xref: /linux/tools/bpf/bpftool/prog.c (revision 07fdad3a93756b872da7b53647715c48d0f4a2d0)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
2 /* Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Netronome Systems, Inc. */
3 
4 #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
5 #define _GNU_SOURCE
6 #endif
7 #include <errno.h>
8 #include <fcntl.h>
9 #include <signal.h>
10 #include <stdarg.h>
11 #include <stdio.h>
12 #include <stdlib.h>
13 #include <string.h>
14 #include <time.h>
15 #include <unistd.h>
16 #include <net/if.h>
17 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
18 #include <sys/types.h>
19 #include <sys/stat.h>
20 #include <sys/syscall.h>
21 #include <dirent.h>
22 
23 #include <linux/err.h>
24 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
25 #include <linux/sizes.h>
26 #include <linux/keyctl.h>
27 
28 #include <bpf/bpf.h>
29 #include <bpf/btf.h>
30 #include <bpf/hashmap.h>
31 #include <bpf/libbpf.h>
32 #include <bpf/libbpf_internal.h>
33 #include <bpf/skel_internal.h>
34 
35 #include "cfg.h"
36 #include "main.h"
37 #include "xlated_dumper.h"
38 
39 #define BPF_METADATA_PREFIX "bpf_metadata_"
40 #define BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN (sizeof(BPF_METADATA_PREFIX) - 1)
41 
42 enum dump_mode {
43 	DUMP_JITED,
44 	DUMP_XLATED,
45 };
46 
47 static const bool attach_types[] = {
48 	[BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_PARSER] = true,
49 	[BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_VERDICT] = true,
50 	[BPF_SK_SKB_VERDICT] = true,
51 	[BPF_SK_MSG_VERDICT] = true,
52 	[BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR] = true,
53 	[__MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE] = false,
54 };
55 
56 /* Textual representations traditionally used by the program and kept around
57  * for the sake of backwards compatibility.
58  */
59 static const char * const attach_type_strings[] = {
60 	[BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_PARSER] = "stream_parser",
61 	[BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_VERDICT] = "stream_verdict",
62 	[BPF_SK_SKB_VERDICT] = "skb_verdict",
63 	[BPF_SK_MSG_VERDICT] = "msg_verdict",
64 	[__MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE] = NULL,
65 };
66 
67 static struct hashmap *prog_table;
68 
69 static enum bpf_attach_type parse_attach_type(const char *str)
70 {
71 	enum bpf_attach_type type;
72 
73 	for (type = 0; type < __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE; type++) {
74 		if (attach_types[type]) {
75 			const char *attach_type_str;
76 
77 			attach_type_str = libbpf_bpf_attach_type_str(type);
78 			if (!strcmp(str, attach_type_str))
79 				return type;
80 		}
81 
82 		if (attach_type_strings[type] &&
83 		    is_prefix(str, attach_type_strings[type]))
84 			return type;
85 	}
86 
87 	return __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE;
88 }
89 
90 static int prep_prog_info(struct bpf_prog_info *const info, enum dump_mode mode,
91 			  void **info_data, size_t *const info_data_sz)
92 {
93 	struct bpf_prog_info holder = {};
94 	size_t needed = 0;
95 	void *ptr;
96 
97 	if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
98 		holder.jited_prog_len = info->jited_prog_len;
99 		needed += info->jited_prog_len;
100 	} else {
101 		holder.xlated_prog_len = info->xlated_prog_len;
102 		needed += info->xlated_prog_len;
103 	}
104 
105 	holder.nr_jited_ksyms = info->nr_jited_ksyms;
106 	needed += info->nr_jited_ksyms * sizeof(__u64);
107 
108 	holder.nr_jited_func_lens = info->nr_jited_func_lens;
109 	needed += info->nr_jited_func_lens * sizeof(__u32);
110 
111 	holder.nr_func_info = info->nr_func_info;
112 	holder.func_info_rec_size = info->func_info_rec_size;
113 	needed += info->nr_func_info * info->func_info_rec_size;
114 
115 	holder.nr_line_info = info->nr_line_info;
116 	holder.line_info_rec_size = info->line_info_rec_size;
117 	needed += info->nr_line_info * info->line_info_rec_size;
118 
119 	holder.nr_jited_line_info = info->nr_jited_line_info;
120 	holder.jited_line_info_rec_size = info->jited_line_info_rec_size;
121 	needed += info->nr_jited_line_info * info->jited_line_info_rec_size;
122 
123 	if (needed > *info_data_sz) {
124 		ptr = realloc(*info_data, needed);
125 		if (!ptr)
126 			return -1;
127 
128 		*info_data = ptr;
129 		*info_data_sz = needed;
130 	}
131 	ptr = *info_data;
132 
133 	if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
134 		holder.jited_prog_insns = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
135 		ptr += holder.jited_prog_len;
136 	} else {
137 		holder.xlated_prog_insns = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
138 		ptr += holder.xlated_prog_len;
139 	}
140 
141 	holder.jited_ksyms = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
142 	ptr += holder.nr_jited_ksyms * sizeof(__u64);
143 
144 	holder.jited_func_lens = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
145 	ptr += holder.nr_jited_func_lens * sizeof(__u32);
146 
147 	holder.func_info = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
148 	ptr += holder.nr_func_info * holder.func_info_rec_size;
149 
150 	holder.line_info = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
151 	ptr += holder.nr_line_info * holder.line_info_rec_size;
152 
153 	holder.jited_line_info = ptr_to_u64(ptr);
154 	ptr += holder.nr_jited_line_info * holder.jited_line_info_rec_size;
155 
156 	*info = holder;
157 	return 0;
158 }
159 
160 static void print_boot_time(__u64 nsecs, char *buf, unsigned int size)
161 {
162 	struct timespec real_time_ts, boot_time_ts;
163 	time_t wallclock_secs;
164 	struct tm load_tm;
165 
166 	buf[--size] = '\0';
167 
168 	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &real_time_ts) ||
169 	    clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &boot_time_ts)) {
170 		perror("Can't read clocks");
171 		snprintf(buf, size, "%llu", nsecs / 1000000000);
172 		return;
173 	}
174 
175 	wallclock_secs = (real_time_ts.tv_sec - boot_time_ts.tv_sec) +
176 		(real_time_ts.tv_nsec - boot_time_ts.tv_nsec + nsecs) /
177 		1000000000;
178 
179 
180 	if (!localtime_r(&wallclock_secs, &load_tm)) {
181 		snprintf(buf, size, "%llu", nsecs / 1000000000);
182 		return;
183 	}
184 
185 	if (json_output)
186 		strftime(buf, size, "%s", &load_tm);
187 	else
188 		strftime(buf, size, "%FT%T%z", &load_tm);
189 }
190 
191 static void show_prog_maps(int fd, __u32 num_maps)
192 {
193 	struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
194 	__u32 len = sizeof(info);
195 	__u32 map_ids[num_maps];
196 	unsigned int i;
197 	int err;
198 
199 	info.nr_map_ids = num_maps;
200 	info.map_ids = ptr_to_u64(map_ids);
201 
202 	err = bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
203 	if (err || !info.nr_map_ids)
204 		return;
205 
206 	if (json_output) {
207 		jsonw_name(json_wtr, "map_ids");
208 		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
209 		for (i = 0; i < info.nr_map_ids; i++)
210 			jsonw_uint(json_wtr, map_ids[i]);
211 		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
212 	} else {
213 		printf("  map_ids ");
214 		for (i = 0; i < info.nr_map_ids; i++)
215 			printf("%u%s", map_ids[i],
216 			       i == info.nr_map_ids - 1 ? "" : ",");
217 	}
218 }
219 
220 static void *find_metadata(int prog_fd, struct bpf_map_info *map_info)
221 {
222 	struct bpf_prog_info prog_info;
223 	__u32 prog_info_len;
224 	__u32 map_info_len;
225 	void *value = NULL;
226 	__u32 *map_ids;
227 	int nr_maps;
228 	int key = 0;
229 	int map_fd;
230 	int ret;
231 	__u32 i;
232 
233 	memset(&prog_info, 0, sizeof(prog_info));
234 	prog_info_len = sizeof(prog_info);
235 	ret = bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd(prog_fd, &prog_info, &prog_info_len);
236 	if (ret)
237 		return NULL;
238 
239 	if (!prog_info.nr_map_ids)
240 		return NULL;
241 
242 	map_ids = calloc(prog_info.nr_map_ids, sizeof(__u32));
243 	if (!map_ids)
244 		return NULL;
245 
246 	nr_maps = prog_info.nr_map_ids;
247 	memset(&prog_info, 0, sizeof(prog_info));
248 	prog_info.nr_map_ids = nr_maps;
249 	prog_info.map_ids = ptr_to_u64(map_ids);
250 	prog_info_len = sizeof(prog_info);
251 
252 	ret = bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd(prog_fd, &prog_info, &prog_info_len);
253 	if (ret)
254 		goto free_map_ids;
255 
256 	for (i = 0; i < prog_info.nr_map_ids; i++) {
257 		map_fd = bpf_map_get_fd_by_id(map_ids[i]);
258 		if (map_fd < 0)
259 			goto free_map_ids;
260 
261 		memset(map_info, 0, sizeof(*map_info));
262 		map_info_len = sizeof(*map_info);
263 		ret = bpf_map_get_info_by_fd(map_fd, map_info, &map_info_len);
264 		if (ret < 0) {
265 			close(map_fd);
266 			goto free_map_ids;
267 		}
268 
269 		if (map_info->type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY ||
270 		    map_info->key_size != sizeof(int) ||
271 		    map_info->max_entries != 1 ||
272 		    !map_info->btf_value_type_id ||
273 		    !strstr(map_info->name, ".rodata")) {
274 			close(map_fd);
275 			continue;
276 		}
277 
278 		value = malloc(map_info->value_size);
279 		if (!value) {
280 			close(map_fd);
281 			goto free_map_ids;
282 		}
283 
284 		if (bpf_map_lookup_elem(map_fd, &key, value)) {
285 			close(map_fd);
286 			free(value);
287 			value = NULL;
288 			goto free_map_ids;
289 		}
290 
291 		close(map_fd);
292 		break;
293 	}
294 
295 free_map_ids:
296 	free(map_ids);
297 	return value;
298 }
299 
300 static bool has_metadata_prefix(const char *s)
301 {
302 	return strncmp(s, BPF_METADATA_PREFIX, BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN) == 0;
303 }
304 
305 static void show_prog_metadata(int fd, __u32 num_maps)
306 {
307 	const struct btf_type *t_datasec, *t_var;
308 	struct bpf_map_info map_info;
309 	struct btf_var_secinfo *vsi;
310 	bool printed_header = false;
311 	unsigned int i, vlen;
312 	void *value = NULL;
313 	const char *name;
314 	struct btf *btf;
315 	int err;
316 
317 	if (!num_maps)
318 		return;
319 
320 	memset(&map_info, 0, sizeof(map_info));
321 	value = find_metadata(fd, &map_info);
322 	if (!value)
323 		return;
324 
325 	btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(map_info.btf_id);
326 	if (!btf)
327 		goto out_free;
328 
329 	t_datasec = btf__type_by_id(btf, map_info.btf_value_type_id);
330 	if (!btf_is_datasec(t_datasec))
331 		goto out_free;
332 
333 	vlen = btf_vlen(t_datasec);
334 	vsi = btf_var_secinfos(t_datasec);
335 
336 	/* We don't proceed to check the kinds of the elements of the DATASEC.
