xref: /linux/rust/macros/lib.rs (revision 40286d6379aacfcc053253ef78dc78b09addffda)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 
3 //! Crate for all kernel procedural macros.
4 
5 // When fixdep scans this, it will find this string `CONFIG_RUSTC_VERSION_TEXT`
6 // and thus add a dependency on `include/config/RUSTC_VERSION_TEXT`, which is
7 // touched by Kconfig when the version string from the compiler changes.
8 
9 // Stable since Rust 1.87.0.
10 #![feature(extract_if)]
11 //
12 // Stable since Rust 1.88.0 under a different name, `proc_macro_span_file`,
13 // which was added in Rust 1.88.0. This is why `cfg_attr` is used here, i.e.
14 // to avoid depending on the full `proc_macro_span` on Rust >= 1.88.0.
15 #![cfg_attr(not(CONFIG_RUSTC_HAS_SPAN_FILE), feature(proc_macro_span))]
16 
17 mod concat_idents;
18 mod export;
19 mod fmt;
20 mod helpers;
21 mod kunit;
22 mod module;
23 mod paste;
24 mod vtable;
25 
26 use proc_macro::TokenStream;
27 
28 use syn::parse_macro_input;
29 
30 /// Declares a kernel module.
31 ///
32 /// The `type` argument should be a type which implements the [`Module`]
33 /// trait. Also accepts various forms of kernel metadata.
34 ///
35 /// The `params` field describe module parameters. Each entry has the form
36 ///
37 /// ```ignore
38 /// parameter_name: type {
39 ///     default: default_value,
40 ///     description: "Description",
41 /// }
42 /// ```
43 ///
44 /// `type` may be one of
45 ///
46 /// - [`i8`]
47 /// - [`u8`]
48 /// - [`i8`]
49 /// - [`u8`]
50 /// - [`i16`]
51 /// - [`u16`]
52 /// - [`i32`]
53 /// - [`u32`]
54 /// - [`i64`]
55 /// - [`u64`]
56 /// - [`isize`]
57 /// - [`usize`]
58 ///
59 /// C header: [`include/linux/moduleparam.h`](srctree/include/linux/moduleparam.h)
60 ///
61 /// [`Module`]: ../kernel/trait.Module.html
62 ///
63 /// # Examples
64 ///
65 /// ```ignore
66 /// use kernel::prelude::*;
67 ///
68 /// module!{
69 ///     type: MyModule,
70 ///     name: "my_kernel_module",
71 ///     authors: ["Rust for Linux Contributors"],
72 ///     description: "My very own kernel module!",
73 ///     license: "GPL",
74 ///     alias: ["alternate_module_name"],
75 ///     params: {
76 ///         my_parameter: i64 {
77 ///             default: 1,
78 ///             description: "This parameter has a default of 1",
79 ///         },
80 ///     },
81 /// }
82 ///
83 /// struct MyModule(i32);
84 ///
85 /// impl kernel::Module for MyModule {
86 ///     fn init(_module: &'static ThisModule) -> Result<Self> {
87 ///         let foo: i32 = 42;
88 ///         pr_info!("I contain:  {}\n", foo);
89 ///         pr_info!("i32 param is:  {}\n", module_parameters::my_parameter.read());
90 ///         Ok(Self(foo))
91 ///     }
92 /// }
93 /// # fn main() {}
94 /// ```
95 ///
96 /// ## Firmware
97 ///
98 /// The following example shows how to declare a kernel module that needs
99 /// to load binary firmware files. You need to specify the file names of
100 /// the firmware in the `firmware` field. The information is embedded
101 /// in the `modinfo` section of the kernel module. For example, a tool to
102 /// build an initramfs uses this information to put the firmware files into
103 /// the initramfs image.
104 ///
105 /// ```
106 /// use kernel::prelude::*;
107 ///
108 /// module!{
109 ///     type: MyDeviceDriverModule,
110 ///     name: "my_device_driver_module",
111 ///     authors: ["Rust for Linux Contributors"],
112 ///     description: "My device driver requires firmware",
113 ///     license: "GPL",
114 ///     firmware: ["my_device_firmware1.bin", "my_device_firmware2.bin"],
115 /// }
116 ///
117 /// struct MyDeviceDriverModule;
118 ///
119 /// impl kernel::Module for MyDeviceDriverModule {
120 ///     fn init(_module: &'static ThisModule) -> Result<Self> {
121 ///         Ok(Self)
122 ///     }
123 /// }
124 /// # fn main() {}
125 /// ```
126 ///
127 /// # Supported argument types
128 ///   - `type`: type which implements the [`Module`] trait (required).
129 ///   - `name`: ASCII string literal of the name of the kernel module (required).
130 ///   - `authors`: array of ASCII string literals of the authors of the kernel module.
