xref: /linux/rust/macros/lib.rs (revision 572af9f284669d31d9175122bbef9bc62cea8ded)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 
3 //! Crate for all kernel procedural macros.
4 
5 // When fixdep scans this, it will find this string `CONFIG_RUSTC_VERSION_TEXT`
6 // and thus add a dependency on `include/config/RUSTC_VERSION_TEXT`, which is
7 // touched by Kconfig when the version string from the compiler changes.
8 
9 #[macro_use]
10 mod quote;
11 mod concat_idents;
12 mod helpers;
13 mod module;
14 mod paste;
15 mod pin_data;
16 mod pinned_drop;
17 mod vtable;
18 mod zeroable;
19 
20 use proc_macro::TokenStream;
21 
22 /// Declares a kernel module.
23 ///
24 /// The `type` argument should be a type which implements the [`Module`]
25 /// trait. Also accepts various forms of kernel metadata.
26 ///
27 /// C header: [`include/linux/moduleparam.h`](srctree/include/linux/moduleparam.h)
28 ///
29 /// [`Module`]: ../kernel/trait.Module.html
30 ///
31 /// # Examples
32 ///
33 /// ```
34 /// use kernel::prelude::*;
35 ///
36 /// module!{
37 ///     type: MyModule,
38 ///     name: "my_kernel_module",
39 ///     author: "Rust for Linux Contributors",
40 ///     description: "My very own kernel module!",
41 ///     license: "GPL",
42 ///     alias: ["alternate_module_name"],
43 /// }
44 ///
45 /// struct MyModule(i32);
46 ///
47 /// impl kernel::Module for MyModule {
48 ///     fn init(_module: &'static ThisModule) -> Result<Self> {
49 ///         let foo: i32 = 42;
50 ///         pr_info!("I contain:  {}\n", foo);
51 ///         Ok(Self(foo))
52 ///     }
53 /// }
54 /// # fn main() {}
55 /// ```
56 ///
57 /// ## Firmware
58 ///
59 /// The following example shows how to declare a kernel module that needs
60 /// to load binary firmware files. You need to specify the file names of
61 /// the firmware in the `firmware` field. The information is embedded
62 /// in the `modinfo` section of the kernel module. For example, a tool to
63 /// build an initramfs uses this information to put the firmware files into
64 /// the initramfs image.
65 ///
66 /// ```
67 /// use kernel::prelude::*;
68 ///
69 /// module!{
70 ///     type: MyDeviceDriverModule,
71 ///     name: "my_device_driver_module",
72 ///     author: "Rust for Linux Contributors",
73 ///     description: "My device driver requires firmware",
74 ///     license: "GPL",
75 ///     firmware: ["my_device_firmware1.bin", "my_device_firmware2.bin"],
76 /// }
77 ///
78 /// struct MyDeviceDriverModule;
79 ///
80 /// impl kernel::Module for MyDeviceDriverModule {
81 ///     fn init(_module: &'static ThisModule) -> Result<Self> {
82 ///         Ok(Self)
83 ///     }
84 /// }
85 /// # fn main() {}
86 /// ```
87 ///
88 /// # Supported argument types
89 ///   - `type`: type which implements the [`Module`] trait (required).
90 ///   - `name`: ASCII string literal of the name of the kernel module (required).
91 ///   - `author`: string literal of the author of the kernel module.
92 ///   - `description`: string literal of the description of the kernel module.
93 ///   - `license`: ASCII string literal of the license of the kernel module (required).
94 ///   - `alias`: array of ASCII string literals of the alias names of the kernel module.
95 ///   - `firmware`: array of ASCII string literals of the firmware files of
96 ///     the kernel module.
97 #[proc_macro]
98 pub fn module(ts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
99     module::module(ts)
100 }
101 
102 /// Declares or implements a vtable trait.
103 ///
104 /// Linux's use of pure vtables is very close to Rust traits, but they differ
105 /// in how unimplemented functions are represented. In Rust, traits can provide
106 /// default implementation for all non-required methods (and the default
107 /// implementation could just return `Error::EINVAL`); Linux typically use C
108 /// `NULL` pointers to represent these functions.
109 ///
110 /// This attribute closes that gap. A trait can be annotated with the
111 /// `#[vtable]` attribute. Implementers of the trait will then also have to
112 /// annotate the trait with `#[vtable]`. This attribute generates a `HAS_*`
113 /// associated constant bool for each method in the trait that is set to true if
114 /// the implementer has overridden the associated method.
115 ///
116 /// For a trait method to be optional, it must have a default implementation.
