xref: /linux/rust/macros/lib.rs (revision 8d3f50795ac2857b0c2fd43558e078650d58d750)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 
3 //! Crate for all kernel procedural macros.
4 
5 // When fixdep scans this, it will find this string `CONFIG_RUSTC_VERSION_TEXT`
6 // and thus add a dependency on `include/config/RUSTC_VERSION_TEXT`, which is
7 // touched by Kconfig when the version string from the compiler changes.
8 
9 #[macro_use]
10 mod quote;
11 mod concat_idents;
12 mod helpers;
13 mod module;
14 mod paste;
15 mod pin_data;
16 mod pinned_drop;
17 mod vtable;
18 mod zeroable;
19 
20 use proc_macro::TokenStream;
21 
22 /// Declares a kernel module.
23 ///
24 /// The `type` argument should be a type which implements the [`Module`]
25 /// trait. Also accepts various forms of kernel metadata.
26 ///
27 /// C header: [`include/linux/moduleparam.h`](srctree/include/linux/moduleparam.h)
28 ///
29 /// [`Module`]: ../kernel/trait.Module.html
30 ///
31 /// # Examples
32 ///
33 /// ```
34 /// use kernel::prelude::*;
35 ///
36 /// module!{
37 ///     type: MyModule,
38 ///     name: "my_kernel_module",
39 ///     author: "Rust for Linux Contributors",
40 ///     description: "My very own kernel module!",
41 ///     license: "GPL",
42 ///     alias: ["alternate_module_name"],
43 /// }
44 ///
45 /// struct MyModule(i32);
46 ///
47 /// impl kernel::Module for MyModule {
48 ///     fn init(_module: &'static ThisModule) -> Result<Self> {
49 ///         let foo: i32 = 42;
50 ///         pr_info!("I contain:  {}\n", foo);
51 ///         Ok(Self(foo))
52 ///     }
53 /// }
54 /// # fn main() {}
55 /// ```
56 ///
57 /// ## Firmware
58 ///
59 /// The following example shows how to declare a kernel module that needs
60 /// to load binary firmware files. You need to specify the file names of
61 /// the firmware in the `firmware` field. The information is embedded
62 /// in the `modinfo` section of the kernel module. For example, a tool to
63 /// build an initramfs uses this information to put the firmware files into
64 /// the initramfs image.
65 ///
66 /// ```
67 /// use kernel::prelude::*;
68 ///
69 /// module!{
70 ///     type: MyDeviceDriverModule,
71 ///     name: "my_device_driver_module",
72 ///     author: "Rust for Linux Contributors",
73 ///     description: "My device driver requires firmware",
74 ///     license: "GPL",
75 ///     firmware: ["my_device_firmware1.bin", "my_device_firmware2.bin"],
76 /// }
77 ///
78 /// struct MyDeviceDriverModule;
79 ///
80 /// impl kernel::Module for MyDeviceDriverModule {
81 ///     fn init(_module: &'static ThisModule) -> Result<Self> {
82 ///         Ok(Self)
83 ///     }
84 /// }
85 /// # fn main() {}
86 /// ```
87 ///
88 /// # Supported argument types
89 ///   - `type`: type which implements the [`Module`] trait (required).
90 ///   - `name`: ASCII string literal of the name of the kernel module (required).
91 ///   - `author`: string literal of the author of the kernel module.
92 ///   - `description`: string literal of the description of the kernel module.
93 ///   - `license`: ASCII string literal of the license of the kernel module (required).
94 ///   - `alias`: array of ASCII string literals of the alias names of the kernel module.
95 ///   - `firmware`: array of ASCII string literals of the firmware files of
96 ///     the kernel module.
97 #[proc_macro]
98 pub fn module(ts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
99     module::module(ts)
100 }
101 
102 /// Declares or implements a vtable trait.
103 ///
104 /// Linux's use of pure vtables is very close to Rust traits, but they differ
105 /// in how unimplemented functions are represented. In Rust, traits can provide
106 /// default implementation for all non-required methods (and the default
107 /// implementation could just return `Error::EINVAL`); Linux typically use C
108 /// `NULL` pointers to represent these functions.