131 ///   - `description`: string literal of the description of the kernel module.
132 ///   - `license`: ASCII string literal of the license of the kernel module (required).
133 ///   - `alias`: array of ASCII string literals of the alias names of the kernel module.
134 ///   - `firmware`: array of ASCII string literals of the firmware files of
135 ///     the kernel module.
136 #[proc_macro]
137 pub fn module(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
138     module::module(parse_macro_input!(input))
139         .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_compile_error())
140         .into()
141 }
142 
143 /// Declares or implements a vtable trait.
144 ///
145 /// Linux's use of pure vtables is very close to Rust traits, but they differ
146 /// in how unimplemented functions are represented. In Rust, traits can provide
147 /// default implementation for all non-required methods (and the default
148 /// implementation could just return `Error::EINVAL`); Linux typically use C
149 /// `NULL` pointers to represent these functions.
150 ///
151 /// This attribute closes that gap. A trait can be annotated with the
152 /// `#[vtable]` attribute. Implementers of the trait will then also have to
153 /// annotate the trait with `#[vtable]`. This attribute generates a `HAS_*`
154 /// associated constant bool for each method in the trait that is set to true if
155 /// the implementer has overridden the associated method.
156 ///
157 /// For a trait method to be optional, it must have a default implementation.
158 /// This is also the case for traits annotated with `#[vtable]`, but in this
159 /// case the default implementation will never be executed. The reason for this
160 /// is that the functions will be called through function pointers installed in
161 /// C side vtables. When an optional method is not implemented on a `#[vtable]`
162 /// trait, a `NULL` entry is installed in the vtable. Thus the default
163 /// implementation is never called. Since these traits are not designed to be
164 /// used on the Rust side, it should not be possible to call the default
165 /// implementation. This is done to ensure that we call the vtable methods
166 /// through the C vtable, and not through the Rust vtable. Therefore, the
167 /// default implementation should call `build_error!`, which prevents
168 /// calls to this function at compile time:
169 ///
170 /// ```compile_fail
171 /// # // Intentionally missing `use`s to simplify `rusttest`.
172 /// build_error!(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
173 /// ```
174 ///
175 /// Note that you might need to import [`kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR`].
176 ///
177 /// This macro should not be used when all functions are required.
178 ///
179 /// # Examples
180 ///
181 /// ```
182 /// use kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR;
183 /// use kernel::prelude::*;
184 ///
185 /// // Declares a `#[vtable]` trait
186 /// #[vtable]
187 /// pub trait Operations: Send + Sync + Sized {
188 ///     fn foo(&self) -> Result<()> {
189 ///         build_error!(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
190 ///     }
191 ///
192 ///     fn bar(&self) -> Result<()> {
193 ///         build_error!(VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR)
194 ///     }
195 /// }
196 ///
197 /// struct Foo;
198 ///
199 /// // Implements the `#[vtable]` trait
200 /// #[vtable]
201 /// impl Operations for Foo {
202 ///     fn foo(&self) -> Result<()> {
203 /// #        Err(EINVAL)
204 ///         // ...
205 ///     }
206 /// }
207 ///
208 /// assert_eq!(<Foo as Operations>::HAS_FOO, true);
209 /// assert_eq!(<Foo as Operations>::HAS_BAR, false);
210 /// ```
211 ///
212 /// [`kernel::error::VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR`]: ../kernel/error/constant.VTABLE_DEFAULT_ERROR.html
213 #[proc_macro_attribute]
214 pub fn vtable(attr: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
215     parse_macro_input!(attr as syn::parse::Nothing);
216     vtable::vtable(parse_macro_input!(input))
217         .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_compile_error())
218         .into()
219 }
220 
221 /// Export a function so that C code can call it via a header file.
222 ///
223 /// Functions exported using this macro can be called from C code using the declaration in the
224 /// appropriate header file. It should only be used in cases where C calls the function through a
225 /// header file; cases where C calls into Rust via a function pointer in a vtable (such as
226 /// `file_operations`) should not use this macro.
227 ///
228 /// This macro has the following effect:
229 ///
230 /// * Disables name mangling for this function.
231 /// * Verifies at compile-time that the function signature matches the declaration in the header
232 ///   file.
233 ///
234 /// You must declare the signature of the Rust function in a header file that is included by
235 /// `rust/bindings/bindings_helper.h`.
236 ///
237 /// This macro is *not* the same as the C macros `EXPORT_SYMBOL_*`. All Rust symbols are currently
238 /// automatically exported with `EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL`.
239 #[proc_macro_attribute]
240 pub fn export(attr: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
241     parse_macro_input!(attr as syn::parse::Nothing);
242     export::export(parse_macro_input!(input)).into()
243 }
244 
245 /// Like [`core::format_args!`], but automatically wraps arguments in [`kernel::fmt::Adapter`].