337 	 * The verifier enforces them to be BTF_KIND_VAR.
338 	 */
339 
340 	if (json_output) {
341 		struct btf_dumper d = {
342 			.btf = btf,
343 			.jw = json_wtr,
344 			.is_plain_text = false,
345 		};
346 
347 		for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, vsi++) {
348 			t_var = btf__type_by_id(btf, vsi->type);
349 			name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, t_var->name_off);
350 
351 			if (!has_metadata_prefix(name))
352 				continue;
353 
354 			if (!printed_header) {
355 				jsonw_name(json_wtr, "metadata");
356 				jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
357 				printed_header = true;
358 			}
359 
360 			jsonw_name(json_wtr, name + BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN);
361 			err = btf_dumper_type(&d, t_var->type, value + vsi->offset);
362 			if (err) {
363 				p_err("btf dump failed: %d", err);
364 				break;
365 			}
366 		}
367 		if (printed_header)
368 			jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
369 	} else {
370 		json_writer_t *btf_wtr;
371 		struct btf_dumper d = {
372 			.btf = btf,
373 			.is_plain_text = true,
374 		};
375 
376 		for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, vsi++) {
377 			t_var = btf__type_by_id(btf, vsi->type);
378 			name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, t_var->name_off);
379 
380 			if (!has_metadata_prefix(name))
381 				continue;
382 
383 			if (!printed_header) {
384 				printf("\tmetadata:");
385 
386 				btf_wtr = jsonw_new(stdout);
387 				if (!btf_wtr) {
388 					p_err("jsonw alloc failed");
389 					goto out_free;
390 				}
391 				d.jw = btf_wtr,
392 
393 				printed_header = true;
394 			}
395 
396 			printf("\n\t\t%s = ", name + BPF_METADATA_PREFIX_LEN);
397 
398 			jsonw_reset(btf_wtr);
399 			err = btf_dumper_type(&d, t_var->type, value + vsi->offset);
400 			if (err) {
401 				p_err("btf dump failed: %d", err);
402 				break;
403 			}
404 		}
405 		if (printed_header)
406 			jsonw_destroy(&btf_wtr);
407 	}
408 
409 out_free:
410 	btf__free(btf);
411 	free(value);
412 }
413 
414 static void print_prog_header_json(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
415 {
416 	const char *prog_type_str;
417 	char prog_name[MAX_PROG_FULL_NAME];
418 
419 	jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "id", info->id);
420 	prog_type_str = libbpf_bpf_prog_type_str(info->type);
421 
422 	if (prog_type_str)
423 		jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "type", prog_type_str);
424 	else
425 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "type", info->type);
426 
427 	if (*info->name) {
428 		get_prog_full_name(info, fd, prog_name, sizeof(prog_name));
429 		jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "name", prog_name);
430 	}
431 
432 	jsonw_name(json_wtr, "tag");
433 	jsonw_printf(json_wtr, "\"" BPF_TAG_FMT "\"",
434 		     info->tag[0], info->tag[1], info->tag[2], info->tag[3],
435 		     info->tag[4], info->tag[5], info->tag[6], info->tag[7]);
436 
437 	jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "gpl_compatible", info->gpl_compatible);
438 	if (info->run_time_ns) {
439 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "run_time_ns", info->run_time_ns);
440 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "run_cnt", info->run_cnt);
441 	}
442 	if (info->recursion_misses)
443 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "recursion_misses", info->recursion_misses);
444 }
445 
446 static void print_prog_json(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd, bool orphaned)
447 {
448 	char *memlock;
449 
450 	jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
451 	print_prog_header_json(info, fd);
452 	print_dev_json(info->ifindex, info->netns_dev, info->netns_ino);
453 
454 	if (info->load_time) {
455 		char buf[32];
456 
457 		print_boot_time(info->load_time, buf, sizeof(buf));
458 
459 		/* Piggy back on load_time, since 0 uid is a valid one */
460 		jsonw_name(json_wtr, "loaded_at");
461 		jsonw_printf(json_wtr, "%s", buf);
462 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "uid", info->created_by_uid);
463 	}
464 
465 	jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "orphaned", orphaned);
466 	jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "bytes_xlated", info->xlated_prog_len);
467 
468 	if (info->jited_prog_len) {
469 		jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "jited", true);
470 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "bytes_jited", info->jited_prog_len);
471 	} else {
472 		jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, "jited", false);
473 	}
474 
475 	memlock = get_fdinfo(fd, "memlock");
476 	if (memlock)
477 		jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "bytes_memlock", atoll(memlock));
478 	free(memlock);
479 
480 	if (info->nr_map_ids)
481 		show_prog_maps(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
482 
483 	if (info->btf_id)
484 		jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "btf_id", info->btf_id);
485 
486 	if (!hashmap__empty(prog_table)) {
487 		struct hashmap_entry *entry;
488 
489 		jsonw_name(json_wtr, "pinned");
490 		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
491 		hashmap__for_each_key_entry(prog_table, entry, info->id)
492 			jsonw_string(json_wtr, entry->pvalue);
493 		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
494 	}
495 
496 	emit_obj_refs_json(refs_table, info->id, json_wtr);
497 
498 	show_prog_metadata(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
499 
500 	jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
501 }
502 
503 static void print_prog_header_plain(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd)
504 {
505 	const char *prog_type_str;
506 	char prog_name[MAX_PROG_FULL_NAME];
507 
508 	printf("%u: ", info->id);
509 	prog_type_str = libbpf_bpf_prog_type_str(info->type);
510 	if (prog_type_str)
511 		printf("%s  ", prog_type_str);
512 	else
513 		printf("type %u  ", info->type);
514 
515 	if (*info->name) {
516 		get_prog_full_name(info, fd, prog_name, sizeof(prog_name));
517 		printf("name %s  ", prog_name);
518 	}
519 
520 	printf("tag ");
521 	fprint_hex(stdout, info->tag, BPF_TAG_SIZE, "");
522 	print_dev_plain(info->ifindex, info->netns_dev, info->netns_ino);
523 	printf("%s", info->gpl_compatible ? "  gpl" : "");
524 	if (info->run_time_ns)
525 		printf(" run_time_ns %llu run_cnt %llu",
526 		       info->run_time_ns, info->run_cnt);
527 	if (info->recursion_misses)
528 		printf(" recursion_misses %llu", info->recursion_misses);
529 	printf("\n");
530 }
531 
532 static void print_prog_plain(struct bpf_prog_info *info, int fd, bool orphaned)
533 {
534 	char *memlock;
535 
536 	print_prog_header_plain(info, fd);
537 
538 	if (info->load_time) {
539 		char buf[32];
540 
541 		print_boot_time(info->load_time, buf, sizeof(buf));
542 
543 		/* Piggy back on load_time, since 0 uid is a valid one */
544 		printf("\tloaded_at %s  uid %u\n", buf, info->created_by_uid);
545 	}
546 
547 	printf("\txlated %uB", info->xlated_prog_len);
548 
549 	if (info->jited_prog_len)
550 		printf("  jited %uB", info->jited_prog_len);
551 	else
552 		printf("  not jited");
553 
554 	memlock = get_fdinfo(fd, "memlock");
555 	if (memlock)
556 		printf("  memlock %sB", memlock);
557 	free(memlock);
558 
559 	if (orphaned)
560 		printf("  orphaned");
561 
562 	if (info->nr_map_ids)
563 		show_prog_maps(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
564 
565 	if (!hashmap__empty(prog_table)) {
566 		struct hashmap_entry *entry;
567 
568 		hashmap__for_each_key_entry(prog_table, entry, info->id)
569 			printf("\n\tpinned %s", (char *)entry->pvalue);
570 	}
571 
572 	if (info->btf_id)
573 		printf("\n\tbtf_id %u", info->btf_id);
574 
575 	emit_obj_refs_plain(refs_table, info->id, "\n\tpids ");
576 
577 	printf("\n");
578 
579 	show_prog_metadata(fd, info->nr_map_ids);
580 }
581 
582 static int show_prog(int fd)
583 {
584 	struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
585 	__u32 len = sizeof(info);
586 	int err;
587 
588 	err = bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
589 	if (err && err != -ENODEV) {
590 		p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
591 		return -1;
592 	}
593 
594 	if (json_output)
595 		print_prog_json(&info, fd, err == -ENODEV);
596 	else
597 		print_prog_plain(&info, fd, err == -ENODEV);
598 
599 	return 0;
600 }
601 
602 static int do_show_subset(int argc, char **argv)
603 {
604 	int *fds = NULL;
605 	int nb_fds, i;
606 	int err = -1;
607 
608 	fds = malloc(sizeof(int));
609 	if (!fds) {
610 		p_err("mem alloc failed");
611 		return -1;
612 	}
613 	nb_fds = prog_parse_fds(&argc, &argv, &fds);
614 	if (nb_fds < 1)
615 		goto exit_free;
616 
617 	if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
618 		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */
619 	for (i = 0; i < nb_fds; i++) {
620 		err = show_prog(fds[i]);
621 		if (err) {
622 			for (; i < nb_fds; i++)
623 				close(fds[i]);
624 			break;
625 		}
626 		close(fds[i]);
627 	}
628 	if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
629 		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */
630 
631 exit_free:
632 	free(fds);
633 	return err;
634 }
635 
636 static int do_show(int argc, char **argv)
637 {
638 	__u32 id = 0;
639 	int err;
640 	int fd;
641 
642 	if (show_pinned) {
643 		prog_table = hashmap__new(hash_fn_for_key_as_id,
644 					  equal_fn_for_key_as_id, NULL);
645 		if (IS_ERR(prog_table)) {
646 			p_err("failed to create hashmap for pinned paths");
647 			return -1;
648 		}
649 		build_pinned_obj_table(prog_table, BPF_OBJ_PROG);
650 	}
651 	build_obj_refs_table(&refs_table, BPF_OBJ_PROG);
652 
653 	if (argc == 2)
654 		return do_show_subset(argc, argv);
655 
656 	if (argc)
657 		return BAD_ARG();
658 
659 	if (json_output)
660 		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
661 	while (true) {
662 		err = bpf_prog_get_next_id(id, &id);
663 		if (err) {
664 			if (errno == ENOENT) {
665 				err = 0;
666 				break;
667 			}
668 			p_err("can't get next program: %s%s", strerror(errno),
669 			      errno == EINVAL ? " -- kernel too old?" : "");
670 			err = -1;
671 			break;
672 		}
673 
674 		fd = bpf_prog_get_fd_by_id(id);
675 		if (fd < 0) {
676 			if (errno == ENOENT)
677 				continue;
678 			p_err("can't get prog by id (%u): %s",
679 			      id, strerror(errno));
680 			err = -1;
681 			break;
682 		}
683 
684 		err = show_prog(fd);
685 		close(fd);
686 		if (err)
687 			break;
688 	}
689 
690 	if (json_output)
691 		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
692 
693 	delete_obj_refs_table(refs_table);
694 
695 	if (show_pinned)
696 		delete_pinned_obj_table(prog_table);
697 
698 	return err;
699 }
700 
701 static int
702 prog_dump(struct bpf_prog_info *info, enum dump_mode mode,
