xref: /linux/tools/bpf/bpftool/gen.c (revision 79997eda0d31bc68203c95ecb978773ee6ce7a1f)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
2 /* Copyright (C) 2019 Facebook */
3 
4 #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
5 #define _GNU_SOURCE
6 #endif
7 #include <ctype.h>
8 #include <errno.h>
9 #include <fcntl.h>
10 #include <linux/err.h>
11 #include <stdbool.h>
12 #include <stdio.h>
13 #include <string.h>
14 #include <unistd.h>
15 #include <bpf/bpf.h>
16 #include <bpf/libbpf.h>
17 #include <bpf/libbpf_internal.h>
18 #include <sys/types.h>
19 #include <sys/stat.h>
20 #include <sys/mman.h>
21 #include <bpf/btf.h>
22 
23 #include "json_writer.h"
24 #include "main.h"
25 
26 #define MAX_OBJ_NAME_LEN 64
27 
28 static void sanitize_identifier(char *name)
29 {
30 	int i;
31 
32 	for (i = 0; name[i]; i++)
33 		if (!isalnum(name[i]) && name[i] != '_')
34 			name[i] = '_';
35 }
36 
37 static bool str_has_prefix(const char *str, const char *prefix)
38 {
39 	return strncmp(str, prefix, strlen(prefix)) == 0;
40 }
41 
42 static bool str_has_suffix(const char *str, const char *suffix)
43 {
44 	size_t i, n1 = strlen(str), n2 = strlen(suffix);
45 
46 	if (n1 < n2)
47 		return false;
48 
49 	for (i = 0; i < n2; i++) {
50 		if (str[n1 - i - 1] != suffix[n2 - i - 1])
51 			return false;
52 	}
53 
54 	return true;
55 }
56 
57 static void get_obj_name(char *name, const char *file)
58 {
59 	/* Using basename() GNU version which doesn't modify arg. */
60 	strncpy(name, basename(file), MAX_OBJ_NAME_LEN - 1);
61 	name[MAX_OBJ_NAME_LEN - 1] = '\0';
62 	if (str_has_suffix(name, ".o"))
63 		name[strlen(name) - 2] = '\0';
64 	sanitize_identifier(name);
65 }
66 
67 static void get_header_guard(char *guard, const char *obj_name, const char *suffix)
68 {
69 	int i;
70 
71 	sprintf(guard, "__%s_%s__", obj_name, suffix);
72 	for (i = 0; guard[i]; i++)
73 		guard[i] = toupper(guard[i]);
74 }
75 
76 static bool get_map_ident(const struct bpf_map *map, char *buf, size_t buf_sz)
77 {
78 	static const char *sfxs[] = { ".data", ".rodata", ".bss", ".kconfig" };
79 	const char *name = bpf_map__name(map);
80 	int i, n;
81 
82 	if (!bpf_map__is_internal(map)) {
83 		snprintf(buf, buf_sz, "%s", name);
84 		return true;
85 	}
86 
87 	for  (i = 0, n = ARRAY_SIZE(sfxs); i < n; i++) {
88 		const char *sfx = sfxs[i], *p;
89 
90 		p = strstr(name, sfx);
91 		if (p) {
92 			snprintf(buf, buf_sz, "%s", p + 1);
93 			sanitize_identifier(buf);
94 			return true;
95 		}
96 	}
97 
98 	return false;
99 }
100 
101 static bool get_datasec_ident(const char *sec_name, char *buf, size_t buf_sz)
102 {
103 	static const char *pfxs[] = { ".data", ".rodata", ".bss", ".kconfig" };
104 	int i, n;
105 
106 	for  (i = 0, n = ARRAY_SIZE(pfxs); i < n; i++) {
107 		const char *pfx = pfxs[i];
108 
109 		if (str_has_prefix(sec_name, pfx)) {
110 			snprintf(buf, buf_sz, "%s", sec_name + 1);
111 			sanitize_identifier(buf);
112 			return true;
113 		}
114 	}
115 
116 	return false;
117 }
118 
119 static void codegen_btf_dump_printf(void *ctx, const char *fmt, va_list args)
120 {
121 	vprintf(fmt, args);
122 }
123 
124 static int codegen_datasec_def(struct bpf_object *obj,
125 			       struct btf *btf,
126 			       struct btf_dump *d,
127 			       const struct btf_type *sec,
128 			       const char *obj_name)
129 {
130 	const char *sec_name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, sec->name_off);
131 	const struct btf_var_secinfo *sec_var = btf_var_secinfos(sec);
132 	int i, err, off = 0, pad_cnt = 0, vlen = btf_vlen(sec);
133 	char var_ident[256], sec_ident[256];
134 	bool strip_mods = false;
135 
136 	if (!get_datasec_ident(sec_name, sec_ident, sizeof(sec_ident)))
137 		return 0;
138 
139 	if (strcmp(sec_name, ".kconfig") != 0)
140 		strip_mods = true;
141 
142 	printf("	struct %s__%s {\n", obj_name, sec_ident);
143 	for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, sec_var++) {
144 		const struct btf_type *var = btf__type_by_id(btf, sec_var->type);
145 		const char *var_name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, var->name_off);
146 		DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(btf_dump_emit_type_decl_opts, opts,
147 			.field_name = var_ident,
148 			.indent_level = 2,
149 			.strip_mods = strip_mods,
150 		);
151 		int need_off = sec_var->offset, align_off, align;
152 		__u32 var_type_id = var->type;
153 
154 		/* static variables are not exposed through BPF skeleton */
155 		if (btf_var(var)->linkage == BTF_VAR_STATIC)
156 			continue;
157 
158 		if (off > need_off) {
159 			p_err("Something is wrong for %s's variable #%d: need offset %d, already at %d.\n",
160 			      sec_name, i, need_off, off);
161 			return -EINVAL;
162 		}
163 
164 		align = btf__align_of(btf, var->type);
165 		if (align <= 0) {
166 			p_err("Failed to determine alignment of variable '%s': %d",
167 			      var_name, align);
168 			return -EINVAL;
169 		}
170 		/* Assume 32-bit architectures when generating data section
171 		 * struct memory layout. Given bpftool can't know which target
172 		 * host architecture it's emitting skeleton for, we need to be
173 		 * conservative and assume 32-bit one to ensure enough padding
174 		 * bytes are generated for pointer and long types. This will
175 		 * still work correctly for 64-bit architectures, because in
176 		 * the worst case we'll generate unnecessary padding field,
177 		 * which on 64-bit architectures is not strictly necessary and
178 		 * would be handled by natural 8-byte alignment. But it still
179 		 * will be a correct memory layout, based on recorded offsets
180 		 * in BTF.
181 		 */
182 		if (align > 4)
183 			align = 4;
184 
185 		align_off = (off + align - 1) / align * align;
186 		if (align_off != need_off) {
187 			printf("\t\tchar __pad%d[%d];\n",
188 			       pad_cnt, need_off - off);
189 			pad_cnt++;
190 		}
191 
192 		/* sanitize variable name, e.g., for static vars inside
193 		 * a function, it's name is '<function name>.<variable name>',
194 		 * which we'll turn into a '<function name>_<variable name>'
195 		 */
196 		var_ident[0] = '\0';
197 		strncat(var_ident, var_name, sizeof(var_ident) - 1);
198 		sanitize_identifier(var_ident);
199 
200 		printf("\t\t");
201 		err = btf_dump__emit_type_decl(d, var_type_id, &opts);
202 		if (err)
203 			return err;
204 		printf(";\n");
205 
206 		off = sec_var->offset + sec_var->size;
207 	}
208 	printf("	} *%s;\n", sec_ident);
209 	return 0;
210 }
211 
212 static const struct btf_type *find_type_for_map(struct btf *btf, const char *map_ident)
213 {
214 	int n = btf__type_cnt(btf), i;
215 	char sec_ident[256];
216 
217 	for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
218 		const struct btf_type *t = btf__type_by_id(btf, i);
219 		const char *name;
220 
221 		if (!btf_is_datasec(t))
222 			continue;
223 
224 		name = btf__str_by_offset(btf, t->name_off);
225 		if (!get_datasec_ident(name, sec_ident, sizeof(sec_ident)))
226 			continue;
227 
228 		if (strcmp(sec_ident, map_ident) == 0)
229 			return t;
230 	}
231 	return NULL;
232 }
233 
234 static bool is_internal_mmapable_map(const struct bpf_map *map, char *buf, size_t sz)
235 {
236 	if (!bpf_map__is_internal(map) || !(bpf_map__map_flags(map) & BPF_F_MMAPABLE))
237 		return false;
238 
239 	if (!get_map_ident(map, buf, sz))
240 		return false;
241 
242 	return true;
243 }
244 
245 static int codegen_datasecs(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *obj_name)
246 {
247 	struct btf *btf = bpf_object__btf(obj);
248 	struct btf_dump *d;
249 	struct bpf_map *map;
250 	const struct btf_type *sec;
251 	char map_ident[256];
252 	int err = 0;
253 
254 	d = btf_dump__new(btf, codegen_btf_dump_printf, NULL, NULL);
255 	if (!d)
256 		return -errno;
257 
258 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
259 		/* only generate definitions for memory-mapped internal maps */
260 		if (!is_internal_mmapable_map(map, map_ident, sizeof(map_ident)))
261 			continue;
262 
263 		sec = find_type_for_map(btf, map_ident);
264 
265 		/* In some cases (e.g., sections like .rodata.cst16 containing
266 		 * compiler allocated string constants only) there will be
267 		 * special internal maps with no corresponding DATASEC BTF
268 		 * type. In such case, generate empty structs for each such
269 		 * map. It will still be memory-mapped and its contents
270 		 * accessible from user-space through BPF skeleton.
