xref: /linux/security/landlock/ruleset.h (revision 0678df8271820bcf8fb4f877129f05d68a237de4)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
2 /*
3  * Landlock LSM - Ruleset management
4  *
5  * Copyright © 2016-2020 Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net>
6  * Copyright © 2018-2020 ANSSI
7  */
8 
9 #ifndef _SECURITY_LANDLOCK_RULESET_H
10 #define _SECURITY_LANDLOCK_RULESET_H
11 
12 #include <linux/bitops.h>
13 #include <linux/build_bug.h>
14 #include <linux/mutex.h>
15 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
16 #include <linux/refcount.h>
17 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
18 #include <uapi/linux/landlock.h>
19 
20 #include "limits.h"
21 #include "object.h"
22 
23 /*
24  * All access rights that are denied by default whether they are handled or not
25  * by a ruleset/layer.  This must be ORed with all ruleset->access_masks[]
26  * entries when we need to get the absolute handled access masks.
27  */
28 /* clang-format off */
29 #define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_INITIALLY_DENIED ( \
30 	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REFER)
31 /* clang-format on */
32 
33 typedef u16 access_mask_t;
34 /* Makes sure all filesystem access rights can be stored. */
35 static_assert(BITS_PER_TYPE(access_mask_t) >= LANDLOCK_NUM_ACCESS_FS);
36 /* Makes sure all network access rights can be stored. */
37 static_assert(BITS_PER_TYPE(access_mask_t) >= LANDLOCK_NUM_ACCESS_NET);
38 /* Makes sure for_each_set_bit() and for_each_clear_bit() calls are OK. */
39 static_assert(sizeof(unsigned long) >= sizeof(access_mask_t));
40 
41 /* Ruleset access masks. */
42 typedef u32 access_masks_t;
43 /* Makes sure all ruleset access rights can be stored. */
44 static_assert(BITS_PER_TYPE(access_masks_t) >=
45 	      LANDLOCK_NUM_ACCESS_FS + LANDLOCK_NUM_ACCESS_NET);
46 
47 typedef u16 layer_mask_t;
48 /* Makes sure all layers can be checked. */
49 static_assert(BITS_PER_TYPE(layer_mask_t) >= LANDLOCK_MAX_NUM_LAYERS);
50 
51 /**
52  * struct landlock_layer - Access rights for a given layer
53  */
54 struct landlock_layer {
55 	/**
56 	 * @level: Position of this layer in the layer stack.
57 	 */
58 	u16 level;
59 	/**
60 	 * @access: Bitfield of allowed actions on the kernel object.  They are
61 	 * relative to the object type (e.g. %LANDLOCK_ACTION_FS_READ).
62 	 */
63 	access_mask_t access;
64 };
65 
66 /**
67  * union landlock_key - Key of a ruleset's red-black tree
68  */
69 union landlock_key {
70 	/**
71 	 * @object: Pointer to identify a kernel object (e.g. an inode).
72 	 */
73 	struct landlock_object *object;
74 	/**
75 	 * @data: Raw data to identify an arbitrary 32-bit value
76 	 * (e.g. a TCP port).
77 	 */
78 	uintptr_t data;
79 };
80 
81 /**
82  * enum landlock_key_type - Type of &union landlock_key
83  */
84 enum landlock_key_type {
85 	/**
86 	 * @LANDLOCK_KEY_INODE: Type of &landlock_ruleset.root_inode's node
87 	 * keys.
88 	 */
89 	LANDLOCK_KEY_INODE = 1,
90 	/**
91 	 * @LANDLOCK_KEY_NET_PORT: Type of &landlock_ruleset.root_net_port's
92 	 * node keys.
93 	 */
94 	LANDLOCK_KEY_NET_PORT,
95 };
96 
97 /**
98  * struct landlock_id - Unique rule identifier for a ruleset
99  */
100 struct landlock_id {
101 	/**
102 	 * @key: Identifies either a kernel object (e.g. an inode) or
103 	 * a raw value (e.g. a TCP port).
