xref: /linux/security/safesetid/lsm.c (revision 1553a1c48281243359a9529a10ddb551f3b967ab)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 /*
3  * SafeSetID Linux Security Module
4  *
5  * Author: Micah Morton <mortonm@chromium.org>
6  *
7  * Copyright (C) 2018 The Chromium OS Authors.
8  *
9  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
10  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2, as
11  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
12  *
13  */
14 
15 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "SafeSetID: " fmt
16 
17 #include <linux/lsm_hooks.h>
18 #include <linux/module.h>
19 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
20 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
21 #include <linux/security.h>
22 #include <uapi/linux/lsm.h>
23 #include "lsm.h"
24 
25 /* Flag indicating whether initialization completed */
26 int safesetid_initialized __initdata;
27 
28 struct setid_ruleset __rcu *safesetid_setuid_rules;
29 struct setid_ruleset __rcu *safesetid_setgid_rules;
30 
31 
32 /* Compute a decision for a transition from @src to @dst under @policy. */
33 enum sid_policy_type _setid_policy_lookup(struct setid_ruleset *policy,
34 		kid_t src, kid_t dst)
35 {
36 	struct setid_rule *rule;
37 	enum sid_policy_type result = SIDPOL_DEFAULT;
38 
39 	if (policy->type == UID) {
40 		hash_for_each_possible(policy->rules, rule, next, __kuid_val(src.uid)) {
41 			if (!uid_eq(rule->src_id.uid, src.uid))
42 				continue;
43 			if (uid_eq(rule->dst_id.uid, dst.uid))
44 				return SIDPOL_ALLOWED;
45 			result = SIDPOL_CONSTRAINED;
46 		}
47 	} else if (policy->type == GID) {
48 		hash_for_each_possible(policy->rules, rule, next, __kgid_val(src.gid)) {
49 			if (!gid_eq(rule->src_id.gid, src.gid))
50 				continue;
51 			if (gid_eq(rule->dst_id.gid, dst.gid)){
52 				return SIDPOL_ALLOWED;
53 			}
54 			result = SIDPOL_CONSTRAINED;
55 		}
56 	} else {
57 		/* Should not reach here, report the ID as contrainsted */
58 		result = SIDPOL_CONSTRAINED;
59 	}
60 	return result;
61 }
62 
63 /*
64  * Compute a decision for a transition from @src to @dst under the active
65  * policy.
66  */
67 static enum sid_policy_type setid_policy_lookup(kid_t src, kid_t dst, enum setid_type new_type)
68 {
69 	enum sid_policy_type result = SIDPOL_DEFAULT;
70 	struct setid_ruleset *pol;
71 
72 	rcu_read_lock();
73 	if (new_type == UID)
74 		pol = rcu_dereference(safesetid_setuid_rules);
75 	else if (new_type == GID)
76 		pol = rcu_dereference(safesetid_setgid_rules);
77 	else { /* Should not reach here */
78 		result = SIDPOL_CONSTRAINED;
79 		rcu_read_unlock();
80 		return result;
81 	}
82 
83 	if (pol) {
84 		pol->type = new_type;
85 		result = _setid_policy_lookup(pol, src, dst);
86 	}
87 	rcu_read_unlock();
88 	return result;
89 }
90 
91 static int safesetid_security_capable(const struct cred *cred,
92 				      struct user_namespace *ns,
93 				      int cap,
94 				      unsigned int opts)
95 {
96 	/* We're only interested in CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID. */
97 	if (cap != CAP_SETUID && cap != CAP_SETGID)
98 		return 0;
99 
100 	/*
101 	 * If CAP_SET{U/G}ID is currently used for a setid or setgroups syscall, we
102 	 * want to let it go through here; the real security check happens later, in
103 	 * the task_fix_set{u/g}id or task_fix_setgroups hooks.
104 	 */
105 	if ((opts & CAP_OPT_INSETID) != 0)
106 		return 0;
107 
108 	switch (cap) {
109 	case CAP_SETUID:
110 		/*
111 		* If no policy applies to this task, allow the use of CAP_SETUID for
112 		* other purposes.