703 	  char *filepath, bool opcodes, bool visual, bool linum)
704 {
705 	struct bpf_prog_linfo *prog_linfo = NULL;
706 	const char *disasm_opt = NULL;
707 	struct dump_data dd = {};
708 	void *func_info = NULL;
709 	struct btf *btf = NULL;
710 	char func_sig[1024];
711 	unsigned char *buf;
712 	__u32 member_len;
713 	int fd, err = -1;
714 	ssize_t n;
715 
716 	if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
717 		if (info->jited_prog_len == 0 || !info->jited_prog_insns) {
718 			p_err("error retrieving jit dump: no instructions returned or kernel.kptr_restrict set?");
719 			return -1;
720 		}
721 		buf = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_prog_insns);
722 		member_len = info->jited_prog_len;
723 	} else {	/* DUMP_XLATED */
724 		if (info->xlated_prog_len == 0 || !info->xlated_prog_insns) {
725 			p_err("error retrieving insn dump: kernel.kptr_restrict set?");
726 			return -1;
727 		}
728 		buf = u64_to_ptr(info->xlated_prog_insns);
729 		member_len = info->xlated_prog_len;
730 	}
731 
732 	if (info->btf_id) {
733 		btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(info->btf_id);
734 		if (!btf) {
735 			p_err("failed to get btf");
736 			return -1;
737 		}
738 	}
739 
740 	func_info = u64_to_ptr(info->func_info);
741 
742 	if (info->nr_line_info) {
743 		prog_linfo = bpf_prog_linfo__new(info);
744 		if (!prog_linfo)
745 			p_info("error in processing bpf_line_info.  continue without it.");
746 	}
747 
748 	if (filepath) {
749 		fd = open(filepath, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0600);
750 		if (fd < 0) {
751 			p_err("can't open file %s: %s", filepath,
752 			      strerror(errno));
753 			goto exit_free;
754 		}
755 
756 		n = write(fd, buf, member_len);
757 		close(fd);
758 		if (n != (ssize_t)member_len) {
759 			p_err("error writing output file: %s",
760 			      n < 0 ? strerror(errno) : "short write");
761 			goto exit_free;
762 		}
763 
764 		if (json_output)
765 			jsonw_null(json_wtr);
766 	} else if (mode == DUMP_JITED) {
767 		const char *name = NULL;
768 
769 		if (info->ifindex) {
770 			name = ifindex_to_arch(info->ifindex, info->netns_dev,
771 					       info->netns_ino, &disasm_opt);
772 			if (!name)
773 				goto exit_free;
774 		}
775 
776 		if (info->nr_jited_func_lens && info->jited_func_lens) {
777 			struct kernel_sym *sym = NULL;
778 			struct bpf_func_info *record;
779 			char sym_name[SYM_MAX_NAME];
780 			unsigned char *img = buf;
781 			__u64 *ksyms = NULL;
782 			__u32 *lens;
783 			__u32 i;
784 			if (info->nr_jited_ksyms) {
785 				kernel_syms_load(&dd);
786 				ksyms = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_ksyms);
787 			}
788 
789 			if (json_output)
790 				jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
791 
792 			lens = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_func_lens);
793 			for (i = 0; i < info->nr_jited_func_lens; i++) {
794 				if (ksyms) {
795 					sym = kernel_syms_search(&dd, ksyms[i]);
796 					if (sym)
797 						sprintf(sym_name, "%s", sym->name);
798 					else
799 						sprintf(sym_name, "0x%016llx", ksyms[i]);
800 				} else {
801 					strcpy(sym_name, "unknown");
802 				}
803 
804 				if (func_info) {
805 					record = func_info + i * info->func_info_rec_size;
806 					btf_dumper_type_only(btf, record->type_id,
807 							     func_sig,
808 							     sizeof(func_sig));
809 				}
810 
811 				if (json_output) {
812 					jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
813 					if (func_info && func_sig[0] != '\0') {
814 						jsonw_name(json_wtr, "proto");
815 						jsonw_string(json_wtr, func_sig);
816 					}
817 					jsonw_name(json_wtr, "name");
818 					jsonw_string(json_wtr, sym_name);
819 					jsonw_name(json_wtr, "insns");
820 				} else {
821 					if (func_info && func_sig[0] != '\0')
822 						printf("%s:\n", func_sig);
823 					printf("%s:\n", sym_name);
824 				}
825 
826 				if (ksyms) {
827 					if (disasm_print_insn(img, lens[i], opcodes,
828 							      name, disasm_opt, btf,
829 							      prog_linfo, ksyms[i], i,
830 							      linum))
831 						goto exit_free;
832 				} else {
833 					if (disasm_print_insn(img, lens[i], opcodes,
834 							      name, disasm_opt, btf,
835 							      NULL, 0, 0, false))
836 						goto exit_free;
837 				}
838 
839 				img += lens[i];
840 
841 				if (json_output)
842 					jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
843 				else
844 					printf("\n");
845 			}
846 
847 			if (json_output)
848 				jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
849 		} else {
850 			if (disasm_print_insn(buf, member_len, opcodes, name,
851 					      disasm_opt, btf, NULL, 0, 0,
852 					      false))
853 				goto exit_free;
854 		}
855 	} else {
856 		kernel_syms_load(&dd);
857 		dd.nr_jited_ksyms = info->nr_jited_ksyms;
858 		dd.jited_ksyms = u64_to_ptr(info->jited_ksyms);
859 		dd.btf = btf;
860 		dd.func_info = func_info;
861 		dd.finfo_rec_size = info->func_info_rec_size;
862 		dd.prog_linfo = prog_linfo;
863 
864 		if (json_output)
865 			dump_xlated_json(&dd, buf, member_len, opcodes, linum);
866 		else if (visual)
867 			dump_xlated_cfg(&dd, buf, member_len, opcodes, linum);
868 		else
869 			dump_xlated_plain(&dd, buf, member_len, opcodes, linum);
870 		kernel_syms_destroy(&dd);
871 	}
872 
873 	err = 0;
874 
875 exit_free:
876 	btf__free(btf);
877 	bpf_prog_linfo__free(prog_linfo);
878 	return err;
879 }
880 
881 static int do_dump(int argc, char **argv)
882 {
883 	struct bpf_prog_info info;
884 	__u32 info_len = sizeof(info);
885 	size_t info_data_sz = 0;
886 	void *info_data = NULL;
887 	char *filepath = NULL;
888 	bool opcodes = false;
889 	bool visual = false;
890 	enum dump_mode mode;
891 	bool linum = false;
892 	int nb_fds, i = 0;
893 	int *fds = NULL;
894 	int err = -1;
895 
896 	if (is_prefix(*argv, "jited")) {
897 		if (disasm_init())
898 			return -1;
899 		mode = DUMP_JITED;
900 	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "xlated")) {
901 		mode = DUMP_XLATED;
902 	} else {
903 		p_err("expected 'xlated' or 'jited', got: %s", *argv);
904 		return -1;
905 	}
906 	NEXT_ARG();
907 
908 	if (argc < 2)
909 		usage();
910 
911 	fds = malloc(sizeof(int));
912 	if (!fds) {
913 		p_err("mem alloc failed");
914 		return -1;
915 	}
916 	nb_fds = prog_parse_fds(&argc, &argv, &fds);
917 	if (nb_fds < 1)
918 		goto exit_free;
919 
920 	while (argc) {
921 		if (is_prefix(*argv, "file")) {
922 			NEXT_ARG();
923 			if (!argc) {
924 				p_err("expected file path");
925 				goto exit_close;
926 			}
927 			if (nb_fds > 1) {
928 				p_err("several programs matched");
929 				goto exit_close;
930 			}
931 
932 			filepath = *argv;
933 			NEXT_ARG();
934 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "opcodes")) {
935 			opcodes = true;
936 			NEXT_ARG();
937 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "visual")) {
938 			if (nb_fds > 1) {
939 				p_err("several programs matched");
940 				goto exit_close;
941 			}
942 
943 			visual = true;
944 			NEXT_ARG();
945 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "linum")) {
946 			linum = true;
947 			NEXT_ARG();
948 		} else {
949 			usage();
950 			goto exit_close;
951 		}
952 	}
953 
954 	if (filepath && (opcodes || visual || linum)) {
955 		p_err("'file' is not compatible with 'opcodes', 'visual', or 'linum'");
956 		goto exit_close;
957 	}
958 	if (json_output && visual) {
959 		p_err("'visual' is not compatible with JSON output");
960 		goto exit_close;
961 	}
962 
963 	if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
964 		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */
965 	for (i = 0; i < nb_fds; i++) {
966 		memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
967 
968 		err = bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd(fds[i], &info, &info_len);
969 		if (err) {
970 			p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
971 			break;
972 		}
973 
974 		err = prep_prog_info(&info, mode, &info_data, &info_data_sz);
975 		if (err) {
976 			p_err("can't grow prog info_data");
977 			break;
978 		}
979 
980 		err = bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd(fds[i], &info, &info_len);
981 		if (err) {
982 			p_err("can't get prog info: %s", strerror(errno));
983 			break;
984 		}
985 
986 		if (json_output && nb_fds > 1) {
987 			jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);	/* prog object */
988 			print_prog_header_json(&info, fds[i]);
989 			jsonw_name(json_wtr, "insns");
990 		} else if (nb_fds > 1) {
991 			print_prog_header_plain(&info, fds[i]);
992 		}
993 
994 		err = prog_dump(&info, mode, filepath, opcodes, visual, linum);
995 
996 		if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
997 			jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);	/* prog object */
998 		else if (i != nb_fds - 1 && nb_fds > 1)
999 			printf("\n");
1000 
1001 		if (err)
1002 			break;
1003 		close(fds[i]);
1004 	}
1005 	if (json_output && nb_fds > 1)
1006 		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */
1007 
1008 exit_close:
1009 	for (; i < nb_fds; i++)
1010 		close(fds[i]);
1011 exit_free:
1012 	free(info_data);
1013 	free(fds);
1014 	return err;
1015 }
1016 
1017 static int do_pin(int argc, char **argv)
1018 {
1019 	int err;
1020 
1021 	err = do_pin_any(argc, argv, prog_parse_fd);
1022 	if (!err && json_output)
1023 		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
1024 	return err;
1025 }
1026 
1027 struct map_replace {
1028 	int idx;
1029 	int fd;
1030 	char *name;
1031 };
1032 
1033 static int map_replace_compar(const void *p1, const void *p2)
1034 {
1035 	const struct map_replace *a = p1, *b = p2;
1036 
1037 	return a->idx - b->idx;
1038 }
1039 
1040 static int parse_attach_detach_args(int argc, char **argv, int *progfd,
1041 				    enum bpf_attach_type *attach_type,
1042 				    int *mapfd)
1043 {
1044 	if (!REQ_ARGS(3))
1045 		return -EINVAL;
1046 
1047 	*progfd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
1048 	if (*progfd < 0)
1049 		return *progfd;
1050 
1051 	*attach_type = parse_attach_type(*argv);
1052 	if (*attach_type == __MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE) {
1053 		p_err("invalid attach/detach type");
1054 		return -EINVAL;
1055 	}
1056 
1057 	if (*attach_type == BPF_FLOW_DISSECTOR) {
1058 		*mapfd = 0;
1059 		return 0;
1060 	}
1061 
1062 	NEXT_ARG();
1063 	if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
1064 		return -EINVAL;
1065 
1066 	*mapfd = map_parse_fd(&argc, &argv, 0);
1067 	if (*mapfd < 0)
1068 		return *mapfd;
1069 
1070 	return 0;
1071 }
1072 
1073 static int do_attach(int argc, char **argv)
1074 {
1075 	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
1076 	int err, progfd;
1077 	int mapfd;
1078 
1079 	err = parse_attach_detach_args(argc, argv,
1080 				       &progfd, &attach_type, &mapfd);
1081 	if (err)
1082 		return err;
1083 
