlist->stats.nr_events[0];
	sched->nr_lost_events = evlist->stats.total_lost;
	sched->nr_lost_chunks = evlist->stats.nr_events[PERF_RECORD_LOST];

	if (sched->summary)
		timehist_print_summary(sched, session);

out:
	free_idle_threads();
	perf_session__delete(session);

	return err;
}


static void print_bad_events(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	if (sched->nr_unordered_timestamps && sched->nr_timestamps) {
		printf("  INFO: %.3f%% unordered timestamps (%ld out of %ld)\n",
			(double)sched->nr_unordered_timestamps/(double)sched->nr_timestamps*100.0,
			sched->nr_unordered_timestamps, sched->nr_timestamps);
	}
	if (sched->nr_lost_events && sched->nr_events) {
		printf("  INFO: %.3f%% lost events (%ld out of %ld, in %ld chunks)\n",
			(double)sched->nr_lost_events/(double)sched->nr_events * 100.0,
			sched->nr_lost_events, sched->nr_events, sched->nr_lost_chunks);
	}
	if (sched->nr_context_switch_bugs && sched->nr_timestamps) {
		printf("  INFO: %.3f%% context switch bugs (%ld out of %ld)",
			(double)sched->nr_context_switch_bugs/(double)sched->nr_timestamps*100.0,
			sched->nr_context_switch_bugs, sched->nr_timestamps);
		if (sched->nr_lost_events)
			printf(" (due to lost events?)");
		printf("\n");
	}
}

static void __merge_work_atoms(struct rb_root_cached *root, struct work_atoms *data)
{
	struct rb_node **new = &(root->rb_root.rb_node), *parent = NULL;
	struct work_atoms *this;
	const char *comm = thread__comm_str(data->thread), *this_comm;
	bool leftmost = true;

	while (*new) {
		int cmp;

		this = container_of(*new, struct work_atoms, node);
		parent = *new;

		this_comm = thread__comm_str(this->thread);
		cmp = strcmp(comm, this_comm);
		if (cmp > 0) {
			new = &((*new)->rb_left);
		} else if (cmp < 0) {
			new = &((*new)->rb_right);
			leftmost = false;
		} else {
			this->num_merged++;
			this->total_runtime += data->total_runtime;
			this->nb_atoms += data->nb_atoms;
			this->total_lat += data->total_lat;
			list_splice_init(&data->work_list, &this->work_list);
			if (this->max_lat < data->max_lat) {
				this->max_lat = data->max_lat;
				this->max_lat_start = data->max_lat_start;
				this->max_lat_end = data->max_lat_end;
			}
			free_work_atoms(data);
			return;
		}
	}

	data->num_merged++;
	rb_link_node(&data->node, parent, new);
	rb_insert_color_cached(&data->node, root, leftmost);
}

static void perf_sched__merge_lat(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	struct work_atoms *data;
	struct rb_node *node;

	if (sched->skip_merge)
		return;

	while ((node = rb_first_cached(&sched->atom_root))) {
		rb_erase_cached(node, &sched->atom_root);
		data = rb_entry(node, struct work_atoms, node);
		__merge_work_atoms(&sched->merged_atom_root, data);
	}
}

static int setup_cpus_switch_event(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	unsigned int i;

	sched->cpu_last_switched = calloc(MAX_CPUS, sizeof(*(sched->cpu_last_switched)));
	if (!sched->cpu_last_switched)
		return -1;

	sched->curr_pid = malloc(MAX_CPUS * sizeof(*(sched->curr_pid)));
	if (!sched->curr_pid) {
		zfree(&sched->cpu_last_switched);
		return -1;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < MAX_CPUS; i++)
		sched->curr_pid[i] = -1;

	return 0;
}

static void free_cpus_switch_event(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	zfree(&sched->curr_pid);
	zfree(&sched->cpu_last_switched);
}

static int perf_sched__lat(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	int rc = -1;
	struct rb_node *next;

	setup_pager();

	if (setup_cpus_switch_event(sched))
		return rc;

	if (perf_sched__read_events(sched))
		goto out_free_cpus_switch_event;

	perf_sched__merge_lat(sched);
	perf_sched__sort_lat(sched);

	printf("\n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
	printf("  Task                  |   Runtime ms  |  Count   | Avg delay ms    | Max delay ms    | Max delay start           | Max delay end          |\n");
	printf(" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");

	next = rb_first_cached(&sched->sorted_atom_root);

	while (next) {
		struct work_atoms *work_list;

		work_list = rb_entry(next, struct work_atoms, node);
		output_lat_thread(sched, work_list);
		next = rb_next(next);
	}

	printf(" -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
	printf("  TOTAL:                |%11.3f ms |%9" PRIu64 " |\n",
		(double)sched->all_runtime / NSEC_PER_MSEC, sched->all_count);

	printf(" ---------------------------------------------------\n");

	print_bad_events(sched);
	printf("\n");

	rc = 0;

	while ((next = rb_first_cached(&sched->sorted_atom_root))) {
		struct work_atoms *data;

		data = rb_entry(next, struct work_atoms, node);
		rb_erase_cached(next, &sched->sorted_atom_root);
		free_work_atoms(data);
	}
out_free_cpus_switch_event:
	free_cpus_switch_event(sched);
	return rc;
}

static int setup_map_cpus(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	sched->max_cpu.cpu  = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);

	if (sched->map.comp) {
		sched->map.comp_cpus = zalloc(sched->max_cpu.cpu * sizeof(int));
		if (!sched->map.comp_cpus)
			return -1;
	}

	if (sched->map.cpus_str) {
		sched->map.cpus = perf_cpu_map__new(sched->map.cpus_str);
		if (!sched->map.cpus) {
			pr_err("failed to get cpus map from %s\n", sched->map.cpus_str);
			zfree(&sched->map.comp_cpus);
			return -1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static int setup_color_pids(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	struct perf_thread_map *map;

	if (!sched->map.color_pids_str)
		return 0;

	map = thread_map__new_by_tid_str(sched->map.color_pids_str);
	if (!map) {
		pr_err("failed to get thread map from %s\n", sched->map.color_pids_str);
		return -1;
	}

	sched->map.color_pids = map;
	return 0;
}

static int setup_color_cpus(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	struct perf_cpu_map *map;

	if (!sched->map.color_cpus_str)
		return 0;

	map = perf_cpu_map__new(sched->map.color_cpus_str);
	if (!map) {
		pr_err("failed to get thread map from %s\n", sched->map.color_cpus_str);
		return -1;
	}

	sched->map.color_cpus = map;
	return 0;
}

static int perf_sched__map(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	int rc = -1;

	sched->curr_thread = calloc(MAX_CPUS, sizeof(*(sched->curr_thread)));
	if (!sched->curr_thread)
		return rc;

	sched->curr_out_thread = calloc(MAX_CPUS, sizeof(*(sched->curr_out_thread)));
	if (!sched->curr_out_thread)
		goto out_free_curr_thread;

	if (setup_cpus_switch_event(sched))
		goto out_free_curr_out_thread;

	if (setup_map_cpus(sched))
		goto out_free_cpus_switch_event;