113 		*/
114 		if (setid_policy_lookup((kid_t){.uid = cred->uid}, INVALID_ID, UID) == SIDPOL_DEFAULT)
115 			return 0;
116 		/*
117 		 * Reject use of CAP_SETUID for functionality other than calling
118 		 * set*uid() (e.g. setting up userns uid mappings).
119 		 */
120 		pr_warn("Operation requires CAP_SETUID, which is not available to UID %u for operations besides approved set*uid transitions\n",
121 			__kuid_val(cred->uid));
122 		return -EPERM;
123 	case CAP_SETGID:
124 		/*
125 		* If no policy applies to this task, allow the use of CAP_SETGID for
126 		* other purposes.
127 		*/
128 		if (setid_policy_lookup((kid_t){.gid = cred->gid}, INVALID_ID, GID) == SIDPOL_DEFAULT)
129 			return 0;
130 		/*
131 		 * Reject use of CAP_SETUID for functionality other than calling
132 		 * set*gid() (e.g. setting up userns gid mappings).
133 		 */
134 		pr_warn("Operation requires CAP_SETGID, which is not available to GID %u for operations besides approved set*gid transitions\n",
135 			__kgid_val(cred->gid));
136 		return -EPERM;
137 	default:
138 		/* Error, the only capabilities were checking for is CAP_SETUID/GID */
139 		return 0;
140 	}
141 	return 0;
142 }
143 
144 /*
145  * Check whether a caller with old credentials @old is allowed to switch to
146  * credentials that contain @new_id.
147  */
148 static bool id_permitted_for_cred(const struct cred *old, kid_t new_id, enum setid_type new_type)
149 {
150 	bool permitted;
151 
152 	/* If our old creds already had this ID in it, it's fine. */
153 	if (new_type == UID) {
154 		if (uid_eq(new_id.uid, old->uid) || uid_eq(new_id.uid, old->euid) ||
155 			uid_eq(new_id.uid, old->suid))
156 			return true;
157 	} else if (new_type == GID){
158 		if (gid_eq(new_id.gid, old->gid) || gid_eq(new_id.gid, old->egid) ||
159 			gid_eq(new_id.gid, old->sgid))
160 			return true;
161 	} else /* Error, new_type is an invalid type */
162 		return false;
163 
164 	/*
165 	 * Transitions to new UIDs require a check against the policy of the old
166 	 * RUID.
167 	 */
168 	permitted =
169 	    setid_policy_lookup((kid_t){.uid = old->uid}, new_id, new_type) != SIDPOL_CONSTRAINED;
170 
171 	if (!permitted) {
172 		if (new_type == UID) {
173 			pr_warn("UID transition ((%d,%d,%d) -> %d) blocked\n",
174 				__kuid_val(old->uid), __kuid_val(old->euid),
175 				__kuid_val(old->suid), __kuid_val(new_id.uid));
176 		} else if (new_type == GID) {
177 			pr_warn("GID transition ((%d,%d,%d) -> %d) blocked\n",
178 				__kgid_val(old->gid), __kgid_val(old->egid),
179 				__kgid_val(old->sgid), __kgid_val(new_id.gid));
180 		} else /* Error, new_type is an invalid type */
181 			return false;
182 	}
183 	return permitted;
184 }
185 
186 /*
187  * Check whether there is either an exception for user under old cred struct to
188  * set*uid to user under new cred struct, or the UID transition is allowed (by
189  * Linux set*uid rules) even without CAP_SETUID.
