xref: /linux/tools/lib/bpf/bpf_helpers.h (revision da51bbcdbace8f43adf6066934c3926b656376e5)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: (LGPL-2.1 OR BSD-2-Clause) */
2 #ifndef __BPF_HELPERS__
3 #define __BPF_HELPERS__
4 
5 /*
6  * Note that bpf programs need to include either
7  * vmlinux.h (auto-generated from BTF) or linux/types.h
8  * in advance since bpf_helper_defs.h uses such types
9  * as __u64.
10  */
11 #include "bpf_helper_defs.h"
12 
13 #define __uint(name, val) int (*name)[val]
14 #define __type(name, val) typeof(val) *name
15 #define __array(name, val) typeof(val) *name[]
16 #define __ulong(name, val) enum { ___bpf_concat(__unique_value, __COUNTER__) = val } name
17 
18 /*
19  * Helper macro to place programs, maps, license in
20  * different sections in elf_bpf file. Section names
21  * are interpreted by libbpf depending on the context (BPF programs, BPF maps,
22  * extern variables, etc).
23  * To allow use of SEC() with externs (e.g., for extern .maps declarations),
24  * make sure __attribute__((unused)) doesn't trigger compilation warning.
25  */
26 #if __GNUC__ && !__clang__
27 
28 /*
29  * Pragma macros are broken on GCC
30  * https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=55578
31  * https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90400
32  */
33 #define SEC(name) __attribute__((section(name), used))
34 
35 #else
36 
37 #define SEC(name) \
38 	_Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")					    \
39 	_Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wignored-attributes\"")	    \
40 	__attribute__((section(name), used))				    \
41 	_Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")					    \
42 
43 #endif
44 
45 /* Avoid 'linux/stddef.h' definition of '__always_inline'. */
46 #undef __always_inline
47 #define __always_inline inline __attribute__((always_inline))
48 
49 #ifndef __noinline
50 #define __noinline __attribute__((noinline))
51 #endif
52 #ifndef __weak
53 #define __weak __attribute__((weak))
54 #endif
55 
56 /*
57  * Use __hidden attribute to mark a non-static BPF subprogram effectively
58  * static for BPF verifier's verification algorithm purposes, allowing more
59  * extensive and permissive BPF verification process, taking into account
60  * subprogram's caller context.
61  */
62 #define __hidden __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
63 
64 /* When utilizing vmlinux.h with BPF CO-RE, user BPF programs can't include
65  * any system-level headers (such as stddef.h, linux/version.h, etc), and
66  * commonly-used macros like NULL and KERNEL_VERSION aren't available through
67  * vmlinux.h. This just adds unnecessary hurdles and forces users to re-define
68  * them on their own. So as a convenience, provide such definitions here.
69  */
70 #ifndef NULL
71 #define NULL ((void *)0)
72 #endif
73 
74 #ifndef KERNEL_VERSION
75 #define KERNEL_VERSION(a, b, c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + ((c) > 255 ? 255 : (c)))
76 #endif
77 
78 /*
79  * Helper macros to manipulate data structures
80  */
81 
82 /* offsetof() definition that uses __builtin_offset() might not preserve field
83  * offset CO-RE relocation properly, so force-redefine offsetof() using
84  * old-school approach which works with CO-RE correctly
85  */
86 #undef offsetof
87 #define offsetof(type, member)	((unsigned long)&((type *)0)->member)
88 
89 /* redefined container_of() to ensure we use the above offsetof() macro */
90 #undef container_of
91 #define container_of(ptr, type, member)				\
92 	({							\
93 		void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr);			\
94 		((type *)(__mptr - offsetof(type, member)));	\
95 	})
96 
97 /*
98  * Compiler (optimization) barrier.
99  */
100 #ifndef barrier
101 #define barrier() asm volatile("" ::: "memory")
102 #endif
103 
104 /* Variable-specific compiler (optimization) barrier. It's a no-op which makes
105  * compiler believe that there is some black box modification of a given
106  * variable and thus prevents compiler from making extra assumption about its
107  * value and potential simplifications and optimizations on this variable.