	if (setup_color_pids(sched))
		goto out_put_map_cpus;

	if (setup_color_cpus(sched))
		goto out_put_color_pids;

	setup_pager();
	if (perf_sched__read_events(sched))
		goto out_put_color_cpus;

	rc = 0;
	print_bad_events(sched);

out_put_color_cpus:
	perf_cpu_map__put(sched->map.color_cpus);

out_put_color_pids:
	perf_thread_map__put(sched->map.color_pids);

out_put_map_cpus:
	zfree(&sched->map.comp_cpus);
	perf_cpu_map__put(sched->map.cpus);

out_free_cpus_switch_event:
	free_cpus_switch_event(sched);

out_free_curr_out_thread:
	for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CPUS; i++)
		thread__put(sched->curr_out_thread[i]);
	zfree(&sched->curr_out_thread);

out_free_curr_thread:
	for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CPUS; i++)
		thread__put(sched->curr_thread[i]);
	zfree(&sched->curr_thread);
	return rc;
}

static int perf_sched__replay(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	int ret;
	unsigned long i;

	mutex_init(&sched->start_work_mutex);
	mutex_init(&sched->work_done_wait_mutex);

	ret = setup_cpus_switch_event(sched);
	if (ret)
		goto out_mutex_destroy;

	calibrate_run_measurement_overhead(sched);
	calibrate_sleep_measurement_overhead(sched);

	test_calibrations(sched);

	ret = perf_sched__read_events(sched);
	if (ret)
		goto out_free_cpus_switch_event;

	printf("nr_run_events:        %ld\n", sched->nr_run_events);
	printf("nr_sleep_events:      %ld\n", sched->nr_sleep_events);
	printf("nr_wakeup_events:     %ld\n", sched->nr_wakeup_events);

	if (sched->targetless_wakeups)
		printf("target-less wakeups:  %ld\n", sched->targetless_wakeups);
	if (sched->multitarget_wakeups)
		printf("multi-target wakeups: %ld\n", sched->multitarget_wakeups);
	if (sched->nr_run_events_optimized)
		printf("run atoms optimized: %ld\n",
			sched->nr_run_events_optimized);

	print_task_traces(sched);
	add_cross_task_wakeups(sched);

	sched->thread_funcs_exit = false;
	create_tasks(sched);
	printf("------------------------------------------------------------\n");
	if (sched->replay_repeat == 0)
		sched->replay_repeat = UINT_MAX;

	for (i = 0; i < sched->replay_repeat; i++)
		run_one_test(sched);

	sched->thread_funcs_exit = true;
	destroy_tasks(sched);

out_free_cpus_switch_event:
	free_cpus_switch_event(sched);

out_mutex_destroy:
	mutex_destroy(&sched->start_work_mutex);
	mutex_destroy(&sched->work_done_wait_mutex);
	return ret;
}

static void setup_sorting(struct perf_sched *sched, const struct option *options,
			  const char * const usage_msg[])
{
	char *tmp, *tok, *str = strdup(sched->sort_order);

	for (tok = strtok_r(str, ", ", &tmp);
			tok; tok = strtok_r(NULL, ", ", &tmp)) {
		if (sort_dimension__add(tok, &sched->sort_list) < 0) {
			usage_with_options_msg(usage_msg, options,
					"Unknown --sort key: `%s'", tok);
		}
	}

	free(str);

	sort_dimension__add("pid", &sched->cmp_pid);
}

static int process_synthesized_schedstat_event(const struct perf_tool *tool,
					       union perf_event *event,
					       struct perf_sample *sample __maybe_unused,
					       struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
{
	struct perf_sched *sched = container_of(tool, struct perf_sched, tool);

	if (perf_data__write(sched->data, event, event->header.size) <= 0) {
		pr_err("failed to write perf data, error: %m\n");
		return -1;
	}

	sched->session->header.data_size += event->header.size;
	return 0;
}

static void sighandler(int sig __maybe_unused)
{
}

static int enable_sched_schedstats(int *reset)
{
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	FILE *fp;
	char ch;

	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/sys/kernel/sched_schedstats", procfs__mountpoint());
	fp = fopen(path, "w+");
	if (!fp) {
		pr_err("Failed to open %s\n", path);
		return -1;
	}

	ch = getc(fp);
	if (ch == '0') {
		*reset = 1;
		rewind(fp);
		putc('1', fp);
		fclose(fp);
	}
	return 0;
}

static int disable_sched_schedstat(void)
{
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	FILE *fp;

	snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "%s/sys/kernel/sched_schedstats", procfs__mountpoint());
	fp = fopen(path, "w");
	if (!fp) {
		pr_err("Failed to open %s\n", path);
		return -1;
	}

	putc('0', fp);
	fclose(fp);
	return 0;
}

/* perf.data or any other output file name used by stats subcommand (only). */
const char *output_name;

static int perf_sched__schedstat_record(struct perf_sched *sched,
					int argc, const char **argv)
{
	struct perf_session *session;
	struct target target = {};
	struct evlist *evlist;
	int reset = 0;
	int err = 0;
	int fd;
	struct perf_data data = {
		.path  = output_name,
		.mode  = PERF_DATA_MODE_WRITE,
	};

	signal(SIGINT, sighandler);
	signal(SIGCHLD, sighandler);
	signal(SIGTERM, sighandler);

	evlist = evlist__new();
	if (!evlist)
		return -ENOMEM;

	session = perf_session__new(&data, &sched->tool);
	if (IS_ERR(session)) {
		pr_err("Perf session creation failed.\n");
		evlist__delete(evlist);
		return PTR_ERR(session);
	}

	session->evlist = evlist;

	sched->session = session;
	sched->data = &data;

	fd = perf_data__fd(&data);

	/*
	 * Capture all important metadata about the system. Although they are
	 * not used by `perf sched stats` tool directly, they provide useful
	 * information about profiled environment.
	 */
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_HOSTNAME);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_OSRELEASE);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_VERSION);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_ARCH);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_NRCPUS);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_CPUDESC);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_CPUID);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_TOTAL_MEM);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_CMDLINE);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_CPU_TOPOLOGY);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_NUMA_TOPOLOGY);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_CACHE);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_MEM_TOPOLOGY);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_HYBRID_TOPOLOGY);
	perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, HEADER_CPU_DOMAIN_INFO);

	err = perf_session__write_header(session, evlist, fd, false);
	if (err < 0)
		goto out;

	/*
	 * `perf sched stats` does not support workload profiling (-p pid)
	 * since /proc/schedstat file contains cpu specific data only. Hence, a
	 * profile target is either set of cpus or systemwide, never a process.
	 * Note that, although `-- <workload>` is supported, profile data are
	 * still cpu/systemwide.
	 */
	if (cpu_list)
		target.cpu_list = cpu_list;
	else
		target.system_wide = true;

	if (argc) {
		err = evlist__prepare_workload(evlist, &target, argv, false, NULL);
		if (err)
			goto out;
	}

	err = evlist__create_maps(evlist, &target);
	if (err < 0)
		goto out;

	user_requested_cpus = evlist->core.user_requested_cpus;

	err = perf_event__synthesize_schedstat(&(sched->tool),
					       process_synthesized_schedstat_event,
					       user_requested_cpus);
	if (err < 0)
		goto out;

	err = enable_sched_schedstats(&reset);
	if (err < 0)
		goto out;

	if (argc)
		evlist__start_workload(evlist);