1084 	err = bpf_prog_attach(progfd, mapfd, attach_type, 0);
1085 	if (err) {
1086 		p_err("failed prog attach to map");
1087 		return -EINVAL;
1088 	}
1089 
1090 	if (json_output)
1091 		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
1092 	return 0;
1093 }
1094 
1095 static int do_detach(int argc, char **argv)
1096 {
1097 	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
1098 	int err, progfd;
1099 	int mapfd;
1100 
1101 	err = parse_attach_detach_args(argc, argv,
1102 				       &progfd, &attach_type, &mapfd);
1103 	if (err)
1104 		return err;
1105 
1106 	err = bpf_prog_detach2(progfd, mapfd, attach_type);
1107 	if (err) {
1108 		p_err("failed prog detach from map");
1109 		return -EINVAL;
1110 	}
1111 
1112 	if (json_output)
1113 		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
1114 	return 0;
1115 }
1116 
1117 enum prog_tracelog_mode {
1118 	TRACE_STDOUT,
1119 	TRACE_STDERR,
1120 };
1121 
1122 static int
1123 prog_tracelog_stream(int prog_fd, enum prog_tracelog_mode mode)
1124 {
1125 	FILE *file = mode == TRACE_STDOUT ? stdout : stderr;
1126 	int stream_id = mode == TRACE_STDOUT ? 1 : 2;
1127 	char buf[512];
1128 	int ret;
1129 
1130 	ret = 0;
1131 	do {
1132 		ret = bpf_prog_stream_read(prog_fd, stream_id, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL);
1133 		if (ret > 0)
1134 			fwrite(buf, sizeof(buf[0]), ret, file);
1135 	} while (ret > 0);
1136 
1137 	fflush(file);
1138 	return ret ? -1 : 0;
1139 }
1140 
1141 static int do_tracelog_any(int argc, char **argv)
1142 {
1143 	enum prog_tracelog_mode mode;
1144 	int fd;
1145 
1146 	if (argc == 0)
1147 		return do_tracelog(argc, argv);
1148 	if (!is_prefix(*argv, "stdout") && !is_prefix(*argv, "stderr"))
1149 		usage();
1150 	mode = is_prefix(*argv, "stdout") ? TRACE_STDOUT : TRACE_STDERR;
1151 	NEXT_ARG();
1152 
1153 	if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
1154 		return -1;
1155 
1156 	fd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
1157 	if (fd < 0)
1158 		return -1;
1159 
1160 	return prog_tracelog_stream(fd, mode);
1161 }
1162 
1163 static int check_single_stdin(char *file_data_in, char *file_ctx_in)
1164 {
1165 	if (file_data_in && file_ctx_in &&
1166 	    !strcmp(file_data_in, "-") && !strcmp(file_ctx_in, "-")) {
1167 		p_err("cannot use standard input for both data_in and ctx_in");
1168 		return -1;
1169 	}
1170 
1171 	return 0;
1172 }
1173 
1174 static int get_run_data(const char *fname, void **data_ptr, unsigned int *size)
1175 {
1176 	size_t block_size = 256;
1177 	size_t buf_size = block_size;
1178 	size_t nb_read = 0;
1179 	void *tmp;
1180 	FILE *f;
1181 
1182 	if (!fname) {
1183 		*data_ptr = NULL;
1184 		*size = 0;
1185 		return 0;
1186 	}
1187 
1188 	if (!strcmp(fname, "-"))
1189 		f = stdin;
1190 	else
1191 		f = fopen(fname, "r");
1192 	if (!f) {
1193 		p_err("failed to open %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1194 		return -1;
1195 	}
1196 
1197 	*data_ptr = malloc(block_size);
1198 	if (!*data_ptr) {
1199 		p_err("failed to allocate memory for data_in/ctx_in: %s",
1200 		      strerror(errno));
1201 		goto err_fclose;
1202 	}
1203 
1204 	while ((nb_read += fread(*data_ptr + nb_read, 1, block_size, f))) {
1205 		if (feof(f))
1206 			break;
1207 		if (ferror(f)) {
1208 			p_err("failed to read data_in/ctx_in from %s: %s",
1209 			      fname, strerror(errno));
1210 			goto err_free;
1211 		}
1212 		if (nb_read > buf_size - block_size) {
1213 			if (buf_size == UINT32_MAX) {
1214 				p_err("data_in/ctx_in is too long (max: %u)",
1215 				      UINT32_MAX);
1216 				goto err_free;
1217 			}
1218 			/* No space for fread()-ing next chunk; realloc() */
1219 			buf_size *= 2;
1220 			tmp = realloc(*data_ptr, buf_size);
1221 			if (!tmp) {
1222 				p_err("failed to reallocate data_in/ctx_in: %s",
1223 				      strerror(errno));
1224 				goto err_free;
1225 			}
1226 			*data_ptr = tmp;
1227 		}
1228 	}
1229 	if (f != stdin)
1230 		fclose(f);
1231 
1232 	*size = nb_read;
1233 	return 0;
1234 
1235 err_free:
1236 	free(*data_ptr);
1237 	*data_ptr = NULL;
1238 err_fclose:
1239 	if (f != stdin)
1240 		fclose(f);
1241 	return -1;
1242 }
1243 
1244 static void hex_print(void *data, unsigned int size, FILE *f)
1245 {
1246 	size_t i, j;
1247 	char c;
1248 
1249 	for (i = 0; i < size; i += 16) {
1250 		/* Row offset */
1251 		fprintf(f, "%07zx\t", i);
1252 
1253 		/* Hexadecimal values */
1254 		for (j = i; j < i + 16 && j < size; j++)
1255 			fprintf(f, "%02x%s", *(uint8_t *)(data + j),
1256 				j % 2 ? " " : "");
1257 		for (; j < i + 16; j++)
1258 			fprintf(f, "  %s", j % 2 ? " " : "");
1259 
1260 		/* ASCII values (if relevant), '.' otherwise */
1261 		fprintf(f, "| ");
1262 		for (j = i; j < i + 16 && j < size; j++) {
1263 			c = *(char *)(data + j);
1264 			if (c < ' ' || c > '~')
1265 				c = '.';
1266 			fprintf(f, "%c%s", c, j == i + 7 ? " " : "");
1267 		}
1268 
1269 		fprintf(f, "\n");
1270 	}
1271 }
1272 
1273 static int
1274 print_run_output(void *data, unsigned int size, const char *fname,
1275 		 const char *json_key)
1276 {
1277 	size_t nb_written;
1278 	FILE *f;
1279 
1280 	if (!fname)
1281 		return 0;
1282 
1283 	if (!strcmp(fname, "-")) {
1284 		f = stdout;
1285 		if (json_output) {
1286 			jsonw_name(json_wtr, json_key);
1287 			print_data_json(data, size);
1288 		} else {
1289 			hex_print(data, size, f);
1290 		}
1291 		return 0;
1292 	}
1293 
1294 	f = fopen(fname, "w");
1295 	if (!f) {
1296 		p_err("failed to open %s: %s", fname, strerror(errno));
1297 		return -1;
1298 	}
1299 
1300 	nb_written = fwrite(data, 1, size, f);
1301 	fclose(f);
1302 	if (nb_written != size) {
1303 		p_err("failed to write output data/ctx: %s", strerror(errno));
1304 		return -1;
1305 	}
1306 
1307 	return 0;
1308 }
1309 
1310 static int alloc_run_data(void **data_ptr, unsigned int size_out)
1311 {
1312 	*data_ptr = calloc(size_out, 1);
1313 	if (!*data_ptr) {
1314 		p_err("failed to allocate memory for output data/ctx: %s",
1315 		      strerror(errno));
1316 		return -1;
1317 	}
1318 
1319 	return 0;
1320 }
1321 
1322 static int do_run(int argc, char **argv)
1323 {
1324 	char *data_fname_in = NULL, *data_fname_out = NULL;
1325 	char *ctx_fname_in = NULL, *ctx_fname_out = NULL;
1326 	const unsigned int default_size = SZ_32K;
1327 	void *data_in = NULL, *data_out = NULL;
1328 	void *ctx_in = NULL, *ctx_out = NULL;
1329 	unsigned int repeat = 1;
1330 	int fd, err;
1331 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_test_run_opts, test_attr);
1332 
1333 	if (!REQ_ARGS(4))
1334 		return -1;
1335 
1336 	fd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
1337 	if (fd < 0)
1338 		return -1;
1339 
1340 	while (argc) {
1341 		if (detect_common_prefix(*argv, "data_in", "data_out",
1342 					 "data_size_out", NULL))
1343 			return -1;
1344 		if (detect_common_prefix(*argv, "ctx_in", "ctx_out",
1345 					 "ctx_size_out", NULL))
1346 			return -1;
1347 
1348 		if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_in")) {
1349 			NEXT_ARG();
1350 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1351 				return -1;
1352 
1353 			data_fname_in = GET_ARG();
1354 			if (check_single_stdin(data_fname_in, ctx_fname_in))
1355 				return -1;
1356 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_out")) {
1357 			NEXT_ARG();
1358 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1359 				return -1;
1360 
1361 			data_fname_out = GET_ARG();
1362 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "data_size_out")) {
1363 			char *endptr;
1364 
1365 			NEXT_ARG();
1366 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1367 				return -1;
1368 
1369 			test_attr.data_size_out = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1370 			if (*endptr) {
1371 				p_err("can't parse %s as output data size",
1372 				      *argv);
1373 				return -1;
1374 			}
1375 			NEXT_ARG();
1376 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_in")) {
1377 			NEXT_ARG();
1378 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1379 				return -1;
1380 
1381 			ctx_fname_in = GET_ARG();
1382 			if (check_single_stdin(data_fname_in, ctx_fname_in))
1383 				return -1;
1384 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_out")) {
1385 			NEXT_ARG();
1386 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1387 				return -1;
1388 
1389 			ctx_fname_out = GET_ARG();
1390 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "ctx_size_out")) {
1391 			char *endptr;
1392 
1393 			NEXT_ARG();
1394 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1395 				return -1;
1396 
1397 			test_attr.ctx_size_out = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1398 			if (*endptr) {
1399 				p_err("can't parse %s as output context size",
1400 				      *argv);
1401 				return -1;
1402 			}
1403 			NEXT_ARG();
1404 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "repeat")) {
1405 			char *endptr;
1406 
1407 			NEXT_ARG();
1408 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1409 				return -1;
1410 
1411 			repeat = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1412 			if (*endptr) {
1413 				p_err("can't parse %s as repeat number",
1414 				      *argv);
1415 				return -1;
1416 			}
1417 			NEXT_ARG();
1418 		} else {
1419 			p_err("expected no more arguments, 'data_in', 'data_out', 'data_size_out', 'ctx_in', 'ctx_out', 'ctx_size_out' or 'repeat', got: '%s'?",
1420 			      *argv);
1421 			return -1;
1422 		}
1423 	}
1424 
1425 	err = get_run_data(data_fname_in, &data_in, &test_attr.data_size_in);
1426 	if (err)
1427 		return -1;
1428 
1429 	if (data_in) {
1430 		if (!test_attr.data_size_out)
1431 			test_attr.data_size_out = default_size;
1432 		err = alloc_run_data(&data_out, test_attr.data_size_out);
1433 		if (err)
1434 			goto free_data_in;
1435 	}
1436 
1437 	err = get_run_data(ctx_fname_in, &ctx_in, &test_attr.ctx_size_in);
1438 	if (err)
1439 		goto free_data_out;
1440 
1441 	if (ctx_in) {
1442 		if (!test_attr.ctx_size_out)
1443 			test_attr.ctx_size_out = default_size;
1444 		err = alloc_run_data(&ctx_out, test_attr.ctx_size_out);
1445 		if (err)
1446 			goto free_ctx_in;
1447 	}
1448 
1449 	test_attr.repeat	= repeat;
1450 	test_attr.data_in	= data_in;
1451 	test_attr.data_out	= data_out;
1452 	test_attr.ctx_in	= ctx_in;
1453 	test_attr.ctx_out	= ctx_out;
1454 
1455 	err = bpf_prog_test_run_opts(fd, &test_attr);
1456 	if (err) {
1457 		p_err("failed to run program: %s", strerror(errno));
1458 		goto free_ctx_out;
1459 	}
1460 
1461 	err = 0;
1462 
1463 	if (json_output)
1464 		jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);	/* root */
1465 
1466 	/* Do not exit on errors occurring when printing output data/context,
1467 	 * we still want to print return value and duration for program run.
1468 	 */
1469 	if (test_attr.data_size_out)
1470 		err += print_run_output(test_attr.data_out,