108  *
109  * E.g., compiler might often delay or even omit 32-bit to 64-bit casting of
110  * a variable, making some code patterns unverifiable. Putting barrier_var()
111  * in place will ensure that cast is performed before the barrier_var()
112  * invocation, because compiler has to pessimistically assume that embedded
113  * asm section might perform some extra operations on that variable.
114  *
115  * This is a variable-specific variant of more global barrier().
116  */
117 #ifndef barrier_var
118 #define barrier_var(var) asm volatile("" : "+r"(var))
119 #endif
120 
121 /*
122  * Helper macro to throw a compilation error if __bpf_unreachable() gets
123  * built into the resulting code. This works given BPF back end does not
124  * implement __builtin_trap(). This is useful to assert that certain paths
125  * of the program code are never used and hence eliminated by the compiler.
126  *
127  * For example, consider a switch statement that covers known cases used by
128  * the program. __bpf_unreachable() can then reside in the default case. If
129  * the program gets extended such that a case is not covered in the switch
130  * statement, then it will throw a build error due to the default case not
131  * being compiled out.
132  */
133 #ifndef __bpf_unreachable
134 # define __bpf_unreachable()	__builtin_trap()
135 #endif
136 
137 /*
138  * Helper function to perform a tail call with a constant/immediate map slot.
139  */
140 #if __clang_major__ >= 8 && defined(__bpf__)
141 static __always_inline void
142 bpf_tail_call_static(void *ctx, const void *map, const __u32 slot)
143 {
144 	if (!__builtin_constant_p(slot))
145 		__bpf_unreachable();
146 
147 	/*
148 	 * Provide a hard guarantee that LLVM won't optimize setting r2 (map
149 	 * pointer) and r3 (constant map index) from _different paths_ ending
150 	 * up at the _same_ call insn as otherwise we won't be able to use the
151 	 * jmpq/nopl retpoline-free patching by the x86-64 JIT in the kernel
152 	 * given they mismatch. See also d2e4c1e6c294 ("bpf: Constant map key
153 	 * tracking for prog array pokes") for details on verifier tracking.
154 	 *
155 	 * Note on clobber list: we need to stay in-line with BPF calling
156 	 * convention, so even if we don't end up using r0, r4, r5, we need
157 	 * to mark them as clobber so that LLVM doesn't end up using them
158 	 * before / after the call.
159 	 */
160 	asm volatile("r1 = %[ctx]\n\t"
161 		     "r2 = %[map]\n\t"
162 		     "r3 = %[slot]\n\t"
163 		     "call 12"
164 		     :: [ctx]"r"(ctx), [map]"r"(map), [slot]"i"(slot)
165 		     : "r0", "r1", "r2", "r3", "r4", "r5");
166 }
167 #endif
168 
169 enum libbpf_pin_type {
170 	LIBBPF_PIN_NONE,
171 	/* PIN_BY_NAME: pin maps by name (in /sys/fs/bpf by default) */
172 	LIBBPF_PIN_BY_NAME,
173 };
174 
175 enum libbpf_tristate {
176 	TRI_NO = 0,
177 	TRI_YES = 1,
178 	TRI_MODULE = 2,
179 };
180 
181 #define __kconfig __attribute__((section(".kconfig")))
182 #define __ksym __attribute__((section(".ksyms")))
183 #define __kptr_untrusted __attribute__((btf_type_tag("kptr_untrusted")))