117 /// This is also the case for traits annotated with `#[vtable]`, but in this
118 /// case the default implementation will never be executed. The reason for this
119 /// is that the functions will be called through function pointers installed in
120 /// C side vtables. When an optional method is not implemented on a `#[vtable]`
121 /// trait, a NULL entry is installed in the vtable. Thus the default
122 /// implementation is never called. Since these traits are not designed to be
123 /// used on the Rust side, it should not be possible to call the default
124 /// implementation. This is done to ensure that we call the vtable methods
125 /// through the C vtable, and not through the Rust vtable. Therefore, the
126 /// default implementation should call `kernel::build_error`, which prevents
127 /// calls to this function at compile time:
128 ///
129 /// ```compile_fail
130 /// # // Intentionally missing `use`s to simplify `rusttest`.
131 /// kernel::build_error(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
132 /// ```
133 ///
134 /// Note that you might need to import [`kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR`].
135 ///
136 /// This macro should not be used when all functions are required.
137 ///
138 /// # Examples
139 ///
140 /// ```
141 /// use kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR;
142 /// use kernel::prelude::*;
143 ///
144 /// // Declares a `#[vtable]` trait
145 /// #[vtable]
146 /// pub trait Operations: Send + Sync + Sized {
147 ///     fn foo(&self) -> Result<()> {
148 ///         kernel::build_error(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
149 ///     }
150 ///
151 ///     fn bar(&self) -> Result<()> {
152 ///         kernel::build_error(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
153 ///     }
154 /// }
155 ///
156 /// struct Foo;
157 ///
158 /// // Implements the `#[vtable]` trait
159 /// #[vtable]
160 /// impl Operations for Foo {
161 ///     fn foo(&self) -> Result<()> {
162 /// #        Err(EINVAL)
163 ///         // ...
164 ///     }
165 /// }
166 ///
167 /// assert_eq!(<Foo as Operations>::HAS_FOO, true);
168 /// assert_eq!(<Foo as Operations>::HAS_BAR, false);
169 /// ```
170 ///
171 /// [`kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR`]: ../kernel/error/constant.VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR.html
172 #[proc_macro_attribute]
173 pub fn vtable(attr: TokenStream, ts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
174     vtable::vtable(attr, ts)
175 }
176 
177 /// Concatenate two identifiers.
178 ///
179 /// This is useful in macros that need to declare or reference items with names
180 /// starting with a fixed prefix and ending in a user specified name. The resulting
181 /// identifier has the span of the second argument.
182 ///
183 /// # Examples
184 ///
185 /// ```
186 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK: u32 = 0;
187 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_ERROR: u32 = 1;
188 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_TRANSACTION: u32 = 2;
189 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_REPLY: u32 = 3;
190 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DEAD_REPLY: u32 = 4;
191 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: u32 = 5;
192 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_INCREFS: u32 = 6;
193 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_ACQUIRE: u32 = 7;
194 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_RELEASE: u32 = 8;
195 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DECREFS: u32 = 9;
196 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_NOOP: u32 = 10;
197 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_SPAWN_LOOPER: u32 = 11;
198 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DEAD_BINDER: u32 = 12;
199 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE: u32 = 13;
200 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_FAILED_REPLY: u32 = 14;
201 /// use kernel::macros::concat_idents;
202 ///
203 /// macro_rules! pub_no_prefix {
204 ///     ($prefix:ident, $($newname:ident),+) => {
205 ///         $(pub(crate) const $newname: u32 = concat_idents!($prefix, $newname);)+
206 ///     };
207 /// }
208 ///
209 /// pub_no_prefix!(
210 ///     binder_driver_return_protocol_,
211 ///     BR_OK,
212 ///     BR_ERROR,
213 ///     BR_TRANSACTION,
214 ///     BR_REPLY,
215 ///     BR_DEAD_REPLY,
216 ///     BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE,
217 ///     BR_INCREFS,
218 ///     BR_ACQUIRE,
219 ///     BR_RELEASE,
220 ///     BR_DECREFS,
221 ///     BR_NOOP,
222 ///     BR_SPAWN_LOOPER,
223 ///     BR_DEAD_BINDER,
224 ///     BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE,
225 ///     BR_FAILED_REPLY
226 /// );
227 ///
228 /// assert_eq!(BR_OK, binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK);
229 /// ```
230 #[proc_macro]
231 pub fn concat_idents(ts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
232     concat_idents::concat_idents(ts)
233 }
234 
235 /// Used to specify the pinning information of the fields of a struct.
236 ///
237 /// This is somewhat similar in purpose as
238 /// [pin-project-lite](https://crates.io/crates/pin-project-lite).
239 /// Place this macro on a struct definition and then `#[pin]` in front of the attributes of each
240 /// field you want to structurally pin.
241 ///
242 /// This macro enables the use of the [`pin_init!`] macro. When pin-initializing a `struct`,
243 /// then `#[pin]` directs the type of initializer that is required.