109 ///
110 /// This attribute closes that gap. A trait can be annotated with the
111 /// `#[vtable]` attribute. Implementers of the trait will then also have to
112 /// annotate the trait with `#[vtable]`. This attribute generates a `HAS_*`
113 /// associated constant bool for each method in the trait that is set to true if
114 /// the implementer has overridden the associated method.
115 ///
116 /// For a trait method to be optional, it must have a default implementation.
117 /// This is also the case for traits annotated with `#[vtable]`, but in this
118 /// case the default implementation will never be executed. The reason for this
119 /// is that the functions will be called through function pointers installed in
120 /// C side vtables. When an optional method is not implemented on a `#[vtable]`
121 /// trait, a NULL entry is installed in the vtable. Thus the default
122 /// implementation is never called. Since these traits are not designed to be
123 /// used on the Rust side, it should not be possible to call the default
124 /// implementation. This is done to ensure that we call the vtable methods
125 /// through the C vtable, and not through the Rust vtable. Therefore, the
126 /// default implementation should call `kernel::build_error`, which prevents
127 /// calls to this function at compile time:
128 ///
129 /// ```compile_fail
130 /// # // Intentionally missing `use`s to simplify `rusttest`.
131 /// kernel::build_error(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
132 /// ```
133 ///
134 /// Note that you might need to import [`kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR`].
135 ///
136 /// This macro should not be used when all functions are required.
137 ///
138 /// # Examples
139 ///
140 /// ```ignore
141 /// use kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR;
142 /// use kernel::prelude::*;
143 ///
144 /// // Declares a `#[vtable]` trait
145 /// #[vtable]
146 /// pub trait Operations: Send + Sync + Sized {
147 ///     fn foo(&self) -> Result<()> {
148 ///         kernel::build_error(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
149 ///     }
150 ///
151 ///     fn bar(&self) -> Result<()> {
152 ///         kernel::build_error(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
153 ///     }
154 /// }
155 ///
156 /// struct Foo;
157 ///
158 /// // Implements the `#[vtable]` trait
159 /// #[vtable]
160 /// impl Operations for Foo {
161 ///     fn foo(&self) -> Result<()> {
162 /// #        Err(EINVAL)
163 ///         // ...
164 ///     }
165 /// }
166 ///
167 /// assert_eq!(<Foo as Operations>::HAS_FOO, true);
168 /// assert_eq!(<Foo as Operations>::HAS_BAR, false);
169 /// ```
170 ///
171 /// [`kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR`]: ../kernel/error/constant.VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR.html
172 #[proc_macro_attribute]
173 pub fn vtable(attr: TokenStream, ts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
174     vtable::vtable(attr, ts)
175 }
176 
177 /// Concatenate two identifiers.
178 ///
179 /// This is useful in macros that need to declare or reference items with names
180 /// starting with a fixed prefix and ending in a user specified name. The resulting
181 /// identifier has the span of the second argument.
182 ///
183 /// # Examples
184 ///
185 /// ```ignore
186 /// use kernel::macro::concat_idents;
187 ///
188 /// macro_rules! pub_no_prefix {
189 ///     ($prefix:ident, $($newname:ident),+) => {
190 ///         $(pub(crate) const $newname: u32 = kernel::macros::concat_idents!($prefix, $newname);)+
191 ///     };
192 /// }
193 ///
194 /// pub_no_prefix!(
195 ///     binder_driver_return_protocol_,
196 ///     BR_OK,
197 ///     BR_ERROR,
198 ///     BR_TRANSACTION,
199 ///     BR_REPLY,
200 ///     BR_DEAD_REPLY,
201 ///     BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE,
202 ///     BR_INCREFS,
203 ///     BR_ACQUIRE,
204 ///     BR_RELEASE,
205 ///     BR_DECREFS,
206 ///     BR_NOOP,
207 ///     BR_SPAWN_LOOPER,
208 ///     BR_DEAD_BINDER,
209 ///     BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE,
210 ///     BR_FAILED_REPLY
211 /// );
212 ///
213 /// assert_eq!(BR_OK, binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK);
214 /// ```
215 #[proc_macro]
216 pub fn concat_idents(ts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
217     concat_idents::concat_idents(ts)
218 }
219 
220 /// Used to specify the pinning information of the fields of a struct.