271 		 */
272 		if (!sec) {
273 			printf("	struct %s__%s {\n", obj_name, map_ident);
274 			printf("	} *%s;\n", map_ident);
275 		} else {
276 			err = codegen_datasec_def(obj, btf, d, sec, obj_name);
277 			if (err)
278 				goto out;
279 		}
280 	}
281 
282 
283 out:
284 	btf_dump__free(d);
285 	return err;
286 }
287 
288 static bool btf_is_ptr_to_func_proto(const struct btf *btf,
289 				     const struct btf_type *v)
290 {
291 	return btf_is_ptr(v) && btf_is_func_proto(btf__type_by_id(btf, v->type));
292 }
293 
294 static int codegen_subskel_datasecs(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *obj_name)
295 {
296 	struct btf *btf = bpf_object__btf(obj);
297 	struct btf_dump *d;
298 	struct bpf_map *map;
299 	const struct btf_type *sec, *var;
300 	const struct btf_var_secinfo *sec_var;
301 	int i, err = 0, vlen;
302 	char map_ident[256], sec_ident[256];
303 	bool strip_mods = false, needs_typeof = false;
304 	const char *sec_name, *var_name;
305 	__u32 var_type_id;
306 
307 	d = btf_dump__new(btf, codegen_btf_dump_printf, NULL, NULL);
308 	if (!d)
309 		return -errno;
310 
311 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
312 		/* only generate definitions for memory-mapped internal maps */
313 		if (!is_internal_mmapable_map(map, map_ident, sizeof(map_ident)))
314 			continue;
315 
316 		sec = find_type_for_map(btf, map_ident);
317 		if (!sec)
318 			continue;
319 
320 		sec_name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, sec->name_off);
321 		if (!get_datasec_ident(sec_name, sec_ident, sizeof(sec_ident)))
322 			continue;
323 
324 		strip_mods = strcmp(sec_name, ".kconfig") != 0;
325 		printf("	struct %s__%s {\n", obj_name, sec_ident);
326 
327 		sec_var = btf_var_secinfos(sec);
328 		vlen = btf_vlen(sec);
329 		for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, sec_var++) {
330 			DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(btf_dump_emit_type_decl_opts, opts,
331 				.indent_level = 2,
332 				.strip_mods = strip_mods,
333 				/* we'll print the name separately */
334 				.field_name = "",
335 			);
336 
337 			var = btf__type_by_id(btf, sec_var->type);
338 			var_name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, var->name_off);
339 			var_type_id = var->type;
340 
341 			/* static variables are not exposed through BPF skeleton */
342 			if (btf_var(var)->linkage == BTF_VAR_STATIC)
343 				continue;
344 
345 			/* The datasec member has KIND_VAR but we want the
346 			 * underlying type of the variable (e.g. KIND_INT).
347 			 */
348 			var = skip_mods_and_typedefs(btf, var->type, NULL);
349 
350 			printf("\t\t");
351 			/* Func and array members require special handling.
352 			 * Instead of producing `typename *var`, they produce
353 			 * `typeof(typename) *var`. This allows us to keep a
354 			 * similar syntax where the identifier is just prefixed
355 			 * by *, allowing us to ignore C declaration minutiae.
356 			 */
357 			needs_typeof = btf_is_array(var) || btf_is_ptr_to_func_proto(btf, var);
358 			if (needs_typeof)
359 				printf("typeof(");
360 
361 			err = btf_dump__emit_type_decl(d, var_type_id, &opts);
362 			if (err)
363 				goto out;
364 
365 			if (needs_typeof)
366 				printf(")");
367 
368 			printf(" *%s;\n", var_name);
369 		}
370 		printf("	} %s;\n", sec_ident);
371 	}
372 
373 out:
374 	btf_dump__free(d);
375 	return err;
376 }
377 
378 static void codegen(const char *template, ...)
379 {
380 	const char *src, *end;
381 	int skip_tabs = 0, n;
382 	char *s, *dst;
383 	va_list args;
384 	char c;
385 
386 	n = strlen(template);
387 	s = malloc(n + 1);
388 	if (!s)
389 		exit(-1);
390 	src = template;
391 	dst = s;
392 
393 	/* find out "baseline" indentation to skip */
394 	while ((c = *src++)) {
395 		if (c == '\t') {
396 			skip_tabs++;
397 		} else if (c == '\n') {
398 			break;
399 		} else {
400 			p_err("unrecognized character at pos %td in template '%s': '%c'",
401 			      src - template - 1, template, c);
402 			free(s);
403 			exit(-1);
404 		}
405 	}
406 
407 	while (*src) {
408 		/* skip baseline indentation tabs */
409 		for (n = skip_tabs; n > 0; n--, src++) {
410 			if (*src != '\t') {
411 				p_err("not enough tabs at pos %td in template '%s'",
412 				      src - template - 1, template);
413 				free(s);
414 				exit(-1);
415 			}
416 		}
417 		/* trim trailing whitespace */
418 		end = strchrnul(src, '\n');
419 		for (n = end - src; n > 0 && isspace(src[n - 1]); n--)
420 			;
421 		memcpy(dst, src, n);
422 		dst += n;
423 		if (*end)
424 			*dst++ = '\n';
425 		src = *end ? end + 1 : end;
426 	}
427 	*dst++ = '\0';
428 
429 	/* print out using adjusted template */
430 	va_start(args, template);
431 	n = vprintf(s, args);
432 	va_end(args);
433 
434 	free(s);
435 }
436 
437 static void print_hex(const char *data, int data_sz)
438 {
439 	int i, len;
440 
441 	for (i = 0, len = 0; i < data_sz; i++) {
442 		int w = data[i] ? 4 : 2;
443 
444 		len += w;
445 		if (len > 78) {
446 			printf("\\\n");
447 			len = w;
448 		}
449 		if (!data[i])
450 			printf("\\0");
451 		else
452 			printf("\\x%02x", (unsigned char)data[i]);
453 	}
454 }
455 
456 static size_t bpf_map_mmap_sz(const struct bpf_map *map)
457 {
458 	long page_sz = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
459 	size_t map_sz;
460 
461 	map_sz = (size_t)roundup(bpf_map__value_size(map), 8) * bpf_map__max_entries(map);
462 	map_sz = roundup(map_sz, page_sz);
463 	return map_sz;
464 }
465 
466 /* Emit type size asserts for all top-level fields in memory-mapped internal maps. */
467 static void codegen_asserts(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *obj_name)
468 {
469 	struct btf *btf = bpf_object__btf(obj);
470 	struct bpf_map *map;
471 	struct btf_var_secinfo *sec_var;
472 	int i, vlen;
473 	const struct btf_type *sec;
474 	char map_ident[256], var_ident[256];
475 
476 	if (!btf)
477 		return;
478 
479 	codegen("\
480 		\n\
481 		__attribute__((unused)) static void			    \n\
482 		%1$s__assert(struct %1$s *s __attribute__((unused)))	    \n\
483 		{							    \n\
484 		#ifdef __cplusplus					    \n\
485 		#define _Static_assert static_assert			    \n\
486 		#endif							    \n\
487 		", obj_name);
488 
489 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
490 		if (!is_internal_mmapable_map(map, map_ident, sizeof(map_ident)))
491 			continue;
492 
493 		sec = find_type_for_map(btf, map_ident);
494 		if (!sec) {
495 			/* best effort, couldn't find the type for this map */
496 			continue;
497 		}
498 
499 		sec_var = btf_var_secinfos(sec);
500 		vlen =  btf_vlen(sec);
501 
502 		for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, sec_var++) {
503 			const struct btf_type *var = btf__type_by_id(btf, sec_var->type);
504 			const char *var_name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, var->name_off);
505 			long var_size;
506 
507 			/* static variables are not exposed through BPF skeleton */
508 			if (btf_var(var)->linkage == BTF_VAR_STATIC)
509 				continue;
510 
511 			var_size = btf__resolve_size(btf, var->type);
512 			if (var_size < 0)
513 				continue;
514 
515 			var_ident[0] = '\0';
516 			strncat(var_ident, var_name, sizeof(var_ident) - 1);
517 			sanitize_identifier(var_ident);
518 
519 			printf("\t_Static_assert(sizeof(s->%s->%s) == %ld, \"unexpected size of '%s'\");\n",
520 			       map_ident, var_ident, var_size, var_ident);
521 		}
522 	}
523 	codegen("\
524 		\n\
525 		#ifdef __cplusplus					    \n\
526 		#undef _Static_assert					    \n\
527 		#endif							    \n\
528 		}							    \n\
529 		");
530 }
531 
532 static void codegen_attach_detach(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *obj_name)
533 {
534 	struct bpf_program *prog;
535 
536 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
537 		const char *tp_name;
538 
539 		codegen("\
540 			\n\
541 			\n\
542 			static inline int					    \n\
543 			%1$s__%2$s__attach(struct %1$s *skel)			    \n\
544 			{							    \n\
545 				int prog_fd = skel->progs.%2$s.prog_fd;		    \n\
546 			", obj_name, bpf_program__name(prog));
547 
548 		switch (bpf_program__type(prog)) {
549 		case BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT:
550 			tp_name = strchr(bpf_program__section_name(prog), '/') + 1;
551 			printf("\tint fd = skel_raw_tracepoint_open(\"%s\", prog_fd);\n", tp_name);
552 			break;
553 		case BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING:
554 		case BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM:
555 			if (bpf_program__expected_attach_type(prog) == BPF_TRACE_ITER)
556 				printf("\tint fd = skel_link_create(prog_fd, 0, BPF_TRACE_ITER);\n");
557 			else
558 				printf("\tint fd = skel_raw_tracepoint_open(NULL, prog_fd);\n");
559 			break;
560 		default:
561 			printf("\tint fd = ((void)prog_fd, 0); /* auto-attach not supported */\n");
562 			break;
563 		}
564 		codegen("\
565 			\n\
566 										    \n\
567 				if (fd > 0)					    \n\
568 					skel->links.%1$s_fd = fd;		    \n\
569 				return fd;					    \n\
570 			}							    \n\
571 			", bpf_program__name(prog));
572 	}
573 
574 	codegen("\
575 		\n\
576 									    \n\
577 		static inline int					    \n\
578 		%1$s__attach(struct %1$s *skel)				    \n\
579 		{							    \n\
580 			int ret = 0;					    \n\
581 									    \n\
582 		", obj_name);
583 
584 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
585 		codegen("\
586 			\n\
587 				ret = ret < 0 ? ret : %1$s__%2$s__attach(skel);   \n\
588 			", obj_name, bpf_program__name(prog));
589 	}
590 
591 	codegen("\
592 		\n\
593 			return ret < 0 ? ret : 0;			    \n\
594 		}							    \n\
595 									    \n\
596 		static inline void					    \n\
597 		%1$s__detach(struct %1$s *skel)				    \n\
598 		{							    \n\
599 		", obj_name);
600 
601 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
602 		codegen("\
603 			\n\
604 				skel_closenz(skel->links.%1$s_fd);	    \n\
605 			", bpf_program__name(prog));
606 	}
607 
608 	codegen("\
609 		\n\
610 		}							    \n\
611 		");
612 }
613 
614 static void codegen_destroy(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *obj_name)
615 {
616 	struct bpf_program *prog;
617 	struct bpf_map *map;
618 	char ident[256];
619 
620 	codegen("\
621 		\n\
622 		static void						    \n\
623 		%1$s__destroy(struct %1$s *skel)			    \n\
624 		{							    \n\
625 			if (!skel)					    \n\
626 				return;					    \n\
627 			%1$s__detach(skel);				    \n\
628 		",
629 		obj_name);
630 
631 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
632 		codegen("\
633 			\n\
634 				skel_closenz(skel->progs.%1$s.prog_fd);	    \n\
635 			", bpf_program__name(prog));
636 	}
637 
638 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
639 		if (!get_map_ident(map, ident, sizeof(ident)))
640 			continue;
641 		if (bpf_map__is_internal(map) &&
642 		    (bpf_map__map_flags(map) & BPF_F_MMAPABLE))
643 			printf("\tskel_free_map_data(skel->%1$s, skel->maps.%1$s.initial_value, %2$zd);\n",
644 			       ident, bpf_map_mmap_sz(map));
645 		codegen("\
646 			\n\
647 				skel_closenz(skel->maps.%1$s.map_fd);	    \n\
648 			", ident);
649 	}
650 	codegen("\
651 		\n\
652 			skel_free(skel);				    \n\
653 		}							    \n\
654 		",
655 		obj_name);
656 }
657 
658 static int gen_trace(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *obj_name, const char *header_guard)
659 {
660 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(gen_loader_opts, opts);
661 	struct bpf_map *map;
662 	char ident[256];
663 	int err = 0;
664 
665 	err = bpf_object__gen_loader(obj, &opts);
666 	if (err)
667 		return err;
668 
669 	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
670 	if (err) {
671 		p_err("failed to load object file");
672 		goto out;
673 	}
674 	/* If there was no error during load then gen_loader_opts
675 	 * are populated with the loader program.