	/* wait for signal */
	pause();

	if (reset) {
		err = disable_sched_schedstat();
		if (err < 0)
			goto out;
	}

	err = perf_event__synthesize_schedstat(&(sched->tool),
					       process_synthesized_schedstat_event,
					       user_requested_cpus);
	if (err < 0)
		goto out;

	err = perf_session__write_header(session, evlist, fd, true);

out:
	if (!err)
		fprintf(stderr, "[ perf sched stats: Wrote samples to %s ]\n", data.path);
	else
		fprintf(stderr, "[ perf sched stats: Failed !! ]\n");

	evlist__delete(evlist);
	close(fd);
	return err;
}

struct schedstat_domain {
	struct list_head domain_list;
	struct perf_record_schedstat_domain *domain_data;
};

struct schedstat_cpu {
	struct list_head cpu_list;
	struct list_head domain_head;
	struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *cpu_data;
};

static struct list_head cpu_head = LIST_HEAD_INIT(cpu_head);
static struct schedstat_cpu *cpu_second_pass;
static struct schedstat_domain *domain_second_pass;
static bool after_workload_flag;
static bool verbose_field;

static void store_schedstat_cpu_diff(struct schedstat_cpu *after_workload)
{
	struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *before = cpu_second_pass->cpu_data;
	struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *after = after_workload->cpu_data;
	__u16 version = after_workload->cpu_data->version;

#define CPU_FIELD(_type, _name, _desc, _format, _is_pct, _pct_of, _ver)	\
	(before->_ver._name = after->_ver._name - before->_ver._name)

	if (version == 15) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v15.h>
	} else if (version == 16) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v16.h>
	} else if (version == 17) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v17.h>
	}

#undef CPU_FIELD
}

static void store_schedstat_domain_diff(struct schedstat_domain *after_workload)
{
	struct perf_record_schedstat_domain *before = domain_second_pass->domain_data;
	struct perf_record_schedstat_domain *after = after_workload->domain_data;
	__u16 version = after_workload->domain_data->version;

#define DOMAIN_FIELD(_type, _name, _desc, _format, _is_jiffies, _ver)	\
	(before->_ver._name = after->_ver._name - before->_ver._name)

	if (version == 15) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v15.h>
	} else if (version == 16) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v16.h>
	} else if (version == 17) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v17.h>
	}
#undef DOMAIN_FIELD
}

#define PCT_CHNG(_x, _y)        ((_x) ? ((double)((double)(_y) - (_x)) / (_x)) * 100 : 0.0)
static inline void print_cpu_stats(struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *cs1,
				   struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *cs2)
{
	printf("%-65s ", "DESC");
	if (!cs2)
		printf("%12s %12s", "COUNT", "PCT_CHANGE");
	else
		printf("%12s %11s %12s %14s %10s", "COUNT1", "COUNT2", "PCT_CHANGE",
		       "PCT_CHANGE1", "PCT_CHANGE2");

	printf("\n");
	print_separator2(SEP_LEN, "", 0);

#define CALC_PCT(_x, _y)	((_y) ? ((double)(_x) / (_y)) * 100 : 0.0)

#define CPU_FIELD(_type, _name, _desc, _format, _is_pct, _pct_of, _ver)			\
	do {										\
		printf("%-65s: " _format, verbose_field ? _desc : #_name,		\
		       cs1->_ver._name);						\
		if (!cs2) {								\
			if (_is_pct)							\
				printf("  ( %8.2lf%% )",				\
				       CALC_PCT(cs1->_ver._name, cs1->_ver._pct_of));	\
		} else {								\
			printf("," _format "  | %8.2lf%% |", cs2->_ver._name,		\
			       PCT_CHNG(cs1->_ver._name, cs2->_ver._name));		\
			if (_is_pct)							\
				printf("  ( %8.2lf%%,  %8.2lf%% )",			\
				       CALC_PCT(cs1->_ver._name, cs1->_ver._pct_of),	\
				       CALC_PCT(cs2->_ver._name, cs2->_ver._pct_of));	\
		}									\
		printf("\n");								\
	} while (0)

	if (cs1->version == 15) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v15.h>
	} else if (cs1->version == 16) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v16.h>
	} else if (cs1->version == 17) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v17.h>
	}

#undef CPU_FIELD
#undef CALC_PCT
}

static inline void print_domain_stats(struct perf_record_schedstat_domain *ds1,
				      struct perf_record_schedstat_domain *ds2,
				      __u64 jiffies1, __u64 jiffies2)
{
	printf("%-65s ", "DESC");
	if (!ds2)
		printf("%12s %14s", "COUNT", "AVG_JIFFIES");
	else
		printf("%12s %11s %12s %16s %12s", "COUNT1", "COUNT2", "PCT_CHANGE",
		       "AVG_JIFFIES1", "AVG_JIFFIES2");
	printf("\n");

#define DOMAIN_CATEGORY(_desc)							\
	do {									\
		size_t _len = strlen(_desc);					\
		size_t _pre_dash_cnt = (SEP_LEN - _len) / 2;			\
		size_t _post_dash_cnt = SEP_LEN - _len - _pre_dash_cnt;		\
		print_separator2((int)_pre_dash_cnt, _desc, (int)_post_dash_cnt);\
	} while (0)

#define CALC_AVG(_x, _y)	((_y) ? (long double)(_x) / (_y) : 0.0)

#define DOMAIN_FIELD(_type, _name, _desc, _format, _is_jiffies, _ver)		\
	do {									\
		printf("%-65s: " _format, verbose_field ? _desc : #_name,	\
		       ds1->_ver._name);					\
		if (!ds2) {							\
			if (_is_jiffies)					\
				printf("  $ %11.2Lf $",				\
				       CALC_AVG(jiffies1, ds1->_ver._name));	\
		} else {							\
			printf("," _format "  | %8.2lf%% |", ds2->_ver._name,	\
			       PCT_CHNG(ds1->_ver._name, ds2->_ver._name));	\
			if (_is_jiffies)					\
				printf("  $ %11.2Lf, %11.2Lf $",		\
				       CALC_AVG(jiffies1, ds1->_ver._name),	\
				       CALC_AVG(jiffies2, ds2->_ver._name));	\
		}								\
		printf("\n");							\
	} while (0)

#define DERIVED_CNT_FIELD(_name, _desc, _format, _x, _y, _z, _ver)		\
	do {									\
		__u32 t1 = ds1->_ver._x - ds1->_ver._y - ds1->_ver._z;		\
		printf("*%-64s: " _format, verbose_field ? _desc : #_name, t1);	\
		if (ds2) {							\
			__u32 t2 = ds2->_ver._x - ds2->_ver._y - ds2->_ver._z;	\
			printf("," _format "  | %8.2lf%% |", t2,		\
			       PCT_CHNG(t1, t2));				\
		}								\
		printf("\n");							\
	} while (0)