1471 					test_attr.data_size_out,
1472 					data_fname_out, "data_out");
1473 	if (test_attr.ctx_size_out)
1474 		err += print_run_output(test_attr.ctx_out,
1475 					test_attr.ctx_size_out,
1476 					ctx_fname_out, "ctx_out");
1477 
1478 	if (json_output) {
1479 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "retval", test_attr.retval);
1480 		jsonw_uint_field(json_wtr, "duration", test_attr.duration);
1481 		jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);	/* root */
1482 	} else {
1483 		fprintf(stdout, "Return value: %u, duration%s: %uns\n",
1484 			test_attr.retval,
1485 			repeat > 1 ? " (average)" : "", test_attr.duration);
1486 	}
1487 
1488 free_ctx_out:
1489 	free(ctx_out);
1490 free_ctx_in:
1491 	free(ctx_in);
1492 free_data_out:
1493 	free(data_out);
1494 free_data_in:
1495 	free(data_in);
1496 
1497 	return err;
1498 }
1499 
1500 static int
1501 get_prog_type_by_name(const char *name, enum bpf_prog_type *prog_type,
1502 		      enum bpf_attach_type *expected_attach_type)
1503 {
1504 	libbpf_print_fn_t print_backup;
1505 	int ret;
1506 
1507 	ret = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(name, prog_type, expected_attach_type);
1508 	if (!ret)
1509 		return ret;
1510 
1511 	/* libbpf_prog_type_by_name() failed, let's re-run with debug level */
1512 	print_backup = libbpf_set_print(print_all_levels);
1513 	ret = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(name, prog_type, expected_attach_type);
1514 	libbpf_set_print(print_backup);
1515 
1516 	return ret;
1517 }
1518 
1519 static int
1520 auto_attach_program(struct bpf_program *prog, const char *path)
1521 {
1522 	struct bpf_link *link;
1523 	int err;
1524 
1525 	link = bpf_program__attach(prog);
1526 	if (!link) {
1527 		p_info("Program %s does not support autoattach, falling back to pinning",
1528 		       bpf_program__name(prog));
1529 		return bpf_obj_pin(bpf_program__fd(prog), path);
1530 	}
1531 
1532 	err = bpf_link__pin(link, path);
1533 	bpf_link__destroy(link);
1534 	return err;
1535 }
1536 
1537 static int
1538 auto_attach_programs(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *path)
1539 {
1540 	struct bpf_program *prog;
1541 	char buf[PATH_MAX];
1542 	int err;
1543 
1544 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
1545 		err = pathname_concat(buf, sizeof(buf), path, bpf_program__name(prog));
1546 		if (err)
1547 			goto err_unpin_programs;
1548 
1549 		err = auto_attach_program(prog, buf);
1550 		if (err)
1551 			goto err_unpin_programs;
1552 	}
1553 
1554 	return 0;
1555 
1556 err_unpin_programs:
1557 	while ((prog = bpf_object__prev_program(obj, prog))) {
1558 		if (pathname_concat(buf, sizeof(buf), path, bpf_program__name(prog)))
1559 			continue;
1560 
1561 		bpf_program__unpin(prog, buf);
1562 	}
1563 
1564 	return err;
1565 }
1566 
1567 static int load_with_options(int argc, char **argv, bool first_prog_only)
1568 {
1569 	enum bpf_prog_type common_prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC;
1570 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, open_opts,
1571 		.relaxed_maps = relaxed_maps,
1572 	);
1573 	enum bpf_attach_type expected_attach_type;
1574 	struct map_replace *map_replace = NULL;
1575 	struct bpf_program *prog = NULL, *pos;
1576 	unsigned int old_map_fds = 0;
1577 	const char *pinmaps = NULL;
1578 	__u32 xdpmeta_ifindex = 0;
1579 	__u32 offload_ifindex = 0;
1580 	bool auto_attach = false;
1581 	struct bpf_object *obj;
1582 	struct bpf_map *map;
1583 	const char *pinfile;
1584 	unsigned int i, j;
1585 	const char *file;
1586 	int idx, err;
1587 
1588 
1589 	if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
1590 		return -1;
1591 	file = GET_ARG();
1592 	pinfile = GET_ARG();
1593 
1594 	while (argc) {
1595 		if (is_prefix(*argv, "type")) {
1596 			NEXT_ARG();
1597 
1598 			if (common_prog_type != BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
1599 				p_err("program type already specified");
1600 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1601 			}
1602 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1603 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1604 
1605 			err = libbpf_prog_type_by_name(*argv, &common_prog_type,
1606 						       &expected_attach_type);
1607 			if (err < 0) {
1608 				/* Put a '/' at the end of type to appease libbpf */
1609 				char *type = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2);
1610 
1611 				if (!type) {
1612 					p_err("mem alloc failed");
1613 					goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1614 				}
1615 				*type = 0;
1616 				strcat(type, *argv);
1617 				strcat(type, "/");
1618 
1619 				err = get_prog_type_by_name(type, &common_prog_type,
1620 							    &expected_attach_type);
1621 				free(type);
1622 				if (err < 0)
1623 					goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1624 			}
1625 
1626 			NEXT_ARG();
1627 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "map")) {
1628 			void *new_map_replace;
1629 			char *endptr, *name;
1630 			int fd;
1631 
1632 			NEXT_ARG();
1633 
1634 			if (!REQ_ARGS(4))
1635 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1636 
1637 			if (is_prefix(*argv, "idx")) {
1638 				NEXT_ARG();
1639 
1640 				idx = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
1641 				if (*endptr) {
1642 					p_err("can't parse %s as IDX", *argv);
1643 					goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1644 				}
1645 				name = NULL;
1646 			} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "name")) {
1647 				NEXT_ARG();
1648 
1649 				name = *argv;
1650 				idx = -1;
1651 			} else {
1652 				p_err("expected 'idx' or 'name', got: '%s'?",
1653 				      *argv);
1654 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1655 			}
1656 			NEXT_ARG();
1657 
1658 			fd = map_parse_fd(&argc, &argv, 0);
1659 			if (fd < 0)
1660 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1661 
1662 			new_map_replace = libbpf_reallocarray(map_replace,
1663 							      old_map_fds + 1,
1664 							      sizeof(*map_replace));
1665 			if (!new_map_replace) {
1666 				p_err("mem alloc failed");
1667 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1668 			}
1669 			map_replace = new_map_replace;
1670 
1671 			map_replace[old_map_fds].idx = idx;
1672 			map_replace[old_map_fds].name = name;
1673 			map_replace[old_map_fds].fd = fd;
1674 			old_map_fds++;
1675 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "dev")) {
1676 			p_info("Warning: 'bpftool prog load [...] dev <ifname>' syntax is deprecated.\n"
1677 			       "Going further, please use 'offload_dev <ifname>' to offload program to device.\n"
1678 			       "For applications using XDP hints only, use 'xdpmeta_dev <ifname>'.");
1679 			goto offload_dev;
1680 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "offload_dev")) {
1681 offload_dev:
1682 			NEXT_ARG();
1683 
1684 			if (offload_ifindex) {
1685 				p_err("offload_dev already specified");
1686 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1687 			} else if (xdpmeta_ifindex) {
1688 				p_err("xdpmeta_dev and offload_dev are mutually exclusive");
1689 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1690 			}
1691 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1692 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1693 
1694 			offload_ifindex = if_nametoindex(*argv);
1695 			if (!offload_ifindex) {
1696 				p_err("unrecognized netdevice '%s': %s",
1697 				      *argv, strerror(errno));
1698 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1699 			}
1700 			NEXT_ARG();
1701 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "xdpmeta_dev")) {
1702 			NEXT_ARG();
1703 
1704 			if (xdpmeta_ifindex) {
1705 				p_err("xdpmeta_dev already specified");
1706 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1707 			} else if (offload_ifindex) {
1708 				p_err("xdpmeta_dev and offload_dev are mutually exclusive");
1709 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1710 			}
1711 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1712 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1713 
1714 			xdpmeta_ifindex = if_nametoindex(*argv);
1715 			if (!xdpmeta_ifindex) {
1716 				p_err("unrecognized netdevice '%s': %s",
1717 				      *argv, strerror(errno));
1718 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1719 			}
1720 			NEXT_ARG();
1721 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "pinmaps")) {
1722 			NEXT_ARG();
1723 
1724 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1725 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1726 
1727 			pinmaps = GET_ARG();
1728 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "autoattach")) {
1729 			auto_attach = true;
1730 			NEXT_ARG();
1731 		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "kernel_btf")) {
1732 			NEXT_ARG();
1733 
1734 			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
1735 				goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1736 
1737 			open_opts.btf_custom_path = GET_ARG();
1738 		} else {
1739 			p_err("expected no more arguments, "
1740 			      "'type', 'map', 'offload_dev', 'xdpmeta_dev', 'pinmaps', "
1741 			      "'autoattach', or 'kernel_btf', got: '%s'?",
1742 			      *argv);
1743 			goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1744 		}
1745 	}
1746 
1747 	set_max_rlimit();
1748 
1749 	if (verifier_logs)
1750 		/* log_level1 + log_level2 + stats, but not stable UAPI */
1751 		open_opts.kernel_log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;
1752 
1753 	obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, &open_opts);
1754 	if (!obj) {
1755 		p_err("failed to open object file");
1756 		goto err_free_reuse_maps;
1757 	}
1758 
1759 	bpf_object__for_each_program(pos, obj) {
1760 		enum bpf_prog_type prog_type = common_prog_type;
1761 
1762 		if (prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC) {
1763 			const char *sec_name = bpf_program__section_name(pos);
1764 
1765 			err = get_prog_type_by_name(sec_name, &prog_type,
1766 						    &expected_attach_type);
1767 			if (err < 0)
1768 				goto err_close_obj;
1769 		}
1770 
1771 		if (prog_type == BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP && xdpmeta_ifindex) {
1772 			bpf_program__set_flags(pos, BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY);
1773 			bpf_program__set_ifindex(pos, xdpmeta_ifindex);
1774 		} else {
1775 			bpf_program__set_ifindex(pos, offload_ifindex);
1776 		}
1777 		if (bpf_program__type(pos) != prog_type)
1778 			bpf_program__set_type(pos, prog_type);
1779 		bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(pos, expected_attach_type);
1780 	}
1781 
1782 	qsort(map_replace, old_map_fds, sizeof(*map_replace),
1783 	      map_replace_compar);
1784 
1785 	/* After the sort maps by name will be first on the list, because they
1786 	 * have idx == -1.  Resolve them.