184 #define __kptr __attribute__((btf_type_tag("kptr")))
185 #define __percpu_kptr __attribute__((btf_type_tag("percpu_kptr")))
186 
187 #define bpf_ksym_exists(sym) ({									\
188 	_Static_assert(!__builtin_constant_p(!!sym), #sym " should be marked as __weak");	\
189 	!!sym;											\
190 })
191 
192 #define __arg_ctx __attribute__((btf_decl_tag("arg:ctx")))
193 #define __arg_nonnull __attribute((btf_decl_tag("arg:nonnull")))
194 #define __arg_nullable __attribute((btf_decl_tag("arg:nullable")))
195 #define __arg_trusted __attribute((btf_decl_tag("arg:trusted")))
196 #define __arg_arena __attribute((btf_decl_tag("arg:arena")))
197 
198 #ifndef ___bpf_concat
199 #define ___bpf_concat(a, b) a ## b
200 #endif
201 #ifndef ___bpf_apply
202 #define ___bpf_apply(fn, n) ___bpf_concat(fn, n)
203 #endif
204 #ifndef ___bpf_nth
205 #define ___bpf_nth(_, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _a, _b, _c, N, ...) N
206 #endif
207 #ifndef ___bpf_narg
208 #define ___bpf_narg(...) \
209 	___bpf_nth(_, ##__VA_ARGS__, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)
210 #endif
211 
212 #define ___bpf_fill0(arr, p, x) do {} while (0)
213 #define ___bpf_fill1(arr, p, x) arr[p] = x
214 #define ___bpf_fill2(arr, p, x, args...) arr[p] = x; ___bpf_fill1(arr, p + 1, args)
215 #define ___bpf_fill3(arr, p, x, args...) arr[p] = x; ___bpf_fill2(arr, p + 1, args)
216 #define ___bpf_fill4(arr, p, x, args...) arr[p] = x; ___bpf_fill3(arr, p + 1, args)
217 #define ___bpf_fill5(arr, p, x, args...) arr[p] = x; ___bpf_fill4(arr, p + 1, args)
218 #define ___bpf_fill6(arr, p, x, args...) arr[p] = x; ___bpf_fill5(arr, p + 1, args)
219 #define ___bpf_fill7(arr, p, x, args...) arr[p] = x; ___bpf_fill6(arr, p + 1, args)
220 #define ___bpf_fill8(arr, p, x, args...) arr[p] = x; ___bpf_fill7(arr, p + 1, args)
221 #define ___bpf_fill9(arr, p, x, args...) arr[p] = x; ___bpf_fill8(arr, p + 1, args)
222 #define ___bpf_fill10(arr, p, x, args...) arr[p] = x; ___bpf_fill9(arr, p + 1, args)
223 #define ___bpf_fill11(arr, p, x, args...) arr[p] = x; ___bpf_fill10(arr, p + 1, args)
224 #define ___bpf_fill12(arr, p, x, args...) arr[p] = x; ___bpf_fill11(arr, p + 1, args)
225 #define ___bpf_fill(arr, args...) \
226 	___bpf_apply(___bpf_fill, ___bpf_narg(args))(arr, 0, args)
227 
228 /*
229  * BPF_SEQ_PRINTF to wrap bpf_seq_printf to-be-printed values
230  * in a structure.
231  */
232 #define BPF_SEQ_PRINTF(seq, fmt, args...)			\
233 ({								\
234 	static const char ___fmt[] = fmt;			\
235 	unsigned long long ___param[___bpf_narg(args)];		\
236 								\
237 	_Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")				\
238 	_Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wint-conversion\"")	\
239 	___bpf_fill(___param, args);				\
240 	_Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")				\
241 								\
242 	bpf_seq_printf(seq, ___fmt, sizeof(___fmt),		\
243 		       ___param, sizeof(___param));		\
244 })
245 
246 /*
247  * BPF_SNPRINTF wraps the bpf_snprintf helper with variadic arguments instead of
248  * an array of u64.