221 ///
222 /// This is somewhat similar in purpose as
223 /// [pin-project-lite](https://crates.io/crates/pin-project-lite).
224 /// Place this macro on a struct definition and then `#[pin]` in front of the attributes of each
225 /// field you want to structurally pin.
226 ///
227 /// This macro enables the use of the [`pin_init!`] macro. When pin-initializing a `struct`,
228 /// then `#[pin]` directs the type of initializer that is required.
229 ///
230 /// If your `struct` implements `Drop`, then you need to add `PinnedDrop` as arguments to this
231 /// macro, and change your `Drop` implementation to `PinnedDrop` annotated with
232 /// `#[`[`macro@pinned_drop`]`]`, since dropping pinned values requires extra care.
233 ///
234 /// # Examples
235 ///
236 /// ```rust,ignore
237 /// #[pin_data]
238 /// struct DriverData {
239 ///     #[pin]
240 ///     queue: Mutex<KVec<Command>>,
241 ///     buf: KBox<[u8; 1024 * 1024]>,
242 /// }
243 /// ```
244 ///
245 /// ```rust,ignore
246 /// #[pin_data(PinnedDrop)]
247 /// struct DriverData {
248 ///     #[pin]
249 ///     queue: Mutex<KVec<Command>>,
250 ///     buf: KBox<[u8; 1024 * 1024]>,
251 ///     raw_info: *mut Info,
252 /// }
253 ///
254 /// #[pinned_drop]
255 /// impl PinnedDrop for DriverData {
256 ///     fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
257 ///         unsafe { bindings::destroy_info(self.raw_info) };
258 ///     }
259 /// }
260 /// ```
261 ///
262 /// [`pin_init!`]: ../kernel/macro.pin_init.html
263 //  ^ cannot use direct link, since `kernel` is not a dependency of `macros`.
264 #[proc_macro_attribute]
265 pub fn pin_data(inner: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
266     pin_data::pin_data(inner, item)
267 }
268 
269 /// Used to implement `PinnedDrop` safely.
270 ///
271 /// Only works on structs that are annotated via `#[`[`macro@pin_data`]`]`.
272 ///
273 /// # Examples
274 ///
275 /// ```rust,ignore
276 /// #[pin_data(PinnedDrop)]
277 /// struct DriverData {
278 ///     #[pin]
279 ///     queue: Mutex<KVec<Command>>,
280 ///     buf: KBox<[u8; 1024 * 1024]>,
281 ///     raw_info: *mut Info,
282 /// }
283 ///
284 /// #[pinned_drop]
285 /// impl PinnedDrop for DriverData {
286 ///     fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
287 ///         unsafe { bindings::destroy_info(self.raw_info) };
288 ///     }
289 /// }
290 /// ```
291 #[proc_macro_attribute]
292 pub fn pinned_drop(args: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
293     pinned_drop::pinned_drop(args, input)
294 }
295 
296 /// Paste identifiers together.
297 ///
298 /// Within the `paste!` macro, identifiers inside `[<` and `>]` are concatenated together to form a
299 /// single identifier.
300 ///
301 /// This is similar to the [`paste`] crate, but with pasting feature limited to identifiers and
302 /// literals (lifetimes and documentation strings are not supported). There is a difference in
303 /// supported modifiers as well.