676 	 */
677 
678 	/* finish generating 'struct skel' */
679 	codegen("\
680 		\n\
681 		};							    \n\
682 		", obj_name);
683 
684 
685 	codegen_attach_detach(obj, obj_name);
686 
687 	codegen_destroy(obj, obj_name);
688 
689 	codegen("\
690 		\n\
691 		static inline struct %1$s *				    \n\
692 		%1$s__open(void)					    \n\
693 		{							    \n\
694 			struct %1$s *skel;				    \n\
695 									    \n\
696 			skel = skel_alloc(sizeof(*skel));		    \n\
697 			if (!skel)					    \n\
698 				goto cleanup;				    \n\
699 			skel->ctx.sz = (void *)&skel->links - (void *)skel; \n\
700 		",
701 		obj_name, opts.data_sz);
702 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
703 		const void *mmap_data = NULL;
704 		size_t mmap_size = 0;
705 
706 		if (!is_internal_mmapable_map(map, ident, sizeof(ident)))
707 			continue;
708 
709 		codegen("\
710 		\n\
711 			{						    \n\
712 				static const char data[] __attribute__((__aligned__(8))) = \"\\\n\
713 		");
714 		mmap_data = bpf_map__initial_value(map, &mmap_size);
715 		print_hex(mmap_data, mmap_size);
716 		codegen("\
717 		\n\
718 		\";							    \n\
719 									    \n\
720 				skel->%1$s = skel_prep_map_data((void *)data, %2$zd,\n\
721 								sizeof(data) - 1);\n\
722 				if (!skel->%1$s)			    \n\
723 					goto cleanup;			    \n\
724 				skel->maps.%1$s.initial_value = (__u64) (long) skel->%1$s;\n\
725 			}						    \n\
726 			", ident, bpf_map_mmap_sz(map));
727 	}
728 	codegen("\
729 		\n\
730 			return skel;					    \n\
731 		cleanup:						    \n\
732 			%1$s__destroy(skel);				    \n\
733 			return NULL;					    \n\
734 		}							    \n\
735 									    \n\
736 		static inline int					    \n\
737 		%1$s__load(struct %1$s *skel)				    \n\
738 		{							    \n\
739 			struct bpf_load_and_run_opts opts = {};		    \n\
740 			int err;					    \n\
741 			static const char opts_data[] __attribute__((__aligned__(8))) = \"\\\n\
742 		",
743 		obj_name);
744 	print_hex(opts.data, opts.data_sz);
745 	codegen("\
746 		\n\
747 		\";							    \n\
748 			static const char opts_insn[] __attribute__((__aligned__(8))) = \"\\\n\
749 		");
750 	print_hex(opts.insns, opts.insns_sz);
751 	codegen("\
752 		\n\
753 		\";							    \n\
754 									    \n\
755 			opts.ctx = (struct bpf_loader_ctx *)skel;	    \n\
756 			opts.data_sz = sizeof(opts_data) - 1;		    \n\
757 			opts.data = (void *)opts_data;			    \n\
758 			opts.insns_sz = sizeof(opts_insn) - 1;		    \n\
759 			opts.insns = (void *)opts_insn;			    \n\
760 									    \n\
761 			err = bpf_load_and_run(&opts);			    \n\
762 			if (err < 0)					    \n\
763 				return err;				    \n\
764 		");
765 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
766 		const char *mmap_flags;
767 
768 		if (!is_internal_mmapable_map(map, ident, sizeof(ident)))
769 			continue;
770 
771 		if (bpf_map__map_flags(map) & BPF_F_RDONLY_PROG)
772 			mmap_flags = "PROT_READ";
773 		else
774 			mmap_flags = "PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE";
775 
776 		codegen("\
777 		\n\
778 			skel->%1$s = skel_finalize_map_data(&skel->maps.%1$s.initial_value,  \n\
779 							%2$zd, %3$s, skel->maps.%1$s.map_fd);\n\
780 			if (!skel->%1$s)				    \n\
781 				return -ENOMEM;				    \n\
782 			",
783 		       ident, bpf_map_mmap_sz(map), mmap_flags);
784 	}
785 	codegen("\
786 		\n\
787 			return 0;					    \n\
788 		}							    \n\
789 									    \n\
790 		static inline struct %1$s *				    \n\
791 		%1$s__open_and_load(void)				    \n\
792 		{							    \n\
793 			struct %1$s *skel;				    \n\
794 									    \n\
795 			skel = %1$s__open();				    \n\
796 			if (!skel)					    \n\
797 				return NULL;				    \n\
798 			if (%1$s__load(skel)) {				    \n\
799 				%1$s__destroy(skel);			    \n\
800 				return NULL;				    \n\
801 			}						    \n\
802 			return skel;					    \n\
803 		}							    \n\
804 									    \n\
805 		", obj_name);
806 
807 	codegen_asserts(obj, obj_name);
808 
809 	codegen("\
810 		\n\
811 									    \n\
812 		#endif /* %s */						    \n\
813 		",
814 		header_guard);
815 	err = 0;
816 out:
817 	return err;
818 }
819 
820 static void
821 codegen_maps_skeleton(struct bpf_object *obj, size_t map_cnt, bool mmaped)
822 {
823 	struct bpf_map *map;
824 	char ident[256];
825 	size_t i;
826 
827 	if (!map_cnt)
828 		return;
829 
830 	codegen("\
831 		\n\
832 									\n\
833 			/* maps */				    \n\
834 			s->map_cnt = %zu;			    \n\
835 			s->map_skel_sz = sizeof(*s->maps);	    \n\
836 			s->maps = (struct bpf_map_skeleton *)calloc(s->map_cnt, s->map_skel_sz);\n\
837 			if (!s->maps) {				    \n\
838 				err = -ENOMEM;			    \n\
839 				goto err;			    \n\
840 			}					    \n\
841 		",
842 		map_cnt
843 	);
844 	i = 0;
845 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
846 		if (!get_map_ident(map, ident, sizeof(ident)))
847 			continue;
848 
849 		codegen("\
850 			\n\
851 									\n\
852 				s->maps[%zu].name = \"%s\";	    \n\
853 				s->maps[%zu].map = &obj->maps.%s;   \n\
854 			",
855 			i, bpf_map__name(map), i, ident);
856 		/* memory-mapped internal maps */
857 		if (mmaped && is_internal_mmapable_map(map, ident, sizeof(ident))) {
858 			printf("\ts->maps[%zu].mmaped = (void **)&obj->%s;\n",
859 				i, ident);
860 		}
861 		i++;
862 	}
863 }
864 
865 static void
866 codegen_progs_skeleton(struct bpf_object *obj, size_t prog_cnt, bool populate_links)
867 {
868 	struct bpf_program *prog;
869 	int i;
870 
871 	if (!prog_cnt)
872 		return;
873 
874 	codegen("\
875 		\n\
876 									\n\
877 			/* programs */				    \n\
878 			s->prog_cnt = %zu;			    \n\
879 			s->prog_skel_sz = sizeof(*s->progs);	    \n\
880 			s->progs = (struct bpf_prog_skeleton *)calloc(s->prog_cnt, s->prog_skel_sz);\n\
881 			if (!s->progs) {			    \n\
882 				err = -ENOMEM;			    \n\
883 				goto err;			    \n\
884 			}					    \n\
885 		",
886 		prog_cnt
887 	);
888 	i = 0;
889 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
890 		codegen("\
891 			\n\
892 									\n\
893 				s->progs[%1$zu].name = \"%2$s\";    \n\
894 				s->progs[%1$zu].prog = &obj->progs.%2$s;\n\
895 			",
896 			i, bpf_program__name(prog));
897 
898 		if (populate_links) {
899 			codegen("\
900 				\n\
901 					s->progs[%1$zu].link = &obj->links.%2$s;\n\
902 				",
903 				i, bpf_program__name(prog));
904 		}
905 		i++;
906 	}
907 }
908 
909 static int do_skeleton(int argc, char **argv)
910 {
911 	char header_guard[MAX_OBJ_NAME_LEN + sizeof("__SKEL_H__")];
912 	size_t map_cnt = 0, prog_cnt = 0, file_sz, mmap_sz;
913 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, opts);
914 	char obj_name[MAX_OBJ_NAME_LEN] = "", *obj_data;
915 	struct bpf_object *obj = NULL;
916 	const char *file;
917 	char ident[256];
918 	struct bpf_program *prog;
919 	int fd, err = -1;
920 	struct bpf_map *map;
921 	struct btf *btf;
922 	struct stat st;
923 
924 	if (!REQ_ARGS(1)) {
925 		usage();
926 		return -1;
927 	}
928 	file = GET_ARG();
929 
930 	while (argc) {
931 		if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
932 			return -1;
933 
934 		if (is_prefix(*argv, "name")) {
935 			NEXT_ARG();
936 
937 			if (obj_name[0] != '\0') {
938 				p_err("object name already specified");
939 				return -1;
940 			}
941 
942 			strncpy(obj_name, *argv, MAX_OBJ_NAME_LEN - 1);
943 			obj_name[MAX_OBJ_NAME_LEN - 1] = '\0';
944 		} else {
945 			p_err("unknown arg %s", *argv);
946 			return -1;
947 		}
948 
949 		NEXT_ARG();
950 	}
951 
952 	if (argc) {
953 		p_err("extra unknown arguments");
954 		return -1;
955 	}
956 
957 	if (stat(file, &st)) {
958 		p_err("failed to stat() %s: %s", file, strerror(errno));
959 		return -1;
960 	}
961 	file_sz = st.st_size;
962 	mmap_sz = roundup(file_sz, sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE));
963 	fd = open(file, O_RDONLY);
964 	if (fd < 0) {
965 		p_err("failed to open() %s: %s", file, strerror(errno));
966 		return -1;
967 	}
968 	obj_data = mmap(NULL, mmap_sz, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
969 	if (obj_data == MAP_FAILED) {
970 		obj_data = NULL;
971 		p_err("failed to mmap() %s: %s", file, strerror(errno));
972 		goto out;
973 	}
974 	if (obj_name[0] == '\0')
975 		get_obj_name(obj_name, file);
976 	opts.object_name = obj_name;
977 	if (verifier_logs)
978 		/* log_level1 + log_level2 + stats, but not stable UAPI */
979 		opts.kernel_log_level = 1 + 2 + 4;
980 	obj = bpf_object__open_mem(obj_data, file_sz, &opts);
981 	if (!obj) {
982 		char err_buf[256];
983 
984 		err = -errno;
985 		libbpf_strerror(err, err_buf, sizeof(err_buf));
986 		p_err("failed to open BPF object file: %s", err_buf);
987 		goto out;
988 	}
989 
990 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
991 		if (!get_map_ident(map, ident, sizeof(ident))) {
992 			p_err("ignoring unrecognized internal map '%s'...",
993 			      bpf_map__name(map));
994 			continue;
995 		}
996 		map_cnt++;
997 	}
998 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
999 		prog_cnt++;
1000 	}
1001 