244 ///
245 /// If your `struct` implements `Drop`, then you need to add `PinnedDrop` as arguments to this
246 /// macro, and change your `Drop` implementation to `PinnedDrop` annotated with
247 /// `#[`[`macro@pinned_drop`]`]`, since dropping pinned values requires extra care.
248 ///
249 /// # Examples
250 ///
251 /// ```
252 /// # #![feature(lint_reasons)]
253 /// # use kernel::prelude::*;
254 /// # use std::{sync::Mutex, process::Command};
255 /// # use kernel::macros::pin_data;
256 /// #[pin_data]
257 /// struct DriverData {
258 ///     #[pin]
259 ///     queue: Mutex<KVec<Command>>,
260 ///     buf: KBox<[u8; 1024 * 1024]>,
261 /// }
262 /// ```
263 ///
264 /// ```
265 /// # #![feature(lint_reasons)]
266 /// # use kernel::prelude::*;
267 /// # use std::{sync::Mutex, process::Command};
268 /// # use core::pin::Pin;
269 /// # pub struct Info;
270 /// # mod bindings {
271 /// #     pub unsafe fn destroy_info(_ptr: *mut super::Info) {}
272 /// # }
273 /// use kernel::macros::{pin_data, pinned_drop};
274 ///
275 /// #[pin_data(PinnedDrop)]
276 /// struct DriverData {
277 ///     #[pin]
278 ///     queue: Mutex<KVec<Command>>,
279 ///     buf: KBox<[u8; 1024 * 1024]>,
280 ///     raw_info: *mut Info,
281 /// }
282 ///
283 /// #[pinned_drop]
284 /// impl PinnedDrop for DriverData {
285 ///     fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
286 ///         unsafe { bindings::destroy_info(self.raw_info) };
287 ///     }
288 /// }
289 /// # fn main() {}
290 /// ```
291 ///
292 /// [`pin_init!`]: ../kernel/macro.pin_init.html
293 //  ^ cannot use direct link, since `kernel` is not a dependency of `macros`.
294 #[proc_macro_attribute]
295 pub fn pin_data(inner: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
296     pin_data::pin_data(inner, item)
297 }
298 
299 /// Used to implement `PinnedDrop` safely.
300 ///
301 /// Only works on structs that are annotated via `#[`[`macro@pin_data`]`]`.
302 ///
303 /// # Examples
304 ///
305 /// ```
306 /// # #![feature(lint_reasons)]
307 /// # use kernel::prelude::*;
308 /// # use macros::{pin_data, pinned_drop};
309 /// # use std::{sync::Mutex, process::Command};
310 /// # use core::pin::Pin;
311 /// # mod bindings {
312 /// #     pub struct Info;
313 /// #     pub unsafe fn destroy_info(_ptr: *mut Info) {}
314 /// # }
315 /// #[pin_data(PinnedDrop)]
316 /// struct DriverData {
317 ///     #[pin]
318 ///     queue: Mutex<KVec<Command>>,
319 ///     buf: KBox<[u8; 1024 * 1024]>,
320 ///     raw_info: *mut bindings::Info,
321 /// }
322 ///
323 /// #[pinned_drop]
324 /// impl PinnedDrop for DriverData {
325 ///     fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
326 ///         unsafe { bindings::destroy_info(self.raw_info) };
327 ///     }
328 /// }
329 /// ```
330 #[proc_macro_attribute]
331 pub fn pinned_drop(args: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
332     pinned_drop::pinned_drop(args, input)
333 }
334 
335 /// Paste identifiers together.
336 ///
337 /// Within the `paste!` macro, identifiers inside `[<` and `>]` are concatenated together to form a
338 /// single identifier.
339 ///
340 /// This is similar to the [`paste`] crate, but with pasting feature limited to identifiers and
341 /// literals (lifetimes and documentation strings are not supported). There is a difference in
342 /// supported modifiers as well.