#define DERIVED_AVG_FIELD(_name, _desc, _format, _x, _y, _z, _w, _ver)		\
	do {									\
		__u32 t1 = ds1->_ver._x - ds1->_ver._y - ds1->_ver._z;		\
		printf("*%-64s: " _format, verbose_field ? _desc : #_name,	\
		       CALC_AVG(ds1->_ver._w, t1));				\
		if (ds2) {							\
			__u32 t2 = ds2->_ver._x - ds2->_ver._y - ds2->_ver._z;	\
			printf("," _format "  | %8.2Lf%% |",			\
			       CALC_AVG(ds2->_ver._w, t2),			\
			       PCT_CHNG(CALC_AVG(ds1->_ver._w, t1),		\
					CALC_AVG(ds2->_ver._w, t2)));		\
		}								\
		printf("\n");							\
	} while (0)

	if (ds1->version == 15) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v15.h>
	} else if (ds1->version == 16) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v16.h>
	} else if (ds1->version == 17) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v17.h>
	}

#undef DERIVED_AVG_FIELD
#undef DERIVED_CNT_FIELD
#undef DOMAIN_FIELD
#undef CALC_AVG
#undef DOMAIN_CATEGORY
}
#undef PCT_CHNG

static void summarize_schedstat_cpu(struct schedstat_cpu *summary_cpu,
				    struct schedstat_cpu *cptr,
				    int cnt, bool is_last)
{
	struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *summary_cs = summary_cpu->cpu_data,
					 *temp_cs = cptr->cpu_data;

#define CPU_FIELD(_type, _name, _desc, _format, _is_pct, _pct_of, _ver)		\
	do {									\
		summary_cs->_ver._name += temp_cs->_ver._name;			\
		if (is_last)							\
			summary_cs->_ver._name /= cnt;				\
	} while (0)

	if (cptr->cpu_data->version == 15) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v15.h>
	} else if (cptr->cpu_data->version == 16) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v16.h>
	} else if (cptr->cpu_data->version == 17) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v17.h>
	}
#undef CPU_FIELD
}

static void summarize_schedstat_domain(struct schedstat_domain *summary_domain,
				       struct schedstat_domain *dptr,
				       int cnt, bool is_last)
{
	struct perf_record_schedstat_domain *summary_ds = summary_domain->domain_data,
					    *temp_ds = dptr->domain_data;

#define DOMAIN_FIELD(_type, _name, _desc, _format, _is_jiffies, _ver)		\
	do {									\
		summary_ds->_ver._name += temp_ds->_ver._name;			\
		if (is_last)							\
			summary_ds->_ver._name /= cnt;				\
	} while (0)

	if (dptr->domain_data->version == 15) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v15.h>
	} else if (dptr->domain_data->version == 16) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v16.h>
	} else if (dptr->domain_data->version == 17) {
#include <perf/schedstat-v17.h>
	}
#undef DOMAIN_FIELD
}

/*
 * get_all_cpu_stats() appends the summary to the head of the list.
 */
static int get_all_cpu_stats(struct list_head *head)
{
	struct schedstat_cpu *cptr = list_first_entry(head, struct schedstat_cpu, cpu_list);
	struct schedstat_cpu *summary_head = NULL;
	struct perf_record_schedstat_domain *ds;
	struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *cs;
	struct schedstat_domain *dptr, *tdptr;
	bool is_last = false;
	int cnt = 1;
	int ret = 0;

	if (cptr) {
		summary_head = zalloc(sizeof(*summary_head));
		if (!summary_head)
			return -ENOMEM;

		summary_head->cpu_data = zalloc(sizeof(*cs));
		memcpy(summary_head->cpu_data, cptr->cpu_data, sizeof(*cs));

		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&summary_head->domain_head);

		list_for_each_entry(dptr, &cptr->domain_head, domain_list) {
			tdptr = zalloc(sizeof(*tdptr));
			if (!tdptr)
				return -ENOMEM;

			tdptr->domain_data = zalloc(sizeof(*ds));
			if (!tdptr->domain_data)
				return -ENOMEM;

			memcpy(tdptr->domain_data, dptr->domain_data, sizeof(*ds));
			list_add_tail(&tdptr->domain_list, &summary_head->domain_head);
		}
	}

	list_for_each_entry(cptr, head, cpu_list) {
		if (list_is_first(&cptr->cpu_list, head))
			continue;

		if (list_is_last(&cptr->cpu_list, head))
			is_last = true;

		cnt++;
		summarize_schedstat_cpu(summary_head, cptr, cnt, is_last);
		tdptr = list_first_entry(&summary_head->domain_head, struct schedstat_domain,
					 domain_list);

		list_for_each_entry(dptr, &cptr->domain_head, domain_list) {
			summarize_schedstat_domain(tdptr, dptr, cnt, is_last);
			tdptr = list_next_entry(tdptr, domain_list);
		}
	}

	list_add(&summary_head->cpu_list, head);
	return ret;
}

static int show_schedstat_data(struct list_head *head1, struct cpu_domain_map **cd_map1,
			       struct list_head *head2, struct cpu_domain_map **cd_map2,
			       bool summary_only)
{
	struct schedstat_cpu *cptr1 = list_first_entry(head1, struct schedstat_cpu, cpu_list);
	struct perf_record_schedstat_domain *ds1 = NULL, *ds2 = NULL;
	struct perf_record_schedstat_cpu *cs1 = NULL, *cs2 = NULL;
	struct schedstat_domain *dptr1 = NULL, *dptr2 = NULL;
	struct schedstat_cpu *cptr2 = NULL;
	__u64 jiffies1 = 0, jiffies2 = 0;
	bool is_summary = true;
	int ret = 0;

	printf("Description\n");
	print_separator2(SEP_LEN, "", 0);
	printf("%-30s-> %s\n", "DESC", "Description of the field");
	printf("%-30s-> %s\n", "COUNT", "Value of the field");
	printf("%-30s-> %s\n", "PCT_CHANGE", "Percent change with corresponding base value");
	printf("%-30s-> %s\n", "AVG_JIFFIES",
	       "Avg time in jiffies between two consecutive occurrence of event");

	print_separator2(SEP_LEN, "", 0);
	printf("\n");

	printf("%-65s: ", "Time elapsed (in jiffies)");
	jiffies1 = cptr1->cpu_data->timestamp;
	printf("%11llu", jiffies1);
	if (head2) {
		cptr2 = list_first_entry(head2, struct schedstat_cpu, cpu_list);
		jiffies2 = cptr2->cpu_data->timestamp;
		printf(",%11llu", jiffies2);
	}
	printf("\n");

	ret = get_all_cpu_stats(head1);
	if (cptr2) {
		ret = get_all_cpu_stats(head2);
		cptr2 = list_first_entry(head2, struct schedstat_cpu, cpu_list);
	}

	list_for_each_entry(cptr1, head1, cpu_list) {
		struct cpu_domain_map *cd_info1 = NULL, *cd_info2 = NULL;