190  */
191 static int safesetid_task_fix_setuid(struct cred *new,
192 				     const struct cred *old,
193 				     int flags)
194 {
195 
196 	/* Do nothing if there are no setuid restrictions for our old RUID. */
197 	if (setid_policy_lookup((kid_t){.uid = old->uid}, INVALID_ID, UID) == SIDPOL_DEFAULT)
198 		return 0;
199 
200 	if (id_permitted_for_cred(old, (kid_t){.uid = new->uid}, UID) &&
201 	    id_permitted_for_cred(old, (kid_t){.uid = new->euid}, UID) &&
202 	    id_permitted_for_cred(old, (kid_t){.uid = new->suid}, UID) &&
203 	    id_permitted_for_cred(old, (kid_t){.uid = new->fsuid}, UID))
204 		return 0;
205 
206 	/*
207 	 * Kill this process to avoid potential security vulnerabilities
208 	 * that could arise from a missing allowlist entry preventing a
209 	 * privileged process from dropping to a lesser-privileged one.
210 	 */
211 	force_sig(SIGKILL);
212 	return -EACCES;
213 }
214 
215 static int safesetid_task_fix_setgid(struct cred *new,
216 				     const struct cred *old,
217 				     int flags)
218 {
219 
220 	/* Do nothing if there are no setgid restrictions for our old RGID. */
221 	if (setid_policy_lookup((kid_t){.gid = old->gid}, INVALID_ID, GID) == SIDPOL_DEFAULT)
222 		return 0;
223 
224 	if (id_permitted_for_cred(old, (kid_t){.gid = new->gid}, GID) &&
225 	    id_permitted_for_cred(old, (kid_t){.gid = new->egid}, GID) &&
226 	    id_permitted_for_cred(old, (kid_t){.gid = new->sgid}, GID) &&
227 	    id_permitted_for_cred(old, (kid_t){.gid = new->fsgid}, GID))
228 		return 0;
229 
230 	/*
231 	 * Kill this process to avoid potential security vulnerabilities
232 	 * that could arise from a missing allowlist entry preventing a
233 	 * privileged process from dropping to a lesser-privileged one.
234 	 */
235 	force_sig(SIGKILL);
236 	return -EACCES;
237 }
238 
239 static int safesetid_task_fix_setgroups(struct cred *new, const struct cred *old)
240 {
241 	int i;
242 
243 	/* Do nothing if there are no setgid restrictions for our old RGID. */
244 	if (setid_policy_lookup((kid_t){.gid = old->gid}, INVALID_ID, GID) == SIDPOL_DEFAULT)
245 		return 0;
246 
247 	get_group_info(new->group_info);
248 	for (i = 0; i < new->group_info->ngroups; i++) {
249 		if (!id_permitted_for_cred(old, (kid_t){.gid = new->group_info->gid[i]}, GID)) {
250 			put_group_info(new->group_info);
251 			/*
252 			 * Kill this process to avoid potential security vulnerabilities
253 			 * that could arise from a missing allowlist entry preventing a
254 			 * privileged process from dropping to a lesser-privileged one.
255 			 */
256 			force_sig(SIGKILL);
257 			return -EACCES;
258 		}
259 	}
260 
261 	put_group_info(new->group_info);
262 	return 0;
263 }
264 
265 static const struct lsm_id safesetid_lsmid = {
266 	.name = "safesetid",
267 	.id = LSM_ID_SAFESETID,
268 };
269 
270 static struct security_hook_list safesetid_security_hooks[] = {
271 	LSM_HOOK_INIT(task_fix_setuid, safesetid_task_fix_setuid),
272 	LSM_HOOK_INIT(task_fix_setgid, safesetid_task_fix_setgid),
273 	LSM_HOOK_INIT(task_fix_setgroups, safesetid_task_fix_setgroups),
274 	LSM_HOOK_INIT(capable, safesetid_security_capable)
275 };
276 
277 static int __init safesetid_security_init(void)
278 {
279 	security_add_hooks(safesetid_security_hooks,
280 			   ARRAY_SIZE(safesetid_security_hooks),
281 			   &safesetid_lsmid);
282 
283 	/* Report that SafeSetID successfully initialized */
284 	safesetid_initialized = 1;
285 
286 	return 0;
287 }
288 
289 DEFINE_LSM(safesetid_security_init) = {
290 	.init = safesetid_security_init,
291 	.name = "safesetid",
292 };
293