1787 	 */
1788 	j = 0;
1789 	while (j < old_map_fds && map_replace[j].name) {
1790 		i = 0;
1791 		bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
1792 			if (!strcmp(bpf_map__name(map), map_replace[j].name)) {
1793 				map_replace[j].idx = i;
1794 				break;
1795 			}
1796 			i++;
1797 		}
1798 		if (map_replace[j].idx == -1) {
1799 			p_err("unable to find map '%s'", map_replace[j].name);
1800 			goto err_close_obj;
1801 		}
1802 		j++;
1803 	}
1804 	/* Resort if any names were resolved */
1805 	if (j)
1806 		qsort(map_replace, old_map_fds, sizeof(*map_replace),
1807 		      map_replace_compar);
1808 
1809 	/* Set ifindex and name reuse */
1810 	j = 0;
1811 	idx = 0;
1812 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
1813 		if (bpf_map__type(map) != BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY)
1814 			bpf_map__set_ifindex(map, offload_ifindex);
1815 
1816 		if (j < old_map_fds && idx == map_replace[j].idx) {
1817 			err = bpf_map__reuse_fd(map, map_replace[j++].fd);
1818 			if (err) {
1819 				p_err("unable to set up map reuse: %d", err);
1820 				goto err_close_obj;
1821 			}
1822 
1823 			/* Next reuse wants to apply to the same map */
1824 			if (j < old_map_fds && map_replace[j].idx == idx) {
1825 				p_err("replacement for map idx %d specified more than once",
1826 				      idx);
1827 				goto err_close_obj;
1828 			}
1829 		}
1830 
1831 		idx++;
1832 	}
1833 	if (j < old_map_fds) {
1834 		p_err("map idx '%d' not used", map_replace[j].idx);
1835 		goto err_close_obj;
1836 	}
1837 
1838 	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
1839 	if (err) {
1840 		p_err("failed to load object file");
1841 		goto err_close_obj;
1842 	}
1843 
1844 	if (first_prog_only)
1845 		err = mount_bpffs_for_file(pinfile);
1846 	else
1847 		err = create_and_mount_bpffs_dir(pinfile);
1848 	if (err)
1849 		goto err_close_obj;
1850 
1851 	if (first_prog_only) {
1852 		prog = bpf_object__next_program(obj, NULL);
1853 		if (!prog) {
1854 			p_err("object file doesn't contain any bpf program");
1855 			goto err_close_obj;
1856 		}
1857 
1858 		if (auto_attach)
1859 			err = auto_attach_program(prog, pinfile);
1860 		else
1861 			err = bpf_obj_pin(bpf_program__fd(prog), pinfile);
1862 		if (err) {
1863 			p_err("failed to pin program %s",
1864 			      bpf_program__section_name(prog));
1865 			goto err_close_obj;
1866 		}
1867 	} else {
1868 		if (auto_attach)
1869 			err = auto_attach_programs(obj, pinfile);
1870 		else
1871 			err = bpf_object__pin_programs(obj, pinfile);
1872 		if (err) {
1873 			p_err("failed to pin all programs");
1874 			goto err_close_obj;
1875 		}
1876 	}
1877 
1878 	if (pinmaps) {
1879 		err = create_and_mount_bpffs_dir(pinmaps);
1880 		if (err)
1881 			goto err_unpin;
1882 
1883 		err = bpf_object__pin_maps(obj, pinmaps);
1884 		if (err) {
1885 			p_err("failed to pin all maps");
1886 			goto err_unpin;
1887 		}
1888 	}
1889 
1890 	if (json_output)
1891 		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
1892 
1893 	bpf_object__close(obj);
1894 	for (i = 0; i < old_map_fds; i++)
1895 		close(map_replace[i].fd);
1896 	free(map_replace);
1897 
1898 	return 0;
1899 
1900 err_unpin:
1901 	if (first_prog_only)
1902 		unlink(pinfile);
1903 	else
1904 		bpf_object__unpin_programs(obj, pinfile);
1905 err_close_obj:
1906 	bpf_object__close(obj);
1907 err_free_reuse_maps:
1908 	for (i = 0; i < old_map_fds; i++)
1909 		close(map_replace[i].fd);
1910 	free(map_replace);
1911 	return -1;
1912 }
1913 
1914 static int count_open_fds(void)
1915 {
1916 	DIR *dp = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1917 	struct dirent *de;
1918 	int cnt = -3;
1919 
1920 	if (!dp)
1921 		return -1;
1922 
1923 	while ((de = readdir(dp)))
1924 		cnt++;
1925 
1926 	closedir(dp);
1927 	return cnt;
1928 }
1929 
1930 static int try_loader(struct gen_loader_opts *gen)
1931 {
1932 	struct bpf_load_and_run_opts opts = {};
1933 	struct bpf_loader_ctx *ctx;
1934 	char sig_buf[MAX_SIG_SIZE];
1935 	__u8 prog_sha[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
1936 	int ctx_sz = sizeof(*ctx) + 64 * max(sizeof(struct bpf_map_desc),
1937 					     sizeof(struct bpf_prog_desc));
1938 	int log_buf_sz = (1u << 24) - 1;
1939 	int err, fds_before, fd_delta;
1940 	char *log_buf = NULL;
1941 
1942 	ctx = alloca(ctx_sz);
1943 	memset(ctx, 0, ctx_sz);
1944 	ctx->sz = ctx_sz;
1945 	if (verifier_logs) {
1946 		ctx->log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;
1947 		ctx->log_size = log_buf_sz;
1948 		log_buf = malloc(log_buf_sz);
1949 		if (!log_buf)
1950 			return -ENOMEM;
1951 		ctx->log_buf = (long) log_buf;
1952 	}
1953 	opts.ctx = ctx;
1954 	opts.data = gen->data;
1955 	opts.data_sz = gen->data_sz;
1956 	opts.insns = gen->insns;
1957 	opts.insns_sz = gen->insns_sz;
1958 	fds_before = count_open_fds();
1959 
1960 	if (sign_progs) {
1961 		opts.excl_prog_hash = prog_sha;
1962 		opts.excl_prog_hash_sz = sizeof(prog_sha);
1963 		opts.signature = sig_buf;
1964 		opts.signature_sz = MAX_SIG_SIZE;
1965 		opts.keyring_id = KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING;
1966 
1967 		err = bpftool_prog_sign(&opts);
1968 		if (err < 0) {
1969 			p_err("failed to sign program");
1970 			goto out;
1971 		}
1972 
1973 		err = register_session_key(cert_path);
1974 		if (err < 0) {
1975 			p_err("failed to add session key");
1976 			goto out;
1977 		}
1978 	}
1979 	err = bpf_load_and_run(&opts);
1980 	fd_delta = count_open_fds() - fds_before;
1981 	if (err < 0 || verifier_logs) {
1982 		fprintf(stderr, "err %d\n%s\n%s", err, opts.errstr, log_buf);
1983 		if (fd_delta && err < 0)
1984 			fprintf(stderr, "loader prog leaked %d FDs\n",
1985 				fd_delta);
1986 	}
1987 out:
1988 	free(log_buf);
1989 	return err;
1990 }
1991 
1992 static int do_loader(int argc, char **argv)
1993 {
1994 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, open_opts);
1995 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(gen_loader_opts, gen);
1996 	struct bpf_object *obj;
1997 	const char *file;
1998 	int err = 0;
1999 
2000 	if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
2001 		return -1;
2002 	file = GET_ARG();
2003 
2004 	if (verifier_logs)
2005 		/* log_level1 + log_level2 + stats, but not stable UAPI */
2006 		open_opts.kernel_log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;
2007 
2008 	obj = bpf_object__open_file(file, &open_opts);
2009 	if (!obj) {
2010 		err = -1;
2011 		p_err("failed to open object file");
2012 		goto err_close_obj;
2013 	}
2014 
2015 	if (sign_progs)
2016 		gen.gen_hash = true;
2017 
2018 	err = bpf_object__gen_loader(obj, &gen);
2019 	if (err)
2020 		goto err_close_obj;
2021 
2022 	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
2023 	if (err) {
2024 		p_err("failed to load object file");
2025 		goto err_close_obj;
2026 	}
2027 
2028 	if (verifier_logs) {
2029 		struct dump_data dd = {};
2030 
2031 		kernel_syms_load(&dd);
2032 		dump_xlated_plain(&dd, (void *)gen.insns, gen.insns_sz, false, false);
2033 		kernel_syms_destroy(&dd);
2034 	}
2035 	err = try_loader(&gen);
2036 err_close_obj:
2037 	bpf_object__close(obj);
2038 	return err;
2039 }
2040 
2041 static int do_load(int argc, char **argv)
2042 {
2043 	if (use_loader)
2044 		return do_loader(argc, argv);
2045 	return load_with_options(argc, argv, true);
2046 }
2047 
2048 static int do_loadall(int argc, char **argv)
2049 {
2050 	return load_with_options(argc, argv, false);
2051 }
2052 
2053 #ifdef BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS
2054 
2055 static int do_profile(int argc, char **argv)
2056 {
2057 	p_err("bpftool prog profile command is not supported. Please build bpftool with clang >= 10.0.0");
2058 	return 0;
2059 }
2060 
2061 #else /* BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS */
2062 
2063 #include "profiler.skel.h"
2064 
2065 struct profile_metric {
2066 	const char *name;
2067 	struct bpf_perf_event_value val;
2068 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
2069 	bool selected;
2070 
2071 	/* calculate ratios like instructions per cycle */
2072 	const int ratio_metric; /* 0 for N/A, 1 for index 0 (cycles) */
2073 	const char *ratio_desc;
2074 	const float ratio_mul;
2075 } metrics[] = {
2076 	{
2077 		.name = "cycles",
2078 		.attr = {
2079 			.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
2080 			.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES,
2081 			.exclude_user = 1,
2082 		},
2083 	},
2084 	{
2085 		.name = "instructions",
2086 		.attr = {
2087 			.type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
2088 			.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS,
2089 			.exclude_user = 1,
2090 		},
2091 		.ratio_metric = 1,
2092 		.ratio_desc = "insns per cycle",
2093 		.ratio_mul = 1.0,
2094 	},