1002 	get_header_guard(header_guard, obj_name, "SKEL_H");
1003 	if (use_loader) {
1004 		codegen("\
1005 		\n\
1006 		/* SPDX-License-Identifier: (LGPL-2.1 OR BSD-2-Clause) */   \n\
1007 		/* THIS FILE IS AUTOGENERATED BY BPFTOOL! */		    \n\
1008 		#ifndef %2$s						    \n\
1009 		#define %2$s						    \n\
1010 									    \n\
1011 		#include <bpf/skel_internal.h>				    \n\
1012 									    \n\
1013 		struct %1$s {						    \n\
1014 			struct bpf_loader_ctx ctx;			    \n\
1015 		",
1016 		obj_name, header_guard
1017 		);
1018 	} else {
1019 		codegen("\
1020 		\n\
1021 		/* SPDX-License-Identifier: (LGPL-2.1 OR BSD-2-Clause) */   \n\
1022 									    \n\
1023 		/* THIS FILE IS AUTOGENERATED BY BPFTOOL! */		    \n\
1024 		#ifndef %2$s						    \n\
1025 		#define %2$s						    \n\
1026 									    \n\
1027 		#include <errno.h>					    \n\
1028 		#include <stdlib.h>					    \n\
1029 		#include <bpf/libbpf.h>					    \n\
1030 									    \n\
1031 		struct %1$s {						    \n\
1032 			struct bpf_object_skeleton *skeleton;		    \n\
1033 			struct bpf_object *obj;				    \n\
1034 		",
1035 		obj_name, header_guard
1036 		);
1037 	}
1038 
1039 	if (map_cnt) {
1040 		printf("\tstruct {\n");
1041 		bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
1042 			if (!get_map_ident(map, ident, sizeof(ident)))
1043 				continue;
1044 			if (use_loader)
1045 				printf("\t\tstruct bpf_map_desc %s;\n", ident);
1046 			else
1047 				printf("\t\tstruct bpf_map *%s;\n", ident);
1048 		}
1049 		printf("\t} maps;\n");
1050 	}
1051 
1052 	if (prog_cnt) {
1053 		printf("\tstruct {\n");
1054 		bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
1055 			if (use_loader)
1056 				printf("\t\tstruct bpf_prog_desc %s;\n",
1057 				       bpf_program__name(prog));
1058 			else
1059 				printf("\t\tstruct bpf_program *%s;\n",
1060 				       bpf_program__name(prog));
1061 		}
1062 		printf("\t} progs;\n");
1063 		printf("\tstruct {\n");
1064 		bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
1065 			if (use_loader)
1066 				printf("\t\tint %s_fd;\n",
1067 				       bpf_program__name(prog));
1068 			else
1069 				printf("\t\tstruct bpf_link *%s;\n",
1070 				       bpf_program__name(prog));
1071 		}
1072 		printf("\t} links;\n");
1073 	}
1074 
1075 	btf = bpf_object__btf(obj);
1076 	if (btf) {
1077 		err = codegen_datasecs(obj, obj_name);
1078 		if (err)
1079 			goto out;
1080 	}
1081 	if (use_loader) {
1082 		err = gen_trace(obj, obj_name, header_guard);
1083 		goto out;
1084 	}
1085 
1086 	codegen("\
1087 		\n\
1088 									    \n\
1089 		#ifdef __cplusplus					    \n\
1090 			static inline struct %1$s *open(const struct bpf_object_open_opts *opts = nullptr);\n\
1091 			static inline struct %1$s *open_and_load();	    \n\
1092 			static inline int load(struct %1$s *skel);	    \n\
1093 			static inline int attach(struct %1$s *skel);	    \n\
1094 			static inline void detach(struct %1$s *skel);	    \n\
1095 			static inline void destroy(struct %1$s *skel);	    \n\
1096 			static inline const void *elf_bytes(size_t *sz);    \n\
1097 		#endif /* __cplusplus */				    \n\
1098 		};							    \n\
1099 									    \n\
1100 		static void						    \n\
1101 		%1$s__destroy(struct %1$s *obj)				    \n\
1102 		{							    \n\
1103 			if (!obj)					    \n\
1104 				return;					    \n\
1105 			if (obj->skeleton)				    \n\
1106 				bpf_object__destroy_skeleton(obj->skeleton);\n\
1107 			free(obj);					    \n\
1108 		}							    \n\
1109 									    \n\
1110 		static inline int					    \n\
1111 		%1$s__create_skeleton(struct %1$s *obj);		    \n\
1112 									    \n\
1113 		static inline struct %1$s *				    \n\
1114 		%1$s__open_opts(const struct bpf_object_open_opts *opts)    \n\
1115 		{							    \n\
1116 			struct %1$s *obj;				    \n\
1117 			int err;					    \n\
1118 									    \n\
1119 			obj = (struct %1$s *)calloc(1, sizeof(*obj));	    \n\
1120 			if (!obj) {					    \n\
1121 				errno = ENOMEM;				    \n\
1122 				return NULL;				    \n\
1123 			}						    \n\
1124 									    \n\
1125 			err = %1$s__create_skeleton(obj);		    \n\
1126 			if (err)					    \n\
1127 				goto err_out;				    \n\
1128 									    \n\
1129 			err = bpf_object__open_skeleton(obj->skeleton, opts);\n\
1130 			if (err)					    \n\
1131 				goto err_out;				    \n\
1132 									    \n\
1133 			return obj;					    \n\
1134 		err_out:						    \n\
1135 			%1$s__destroy(obj);				    \n\
1136 			errno = -err;					    \n\
1137 			return NULL;					    \n\
1138 		}							    \n\
1139 									    \n\
1140 		static inline struct %1$s *				    \n\
1141 		%1$s__open(void)					    \n\
1142 		{							    \n\
1143 			return %1$s__open_opts(NULL);			    \n\
1144 		}							    \n\
1145 									    \n\
1146 		static inline int					    \n\
1147 		%1$s__load(struct %1$s *obj)				    \n\
1148 		{							    \n\
1149 			return bpf_object__load_skeleton(obj->skeleton);    \n\
1150 		}							    \n\
1151 									    \n\
1152 		static inline struct %1$s *				    \n\
1153 		%1$s__open_and_load(void)				    \n\
1154 		{							    \n\
1155 			struct %1$s *obj;				    \n\
1156 			int err;					    \n\
1157 									    \n\
1158 			obj = %1$s__open();				    \n\
1159 			if (!obj)					    \n\
1160 				return NULL;				    \n\
1161 			err = %1$s__load(obj);				    \n\
1162 			if (err) {					    \n\
1163 				%1$s__destroy(obj);			    \n\
1164 				errno = -err;				    \n\
1165 				return NULL;				    \n\
1166 			}						    \n\
1167 			return obj;					    \n\
1168 		}							    \n\
1169 									    \n\
1170 		static inline int					    \n\
1171 		%1$s__attach(struct %1$s *obj)				    \n\
1172 		{							    \n\
1173 			return bpf_object__attach_skeleton(obj->skeleton);  \n\
1174 		}							    \n\
1175 									    \n\
1176 		static inline void					    \n\
1177 		%1$s__detach(struct %1$s *obj)				    \n\
1178 		{							    \n\
1179 			bpf_object__detach_skeleton(obj->skeleton);	    \n\
1180 		}							    \n\
1181 		",
1182 		obj_name
1183 	);
1184 
1185 	codegen("\
1186 		\n\
1187 									    \n\
1188 		static inline const void *%1$s__elf_bytes(size_t *sz);	    \n\
1189 									    \n\
1190 		static inline int					    \n\
1191 		%1$s__create_skeleton(struct %1$s *obj)			    \n\
1192 		{							    \n\
1193 			struct bpf_object_skeleton *s;			    \n\
1194 			int err;					    \n\
1195 									    \n\
1196 			s = (struct bpf_object_skeleton *)calloc(1, sizeof(*s));\n\
1197 			if (!s)	{					    \n\
1198 				err = -ENOMEM;				    \n\
1199 				goto err;				    \n\
1200 			}						    \n\
1201 									    \n\
1202 			s->sz = sizeof(*s);				    \n\
1203 			s->name = \"%1$s\";				    \n\
1204 			s->obj = &obj->obj;				    \n\
1205 		",
1206 		obj_name
1207 	);
1208 
1209 	codegen_maps_skeleton(obj, map_cnt, true /*mmaped*/);
1210 	codegen_progs_skeleton(obj, prog_cnt, true /*populate_links*/);
1211 
1212 	codegen("\
1213 		\n\
1214 									    \n\
1215 			s->data = %1$s__elf_bytes(&s->data_sz);		    \n\
1216 									    \n\
1217 			obj->skeleton = s;				    \n\
1218 			return 0;					    \n\
1219 		err:							    \n\
1220 			bpf_object__destroy_skeleton(s);		    \n\
1221 			return err;					    \n\
1222 		}							    \n\
1223 									    \n\
1224 		static inline const void *%1$s__elf_bytes(size_t *sz)	    \n\
1225 		{							    \n\
1226 			static const char data[] __attribute__((__aligned__(8))) = \"\\\n\
1227 		",
1228 		obj_name
1229 	);
1230 
1231 	/* embed contents of BPF object file */
1232 	print_hex(obj_data, file_sz);
1233 
1234 	codegen("\
1235 		\n\
1236 		\";							    \n\
1237 									    \n\
1238 			*sz = sizeof(data) - 1;				    \n\
1239 			return (const void *)data;			    \n\
1240 		}							    \n\
1241 									    \n\
1242 		#ifdef __cplusplus					    \n\
1243 		struct %1$s *%1$s::open(const struct bpf_object_open_opts *opts) { return %1$s__open_opts(opts); }\n\
1244 		struct %1$s *%1$s::open_and_load() { return %1$s__open_and_load(); }	\n\
1245 		int %1$s::load(struct %1$s *skel) { return %1$s__load(skel); }		\n\
1246 		int %1$s::attach(struct %1$s *skel) { return %1$s__attach(skel); }	\n\
1247 		void %1$s::detach(struct %1$s *skel) { %1$s__detach(skel); }		\n\
1248 		void %1$s::destroy(struct %1$s *skel) { %1$s__destroy(skel); }		\n\
1249 		const void *%1$s::elf_bytes(size_t *sz) { return %1$s__elf_bytes(sz); } \n\
1250 		#endif /* __cplusplus */				    \n\
1251 									    \n\
1252 		",
1253 		obj_name);
1254 
1255 	codegen_asserts(obj, obj_name);
1256 
1257 	codegen("\
1258 		\n\
1259 									    \n\
1260 		#endif /* %1$s */					    \n\
1261 		",
1262 		header_guard);
1263 	err = 0;
1264 out:
1265 	bpf_object__close(obj);
1266 	if (obj_data)
1267 		munmap(obj_data, mmap_sz);
1268 	close(fd);
1269 	return err;
1270 }
1271 
1272 /* Subskeletons are like skeletons, except they don't own the bpf_object,
1273  * associated maps, links, etc. Instead, they know about the existence of
1274  * variables, maps, programs and are able to find their locations
1275  * _at runtime_ from an already loaded bpf_object.