304 ///
305 /// # Example
306 ///
307 /// ```ignore
308 /// use kernel::macro::paste;
309 ///
310 /// macro_rules! pub_no_prefix {
311 ///     ($prefix:ident, $($newname:ident),+) => {
312 ///         paste! {
313 ///             $(pub(crate) const $newname: u32 = [<$prefix $newname>];)+
314 ///         }
315 ///     };
316 /// }
317 ///
318 /// pub_no_prefix!(
319 ///     binder_driver_return_protocol_,
320 ///     BR_OK,
321 ///     BR_ERROR,
322 ///     BR_TRANSACTION,
323 ///     BR_REPLY,
324 ///     BR_DEAD_REPLY,
325 ///     BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE,
326 ///     BR_INCREFS,
327 ///     BR_ACQUIRE,
328 ///     BR_RELEASE,
329 ///     BR_DECREFS,
330 ///     BR_NOOP,
331 ///     BR_SPAWN_LOOPER,
332 ///     BR_DEAD_BINDER,
333 ///     BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE,
334 ///     BR_FAILED_REPLY
335 /// );
336 ///
337 /// assert_eq!(BR_OK, binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK);
338 /// ```
339 ///
340 /// # Modifiers
341 ///
342 /// For each identifier, it is possible to attach one or multiple modifiers to
343 /// it.
344 ///
345 /// Currently supported modifiers are:
346 /// * `span`: change the span of concatenated identifier to the span of the specified token. By
347 ///   default the span of the `[< >]` group is used.
348 /// * `lower`: change the identifier to lower case.
349 /// * `upper`: change the identifier to upper case.
350 ///
351 /// ```ignore
352 /// use kernel::macro::paste;
353 ///
354 /// macro_rules! pub_no_prefix {
355 ///     ($prefix:ident, $($newname:ident),+) => {
356 ///         kernel::macros::paste! {
357 ///             $(pub(crate) const fn [<$newname:lower:span>]() -> u32 { [<$prefix $newname:span>] })+
358 ///         }
359 ///     };
360 /// }
361 ///
362 /// pub_no_prefix!(
363 ///     binder_driver_return_protocol_,
364 ///     BR_OK,
365 ///     BR_ERROR,
366 ///     BR_TRANSACTION,
367 ///     BR_REPLY,
368 ///     BR_DEAD_REPLY,
369 ///     BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE,
370 ///     BR_INCREFS,
371 ///     BR_ACQUIRE,
372 ///     BR_RELEASE,
373 ///     BR_DECREFS,
374 ///     BR_NOOP,
375 ///     BR_SPAWN_LOOPER,
376 ///     BR_DEAD_BINDER,
377 ///     BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE,
378 ///     BR_FAILED_REPLY
379 /// );
380 ///
381 /// assert_eq!(br_ok(), binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK);
382 /// ```
383 ///
384 /// # Literals
385 ///
386 /// Literals can also be concatenated with other identifiers:
387 ///
388 /// ```ignore
389 /// macro_rules! create_numbered_fn {
390 ///     ($name:literal, $val:literal) => {
391 ///         kernel::macros::paste! {
392 ///             fn [<some_ $name _fn $val>]() -> u32 { $val }
393 ///         }
394 ///     };
395 /// }
396 ///
397 /// create_numbered_fn!("foo", 100);
398 ///
399 /// assert_eq!(some_foo_fn100(), 100)
400 /// ```
401 ///
402 /// [`paste`]: https://docs.rs/paste/
403 #[proc_macro]
404 pub fn paste(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
405     let mut tokens = input.into_iter().collect();
406     paste::expand(&mut tokens);
407     tokens.into_iter().collect()
408 }
409 
410 /// Derives the [`Zeroable`] trait for the given struct.
411 ///
412 /// This can only be used for structs where every field implements the [`Zeroable`] trait.
413 ///
414 /// # Examples
415 ///
416 /// ```rust,ignore
417 /// #[derive(Zeroable)]
418 /// pub struct DriverData {
419 ///     id: i64,
420 ///     buf_ptr: *mut u8,
421 ///     len: usize,
422 /// }
423 /// ```
424 #[proc_macro_derive(Zeroable)]
425 pub fn derive_zeroable(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
426     zeroable::derive(input)
427 }
428