104 	 */
105 	union landlock_key key;
106 	/**
107 	 * @type: Type of a landlock_ruleset's root tree.
108 	 */
109 	const enum landlock_key_type type;
110 };
111 
112 /**
113  * struct landlock_rule - Access rights tied to an object
114  */
115 struct landlock_rule {
116 	/**
117 	 * @node: Node in the ruleset's red-black tree.
118 	 */
119 	struct rb_node node;
120 	/**
121 	 * @key: A union to identify either a kernel object (e.g. an inode) or
122 	 * a raw data value (e.g. a network socket port). This is used as a key
123 	 * for this ruleset element.  The pointer is set once and never
124 	 * modified.  It always points to an allocated object because each rule
125 	 * increments the refcount of its object.
126 	 */
127 	union landlock_key key;
128 	/**
129 	 * @num_layers: Number of entries in @layers.
130 	 */
131 	u32 num_layers;
132 	/**
133 	 * @layers: Stack of layers, from the latest to the newest, implemented
134 	 * as a flexible array member (FAM).
135 	 */
136 	struct landlock_layer layers[] __counted_by(num_layers);
137 };
138 
139 /**
140  * struct landlock_hierarchy - Node in a ruleset hierarchy
141  */
142 struct landlock_hierarchy {
143 	/**
144 	 * @parent: Pointer to the parent node, or NULL if it is a root
145 	 * Landlock domain.
146 	 */
147 	struct landlock_hierarchy *parent;
148 	/**
149 	 * @usage: Number of potential children domains plus their parent
150 	 * domain.
151 	 */
152 	refcount_t usage;
153 };
154 
155 /**
156  * struct landlock_ruleset - Landlock ruleset
157  *
158  * This data structure must contain unique entries, be updatable, and quick to
159  * match an object.
160  */
161 struct landlock_ruleset {
162 	/**
163 	 * @root_inode: Root of a red-black tree containing &struct
164 	 * landlock_rule nodes with inode object.  Once a ruleset is tied to a
165 	 * process (i.e. as a domain), this tree is immutable until @usage
166 	 * reaches zero.
167 	 */
168 	struct rb_root root_inode;
169 
170 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INET)
171 	/**
172 	 * @root_net_port: Root of a red-black tree containing &struct
173 	 * landlock_rule nodes with network port. Once a ruleset is tied to a
174 	 * process (i.e. as a domain), this tree is immutable until @usage
175 	 * reaches zero.
176 	 */
177 	struct rb_root root_net_port;
178 #endif /* IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INET) */
179 
180 	/**
181 	 * @hierarchy: Enables hierarchy identification even when a parent
182 	 * domain vanishes.  This is needed for the ptrace protection.
183 	 */
184 	struct landlock_hierarchy *hierarchy;
185 	union {
186 		/**
187 		 * @work_free: Enables to free a ruleset within a lockless
188 		 * section.  This is only used by
189 		 * landlock_put_ruleset_deferred() when @usage reaches zero.
190 		 * The fields @lock, @usage, @num_rules, @num_layers and
191 		 * @access_masks are then unused.
192 		 */
193 		struct work_struct work_free;
194 		struct {
195 			/**
196 			 * @lock: Protects against concurrent modifications of
197 			 * @root, if @usage is greater than zero.
198 			 */
199 			struct mutex lock;
200 			/**
201 			 * @usage: Number of processes (i.e. domains) or file
202 			 * descriptors referencing this ruleset.
203 			 */
204 			refcount_t usage;
205 			/**
206 			 * @num_rules: Number of non-overlapping (i.e. not for
207 			 * the same object) rules in this ruleset.
208 			 */
209 			u32 num_rules;
210 			/**
211 			 * @num_layers: Number of layers that are used in this
212 			 * ruleset.  This enables to check that all the layers
213 			 * allow an access request.  A value of 0 identifies a
214 			 * non-merged ruleset (i.e. not a domain).
215 			 */
216 			u32 num_layers;
217 			/**
218 			 * @access_masks: Contains the subset of filesystem and
219 			 * network actions that are restricted by a ruleset.