1276  *
1277  * This allows for library-like BPF objects to have userspace counterparts
1278  * with access to their own items without having to know anything about the
1279  * final BPF object that the library was linked into.
1280  */
1281 static int do_subskeleton(int argc, char **argv)
1282 {
1283 	char header_guard[MAX_OBJ_NAME_LEN + sizeof("__SUBSKEL_H__")];
1284 	size_t i, len, file_sz, map_cnt = 0, prog_cnt = 0, mmap_sz, var_cnt = 0, var_idx = 0;
1285 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, opts);
1286 	char obj_name[MAX_OBJ_NAME_LEN] = "", *obj_data;
1287 	struct bpf_object *obj = NULL;
1288 	const char *file, *var_name;
1289 	char ident[256];
1290 	int fd, err = -1, map_type_id;
1291 	const struct bpf_map *map;
1292 	struct bpf_program *prog;
1293 	struct btf *btf;
1294 	const struct btf_type *map_type, *var_type;
1295 	const struct btf_var_secinfo *var;
1296 	struct stat st;
1297 
1298 	if (!REQ_ARGS(1)) {
1299 		usage();
1300 		return -1;
1301 	}
1302 	file = GET_ARG();
1303 
1304 	while (argc) {
1305 		if (!REQ_ARGS(2))
1306 			return -1;
1307 
1308 		if (is_prefix(*argv, "name")) {
1309 			NEXT_ARG();
1310 
1311 			if (obj_name[0] != '\0') {
1312 				p_err("object name already specified");
1313 				return -1;
1314 			}
1315 
1316 			strncpy(obj_name, *argv, MAX_OBJ_NAME_LEN - 1);
1317 			obj_name[MAX_OBJ_NAME_LEN - 1] = '\0';
1318 		} else {
1319 			p_err("unknown arg %s", *argv);
1320 			return -1;
1321 		}
1322 
1323 		NEXT_ARG();
1324 	}
1325 
1326 	if (argc) {
1327 		p_err("extra unknown arguments");
1328 		return -1;
1329 	}
1330 
1331 	if (use_loader) {
1332 		p_err("cannot use loader for subskeletons");
1333 		return -1;
1334 	}
1335 
1336 	if (stat(file, &st)) {
1337 		p_err("failed to stat() %s: %s", file, strerror(errno));
1338 		return -1;
1339 	}
1340 	file_sz = st.st_size;
1341 	mmap_sz = roundup(file_sz, sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE));
1342 	fd = open(file, O_RDONLY);
1343 	if (fd < 0) {
1344 		p_err("failed to open() %s: %s", file, strerror(errno));
1345 		return -1;
1346 	}
1347 	obj_data = mmap(NULL, mmap_sz, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
1348 	if (obj_data == MAP_FAILED) {
1349 		obj_data = NULL;
1350 		p_err("failed to mmap() %s: %s", file, strerror(errno));
1351 		goto out;
1352 	}
1353 	if (obj_name[0] == '\0')
1354 		get_obj_name(obj_name, file);
1355 
1356 	/* The empty object name allows us to use bpf_map__name and produce
1357 	 * ELF section names out of it. (".data" instead of "obj.data")
1358 	 */
1359 	opts.object_name = "";
1360 	obj = bpf_object__open_mem(obj_data, file_sz, &opts);
1361 	if (!obj) {
1362 		char err_buf[256];
1363 
1364 		libbpf_strerror(errno, err_buf, sizeof(err_buf));
1365 		p_err("failed to open BPF object file: %s", err_buf);
1366 		obj = NULL;
1367 		goto out;
1368 	}
1369 
1370 	btf = bpf_object__btf(obj);
1371 	if (!btf) {
1372 		err = -1;
1373 		p_err("need btf type information for %s", obj_name);
1374 		goto out;
1375 	}
1376 
1377 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
1378 		prog_cnt++;
1379 	}
1380 
1381 	/* First, count how many variables we have to find.
1382 	 * We need this in advance so the subskel can allocate the right
1383 	 * amount of storage.
1384 	 */
1385 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
1386 		if (!get_map_ident(map, ident, sizeof(ident)))
1387 			continue;
1388 
1389 		/* Also count all maps that have a name */
1390 		map_cnt++;
1391 
1392 		if (!is_internal_mmapable_map(map, ident, sizeof(ident)))
1393 			continue;
1394 
1395 		map_type_id = bpf_map__btf_value_type_id(map);
1396 		if (map_type_id <= 0) {
1397 			err = map_type_id;
1398 			goto out;
1399 		}
1400 		map_type = btf__type_by_id(btf, map_type_id);
1401 
1402 		var = btf_var_secinfos(map_type);
1403 		len = btf_vlen(map_type);
1404 		for (i = 0; i < len; i++, var++) {
1405 			var_type = btf__type_by_id(btf, var->type);
1406 
1407 			if (btf_var(var_type)->linkage == BTF_VAR_STATIC)
1408 				continue;
1409 
1410 			var_cnt++;
1411 		}
1412 	}
1413 
1414 	get_header_guard(header_guard, obj_name, "SUBSKEL_H");
1415 	codegen("\
1416 	\n\
1417 	/* SPDX-License-Identifier: (LGPL-2.1 OR BSD-2-Clause) */	    \n\
1418 									    \n\
1419 	/* THIS FILE IS AUTOGENERATED! */				    \n\
1420 	#ifndef %2$s							    \n\
1421 	#define %2$s							    \n\
1422 									    \n\
1423 	#include <errno.h>						    \n\
1424 	#include <stdlib.h>						    \n\
1425 	#include <bpf/libbpf.h>						    \n\
1426 									    \n\
1427 	struct %1$s {							    \n\
1428 		struct bpf_object *obj;					    \n\
1429 		struct bpf_object_subskeleton *subskel;			    \n\
1430 	", obj_name, header_guard);
1431 
1432 	if (map_cnt) {
1433 		printf("\tstruct {\n");
1434 		bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
1435 			if (!get_map_ident(map, ident, sizeof(ident)))
1436 				continue;
1437 			printf("\t\tstruct bpf_map *%s;\n", ident);
1438 		}
1439 		printf("\t} maps;\n");
1440 	}
1441 
1442 	if (prog_cnt) {
1443 		printf("\tstruct {\n");
1444 		bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
1445 			printf("\t\tstruct bpf_program *%s;\n",
1446 				bpf_program__name(prog));
1447 		}
1448 		printf("\t} progs;\n");
1449 	}
1450 
1451 	err = codegen_subskel_datasecs(obj, obj_name);
1452 	if (err)
1453 		goto out;
1454 
1455 	/* emit code that will allocate enough storage for all symbols */
1456 	codegen("\
1457 		\n\
1458 									    \n\
1459 		#ifdef __cplusplus					    \n\
1460 			static inline struct %1$s *open(const struct bpf_object *src);\n\
1461 			static inline void destroy(struct %1$s *skel);	    \n\
1462 		#endif /* __cplusplus */				    \n\
1463 		};							    \n\
1464 									    \n\
1465 		static inline void					    \n\
1466 		%1$s__destroy(struct %1$s *skel)			    \n\
1467 		{							    \n\
1468 			if (!skel)					    \n\
1469 				return;					    \n\
1470 			if (skel->subskel)				    \n\
1471 				bpf_object__destroy_subskeleton(skel->subskel);\n\
1472 			free(skel);					    \n\
1473 		}							    \n\
1474 									    \n\
1475 		static inline struct %1$s *				    \n\
1476 		%1$s__open(const struct bpf_object *src)		    \n\
1477 		{							    \n\
1478 			struct %1$s *obj;				    \n\
1479 			struct bpf_object_subskeleton *s;		    \n\
1480 			int err;					    \n\
1481 									    \n\
1482 			obj = (struct %1$s *)calloc(1, sizeof(*obj));	    \n\
1483 			if (!obj) {					    \n\
1484 				err = -ENOMEM;				    \n\
1485 				goto err;				    \n\
1486 			}						    \n\
1487 			s = (struct bpf_object_subskeleton *)calloc(1, sizeof(*s));\n\
1488 			if (!s) {					    \n\
1489 				err = -ENOMEM;				    \n\
1490 				goto err;				    \n\
1491 			}						    \n\
1492 			s->sz = sizeof(*s);				    \n\
1493 			s->obj = src;					    \n\
1494 			s->var_skel_sz = sizeof(*s->vars);		    \n\
1495 			obj->subskel = s;				    \n\
1496 									    \n\
1497 			/* vars */					    \n\
1498 			s->var_cnt = %2$d;				    \n\
1499 			s->vars = (struct bpf_var_skeleton *)calloc(%2$d, sizeof(*s->vars));\n\
1500 			if (!s->vars) {					    \n\
1501 				err = -ENOMEM;				    \n\
1502 				goto err;				    \n\
1503 			}						    \n\
1504 		",
1505 		obj_name, var_cnt
1506 	);
1507 
1508 	/* walk through each symbol and emit the runtime representation */
1509 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, obj) {
1510 		if (!is_internal_mmapable_map(map, ident, sizeof(ident)))
1511 			continue;
1512 
1513 		map_type_id = bpf_map__btf_value_type_id(map);
1514 		if (map_type_id <= 0)
1515 			/* skip over internal maps with no type*/
1516 			continue;
1517 
1518 		map_type = btf__type_by_id(btf, map_type_id);
1519 		var = btf_var_secinfos(map_type);
1520 		len = btf_vlen(map_type);
1521 		for (i = 0; i < len; i++, var++) {
1522 			var_type = btf__type_by_id(btf, var->type);
1523 			var_name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, var_type->name_off);
1524 