		cs1 = cptr1->cpu_data;
		cd_info1 = cd_map1[cs1->cpu];
		if (cptr2) {
			cs2 = cptr2->cpu_data;
			cd_info2 = cd_map2[cs2->cpu];
			dptr2 = list_first_entry(&cptr2->domain_head, struct schedstat_domain,
						 domain_list);
		}

		if (cs2 && cs1->cpu != cs2->cpu) {
			pr_err("Failed because matching cpus not found for diff\n");
			return -1;
		}

		if (cd_info2 && cd_info1->nr_domains != cd_info2->nr_domains) {
			pr_err("Failed because nr_domains is not same for cpus\n");
			return -1;
		}

		print_separator2(SEP_LEN, "", 0);

		if (is_summary)
			printf("CPU: <ALL CPUS SUMMARY>\n");
		else
			printf("CPU: %d\n", cs1->cpu);

		print_separator2(SEP_LEN, "", 0);
		print_cpu_stats(cs1, cs2);
		print_separator2(SEP_LEN, "", 0);

		list_for_each_entry(dptr1, &cptr1->domain_head, domain_list) {
			struct domain_info *dinfo1 = NULL, *dinfo2 = NULL;

			ds1 = dptr1->domain_data;
			dinfo1 = cd_info1->domains[ds1->domain];
			if (dptr2) {
				ds2 = dptr2->domain_data;
				dinfo2 = cd_info2->domains[ds2->domain];
			}

			if (dinfo2 && dinfo1->domain != dinfo2->domain) {
				pr_err("Failed because matching domain not found for diff\n");
				return -1;
			}

			if (is_summary) {
				if (dinfo1->dname)
					printf("CPU: <ALL CPUS SUMMARY> | DOMAIN: %s\n",
					       dinfo1->dname);
				else
					printf("CPU: <ALL CPUS SUMMARY> | DOMAIN: %d\n",
					       dinfo1->domain);
			} else {
				if (dinfo1->dname)
					printf("CPU: %d | DOMAIN: %s | DOMAIN_CPUS: ",
					       cs1->cpu, dinfo1->dname);
				else
					printf("CPU: %d | DOMAIN: %d | DOMAIN_CPUS: ",
					       cs1->cpu, dinfo1->domain);

				printf("%s\n", dinfo1->cpulist);
			}
			print_separator2(SEP_LEN, "", 0);
			print_domain_stats(ds1, ds2, jiffies1, jiffies2);
			print_separator2(SEP_LEN, "", 0);

			if (dptr2)
				dptr2 = list_next_entry(dptr2, domain_list);
		}
		if (summary_only)
			break;

		if (cptr2)
			cptr2 = list_next_entry(cptr2, cpu_list);

		is_summary = false;
	}
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Creates a linked list of cpu_data and domain_data. Below represents the structure of the linked
 * list where CPU0,CPU1,CPU2, ..., CPU(N-1) stores the cpu_data. Here N is the total number of cpus.
 * Each of the CPU points to the list of domain_data. Here DOMAIN0, DOMAIN1, DOMAIN2, ... represents
 * the domain_data. Here D0, D1, D2, ..., Dm are the number of domains in the respective cpus.
 *
 *	+----------+
 *	| CPU_HEAD |
 *	+----------+
 *	      |
 *	      v
 *	+----------+    +---------+    +---------+    +---------+	    +--------------+
 *	|   CPU0   | -> | DOMAIN0 | -> | DOMAIN1 | -> | DOMAIN2 | -> ... -> | DOMAIN(D0-1) |
 *	+----------+    +---------+    +---------+    +---------+           +--------------+
 *	      |
 *	      v
 *	+----------+    +---------+    +---------+    +---------+           +--------------+
 *	|   CPU1   | -> | DOMAIN0 | -> | DOMAIN1 | -> | DOMAIN2 | -> ... -> | DOMAIN(D1-1) |
 *	+----------+    +---------+    +---------+    +---------+           +--------------+
 *	      |
 *	      v
 *	+----------+    +---------+    +---------+    +---------+           +--------------+
 *	|   CPU2   | -> | DOMAIN0 | -> | DOMAIN1 | -> | DOMAIN2 | -> ... -> | DOMAIN(D2-1) |
 *	+----------+    +---------+    +---------+    +---------+           +--------------+
 *	      |
 *	      v
 *	     ...
 *	      |
 *	      v
 *	+----------+    +---------+    +---------+    +---------+           +--------------+
 *	| CPU(N-1) | -> | DOMAIN0 | -> | DOMAIN1 | -> | DOMAIN2 | -> ... -> | DOMAIN(Dm-1) |
 *	+----------+    +---------+    +---------+    +---------+           +--------------+
 *
 * Each cpu as well as domain has 2 enties in the event list one before the workload starts and
 * other after completion of the workload. The above linked list stores the diff of the cpu and
 * domain statistics.
 */
static int perf_sched__process_schedstat(const struct perf_tool *tool __maybe_unused,
					 struct perf_session *session __maybe_unused,
					 union perf_event *event)
{
	struct perf_cpu this_cpu;
	static __u32 initial_cpu;

	switch (event->header.type) {
	case PERF_RECORD_SCHEDSTAT_CPU:
		this_cpu.cpu = event->schedstat_cpu.cpu;
		break;
	case PERF_RECORD_SCHEDSTAT_DOMAIN:
		this_cpu.cpu = event->schedstat_domain.cpu;
		break;
	default:
		return 0;
	}

	if (user_requested_cpus && !perf_cpu_map__has(user_requested_cpus, this_cpu))
		return 0;

	if (event->header.type == PERF_RECORD_SCHEDSTAT_CPU) {
		struct schedstat_cpu *temp = zalloc(sizeof(*temp));

		if (!temp)
			return -ENOMEM;

		temp->cpu_data = zalloc(sizeof(*temp->cpu_data));
		if (!temp->cpu_data)
			return -ENOMEM;

		memcpy(temp->cpu_data, &event->schedstat_cpu, sizeof(*temp->cpu_data));

		if (!list_empty(&cpu_head) && temp->cpu_data->cpu == initial_cpu)
			after_workload_flag = true;

		if (!after_workload_flag) {
			if (list_empty(&cpu_head))
				initial_cpu = temp->cpu_data->cpu;

			list_add_tail(&temp->cpu_list, &cpu_head);
			INIT_LIST_HEAD(&temp->domain_head);
		} else {
			if (temp->cpu_data->cpu == initial_cpu) {
				cpu_second_pass = list_first_entry(&cpu_head, struct schedstat_cpu,
								   cpu_list);
				cpu_second_pass->cpu_data->timestamp =
					temp->cpu_data->timestamp - cpu_second_pass->cpu_data->timestamp;
			} else {
				cpu_second_pass = list_next_entry(cpu_second_pass, cpu_list);
			}
			domain_second_pass = list_first_entry(&cpu_second_pass->domain_head,
							      struct schedstat_domain, domain_list);
			store_schedstat_cpu_diff(temp);
		}
	} else if (event->header.type == PERF_RECORD_SCHEDSTAT_DOMAIN) {
		struct schedstat_cpu *cpu_tail;
		struct schedstat_domain *temp = zalloc(sizeof(*temp));