249  */
250 #define BPF_SNPRINTF(out, out_size, fmt, args...)		\
251 ({								\
252 	static const char ___fmt[] = fmt;			\
253 	unsigned long long ___param[___bpf_narg(args)];		\
254 								\
255 	_Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")				\
256 	_Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wint-conversion\"")	\
257 	___bpf_fill(___param, args);				\
258 	_Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")				\
259 								\
260 	bpf_snprintf(out, out_size, ___fmt,			\
261 		     ___param, sizeof(___param));		\
262 })
263 
264 #ifdef BPF_NO_GLOBAL_DATA
265 #define BPF_PRINTK_FMT_MOD
266 #else
267 #define BPF_PRINTK_FMT_MOD static const
268 #endif
269 
270 #define __bpf_printk(fmt, ...)				\
271 ({							\
272 	BPF_PRINTK_FMT_MOD char ____fmt[] = fmt;	\
273 	bpf_trace_printk(____fmt, sizeof(____fmt),	\
274 			 ##__VA_ARGS__);		\
275 })
276 
277 /*
278  * __bpf_vprintk wraps the bpf_trace_vprintk helper with variadic arguments
279  * instead of an array of u64.
280  */
281 #define __bpf_vprintk(fmt, args...)				\
282 ({								\
283 	static const char ___fmt[] = fmt;			\
284 	unsigned long long ___param[___bpf_narg(args)];		\
285 								\
286 	_Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")				\
287 	_Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wint-conversion\"")	\
288 	___bpf_fill(___param, args);				\
289 	_Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")				\
290 								\
291 	bpf_trace_vprintk(___fmt, sizeof(___fmt),		\
292 			  ___param, sizeof(___param));		\
293 })
294 
295 /* Use __bpf_printk when bpf_printk call has 3 or fewer fmt args
296  * Otherwise use __bpf_vprintk
297  */
298 #define ___bpf_pick_printk(...) \
299 	___bpf_nth(_, ##__VA_ARGS__, __bpf_vprintk, __bpf_vprintk, __bpf_vprintk,	\
300 		   __bpf_vprintk, __bpf_vprintk, __bpf_vprintk, __bpf_vprintk,		\
301 		   __bpf_vprintk, __bpf_vprintk, __bpf_printk /*3*/, __bpf_printk /*2*/,\
302 		   __bpf_printk /*1*/, __bpf_printk /*0*/)
303 
304 /* Helper macro to print out debug messages */
305 #define bpf_printk(fmt, args...) ___bpf_pick_printk(args)(fmt, ##args)
306 
307 struct bpf_iter_num;
308 
309 extern int bpf_iter_num_new(struct bpf_iter_num *it, int start, int end) __weak __ksym;
310 extern int *bpf_iter_num_next(struct bpf_iter_num *it) __weak __ksym;
311 extern void bpf_iter_num_destroy(struct bpf_iter_num *it) __weak __ksym;
312 
313 #ifndef bpf_for_each
314 /* bpf_for_each(iter_type, cur_elem, args...) provides generic construct for
315  * using BPF open-coded iterators without having to write mundane explicit
316  * low-level loop logic. Instead, it provides for()-like generic construct
317  * that can be used pretty naturally. E.g., for some hypothetical cgroup
318  * iterator, you'd write:
319  *
320  * struct cgroup *cg, *parent_cg = <...>;
321  *
322  * bpf_for_each(cgroup, cg, parent_cg, CG_ITER_CHILDREN) {
323  *     bpf_printk("Child cgroup id = %d", cg->cgroup_id);
324  *     if (cg->cgroup_id == 123)
325  *         break;
326  * }
327  *
328  * I.e., it looks almost like high-level for each loop in other languages,
329  * supports continue/break, and is verifiable by BPF verifier.
330  *
331  * For iterating integers, the difference betwen bpf_for_each(num, i, N, M)
332  * and bpf_for(i, N, M) is in that bpf_for() provides additional proof to
333  * verifier that i is in [N, M) range, and in bpf_for_each() case i is `int
334  * *`, not just `int`. So for integers bpf_for() is more convenient.
335  *
336  * Note: this macro relies on C99 feature of allowing to declare variables
337  * inside for() loop, bound to for() loop lifetime. It also utilizes GCC
338  * extension: __attribute__((cleanup(<func>))), supported by both GCC and
339  * Clang.