1525 			if (btf_var(var_type)->linkage == BTF_VAR_STATIC)
1526 				continue;
1527 
1528 			/* Note that we use the dot prefix in .data as the
1529 			 * field access operator i.e. maps%s becomes maps.data
1530 			 */
1531 			codegen("\
1532 			\n\
1533 									    \n\
1534 				s->vars[%3$d].name = \"%1$s\";		    \n\
1535 				s->vars[%3$d].map = &obj->maps.%2$s;	    \n\
1536 				s->vars[%3$d].addr = (void **) &obj->%2$s.%1$s;\n\
1537 			", var_name, ident, var_idx);
1538 
1539 			var_idx++;
1540 		}
1541 	}
1542 
1543 	codegen_maps_skeleton(obj, map_cnt, false /*mmaped*/);
1544 	codegen_progs_skeleton(obj, prog_cnt, false /*links*/);
1545 
1546 	codegen("\
1547 		\n\
1548 									    \n\
1549 			err = bpf_object__open_subskeleton(s);		    \n\
1550 			if (err)					    \n\
1551 				goto err;				    \n\
1552 									    \n\
1553 			return obj;					    \n\
1554 		err:							    \n\
1555 			%1$s__destroy(obj);				    \n\
1556 			errno = -err;					    \n\
1557 			return NULL;					    \n\
1558 		}							    \n\
1559 									    \n\
1560 		#ifdef __cplusplus					    \n\
1561 		struct %1$s *%1$s::open(const struct bpf_object *src) { return %1$s__open(src); }\n\
1562 		void %1$s::destroy(struct %1$s *skel) { %1$s__destroy(skel); }\n\
1563 		#endif /* __cplusplus */				    \n\
1564 									    \n\
1565 		#endif /* %2$s */					    \n\
1566 		",
1567 		obj_name, header_guard);
1568 	err = 0;
1569 out:
1570 	bpf_object__close(obj);
1571 	if (obj_data)
1572 		munmap(obj_data, mmap_sz);
1573 	close(fd);
1574 	return err;
1575 }
1576 
1577 static int do_object(int argc, char **argv)
1578 {
1579 	struct bpf_linker *linker;
1580 	const char *output_file, *file;
1581 	int err = 0;
1582 
1583 	if (!REQ_ARGS(2)) {
1584 		usage();
1585 		return -1;
1586 	}
1587 
1588 	output_file = GET_ARG();
1589 
1590 	linker = bpf_linker__new(output_file, NULL);
1591 	if (!linker) {
1592 		p_err("failed to create BPF linker instance");
1593 		return -1;
1594 	}
1595 
1596 	while (argc) {
1597 		file = GET_ARG();
1598 
1599 		err = bpf_linker__add_file(linker, file, NULL);
1600 		if (err) {
1601 			p_err("failed to link '%s': %s (%d)", file, strerror(errno), errno);
1602 			goto out;
1603 		}
1604 	}
1605 
1606 	err = bpf_linker__finalize(linker);
1607 	if (err) {
1608 		p_err("failed to finalize ELF file: %s (%d)", strerror(errno), errno);
1609 		goto out;
1610 	}
1611 
1612 	err = 0;
1613 out:
1614 	bpf_linker__free(linker);
1615 	return err;
1616 }
1617 
1618 static int do_help(int argc, char **argv)
1619 {
1620 	if (json_output) {
1621 		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
1622 		return 0;
1623 	}
1624 
1625 	fprintf(stderr,
1626 		"Usage: %1$s %2$s object OUTPUT_FILE INPUT_FILE [INPUT_FILE...]\n"
1627 		"       %1$s %2$s skeleton FILE [name OBJECT_NAME]\n"
1628 		"       %1$s %2$s subskeleton FILE [name OBJECT_NAME]\n"
1629 		"       %1$s %2$s min_core_btf INPUT OUTPUT OBJECT [OBJECT...]\n"
1630 		"       %1$s %2$s help\n"
1631 		"\n"
1632 		"       " HELP_SPEC_OPTIONS " |\n"
1633 		"                    {-L|--use-loader} }\n"
1634 		"",
1635 		bin_name, "gen");
1636 
1637 	return 0;
1638 }
1639 
1640 static int btf_save_raw(const struct btf *btf, const char *path)
1641 {
1642 	const void *data;
1643 	FILE *f = NULL;
1644 	__u32 data_sz;
1645 	int err = 0;
1646 
1647 	data = btf__raw_data(btf, &data_sz);
1648 	if (!data)
1649 		return -ENOMEM;
1650 
1651 	f = fopen(path, "wb");
1652 	if (!f)
1653 		return -errno;
1654 
1655 	if (fwrite(data, 1, data_sz, f) != data_sz)
1656 		err = -errno;
1657 
1658 	fclose(f);
1659 	return err;
1660 }
1661 
1662 struct btfgen_info {
1663 	struct btf *src_btf;
1664 	struct btf *marked_btf; /* btf structure used to mark used types */
1665 };
1666 
1667 static size_t btfgen_hash_fn(long key, void *ctx)
1668 {
1669 	return key;
1670 }
1671 
1672 static bool btfgen_equal_fn(long k1, long k2, void *ctx)
1673 {
1674 	return k1 == k2;
1675 }
1676 
1677 static void btfgen_free_info(struct btfgen_info *info)
1678 {
1679 	if (!info)
1680 		return;
1681 
1682 	btf__free(info->src_btf);
1683 	btf__free(info->marked_btf);
1684 
1685 	free(info);
1686 }
1687 
1688 static struct btfgen_info *
1689 btfgen_new_info(const char *targ_btf_path)
1690 {
1691 	struct btfgen_info *info;
1692 	int err;
1693 
1694 	info = calloc(1, sizeof(*info));
1695 	if (!info)
1696 		return NULL;
1697 
1698 	info->src_btf = btf__parse(targ_btf_path, NULL);
1699 	if (!info->src_btf) {
1700 		err = -errno;
1701 		p_err("failed parsing '%s' BTF file: %s", targ_btf_path, strerror(errno));
1702 		goto err_out;
1703 	}
1704 
1705 	info->marked_btf = btf__parse(targ_btf_path, NULL);
1706 	if (!info->marked_btf) {
1707 		err = -errno;
1708 		p_err("failed parsing '%s' BTF file: %s", targ_btf_path, strerror(errno));
1709 		goto err_out;
1710 	}
1711 
1712 	return info;
1713 
1714 err_out:
1715 	btfgen_free_info(info);
1716 	errno = -err;
1717 	return NULL;
1718 }
1719 
1720 #define MARKED UINT32_MAX
1721 
1722 static void btfgen_mark_member(struct btfgen_info *info, int type_id, int idx)
1723 {
1724 	const struct btf_type *t = btf__type_by_id(info->marked_btf, type_id);
1725 	struct btf_member *m = btf_members(t) + idx;
1726 
1727 	m->name_off = MARKED;
1728 }
1729 
1730 static int
1731 btfgen_mark_type(struct btfgen_info *info, unsigned int type_id, bool follow_pointers)
1732 {
1733 	const struct btf_type *btf_type = btf__type_by_id(info->src_btf, type_id);
1734 	struct btf_type *cloned_type;
1735 	struct btf_param *param;
1736 	struct btf_array *array;
1737 	int err, i;
1738 
1739 	if (type_id == 0)
1740 		return 0;
1741 
1742 	/* mark type on cloned BTF as used */
1743 	cloned_type = (struct btf_type *) btf__type_by_id(info->marked_btf, type_id);
1744 	cloned_type->name_off = MARKED;
1745 
1746 	/* recursively mark other types needed by it */
1747 	switch (btf_kind(btf_type)) {
1748 	case BTF_KIND_UNKN:
1749 	case BTF_KIND_INT:
1750 	case BTF_KIND_FLOAT:
1751 	case BTF_KIND_ENUM:
1752 	case BTF_KIND_ENUM64:
1753 	case BTF_KIND_STRUCT:
1754 	case BTF_KIND_UNION:
1755 		break;
1756 	case BTF_KIND_PTR:
1757 		if (follow_pointers) {
1758 			err = btfgen_mark_type(info, btf_type->type, follow_pointers);
1759 			if (err)
1760 				return err;
1761 		}
1762 		break;
1763 	case BTF_KIND_CONST:
1764 	case BTF_KIND_RESTRICT:
1765 	case BTF_KIND_VOLATILE:
1766 	case BTF_KIND_TYPEDEF:
1767 		err = btfgen_mark_type(info, btf_type->type, follow_pointers);
1768 		if (err)
1769 			return err;
1770 		break;
1771 	case BTF_KIND_ARRAY:
1772 		array = btf_array(btf_type);
1773 
1774 		/* mark array type */
1775 		err = btfgen_mark_type(info, array->type, follow_pointers);
1776 		/* mark array's index type */
1777 		err = err ? : btfgen_mark_type(info, array->index_type, follow_pointers);
1778 		if (err)
1779 			return err;
1780 		break;
1781 	case BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO:
1782 		/* mark ret type */
1783 		err = btfgen_mark_type(info, btf_type->type, follow_pointers);
1784 		if (err)
1785 			return err;
1786 
1787 		/* mark parameters types */
1788 		param = btf_params(btf_type);
1789 		for (i = 0; i < btf_vlen(btf_type); i++) {
1790 			err = btfgen_mark_type(info, param->type, follow_pointers);
1791 			if (err)
1792 				return err;
1793 			param++;
1794 		}
1795 		break;
1796 	/* tells if some other type needs to be handled */
1797 	default:
1798 		p_err("unsupported kind: %s (%d)", btf_kind_str(btf_type), type_id);
1799 		return -EINVAL;
1800 	}
1801 
1802 	return 0;
1803 }
1804 
1805 static int btfgen_record_field_relo(struct btfgen_info *info, struct bpf_core_spec *targ_spec)
1806 {
1807 	struct btf *btf = info->src_btf;
1808 	const struct btf_type *btf_type;
1809 	struct btf_member *btf_member;
1810 	struct btf_array *array;
1811 	unsigned int type_id = targ_spec->root_type_id;
1812 	int idx, err;
1813 
1814 	/* mark root type */
1815 	btf_type = btf__type_by_id(btf, type_id);
1816 	err = btfgen_mark_type(info, type_id, false);