		if (!temp)
			return -ENOMEM;

		temp->domain_data = zalloc(sizeof(*temp->domain_data));
		if (!temp->domain_data)
			return -ENOMEM;

		memcpy(temp->domain_data, &event->schedstat_domain, sizeof(*temp->domain_data));

		if (!after_workload_flag) {
			cpu_tail = list_last_entry(&cpu_head, struct schedstat_cpu, cpu_list);
			list_add_tail(&temp->domain_list, &cpu_tail->domain_head);
		} else {
			store_schedstat_domain_diff(temp);
			domain_second_pass = list_next_entry(domain_second_pass, domain_list);
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static void free_schedstat(struct list_head *head)
{
	struct schedstat_domain *dptr, *n1;
	struct schedstat_cpu *cptr, *n2;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(cptr, n2, head, cpu_list) {
		list_for_each_entry_safe(dptr, n1, &cptr->domain_head, domain_list) {
			list_del_init(&dptr->domain_list);
			free(dptr);
		}
		list_del_init(&cptr->cpu_list);
		free(cptr);
	}
}

static int perf_sched__schedstat_report(struct perf_sched *sched)
{
	struct cpu_domain_map **cd_map;
	struct perf_session *session;
	struct target target = {};
	struct perf_data data = {
		.path  = input_name,
		.mode  = PERF_DATA_MODE_READ,
	};
	int err = 0;

	sched->tool.schedstat_cpu = perf_sched__process_schedstat;
	sched->tool.schedstat_domain = perf_sched__process_schedstat;

	session = perf_session__new(&data, &sched->tool);
	if (IS_ERR(session)) {
		pr_err("Perf session creation failed.\n");
		return PTR_ERR(session);
	}

	if (cpu_list)
		target.cpu_list = cpu_list;
	else
		target.system_wide = true;

	err = evlist__create_maps(session->evlist, &target);
	if (err < 0)
		goto out;

	user_requested_cpus = session->evlist->core.user_requested_cpus;

	err = perf_session__process_events(session);

	if (!err) {
		setup_pager();

		if (list_empty(&cpu_head)) {
			pr_err("Data is not available\n");
			err = -1;
			goto out;
		}

		cd_map = session->header.env.cpu_domain;
		err = show_schedstat_data(&cpu_head, cd_map, NULL, NULL, false);
	}

out:
	free_schedstat(&cpu_head);
	perf_session__delete(session);
	return err;
}

static int perf_sched__schedstat_diff(struct perf_sched *sched,
				      int argc, const char **argv)
{
	struct cpu_domain_map **cd_map0 = NULL, **cd_map1 = NULL;
	struct list_head cpu_head_ses0, cpu_head_ses1;
	struct perf_session *session[2];
	struct perf_data data[2];
	int ret = 0, err = 0;
	static const char *defaults[] = {
		"perf.data.old",
		"perf.data",
	};

	if (argc) {
		if (argc == 1)
			defaults[1] = argv[0];
		else if (argc == 2) {
			defaults[0] = argv[0];
			defaults[1] = argv[1];
		} else {
			pr_err("perf sched stats diff is not supported with more than 2 files.\n");
			goto out_ret;
		}
	}

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cpu_head_ses0);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cpu_head_ses1);

	sched->tool.schedstat_cpu = perf_sched__process_schedstat;
	sched->tool.schedstat_domain = perf_sched__process_schedstat;

	data[0].path = defaults[0];
	data[0].mode  = PERF_DATA_MODE_READ;
	session[0] = perf_session__new(&data[0], &sched->tool);
	if (IS_ERR(session[0])) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(session[0]);
		pr_err("Failed to open %s\n", data[0].path);
		goto out_delete_ses0;
	}

	err = perf_session__process_events(session[0]);
	if (err)
		goto out_delete_ses0;

	cd_map0 = session[0]->header.env.cpu_domain;
	list_replace_init(&cpu_head, &cpu_head_ses0);
	after_workload_flag = false;

	data[1].path = defaults[1];
	data[1].mode  = PERF_DATA_MODE_READ;
	session[1] = perf_session__new(&data[1], &sched->tool);
	if (IS_ERR(session[1])) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(session[1]);
		pr_err("Failed to open %s\n", data[1].path);
		goto out_delete_ses1;
	}

	err = perf_session__process_events(session[1]);
	if (err)
		goto out_delete_ses1;

	cd_map1 = session[1]->header.env.cpu_domain;
	list_replace_init(&cpu_head, &cpu_head_ses1);
	after_workload_flag = false;
	setup_pager();

	if (list_empty(&cpu_head_ses1)) {
		pr_err("Data is not available\n");
		ret = -1;
		goto out_delete_ses1;
	}

	if (list_empty(&cpu_head_ses0)) {
		pr_err("Data is not available\n");
		ret = -1;
		goto out_delete_ses0;
	}

	show_schedstat_data(&cpu_head_ses0, cd_map0, &cpu_head_ses1, cd_map1, true);

out_delete_ses1:
	free_schedstat(&cpu_head_ses1);
	if (!IS_ERR(session[1]))
		perf_session__delete(session[1]);

out_delete_ses0:
	free_schedstat(&cpu_head_ses0);
	if (!IS_ERR(session[0]))
		perf_session__delete(session[0]);

out_ret:
	return ret;
}

static int process_synthesized_event_live(const struct perf_tool *tool __maybe_unused,
					  union perf_event *event,
					  struct perf_sample *sample __maybe_unused,
					  struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
{
	return perf_sched__process_schedstat(tool, NULL, event);
}

static int perf_sched__schedstat_live(struct perf_sched *sched,
				      int argc, const char **argv)
{
	struct cpu_domain_map **cd_map = NULL;
	struct target target = {};
	u32 __maybe_unused md;
	struct evlist *evlist;
	u32 nr = 0, sv;
	int reset = 0;
	int err = 0;

	signal(SIGINT, sighandler);
	signal(SIGCHLD, sighandler);
	signal(SIGTERM, sighandler);

	evlist = evlist__new();
	if (!evlist)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/*
	 * `perf sched schedstat` does not support workload profiling (-p pid)
	 * since /proc/schedstat file contains cpu specific data only. Hence, a
	 * profile target is either set of cpus or systemwide, never a process.
	 * Note that, although `-- <workload>` is supported, profile data are
	 * still cpu/systemwide.
	 */
	if (cpu_list)
		target.cpu_list = cpu_list;
	else
		target.system_wide = true;

	if (argc) {
		err = evlist__prepare_workload(evlist, &target, argv, false, NULL);
		if (err)
			goto out;
	}

	err = evlist__create_maps(evlist, &target);
	if (err < 0)
		goto out;

	user_requested_cpus = evlist->core.user_requested_cpus;

	err = perf_event__synthesize_schedstat(&(sched->tool),
					       process_synthesized_event_live,
					       user_requested_cpus);
	if (err < 0)
		goto out;

	err = enable_sched_schedstats(&reset);
	if (err < 0)
		goto out;

	if (argc)
		evlist__start_workload(evlist);