2095 	{
2096 		.name = "l1d_loads",
2097 		.attr = {
2098 			.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
2099 			.config =
2100 				PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D |
2101 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
2102 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS << 16),
2103 			.exclude_user = 1,
2104 		},
2105 	},
2106 	{
2107 		.name = "llc_misses",
2108 		.attr = {
2109 			.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
2110 			.config =
2111 				PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL |
2112 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
2113 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
2114 			.exclude_user = 1
2115 		},
2116 		.ratio_metric = 2,
2117 		.ratio_desc = "LLC misses per million insns",
2118 		.ratio_mul = 1e6,
2119 	},
2120 	{
2121 		.name = "itlb_misses",
2122 		.attr = {
2123 			.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
2124 			.config =
2125 				PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB |
2126 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
2127 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
2128 			.exclude_user = 1
2129 		},
2130 		.ratio_metric = 2,
2131 		.ratio_desc = "itlb misses per million insns",
2132 		.ratio_mul = 1e6,
2133 	},
2134 	{
2135 		.name = "dtlb_misses",
2136 		.attr = {
2137 			.type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
2138 			.config =
2139 				PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB |
2140 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ << 8) |
2141 				(PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS << 16),
2142 			.exclude_user = 1
2143 		},
2144 		.ratio_metric = 2,
2145 		.ratio_desc = "dtlb misses per million insns",
2146 		.ratio_mul = 1e6,
2147 	},
2148 };
2149 
2150 static __u64 profile_total_count;
2151 
2152 #define MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS 4
2153 
2154 static int profile_parse_metrics(int argc, char **argv)
2155 {
2156 	unsigned int metric_cnt;
2157 	int selected_cnt = 0;
2158 	unsigned int i;
2159 
2160 	metric_cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(metrics);
2161 
2162 	while (argc > 0) {
2163 		for (i = 0; i < metric_cnt; i++) {
2164 			if (is_prefix(argv[0], metrics[i].name)) {
2165 				if (!metrics[i].selected)
2166 					selected_cnt++;
2167 				metrics[i].selected = true;
2168 				break;
2169 			}
2170 		}
2171 		if (i == metric_cnt) {
2172 			p_err("unknown metric %s", argv[0]);
2173 			return -1;
2174 		}
2175 		NEXT_ARG();
2176 	}
2177 	if (selected_cnt > MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS) {
2178 		p_err("too many (%d) metrics, please specify no more than %d metrics at a time",
2179 		      selected_cnt, MAX_NUM_PROFILE_METRICS);
2180 		return -1;
2181 	}
2182 	return selected_cnt;
2183 }
2184 
2185 static void profile_read_values(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
2186 {
2187 	__u32 m, cpu, num_cpu = obj->rodata->num_cpu;
2188 	int reading_map_fd, count_map_fd;
2189 	__u64 counts[num_cpu];
2190 	__u32 key = 0;
2191 	int err;
2192 
2193 	reading_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.accum_readings);
2194 	count_map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.counts);
2195 	if (reading_map_fd < 0 || count_map_fd < 0) {
2196 		p_err("failed to get fd for map");
2197 		return;
2198 	}
2199 
2200 	err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(count_map_fd, &key, counts);
2201 	if (err) {
2202 		p_err("failed to read count_map: %s", strerror(errno));
2203 		return;
2204 	}
2205 
2206 	profile_total_count = 0;
2207 	for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu; cpu++)
2208 		profile_total_count += counts[cpu];
2209 
2210 	for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
2211 		struct bpf_perf_event_value values[num_cpu];
2212 
2213 		if (!metrics[m].selected)
2214 			continue;
2215 
2216 		err = bpf_map_lookup_elem(reading_map_fd, &key, values);
2217 		if (err) {
2218 			p_err("failed to read reading_map: %s",
2219 			      strerror(errno));
2220 			return;
2221 		}
2222 		for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpu; cpu++) {
2223 			metrics[m].val.counter += values[cpu].counter;
2224 			metrics[m].val.enabled += values[cpu].enabled;
2225 			metrics[m].val.running += values[cpu].running;
2226 		}
2227 		key++;
2228 	}
2229 }
2230 
2231 static void profile_print_readings_json(void)
2232 {
2233 	__u32 m;
2234 
2235 	jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
2236 	for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
2237 		if (!metrics[m].selected)
2238 			continue;
2239 		jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
2240 		jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, "metric", metrics[m].name);
2241 		jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "run_cnt", profile_total_count);
2242 		jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "value", metrics[m].val.counter);
2243 		jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "enabled", metrics[m].val.enabled);
2244 		jsonw_lluint_field(json_wtr, "running", metrics[m].val.running);
2245 
2246 		jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
2247 	}
2248 	jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
2249 }
2250 
2251 static void profile_print_readings_plain(void)
2252 {
2253 	__u32 m;
2254 
2255 	printf("\n%18llu %-20s\n", profile_total_count, "run_cnt");
2256 	for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
2257 		struct bpf_perf_event_value *val = &metrics[m].val;
2258 		int r;
2259 
2260 		if (!metrics[m].selected)
2261 			continue;
2262 		printf("%18llu %-20s", val->counter, metrics[m].name);
2263 
2264 		r = metrics[m].ratio_metric - 1;
2265 		if (r >= 0 && metrics[r].selected &&
2266 		    metrics[r].val.counter > 0) {
2267 			printf("# %8.2f %-30s",
2268 			       val->counter * metrics[m].ratio_mul /
2269 			       metrics[r].val.counter,
2270 			       metrics[m].ratio_desc);
2271 		} else {
2272 			printf("%-41s", "");
2273 		}
2274 
2275 		if (val->enabled > val->running)
2276 			printf("(%4.2f%%)",
2277 			       val->running * 100.0 / val->enabled);
2278 		printf("\n");
2279 	}
2280 }
2281 
2282 static void profile_print_readings(void)
2283 {
2284 	if (json_output)
2285 		profile_print_readings_json();
2286 	else
2287 		profile_print_readings_plain();
2288 }
2289 
2290 static char *profile_target_name(int tgt_fd)
2291 {
2292 	struct bpf_func_info func_info = {};
2293 	struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
2294 	__u32 info_len = sizeof(info);
2295 	const struct btf_type *t;
2296 	__u32 func_info_rec_size;
2297 	struct btf *btf = NULL;
2298 	char *name = NULL;
2299 	int err;
2300 
2301 	err = bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd(tgt_fd, &info, &info_len);
2302 	if (err) {
2303 		p_err("failed to get info for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
2304 		goto out;
2305 	}
2306 
2307 	if (info.btf_id == 0) {
2308 		p_err("prog FD %d doesn't have valid btf", tgt_fd);
2309 		goto out;
2310 	}
2311 
2312 	func_info_rec_size = info.func_info_rec_size;
2313 	if (info.nr_func_info == 0) {
2314 		p_err("found 0 func_info for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
2315 		goto out;
2316 	}
2317 
2318 	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
2319 	info.nr_func_info = 1;
2320 	info.func_info_rec_size = func_info_rec_size;
2321 	info.func_info = ptr_to_u64(&func_info);
2322 
2323 	err = bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd(tgt_fd, &info, &info_len);
2324 	if (err) {
2325 		p_err("failed to get func_info for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
2326 		goto out;
2327 	}
2328 
2329 	btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(info.btf_id);
2330 	if (!btf) {
2331 		p_err("failed to load btf for prog FD %d", tgt_fd);
2332 		goto out;
2333 	}
2334 
2335 	t = btf__type_by_id(btf, func_info.type_id);
2336 	if (!t) {
2337 		p_err("btf %u doesn't have type %u",
2338 		      info.btf_id, func_info.type_id);
2339 		goto out;
2340 	}
2341 	name = strdup(btf__name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off));
2342 out:
2343 	btf__free(btf);
2344 	return name;
2345 }
2346 
2347 static struct profiler_bpf *profile_obj;
2348 static int profile_tgt_fd = -1;
2349 static char *profile_tgt_name;
2350 static int *profile_perf_events;
2351 static int profile_perf_event_cnt;
2352 
2353 static void profile_close_perf_events(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
2354 {
2355 	int i;
2356 
2357 	for (i = profile_perf_event_cnt - 1; i >= 0; i--)
2358 		close(profile_perf_events[i]);
2359 
2360 	free(profile_perf_events);
2361 	profile_perf_event_cnt = 0;