1817 	if (err)
1818 		return err;
1819 
1820 	/* mark types for complex types (arrays, unions, structures) */
1821 	for (int i = 1; i < targ_spec->raw_len; i++) {
1822 		/* skip typedefs and mods */
1823 		while (btf_is_mod(btf_type) || btf_is_typedef(btf_type)) {
1824 			type_id = btf_type->type;
1825 			btf_type = btf__type_by_id(btf, type_id);
1826 		}
1827 
1828 		switch (btf_kind(btf_type)) {
1829 		case BTF_KIND_STRUCT:
1830 		case BTF_KIND_UNION:
1831 			idx = targ_spec->raw_spec[i];
1832 			btf_member = btf_members(btf_type) + idx;
1833 
1834 			/* mark member */
1835 			btfgen_mark_member(info, type_id, idx);
1836 
1837 			/* mark member's type */
1838 			type_id = btf_member->type;
1839 			btf_type = btf__type_by_id(btf, type_id);
1840 			err = btfgen_mark_type(info, type_id, false);
1841 			if (err)
1842 				return err;
1843 			break;
1844 		case BTF_KIND_ARRAY:
1845 			array = btf_array(btf_type);
1846 			type_id = array->type;
1847 			btf_type = btf__type_by_id(btf, type_id);
1848 			break;
1849 		default:
1850 			p_err("unsupported kind: %s (%d)",
1851 			      btf_kind_str(btf_type), btf_type->type);
1852 			return -EINVAL;
1853 		}
1854 	}
1855 
1856 	return 0;
1857 }
1858 
1859 /* Mark types, members, and member types. Compared to btfgen_record_field_relo,
1860  * this function does not rely on the target spec for inferring members, but
1861  * uses the associated BTF.
1862  *
1863  * The `behind_ptr` argument is used to stop marking of composite types reached
1864  * through a pointer. This way, we can keep BTF size in check while providing
1865  * reasonable match semantics.
1866  */
1867 static int btfgen_mark_type_match(struct btfgen_info *info, __u32 type_id, bool behind_ptr)
1868 {
1869 	const struct btf_type *btf_type;
1870 	struct btf *btf = info->src_btf;
1871 	struct btf_type *cloned_type;
1872 	int i, err;
1873 
1874 	if (type_id == 0)
1875 		return 0;
1876 
1877 	btf_type = btf__type_by_id(btf, type_id);
1878 	/* mark type on cloned BTF as used */
1879 	cloned_type = (struct btf_type *)btf__type_by_id(info->marked_btf, type_id);
1880 	cloned_type->name_off = MARKED;
1881 
1882 	switch (btf_kind(btf_type)) {
1883 	case BTF_KIND_UNKN:
1884 	case BTF_KIND_INT:
1885 	case BTF_KIND_FLOAT:
1886 	case BTF_KIND_ENUM:
1887 	case BTF_KIND_ENUM64:
1888 		break;
1889 	case BTF_KIND_STRUCT:
1890 	case BTF_KIND_UNION: {
1891 		struct btf_member *m = btf_members(btf_type);
1892 		__u16 vlen = btf_vlen(btf_type);
1893 
1894 		if (behind_ptr)
1895 			break;
1896 
1897 		for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++, m++) {
1898 			/* mark member */
1899 			btfgen_mark_member(info, type_id, i);
1900 
1901 			/* mark member's type */
1902 			err = btfgen_mark_type_match(info, m->type, false);
1903 			if (err)
1904 				return err;
1905 		}
1906 		break;
1907 	}
1908 	case BTF_KIND_CONST:
1909 	case BTF_KIND_FWD:
1910 	case BTF_KIND_RESTRICT:
1911 	case BTF_KIND_TYPEDEF:
1912 	case BTF_KIND_VOLATILE:
1913 		return btfgen_mark_type_match(info, btf_type->type, behind_ptr);
1914 	case BTF_KIND_PTR:
1915 		return btfgen_mark_type_match(info, btf_type->type, true);
1916 	case BTF_KIND_ARRAY: {
1917 		struct btf_array *array;
1918 
1919 		array = btf_array(btf_type);
1920 		/* mark array type */
1921 		err = btfgen_mark_type_match(info, array->type, false);
1922 		/* mark array's index type */
1923 		err = err ? : btfgen_mark_type_match(info, array->index_type, false);
1924 		if (err)
1925 			return err;
1926 		break;
1927 	}
1928 	case BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO: {
1929 		__u16 vlen = btf_vlen(btf_type);
1930 		struct btf_param *param;
1931 
1932 		/* mark ret type */
1933 		err = btfgen_mark_type_match(info, btf_type->type, false);
1934 		if (err)
1935 			return err;
1936 
1937 		/* mark parameters types */
1938 		param = btf_params(btf_type);
1939 		for (i = 0; i < vlen; i++) {
1940 			err = btfgen_mark_type_match(info, param->type, false);
1941 			if (err)
1942 				return err;
1943 			param++;
1944 		}
1945 		break;
1946 	}
1947 	/* tells if some other type needs to be handled */
1948 	default:
1949 		p_err("unsupported kind: %s (%d)", btf_kind_str(btf_type), type_id);
1950 		return -EINVAL;
1951 	}
1952 
1953 	return 0;
1954 }
1955 
1956 /* Mark types, members, and member types. Compared to btfgen_record_field_relo,
1957  * this function does not rely on the target spec for inferring members, but
1958  * uses the associated BTF.
1959  */
1960 static int btfgen_record_type_match_relo(struct btfgen_info *info, struct bpf_core_spec *targ_spec)
1961 {
1962 	return btfgen_mark_type_match(info, targ_spec->root_type_id, false);
1963 }
1964 
1965 static int btfgen_record_type_relo(struct btfgen_info *info, struct bpf_core_spec *targ_spec)
1966 {
1967 	return btfgen_mark_type(info, targ_spec->root_type_id, true);
1968 }
1969 
1970 static int btfgen_record_enumval_relo(struct btfgen_info *info, struct bpf_core_spec *targ_spec)
1971 {
1972 	return btfgen_mark_type(info, targ_spec->root_type_id, false);
1973 }
1974 
1975 static int btfgen_record_reloc(struct btfgen_info *info, struct bpf_core_spec *res)
1976 {
1977 	switch (res->relo_kind) {
1978 	case BPF_CORE_FIELD_BYTE_OFFSET:
1979 	case BPF_CORE_FIELD_BYTE_SIZE:
1980 	case BPF_CORE_FIELD_EXISTS:
1981 	case BPF_CORE_FIELD_SIGNED:
1982 	case BPF_CORE_FIELD_LSHIFT_U64:
1983 	case BPF_CORE_FIELD_RSHIFT_U64:
1984 		return btfgen_record_field_relo(info, res);
1985 	case BPF_CORE_TYPE_ID_LOCAL: /* BPF_CORE_TYPE_ID_LOCAL doesn't require kernel BTF */
1986 		return 0;
1987 	case BPF_CORE_TYPE_ID_TARGET:
1988 	case BPF_CORE_TYPE_EXISTS:
1989 	case BPF_CORE_TYPE_SIZE:
1990 		return btfgen_record_type_relo(info, res);
1991 	case BPF_CORE_TYPE_MATCHES:
1992 		return btfgen_record_type_match_relo(info, res);
1993 	case BPF_CORE_ENUMVAL_EXISTS:
1994 	case BPF_CORE_ENUMVAL_VALUE:
1995 		return btfgen_record_enumval_relo(info, res);
1996 	default:
1997 		return -EINVAL;
1998 	}
1999 }
2000 
2001 static struct bpf_core_cand_list *
2002 btfgen_find_cands(const struct btf *local_btf, const struct btf *targ_btf, __u32 local_id)
2003 {
2004 	const struct btf_type *local_type;
2005 	struct bpf_core_cand_list *cands = NULL;
2006 	struct bpf_core_cand local_cand = {};
2007 	size_t local_essent_len;
2008 	const char *local_name;
2009 	int err;
2010 
2011 	local_cand.btf = local_btf;
2012 	local_cand.id = local_id;
2013 
2014 	local_type = btf__type_by_id(local_btf, local_id);
2015 	if (!local_type) {
2016 		err = -EINVAL;
2017 		goto err_out;
2018 	}
2019 
2020 	local_name = btf__name_by_offset(local_btf, local_type->name_off);
2021 	if (!local_name) {
2022 		err = -EINVAL;
2023 		goto err_out;
2024 	}
2025 	local_essent_len = bpf_core_essential_name_len(local_name);
2026 
2027 	cands = calloc(1, sizeof(*cands));
2028 	if (!cands)
2029 		return NULL;
2030 
2031 	err = bpf_core_add_cands(&local_cand, local_essent_len, targ_btf, "vmlinux", 1, cands);
2032 	if (err)
2033 		goto err_out;
2034 
2035 	return cands;
2036 
2037 err_out:
2038 	bpf_core_free_cands(cands);
2039 	errno = -err;
2040 	return NULL;
2041 }
2042 
2043 /* Record relocation information for a single BPF object */
2044 static int btfgen_record_obj(struct btfgen_info *info, const char *obj_path)
2045 {
2046 	const struct btf_ext_info_sec *sec;
2047 	const struct bpf_core_relo *relo;
2048 	const struct btf_ext_info *seg;
2049 	struct hashmap_entry *entry;
2050 	struct hashmap *cand_cache = NULL;
2051 	struct btf_ext *btf_ext = NULL;
2052 	unsigned int relo_idx;
2053 	struct btf *btf = NULL;
2054 	size_t i;
2055 	int err;
2056 
2057 	btf = btf__parse(obj_path, &btf_ext);
2058 	if (!btf) {
2059 		err = -errno;
2060 		p_err("failed to parse BPF object '%s': %s", obj_path, strerror(errno));
2061 		return err;
2062 	}
2063 
2064 	if (!btf_ext) {
2065 		p_err("failed to parse BPF object '%s': section %s not found",
2066 		      obj_path, BTF_EXT_ELF_SEC);
2067 		err = -EINVAL;