	/* wait for signal */
	pause();

	if (reset) {
		err = disable_sched_schedstat();
		if (err < 0)
			goto out;
	}

	err = perf_event__synthesize_schedstat(&(sched->tool),
					       process_synthesized_event_live,
					       user_requested_cpus);
	if (err)
		goto out;

	setup_pager();

	if (list_empty(&cpu_head)) {
		pr_err("Data is not available\n");
		err = -1;
		goto out;
	}

	nr = cpu__max_present_cpu().cpu;
	cd_map = build_cpu_domain_map(&sv, &md, nr);
	if (!cd_map) {
		pr_err("Unable to generate cpu-domain relation info");
		goto out;
	}

	show_schedstat_data(&cpu_head, cd_map, NULL, NULL, false);
	free_cpu_domain_info(cd_map, sv, nr);
out:
	free_schedstat(&cpu_head);
	evlist__delete(evlist);
	return err;
}

static bool schedstat_events_exposed(void)
{
	/*
	 * Select "sched:sched_stat_wait" event to check
	 * whether schedstat tracepoints are exposed.
	 */
	return IS_ERR(trace_event__tp_format("sched", "sched_stat_wait")) ?
		false : true;
}

static int __cmd_record(int argc, const char **argv)
{
	unsigned int rec_argc, i, j;
	char **rec_argv;
	const char **rec_argv_copy;
	const char * const record_args[] = {
		"record",
		"-a",
		"-R",
		"-m", "1024",
		"-c", "1",
		"-e", "sched:sched_switch",
		"-e", "sched:sched_stat_runtime",
		"-e", "sched:sched_process_fork",
		"-e", "sched:sched_wakeup_new",
		"-e", "sched:sched_migrate_task",
	};

	/*
	 * The tracepoints trace_sched_stat_{wait, sleep, iowait}
	 * are not exposed to user if CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS is not set,
	 * to prevent "perf sched record" execution failure, determine
	 * whether to record schedstat events according to actual situation.
	 */
	const char * const schedstat_args[] = {
		"-e", "sched:sched_stat_wait",
		"-e", "sched:sched_stat_sleep",
		"-e", "sched:sched_stat_iowait",
	};
	unsigned int schedstat_argc = schedstat_events_exposed() ?
		ARRAY_SIZE(schedstat_args) : 0;

	struct tep_event *waking_event;
	int ret;

	/*
	 * +2 for either "-e", "sched:sched_wakeup" or
	 * "-e", "sched:sched_waking"
	 */
	rec_argc = ARRAY_SIZE(record_args) + 2 + schedstat_argc + argc - 1;
	rec_argv = calloc(rec_argc + 1, sizeof(char *));
	if (rec_argv == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	rec_argv_copy = calloc(rec_argc + 1, sizeof(char *));
	if (rec_argv_copy == NULL) {
		free(rec_argv);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(record_args); i++)
		rec_argv[i] = strdup(record_args[i]);

	rec_argv[i++] = strdup("-e");
	waking_event = trace_event__tp_format("sched", "sched_waking");
	if (!IS_ERR(waking_event))
		rec_argv[i++] = strdup("sched:sched_waking");
	else
		rec_argv[i++] = strdup("sched:sched_wakeup");

	for (j = 0; j < schedstat_argc; j++)
		rec_argv[i++] = strdup(schedstat_args[j]);

	for (j = 1; j < (unsigned int)argc; j++, i++)
		rec_argv[i] = strdup(argv[j]);

	BUG_ON(i != rec_argc);

	memcpy(rec_argv_copy, rec_argv, sizeof(char *) * rec_argc);
	ret = cmd_record(rec_argc, rec_argv_copy);

	for (i = 0; i < rec_argc; i++)
		free(rec_argv[i]);
	free(rec_argv);
	free(rec_argv_copy);

	return ret;
}

int cmd_sched(int argc, const char **argv)
{
	static const char default_sort_order[] = "avg, max, switch, runtime";
	struct perf_sched sched = {
		.cmp_pid	      = LIST_HEAD_INIT(sched.cmp_pid),
		.sort_list	      = LIST_HEAD_INIT(sched.sort_list),
		.sort_order	      = default_sort_order,
		.replay_repeat	      = 10,
		.profile_cpu	      = -1,
		.next_shortname1      = 'A',
		.next_shortname2      = '0',
		.skip_merge           = 0,
		.show_callchain	      = 1,
		.max_stack            = 5,
	};
	const struct option sched_options[] = {
	OPT_STRING('i', "input", &input_name, "file",
		    "input file name"),
	OPT_INCR('v', "verbose", &verbose,
		    "be more verbose (show symbol address, etc)"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('D', "dump-raw-trace", &dump_trace,
		    "dump raw trace in ASCII"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &sched.force, "don't complain, do it"),
	OPT_END()
	};
	const struct option latency_options[] = {
	OPT_STRING('s', "sort", &sched.sort_order, "key[,key2...]",
		   "sort by key(s): runtime, switch, avg, max"),
	OPT_INTEGER('C', "CPU", &sched.profile_cpu,
		    "CPU to profile on"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "pids", &sched.skip_merge,
		    "latency stats per pid instead of per comm"),
	OPT_PARENT(sched_options)
	};
	const struct option replay_options[] = {
	OPT_UINTEGER('r', "repeat", &sched.replay_repeat,
		     "repeat the workload replay N times (0: infinite)"),
	OPT_PARENT(sched_options)
	};
	const struct option map_options[] = {
	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "compact", &sched.map.comp,
		    "map output in compact mode"),
	OPT_STRING(0, "color-pids", &sched.map.color_pids_str, "pids",
		   "highlight given pids in map"),
	OPT_STRING(0, "color-cpus", &sched.map.color_cpus_str, "cpus",
                    "highlight given CPUs in map"),
	OPT_STRING(0, "cpus", &sched.map.cpus_str, "cpus",
                    "display given CPUs in map"),
	OPT_STRING(0, "task-name", &sched.map.task_name, "task",
		"map output only for the given task name(s)."),
	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "fuzzy-name", &sched.map.fuzzy,
		"given command name can be partially matched (fuzzy matching)"),
	OPT_PARENT(sched_options)
	};
	const struct option timehist_options[] = {
	OPT_STRING('k', "vmlinux", &symbol_conf.vmlinux_name,
		   "file", "vmlinux pathname"),
	OPT_STRING(0, "kallsyms", &symbol_conf.kallsyms_name,
		   "file", "kallsyms pathname"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('g', "call-graph", &sched.show_callchain,
		    "Display call chains if present (default on)"),
	OPT_UINTEGER(0, "max-stack", &sched.max_stack,
		   "Maximum number of functions to display backtrace."),
	OPT_STRING(0, "symfs", &symbol_conf.symfs, "directory",
		    "Look for files with symbols relative to this directory"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "summary", &sched.summary_only,
		    "Show only syscall summary with statistics"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('S', "with-summary", &sched.summary,
		    "Show all syscalls and summary with statistics"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('w', "wakeups", &sched.show_wakeups, "Show wakeup events"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "next", &sched.show_next, "Show next task"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('M', "migrations", &sched.show_migrations, "Show migration events"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('V', "cpu-visual", &sched.show_cpu_visual, "Add CPU visual"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('I', "idle-hist", &sched.idle_hist, "Show idle events only"),
	OPT_STRING(0, "time", &sched.time_str, "str",
		   "Time span for analysis (start,stop)"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "state", &sched.show_state, "Show task state when sched-out"),
	OPT_STRING('p', "pid", &symbol_conf.pid_list_str, "pid[,pid...]",
		   "analyze events only for given process id(s)"),
	OPT_STRING('t', "tid", &symbol_conf.tid_list_str, "tid[,tid...]",
		   "analyze events only for given thread id(s)"),
	OPT_STRING('C', "cpu", &cpu_list, "cpu", "list of cpus to profile"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "show-prio", &sched.show_prio, "Show task priority"),
	OPT_STRING(0, "prio", &sched.prio_str, "prio",
		   "analyze events only for given task priority(ies)"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('P', "pre-migrations", &sched.pre_migrations, "Show pre-migration wait time"),
	OPT_PARENT(sched_options)
	};
	const struct option stats_options[] = {
	OPT_STRING('i', "input", &input_name, "file",
		   "`stats report` with input filename"),
	OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output_name, "file",
		   "`stats record` with output filename"),
	OPT_STRING('C', "cpu", &cpu_list, "cpu", "list of cpus to profile"),
	OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", &verbose_field, "Show explanation for fields in the report"),
	OPT_END()
	};