343 ///
344 /// # Example
345 ///
346 /// ```
347 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK: u32 = 0;
348 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_ERROR: u32 = 1;
349 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_TRANSACTION: u32 = 2;
350 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_REPLY: u32 = 3;
351 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DEAD_REPLY: u32 = 4;
352 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: u32 = 5;
353 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_INCREFS: u32 = 6;
354 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_ACQUIRE: u32 = 7;
355 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_RELEASE: u32 = 8;
356 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DECREFS: u32 = 9;
357 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_NOOP: u32 = 10;
358 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_SPAWN_LOOPER: u32 = 11;
359 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DEAD_BINDER: u32 = 12;
360 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE: u32 = 13;
361 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_FAILED_REPLY: u32 = 14;
362 /// macro_rules! pub_no_prefix {
363 ///     ($prefix:ident, $($newname:ident),+) => {
364 ///         kernel::macros::paste! {
365 ///             $(pub(crate) const $newname: u32 = [<$prefix $newname>];)+
366 ///         }
367 ///     };
368 /// }
369 ///
370 /// pub_no_prefix!(
371 ///     binder_driver_return_protocol_,
372 ///     BR_OK,
373 ///     BR_ERROR,
374 ///     BR_TRANSACTION,
375 ///     BR_REPLY,
376 ///     BR_DEAD_REPLY,
377 ///     BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE,
378 ///     BR_INCREFS,
379 ///     BR_ACQUIRE,
380 ///     BR_RELEASE,
381 ///     BR_DECREFS,
382 ///     BR_NOOP,
383 ///     BR_SPAWN_LOOPER,
384 ///     BR_DEAD_BINDER,
385 ///     BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE,
386 ///     BR_FAILED_REPLY
387 /// );
388 ///
389 /// assert_eq!(BR_OK, binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK);
390 /// ```
391 ///
392 /// # Modifiers
393 ///
394 /// For each identifier, it is possible to attach one or multiple modifiers to
395 /// it.
396 ///
397 /// Currently supported modifiers are:
398 /// * `span`: change the span of concatenated identifier to the span of the specified token. By
399 ///   default the span of the `[< >]` group is used.
400 /// * `lower`: change the identifier to lower case.
401 /// * `upper`: change the identifier to upper case.
402 ///
403 /// ```
404 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK: u32 = 0;
405 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_ERROR: u32 = 1;
406 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_TRANSACTION: u32 = 2;
407 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_REPLY: u32 = 3;
408 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DEAD_REPLY: u32 = 4;
409 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: u32 = 5;
410 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_INCREFS: u32 = 6;
411 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_ACQUIRE: u32 = 7;
412 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_RELEASE: u32 = 8;
413 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DECREFS: u32 = 9;
414 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_NOOP: u32 = 10;
415 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_SPAWN_LOOPER: u32 = 11;
416 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DEAD_BINDER: u32 = 12;
417 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE: u32 = 13;
418 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_FAILED_REPLY: u32 = 14;
419 /// macro_rules! pub_no_prefix {
420 ///     ($prefix:ident, $($newname:ident),+) => {
421 ///         kernel::macros::paste! {
422 ///             $(pub(crate) const fn [<$newname:lower:span>]() -> u32 { [<$prefix $newname:span>] })+
423 ///         }
424 ///     };
425 /// }
426 ///
427 /// pub_no_prefix!(
428 ///     binder_driver_return_protocol_,
429 ///     BR_OK,
430 ///     BR_ERROR,
431 ///     BR_TRANSACTION,
432 ///     BR_REPLY,
433 ///     BR_DEAD_REPLY,
434 ///     BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE,
435 ///     BR_INCREFS,
436 ///     BR_ACQUIRE,
437 ///     BR_RELEASE,
438 ///     BR_DECREFS,
439 ///     BR_NOOP,
440 ///     BR_SPAWN_LOOPER,
441 ///     BR_DEAD_BINDER,
442 ///     BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE,
443 ///     BR_FAILED_REPLY
444 /// );
445 ///
446 /// assert_eq!(br_ok(), binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK);
447 /// ```
448 ///
449 /// # Literals
450 ///
451 /// Literals can also be concatenated with other identifiers:
452 ///
453 /// ```
454 /// macro_rules! create_numbered_fn {
455 ///     ($name:literal, $val:literal) => {
456 ///         kernel::macros::paste! {
457 ///             fn [<some_ $name _fn $val>]() -> u32 { $val }
458 ///         }
459 ///     };
460 /// }
461 ///
462 /// create_numbered_fn!("foo", 100);
463 ///
464 /// assert_eq!(some_foo_fn100(), 100)
465 /// ```
466 ///
467 /// [`paste`]: https://docs.rs/paste/
468 #[proc_macro]
469 pub fn paste(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
470     let mut tokens = input.into_iter().collect();
471     paste::expand(&mut tokens);
472     tokens.into_iter().collect()
473 }
474 
475 /// Derives the [`Zeroable`] trait for the given struct.
476 ///
477 /// This can only be used for structs where every field implements the [`Zeroable`] trait.
478 ///
479 /// # Examples
480 ///
481 /// ```
482 /// use kernel::macros::Zeroable;
483 ///
484 /// #[derive(Zeroable)]
485 /// pub struct DriverData {
486 ///     id: i64,
487 ///     buf_ptr: *mut u8,
488 ///     len: usize,
489 /// }
490 /// ```
491 #[proc_macro_derive(Zeroable)]
492 pub fn derive_zeroable(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
493     zeroable::derive(input)
494 }
495