2068 		goto out;
2069 	}
2070 
2071 	if (btf_ext->core_relo_info.len == 0) {
2072 		err = 0;
2073 		goto out;
2074 	}
2075 
2076 	cand_cache = hashmap__new(btfgen_hash_fn, btfgen_equal_fn, NULL);
2077 	if (IS_ERR(cand_cache)) {
2078 		err = PTR_ERR(cand_cache);
2079 		goto out;
2080 	}
2081 
2082 	seg = &btf_ext->core_relo_info;
2083 	for_each_btf_ext_sec(seg, sec) {
2084 		for_each_btf_ext_rec(seg, sec, relo_idx, relo) {
2085 			struct bpf_core_spec specs_scratch[3] = {};
2086 			struct bpf_core_relo_res targ_res = {};
2087 			struct bpf_core_cand_list *cands = NULL;
2088 			const char *sec_name = btf__name_by_offset(btf, sec->sec_name_off);
2089 
2090 			if (relo->kind != BPF_CORE_TYPE_ID_LOCAL &&
2091 			    !hashmap__find(cand_cache, relo->type_id, &cands)) {
2092 				cands = btfgen_find_cands(btf, info->src_btf, relo->type_id);
2093 				if (!cands) {
2094 					err = -errno;
2095 					goto out;
2096 				}
2097 
2098 				err = hashmap__set(cand_cache, relo->type_id, cands,
2099 						   NULL, NULL);
2100 				if (err)
2101 					goto out;
2102 			}
2103 
2104 			err = bpf_core_calc_relo_insn(sec_name, relo, relo_idx, btf, cands,
2105 						      specs_scratch, &targ_res);
2106 			if (err)
2107 				goto out;
2108 
2109 			/* specs_scratch[2] is the target spec */
2110 			err = btfgen_record_reloc(info, &specs_scratch[2]);
2111 			if (err)
2112 				goto out;
2113 		}
2114 	}
2115 
2116 out:
2117 	btf__free(btf);
2118 	btf_ext__free(btf_ext);
2119 
2120 	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(cand_cache)) {
2121 		hashmap__for_each_entry(cand_cache, entry, i) {
2122 			bpf_core_free_cands(entry->pvalue);
2123 		}
2124 		hashmap__free(cand_cache);
2125 	}
2126 
2127 	return err;
2128 }
2129 
2130 static int btfgen_remap_id(__u32 *type_id, void *ctx)
2131 {
2132 	unsigned int *ids = ctx;
2133 
2134 	*type_id = ids[*type_id];
2135 
2136 	return 0;
2137 }
2138 
2139 /* Generate BTF from relocation information previously recorded */
2140 static struct btf *btfgen_get_btf(struct btfgen_info *info)
2141 {
2142 	struct btf *btf_new = NULL;
2143 	unsigned int *ids = NULL;
2144 	unsigned int i, n = btf__type_cnt(info->marked_btf);
2145 	int err = 0;
2146 
2147 	btf_new = btf__new_empty();
2148 	if (!btf_new) {
2149 		err = -errno;
2150 		goto err_out;
2151 	}
2152 
2153 	ids = calloc(n, sizeof(*ids));
2154 	if (!ids) {
2155 		err = -errno;
2156 		goto err_out;
2157 	}
2158 
2159 	/* first pass: add all marked types to btf_new and add their new ids to the ids map */
2160 	for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2161 		const struct btf_type *cloned_type, *type;
2162 		const char *name;
2163 		int new_id;
2164 
2165 		cloned_type = btf__type_by_id(info->marked_btf, i);
2166 
2167 		if (cloned_type->name_off != MARKED)
2168 			continue;
2169 
2170 		type = btf__type_by_id(info->src_btf, i);
2171 
2172 		/* add members for struct and union */
2173 		if (btf_is_composite(type)) {
2174 			struct btf_member *cloned_m, *m;
2175 			unsigned short vlen;
2176 			int idx_src;
2177 
2178 			name = btf__str_by_offset(info->src_btf, type->name_off);
2179 
2180 			if (btf_is_struct(type))
2181 				err = btf__add_struct(btf_new, name, type->size);
2182 			else
2183 				err = btf__add_union(btf_new, name, type->size);
2184 
2185 			if (err < 0)
2186 				goto err_out;
2187 			new_id = err;
2188 
2189 			cloned_m = btf_members(cloned_type);
2190 			m = btf_members(type);
2191 			vlen = btf_vlen(cloned_type);
2192 			for (idx_src = 0; idx_src < vlen; idx_src++, cloned_m++, m++) {
2193 				/* add only members that are marked as used */
2194 				if (cloned_m->name_off != MARKED)
2195 					continue;
2196 
2197 				name = btf__str_by_offset(info->src_btf, m->name_off);
2198 				err = btf__add_field(btf_new, name, m->type,
2199 						     btf_member_bit_offset(cloned_type, idx_src),
2200 						     btf_member_bitfield_size(cloned_type, idx_src));
2201 				if (err < 0)
2202 					goto err_out;
2203 			}
2204 		} else {
2205 			err = btf__add_type(btf_new, info->src_btf, type);
2206 			if (err < 0)
2207 				goto err_out;
2208 			new_id = err;
2209 		}
2210 
2211 		/* add ID mapping */
2212 		ids[i] = new_id;
2213 	}
2214 
2215 	/* second pass: fix up type ids */
2216 	for (i = 1; i < btf__type_cnt(btf_new); i++) {
2217 		struct btf_type *btf_type = (struct btf_type *) btf__type_by_id(btf_new, i);
2218 
2219 		err = btf_type_visit_type_ids(btf_type, btfgen_remap_id, ids);
2220 		if (err)
2221 			goto err_out;
2222 	}
2223 
2224 	free(ids);
2225 	return btf_new;
2226 
2227 err_out:
2228 	btf__free(btf_new);
2229 	free(ids);
2230 	errno = -err;
2231 	return NULL;
2232 }
2233 
2234 /* Create minimized BTF file for a set of BPF objects.
2235  *
2236  * The BTFGen algorithm is divided in two main parts: (1) collect the
2237  * BTF types that are involved in relocations and (2) generate the BTF
2238  * object using the collected types.
2239  *
2240  * In order to collect the types involved in the relocations, we parse
2241  * the BTF and BTF.ext sections of the BPF objects and use
2242  * bpf_core_calc_relo_insn() to get the target specification, this
2243  * indicates how the types and fields are used in a relocation.
2244  *
2245  * Types are recorded in different ways according to the kind of the
2246  * relocation. For field-based relocations only the members that are
2247  * actually used are saved in order to reduce the size of the generated
2248  * BTF file. For type-based relocations empty struct / unions are
2249  * generated and for enum-based relocations the whole type is saved.
2250  *
2251  * The second part of the algorithm generates the BTF object. It creates
2252  * an empty BTF object and fills it with the types recorded in the
2253  * previous step. This function takes care of only adding the structure
2254  * and union members that were marked as used and it also fixes up the
2255  * type IDs on the generated BTF object.
2256  */
2257 static int minimize_btf(const char *src_btf, const char *dst_btf, const char *objspaths[])
2258 {
2259 	struct btfgen_info *info;
2260 	struct btf *btf_new = NULL;
2261 	int err, i;
2262 
2263 	info = btfgen_new_info(src_btf);
2264 	if (!info) {
2265 		err = -errno;
2266 		p_err("failed to allocate info structure: %s", strerror(errno));
2267 		goto out;
2268 	}
2269 
2270 	for (i = 0; objspaths[i] != NULL; i++) {
2271 		err = btfgen_record_obj(info, objspaths[i]);
2272 		if (err) {
2273 			p_err("error recording relocations for %s: %s", objspaths[i],
2274 			      strerror(errno));
2275 			goto out;
2276 		}
2277 	}
2278 
2279 	btf_new = btfgen_get_btf(info);
2280 	if (!btf_new) {
2281 		err = -errno;
2282 		p_err("error generating BTF: %s", strerror(errno));
2283 		goto out;
2284 	}
2285 
2286 	err = btf_save_raw(btf_new, dst_btf);
2287 	if (err) {
2288 		p_err("error saving btf file: %s", strerror(errno));
2289 		goto out;
2290 	}
2291 
2292 out:
2293 	btf__free(btf_new);
2294 	btfgen_free_info(info);
2295 
2296 	return err;
2297 }
2298 
2299 static int do_min_core_btf(int argc, char **argv)
2300 {
2301 	const char *input, *output, **objs;
2302 	int i, err;
2303 
2304 	if (!REQ_ARGS(3)) {
2305 		usage();
2306 		return -1;
2307 	}
2308 
2309 	input = GET_ARG();
2310 	output = GET_ARG();
2311 
2312 	objs = (const char **) calloc(argc + 1, sizeof(*objs));
2313 	if (!objs) {
2314 		p_err("failed to allocate array for object names");
2315 		return -ENOMEM;
2316 	}
2317 
2318 	i = 0;
2319 	while (argc)
2320 		objs[i++] = GET_ARG();
2321 
2322 	err = minimize_btf(input, output, objs);
2323 	free(objs);
2324 	return err;
2325 }
2326 
2327 static const struct cmd cmds[] = {
2328 	{ "object",		do_object },
2329 	{ "skeleton",		do_skeleton },
2330 	{ "subskeleton",	do_subskeleton },
2331 	{ "min_core_btf",	do_min_core_btf},
2332 	{ "help",		do_help },
2333 	{ 0 }
2334 };
2335 
2336 int do_gen(int argc, char **argv)
2337 {
2338 	return cmd_select(cmds, argc, argv, do_help);
2339 }
2340