220 			 * A domain saves all layers of merged rulesets in a
221 			 * stack (FAM), starting from the first layer to the
222 			 * last one.  These layers are used when merging
223 			 * rulesets, for user space backward compatibility
224 			 * (i.e. future-proof), and to properly handle merged
225 			 * rulesets without overlapping access rights.  These
226 			 * layers are set once and never changed for the
227 			 * lifetime of the ruleset.
228 			 */
229 			access_masks_t access_masks[];
230 		};
231 	};
232 };
233 
234 struct landlock_ruleset *
235 landlock_create_ruleset(const access_mask_t access_mask_fs,
236 			const access_mask_t access_mask_net);
237 
238 void landlock_put_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset);
239 void landlock_put_ruleset_deferred(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset);
240 
241 int landlock_insert_rule(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset,
242 			 const struct landlock_id id,
243 			 const access_mask_t access);
244 
245 struct landlock_ruleset *
246 landlock_merge_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const parent,
247 		       struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset);
248 
249 const struct landlock_rule *
250 landlock_find_rule(const struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset,
251 		   const struct landlock_id id);
252 
253 static inline void landlock_get_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset)
254 {
255 	if (ruleset)
256 		refcount_inc(&ruleset->usage);
257 }
258 
259 static inline void
260 landlock_add_fs_access_mask(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset,
261 			    const access_mask_t fs_access_mask,
262 			    const u16 layer_level)
263 {
264 	access_mask_t fs_mask = fs_access_mask & LANDLOCK_MASK_ACCESS_FS;
265 
266 	/* Should already be checked in sys_landlock_create_ruleset(). */
267 	WARN_ON_ONCE(fs_access_mask != fs_mask);
268 	ruleset->access_masks[layer_level] |=
269 		(fs_mask << LANDLOCK_SHIFT_ACCESS_FS);
270 }
271 
272 static inline void
273 landlock_add_net_access_mask(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset,
274 			     const access_mask_t net_access_mask,
275 			     const u16 layer_level)
276 {
277 	access_mask_t net_mask = net_access_mask & LANDLOCK_MASK_ACCESS_NET;
278 
279 	/* Should already be checked in sys_landlock_create_ruleset(). */
280 	WARN_ON_ONCE(net_access_mask != net_mask);
281 	ruleset->access_masks[layer_level] |=
282 		(net_mask << LANDLOCK_SHIFT_ACCESS_NET);
283 }
284 
285 static inline access_mask_t
286 landlock_get_raw_fs_access_mask(const struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset,
287 				const u16 layer_level)
288 {
289 	return (ruleset->access_masks[layer_level] >>
290 		LANDLOCK_SHIFT_ACCESS_FS) &
291 	       LANDLOCK_MASK_ACCESS_FS;
292 }
293 
294 static inline access_mask_t
295 landlock_get_fs_access_mask(const struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset,
296 			    const u16 layer_level)
297 {
298 	/* Handles all initially denied by default access rights. */
299 	return landlock_get_raw_fs_access_mask(ruleset, layer_level) |
300 	       LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_INITIALLY_DENIED;
301 }
302 
303 static inline access_mask_t
304 landlock_get_net_access_mask(const struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset,
305 			     const u16 layer_level)
306 {
307 	return (ruleset->access_masks[layer_level] >>
308 		LANDLOCK_SHIFT_ACCESS_NET) &
309 	       LANDLOCK_MASK_ACCESS_NET;
310 }
311 
312 bool landlock_unmask_layers(const struct landlock_rule *const rule,
313 			    const access_mask_t access_request,
314 			    layer_mask_t (*const layer_masks)[],
315 			    const size_t masks_array_size);
316 
317 access_mask_t
318 landlock_init_layer_masks(const struct landlock_ruleset *const domain,
319 			  const access_mask_t access_request,
320 			  layer_mask_t (*const layer_masks)[],
321 			  const enum landlock_key_type key_type);
322 
323 #endif /* _SECURITY_LANDLOCK_RULESET_H */
324