2362 }
2363 
2364 static int profile_open_perf_event(int mid, int cpu, int map_fd)
2365 {
2366 	int pmu_fd;
2367 
2368 	pmu_fd = syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, &metrics[mid].attr,
2369 			 -1 /*pid*/, cpu, -1 /*group_fd*/, 0);
2370 	if (pmu_fd < 0) {
2371 		if (errno == ENODEV) {
2372 			p_info("cpu %d may be offline, skip %s profiling.",
2373 				cpu, metrics[mid].name);
2374 			profile_perf_event_cnt++;
2375 			return 0;
2376 		}
2377 		return -1;
2378 	}
2379 
2380 	if (bpf_map_update_elem(map_fd,
2381 				&profile_perf_event_cnt,
2382 				&pmu_fd, BPF_ANY) ||
2383 	    ioctl(pmu_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0)) {
2384 		close(pmu_fd);
2385 		return -1;
2386 	}
2387 
2388 	profile_perf_events[profile_perf_event_cnt++] = pmu_fd;
2389 	return 0;
2390 }
2391 
2392 static int profile_open_perf_events(struct profiler_bpf *obj)
2393 {
2394 	unsigned int cpu, m;
2395 	int map_fd;
2396 
2397 	profile_perf_events = calloc(
2398 		obj->rodata->num_cpu * obj->rodata->num_metric, sizeof(int));
2399 	if (!profile_perf_events) {
2400 		p_err("failed to allocate memory for perf_event array: %s",
2401 		      strerror(errno));
2402 		return -1;
2403 	}
2404 	map_fd = bpf_map__fd(obj->maps.events);
2405 	if (map_fd < 0) {
2406 		p_err("failed to get fd for events map");
2407 		return -1;
2408 	}
2409 
2410 	for (m = 0; m < ARRAY_SIZE(metrics); m++) {
2411 		if (!metrics[m].selected)
2412 			continue;
2413 		for (cpu = 0; cpu < obj->rodata->num_cpu; cpu++) {
2414 			if (profile_open_perf_event(m, cpu, map_fd)) {
2415 				p_err("failed to create event %s on cpu %u",
2416 				      metrics[m].name, cpu);
2417 				return -1;
2418 			}
2419 		}
2420 	}
2421 	return 0;
2422 }
2423 
2424 static void profile_print_and_cleanup(void)
2425 {
2426 	profile_close_perf_events(profile_obj);
2427 	profile_read_values(profile_obj);
2428 	profile_print_readings();
2429 	profiler_bpf__destroy(profile_obj);
2430 
2431 	close(profile_tgt_fd);
2432 	free(profile_tgt_name);
2433 }
2434 
2435 static void int_exit(int signo)
2436 {
2437 	profile_print_and_cleanup();
2438 	exit(0);
2439 }
2440 
2441 static int do_profile(int argc, char **argv)
2442 {
2443 	int num_metric, num_cpu, err = -1;
2444 	struct bpf_program *prog;
2445 	unsigned long duration;
2446 	char *endptr;
2447 
2448 	/* we at least need two args for the prog and one metric */
2449 	if (!REQ_ARGS(3))
2450 		return -EINVAL;
2451 
2452 	/* parse target fd */
2453 	profile_tgt_fd = prog_parse_fd(&argc, &argv);
2454 	if (profile_tgt_fd < 0) {
2455 		p_err("failed to parse fd");
2456 		return -1;
2457 	}
2458 
2459 	/* parse profiling optional duration */
2460 	if (argc > 2 && is_prefix(argv[0], "duration")) {
2461 		NEXT_ARG();
2462 		duration = strtoul(*argv, &endptr, 0);
2463 		if (*endptr)
2464 			usage();
2465 		NEXT_ARG();
2466 	} else {
2467 		duration = UINT_MAX;
2468 	}
2469 
2470 	num_metric = profile_parse_metrics(argc, argv);
2471 	if (num_metric <= 0)
2472 		goto out;
2473 
2474 	num_cpu = libbpf_num_possible_cpus();
2475 	if (num_cpu <= 0) {
2476 		p_err("failed to identify number of CPUs");
2477 		goto out;
2478 	}
2479 
2480 	profile_obj = profiler_bpf__open();
2481 	if (!profile_obj) {
2482 		p_err("failed to open and/or load BPF object");
2483 		goto out;
2484 	}
2485 
2486 	profile_obj->rodata->num_cpu = num_cpu;
2487 	profile_obj->rodata->num_metric = num_metric;
2488 
2489 	/* adjust map sizes */
2490 	bpf_map__set_max_entries(profile_obj->maps.events, num_metric * num_cpu);
2491 	bpf_map__set_max_entries(profile_obj->maps.fentry_readings, num_metric);
2492 	bpf_map__set_max_entries(profile_obj->maps.accum_readings, num_metric);
2493 	bpf_map__set_max_entries(profile_obj->maps.counts, 1);
2494 
2495 	/* change target name */
2496 	profile_tgt_name = profile_target_name(profile_tgt_fd);
2497 	if (!profile_tgt_name)
2498 		goto out;
2499 
2500 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, profile_obj->obj) {
2501 		err = bpf_program__set_attach_target(prog, profile_tgt_fd,
2502 						     profile_tgt_name);
2503 		if (err) {
2504 			p_err("failed to set attach target\n");
2505 			goto out;
2506 		}
2507 	}
2508 
2509 	set_max_rlimit();
2510 	err = profiler_bpf__load(profile_obj);
2511 	if (err) {
2512 		p_err("failed to load profile_obj");
2513 		goto out;
2514 	}
2515 
2516 	err = profile_open_perf_events(profile_obj);
2517 	if (err)
2518 		goto out;
2519 
2520 	err = profiler_bpf__attach(profile_obj);
2521 	if (err) {
2522 		p_err("failed to attach profile_obj");
2523 		goto out;
2524 	}
2525 	signal(SIGINT, int_exit);
2526 
2527 	sleep(duration);
2528 	profile_print_and_cleanup();
2529 	return 0;
2530 
2531 out:
2532 	profile_close_perf_events(profile_obj);
2533 	if (profile_obj)
2534 		profiler_bpf__destroy(profile_obj);
2535 	close(profile_tgt_fd);
2536 	free(profile_tgt_name);
2537 	return err;
2538 }
2539 
2540 #endif /* BPFTOOL_WITHOUT_SKELETONS */
2541 
2542 static int do_help(int argc, char **argv)
2543 {
2544 	if (json_output) {
2545 		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
2546 		return 0;
2547 	}
2548 
2549 	fprintf(stderr,
2550 		"Usage: %1$s %2$s { show | list } [PROG]\n"
2551 		"       %1$s %2$s dump xlated PROG [{ file FILE | [opcodes] [linum] [visual] }]\n"
2552 		"       %1$s %2$s dump jited  PROG [{ file FILE | [opcodes] [linum] }]\n"
2553 		"       %1$s %2$s pin   PROG FILE\n"
2554 		"       %1$s %2$s { load | loadall } OBJ  PATH \\\n"
2555 		"                         [type TYPE] [{ offload_dev | xdpmeta_dev } NAME] \\\n"
2556 		"                         [map { idx IDX | name NAME } MAP]\\\n"
2557 		"                         [pinmaps MAP_DIR]\n"
2558 		"                         [autoattach]\n"
2559 		"                         [kernel_btf BTF_FILE]\n"
2560 		"       %1$s %2$s attach PROG ATTACH_TYPE [MAP]\n"
2561 		"       %1$s %2$s detach PROG ATTACH_TYPE [MAP]\n"
2562 		"       %1$s %2$s run PROG \\\n"
2563 		"                         data_in FILE \\\n"
2564 		"                         [data_out FILE [data_size_out L]] \\\n"
2565 		"                         [ctx_in FILE [ctx_out FILE [ctx_size_out M]]] \\\n"
2566 		"                         [repeat N]\n"
2567 		"       %1$s %2$s profile PROG [duration DURATION] METRICs\n"
2568 		"       %1$s %2$s tracelog\n"
2569 		"       %1$s %2$s tracelog { stdout | stderr } PROG\n"
2570 		"       %1$s %2$s help\n"
2571 		"\n"
2572 		"       " HELP_SPEC_MAP "\n"
2573 		"       " HELP_SPEC_PROGRAM "\n"
2574 		"       TYPE := { socket | kprobe | kretprobe | classifier | action |\n"
2575 		"                 tracepoint | raw_tracepoint | xdp | perf_event | cgroup/skb |\n"
2576 		"                 cgroup/sock | cgroup/dev | lwt_in | lwt_out | lwt_xmit |\n"
2577 		"                 lwt_seg6local | sockops | sk_skb | sk_msg | lirc_mode2 |\n"
2578 		"                 sk_reuseport | flow_dissector | cgroup/sysctl |\n"
2579 		"                 cgroup/bind4 | cgroup/bind6 | cgroup/post_bind4 |\n"
2580 		"                 cgroup/post_bind6 | cgroup/connect4 | cgroup/connect6 |\n"
2581 		"                 cgroup/connect_unix | cgroup/getpeername4 | cgroup/getpeername6 |\n"
2582 		"                 cgroup/getpeername_unix | cgroup/getsockname4 | cgroup/getsockname6 |\n"
2583 		"                 cgroup/getsockname_unix | cgroup/sendmsg4 | cgroup/sendmsg6 |\n"
2584 		"                 cgroup/sendmsg_unix | cgroup/recvmsg4 | cgroup/recvmsg6 | cgroup/recvmsg_unix |\n"
2585 		"                 cgroup/getsockopt | cgroup/setsockopt | cgroup/sock_release |\n"
2586 		"                 struct_ops | fentry | fexit | freplace | sk_lookup }\n"
2587 		"       ATTACH_TYPE := { sk_msg_verdict | sk_skb_verdict | sk_skb_stream_verdict |\n"
2588 		"                        sk_skb_stream_parser | flow_dissector }\n"
2589 		"       METRIC := { cycles | instructions | l1d_loads | llc_misses | itlb_misses | dtlb_misses }\n"
2590 		"       " HELP_SPEC_OPTIONS " |\n"
2591 		"                    {-f|--bpffs} | {-m|--mapcompat} | {-n|--nomount} |\n"
2592 		"                    {-L|--use-loader} | [ {-S|--sign } {-k} <private_key.pem> {-i} <certificate.x509> ] \n"
2593 		"",
2594 		bin_name, argv[-2]);
2595 
2596 	return 0;
2597 }
2598 
2599 static const struct cmd cmds[] = {
2600 	{ "show",	do_show },
2601 	{ "list",	do_show },
2602 	{ "help",	do_help },
2603 	{ "dump",	do_dump },
2604 	{ "pin",	do_pin },
2605 	{ "load",	do_load },
2606 	{ "loadall",	do_loadall },
2607 	{ "attach",	do_attach },
2608 	{ "detach",	do_detach },
2609 	{ "tracelog",	do_tracelog_any },
2610 	{ "run",	do_run },
2611 	{ "profile",	do_profile },
2612 	{ 0 }
2613 };
2614 
2615 int do_prog(int argc, char **argv)
2616 {
2617 	return cmd_select(cmds, argc, argv, do_help);
2618 }
2619