	const char * const latency_usage[] = {
		"perf sched latency [<options>]",
		NULL
	};
	const char * const replay_usage[] = {
		"perf sched replay [<options>]",
		NULL
	};
	const char * const map_usage[] = {
		"perf sched map [<options>]",
		NULL
	};
	const char * const timehist_usage[] = {
		"perf sched timehist [<options>]",
		NULL
	};
	const char *stats_usage[] = {
		"perf sched stats {record|report} [<options>]",
		NULL
	};
	const char *const sched_subcommands[] = { "record", "latency", "map",
						  "replay", "script",
						  "timehist", "stats", NULL };
	const char *sched_usage[] = {
		NULL,
		NULL
	};
	struct trace_sched_handler lat_ops  = {
		.wakeup_event	    = latency_wakeup_event,
		.switch_event	    = latency_switch_event,
		.runtime_event	    = latency_runtime_event,
		.migrate_task_event = latency_migrate_task_event,
	};
	struct trace_sched_handler map_ops  = {
		.switch_event	    = map_switch_event,
	};
	struct trace_sched_handler replay_ops  = {
		.wakeup_event	    = replay_wakeup_event,
		.switch_event	    = replay_switch_event,
		.fork_event	    = replay_fork_event,
	};
	int ret;

	perf_tool__init(&sched.tool, /*ordered_events=*/true);
	sched.tool.sample	 = perf_sched__process_tracepoint_sample;
	sched.tool.comm		 = perf_sched__process_comm;
	sched.tool.namespaces	 = perf_event__process_namespaces;
	sched.tool.lost		 = perf_event__process_lost;
	sched.tool.fork		 = perf_sched__process_fork_event;

	argc = parse_options_subcommand(argc, argv, sched_options, sched_subcommands,
					sched_usage, PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
	if (!argc)
		usage_with_options(sched_usage, sched_options);

	thread__set_priv_destructor(free);

	/*
	 * Aliased to 'perf script' for now:
	 */
	if (!strcmp(argv[0], "script")) {
		ret = cmd_script(argc, argv);
	} else if (strlen(argv[0]) > 2 && strstarts("record", argv[0])) {
		ret = __cmd_record(argc, argv);
	} else if (strlen(argv[0]) > 2 && strstarts("latency", argv[0])) {
		sched.tp_handler = &lat_ops;
		if (argc > 1) {
			argc = parse_options(argc, argv, latency_options, latency_usage, 0);
			if (argc)
				usage_with_options(latency_usage, latency_options);
		}
		setup_sorting(&sched, latency_options, latency_usage);
		ret = perf_sched__lat(&sched);
	} else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "map")) {
		if (argc) {
			argc = parse_options(argc, argv, map_options, map_usage, 0);
			if (argc)
				usage_with_options(map_usage, map_options);

			if (sched.map.task_name) {
				sched.map.task_names = strlist__new(sched.map.task_name, NULL);
				if (sched.map.task_names == NULL) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Failed to parse task names\n");
					ret = -1;
					goto out;
				}
			}
		}
		sched.tp_handler = &map_ops;
		setup_sorting(&sched, latency_options, latency_usage);
		ret = perf_sched__map(&sched);
	} else if (strlen(argv[0]) > 2 && strstarts("replay", argv[0])) {
		sched.tp_handler = &replay_ops;
		if (argc) {
			argc = parse_options(argc, argv, replay_options, replay_usage, 0);
			if (argc)
				usage_with_options(replay_usage, replay_options);
		}
		ret = perf_sched__replay(&sched);
	} else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "timehist")) {
		if (argc) {
			argc = parse_options(argc, argv, timehist_options,
					     timehist_usage, 0);
			if (argc)
				usage_with_options(timehist_usage, timehist_options);
		}
		if ((sched.show_wakeups || sched.show_next) &&
		    sched.summary_only) {
			pr_err(" Error: -s and -[n|w] are mutually exclusive.\n");
			parse_options_usage(timehist_usage, timehist_options, "s", true);
			if (sched.show_wakeups)
				parse_options_usage(NULL, timehist_options, "w", true);
			if (sched.show_next)
				parse_options_usage(NULL, timehist_options, "n", true);
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}
		ret = symbol__validate_sym_arguments();
		if (!ret)
			ret = perf_sched__timehist(&sched);
	} else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "stats")) {
		const char *const stats_subcommands[] = {"record", "report", NULL};

		argc = parse_options_subcommand(argc, argv, stats_options,
						stats_subcommands,
						stats_usage,
						PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);

		if (argv[0] && !strcmp(argv[0], "record")) {
			if (argc)
				argc = parse_options(argc, argv, stats_options,
						     stats_usage, 0);
			return perf_sched__schedstat_record(&sched, argc, argv);
		} else if (argv[0] && !strcmp(argv[0], "report")) {
			if (argc)
				argc = parse_options(argc, argv, stats_options,
						     stats_usage, 0);
			return perf_sched__schedstat_report(&sched);
		} else if (argv[0] && !strcmp(argv[0], "diff")) {
			if (argc)
				argc = parse_options(argc, argv, stats_options,
						     stats_usage, 0);
			return perf_sched__schedstat_diff(&sched, argc, argv);
		}
		return perf_sched__schedstat_live(&sched, argc, argv);
	} else {
		usage_with_options(sched_usage, sched_options);
	}

out:
	/* free usage string allocated by parse_options_subcommand */
	free((void *)sched_usage[0]);

	return ret;
}