340  */
341 #define bpf_for_each(type, cur, args...) for (							\
342 	/* initialize and define destructor */							\
343 	struct bpf_iter_##type ___it __attribute__((aligned(8), /* enforce, just in case */,	\
344 						    cleanup(bpf_iter_##type##_destroy))),	\
345 	/* ___p pointer is just to call bpf_iter_##type##_new() *once* to init ___it */		\
346 			       *___p __attribute__((unused)) = (				\
347 					bpf_iter_##type##_new(&___it, ##args),			\
348 	/* this is a workaround for Clang bug: it currently doesn't emit BTF */			\
349 	/* for bpf_iter_##type##_destroy() when used from cleanup() attribute */		\
350 					(void)bpf_iter_##type##_destroy, (void *)0);		\
351 	/* iteration and termination check */							\
352 	(((cur) = bpf_iter_##type##_next(&___it)));						\
353 )
354 #endif /* bpf_for_each */
355 
356 #ifndef bpf_for
357 /* bpf_for(i, start, end) implements a for()-like looping construct that sets
358  * provided integer variable *i* to values starting from *start* through,
359  * but not including, *end*. It also proves to BPF verifier that *i* belongs
360  * to range [start, end), so this can be used for accessing arrays without
361  * extra checks.
362  *
363  * Note: *start* and *end* are assumed to be expressions with no side effects
364  * and whose values do not change throughout bpf_for() loop execution. They do
365  * not have to be statically known or constant, though.
366  *
367  * Note: similarly to bpf_for_each(), it relies on C99 feature of declaring for()
368  * loop bound variables and cleanup attribute, supported by GCC and Clang.
369  */
370 #define bpf_for(i, start, end) for (								\
371 	/* initialize and define destructor */							\
372 	struct bpf_iter_num ___it __attribute__((aligned(8), /* enforce, just in case */	\
373 						 cleanup(bpf_iter_num_destroy))),		\
374 	/* ___p pointer is necessary to call bpf_iter_num_new() *once* to init ___it */		\
375 			    *___p __attribute__((unused)) = (					\
376 				bpf_iter_num_new(&___it, (start), (end)),			\
377 	/* this is a workaround for Clang bug: it currently doesn't emit BTF */			\
378 	/* for bpf_iter_num_destroy() when used from cleanup() attribute */			\
379 				(void)bpf_iter_num_destroy, (void *)0);				\
380 	({											\
381 		/* iteration step */								\
382 		int *___t = bpf_iter_num_next(&___it);						\
383 		/* termination and bounds check */						\
384 		(___t && ((i) = *___t, (i) >= (start) && (i) < (end)));				\
385 	});											\
386 )
387 #endif /* bpf_for */
388 
389 #ifndef bpf_repeat
390 /* bpf_repeat(N) performs N iterations without exposing iteration number
391  *
392  * Note: similarly to bpf_for_each(), it relies on C99 feature of declaring for()
393  * loop bound variables and cleanup attribute, supported by GCC and Clang.
394  */
395 #define bpf_repeat(N) for (									\
396 	/* initialize and define destructor */							\
397 	struct bpf_iter_num ___it __attribute__((aligned(8), /* enforce, just in case */	\
398 						 cleanup(bpf_iter_num_destroy))),		\
399 	/* ___p pointer is necessary to call bpf_iter_num_new() *once* to init ___it */		\
400 			    *___p __attribute__((unused)) = (					\
401 				bpf_iter_num_new(&___it, 0, (N)),				\
402 	/* this is a workaround for Clang bug: it currently doesn't emit BTF */			\
403 	/* for bpf_iter_num_destroy() when used from cleanup() attribute */			\
404 				(void)bpf_iter_num_destroy, (void *)0);				\
405 	bpf_iter_num_next(&___it);								\
406 	/* nothing here  */									\
407 )
408 #endif /* bpf_repeat */
409 
410 #endif
411