246 ///
247 /// This macro allows generating `fmt::Arguments` while ensuring that each argument is wrapped with
248 /// `::kernel::fmt::Adapter`, which customizes formatting behavior for kernel logging.
249 ///
250 /// Named arguments used in the format string (e.g. `{foo}`) are detected and resolved from local
251 /// bindings. All positional and named arguments are automatically wrapped.
252 ///
253 /// This macro is an implementation detail of other kernel logging macros like [`pr_info!`] and
254 /// should not typically be used directly.
255 ///
256 /// [`kernel::fmt::Adapter`]: ../kernel/fmt/struct.Adapter.html
257 /// [`pr_info!`]: ../kernel/macro.pr_info.html
258 #[proc_macro]
259 pub fn fmt(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
260     fmt::fmt(input.into()).into()
261 }
262 
263 /// Concatenate two identifiers.
264 ///
265 /// This is useful in macros that need to declare or reference items with names
266 /// starting with a fixed prefix and ending in a user specified name. The resulting
267 /// identifier has the span of the second argument.
268 ///
269 /// # Examples
270 ///
271 /// ```
272 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK: u32 = 0;
273 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_ERROR: u32 = 1;
274 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_TRANSACTION: u32 = 2;
275 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_REPLY: u32 = 3;
276 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DEAD_REPLY: u32 = 4;
277 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: u32 = 5;
278 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_INCREFS: u32 = 6;
279 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_ACQUIRE: u32 = 7;
280 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_RELEASE: u32 = 8;
281 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DECREFS: u32 = 9;
282 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_NOOP: u32 = 10;
283 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_SPAWN_LOOPER: u32 = 11;
284 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DEAD_BINDER: u32 = 12;
285 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE: u32 = 13;
286 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_FAILED_REPLY: u32 = 14;
287 /// use kernel::macros::concat_idents;
288 ///
289 /// macro_rules! pub_no_prefix {
290 ///     ($prefix:ident, $($newname:ident),+) => {
291 ///         $(pub(crate) const $newname: u32 = concat_idents!($prefix, $newname);)+
292 ///     };
293 /// }
294 ///
295 /// pub_no_prefix!(
296 ///     binder_driver_return_protocol_,
297 ///     BR_OK,
298 ///     BR_ERROR,
299 ///     BR_TRANSACTION,
300 ///     BR_REPLY,
301 ///     BR_DEAD_REPLY,
302 ///     BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE,
303 ///     BR_INCREFS,
304 ///     BR_ACQUIRE,
305 ///     BR_RELEASE,
306 ///     BR_DECREFS,
307 ///     BR_NOOP,
308 ///     BR_SPAWN_LOOPER,
309 ///     BR_DEAD_BINDER,
310 ///     BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE,
311 ///     BR_FAILED_REPLY
312 /// );
313 ///
314 /// assert_eq!(BR_OK, binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK);
315 /// ```
316 #[proc_macro]
317 pub fn concat_idents(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
318     concat_idents::concat_idents(parse_macro_input!(input)).into()
319 }
320 
321 /// Paste identifiers together.
322 ///
323 /// Within the `paste!` macro, identifiers inside `[<` and `>]` are concatenated together to form a
324 /// single identifier.
325 ///
326 /// This is similar to the [`paste`] crate, but with pasting feature limited to identifiers and
327 /// literals (lifetimes and documentation strings are not supported). There is a difference in
328 /// supported modifiers as well.
329 ///
330 /// # Examples
331 ///
332 /// ```
333 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK: u32 = 0;
334 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_ERROR: u32 = 1;
335 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_TRANSACTION: u32 = 2;
336 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_REPLY: u32 = 3;
337 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DEAD_REPLY: u32 = 4;
338 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: u32 = 5;
339 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_INCREFS: u32 = 6;
340 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_ACQUIRE: u32 = 7;
341 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_RELEASE: u32 = 8;
342 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DECREFS: u32 = 9;
343 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_NOOP: u32 = 10;
344 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_SPAWN_LOOPER: u32 = 11;
345 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DEAD_BINDER: u32 = 12;
346 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE: u32 = 13;
347 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_FAILED_REPLY: u32 = 14;
348 /// macro_rules! pub_no_prefix {
349 ///     ($prefix:ident, $($newname:ident),+) => {
350 ///         ::kernel::macros::paste! {
351 ///             $(pub(crate) const $newname: u32 = [<$prefix $newname>];)+
352 ///         }
353 ///     };
354 /// }
355 ///
356 /// pub_no_prefix!(
357 ///     binder_driver_return_protocol_,
358 ///     BR_OK,
359 ///     BR_ERROR,
360 ///     BR_TRANSACTION,
361 ///     BR_REPLY,
362 ///     BR_DEAD_REPLY,
363 ///     BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE,
364 ///     BR_INCREFS,
365 ///     BR_ACQUIRE,
366 ///     BR_RELEASE,
367 ///     BR_DECREFS,
368 ///     BR_NOOP,
369 ///     BR_SPAWN_LOOPER,
370 ///     BR_DEAD_BINDER,
371 ///     BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE,
372 ///     BR_FAILED_REPLY
373 /// );
374 ///
375 /// assert_eq!(BR_OK, binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK);
376 /// ```
377 ///
378 /// # Modifiers
379 ///
380 /// For each identifier, it is possible to attach one or multiple modifiers to
381 /// it.
382 ///
383 /// Currently supported modifiers are:
384 /// * `span`: change the span of concatenated identifier to the span of the specified token. By
385 ///   default the span of the `[< >]` group is used.
386 /// * `lower`: change the identifier to lower case.
387 /// * `upper`: change the identifier to upper case.
388 ///
389 /// ```
390 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK: u32 = 0;
391 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_ERROR: u32 = 1;
392 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_TRANSACTION: u32 = 2;
393 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_REPLY: u32 = 3;
394 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DEAD_REPLY: u32 = 4;
395 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: u32 = 5;
396 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_INCREFS: u32 = 6;
397 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_ACQUIRE: u32 = 7;
398 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_RELEASE: u32 = 8;
399 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DECREFS: u32 = 9;
400 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_NOOP: u32 = 10;
401 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_SPAWN_LOOPER: u32 = 11;
402 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_DEAD_BINDER: u32 = 12;
403 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE: u32 = 13;
404 /// # const binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_FAILED_REPLY: u32 = 14;
405 /// macro_rules! pub_no_prefix {
406 ///     ($prefix:ident, $($newname:ident),+) => {
407 ///         ::kernel::macros::paste! {
408 ///             $(pub(crate) const fn [<$newname:lower:span>]() -> u32 { [<$prefix $newname:span>] })+
409 ///         }
410 ///     };
411 /// }
412 ///
413 /// pub_no_prefix!(
414 ///     binder_driver_return_protocol_,
415 ///     BR_OK,
416 ///     BR_ERROR,
417 ///     BR_TRANSACTION,
418 ///     BR_REPLY,
419 ///     BR_DEAD_REPLY,
420 ///     BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE,
421 ///     BR_INCREFS,
422 ///     BR_ACQUIRE,
423 ///     BR_RELEASE,
424 ///     BR_DECREFS,
425 ///     BR_NOOP,
426 ///     BR_SPAWN_LOOPER,
427 ///     BR_DEAD_BINDER,
428 ///     BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE,
429 ///     BR_FAILED_REPLY
430 /// );
431 ///
432 /// assert_eq!(br_ok(), binder_driver_return_protocol_BR_OK);
433 /// ```
434 ///
435 /// # Literals
436 ///
437 /// Literals can also be concatenated with other identifiers:
438 ///
439 /// ```
440 /// macro_rules! create_numbered_fn {
441 ///     ($name:literal, $val:literal) => {
442 ///         ::kernel::macros::paste! {
443 ///             fn [<some_ $name _fn $val>]() -> u32 { $val }
444 ///         }
445 ///     };
446 /// }
447 ///
448 /// create_numbered_fn!("foo", 100);
449 ///
450 /// assert_eq!(some_foo_fn100(), 100)
451 /// ```
452 ///
453 /// [`paste`]: https://docs.rs/paste/
454 #[proc_macro]
455 pub fn paste(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
456     let mut tokens = proc_macro2::TokenStream::from(input).into_iter().collect();
457     paste::expand(&mut tokens);
458     tokens
459         .into_iter()
460         .collect::<proc_macro2::TokenStream>()
461         .into()
462 }
463 
464 /// Registers a KUnit test suite and its test cases using a user-space like syntax.
465 ///
466 /// This macro should be used on modules. If `CONFIG_KUNIT` (in `.config`) is `n`, the target module
467 /// is ignored.
468 ///
469 /// # Examples
470 ///
471 /// ```ignore
472 /// # use kernel::prelude::*;
473 /// #[kunit_tests(kunit_test_suit_name)]
474 /// mod tests {
475 ///     #[test]
476 ///     fn foo() {
477 ///         assert_eq!(1, 1);
478 ///     }
479 ///
480 ///     #[test]
481 ///     fn bar() {
482 ///         assert_eq!(2, 2);
483 ///     }
484 /// }
485 /// ```
486 #[proc_macro_attribute]
487 pub fn kunit_tests(attr: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
488     kunit::kunit_tests(parse_macro_input!(attr), parse_macro_input!(input))
489         .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_compile_error())
490         .into()
491 }
492