xref: /linux/rust/kernel/sync/lock/mutex.rs (revision 484f0a071f8d482649eaf025dee7b76a7202fec9)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 
3 //! A kernel mutex.
4 //!
5 //! This module allows Rust code to use the kernel's `struct mutex`.
6 
7 use crate::bindings;
8 
9 /// Creates a [`Mutex`] initialiser with the given name and a newly-created lock class.
10 ///
11 /// It uses the name if one is given, otherwise it generates one based on the file name and line
12 /// number.
13 #[macro_export]
14 macro_rules! new_mutex {
15     ($inner:expr $(, $name:literal)? $(,)?) => {
16         $crate::sync::Mutex::new(
17             $inner, $crate::optional_name!($($name)?), $crate::static_lock_class!())
18     };
19 }
20 
21 /// A mutual exclusion primitive.
22 ///
23 /// Exposes the kernel's [`struct mutex`]. When multiple threads attempt to lock the same mutex,
24 /// only one at a time is allowed to progress, the others will block (sleep) until the mutex is
25 /// unlocked, at which point another thread will be allowed to wake up and make progress.
26 ///
27 /// Since it may block, [`Mutex`] needs to be used with care in atomic contexts.
28 ///
29 /// Instances of [`Mutex`] need a lock class and to be pinned. The recommended way to create such
30 /// instances is with the [`pin_init`](crate::pin_init) and [`new_mutex`] macros.
31 ///
32 /// # Examples
33 ///
34 /// The following example shows how to declare, allocate and initialise a struct (`Example`) that
35 /// contains an inner struct (`Inner`) that is protected by a mutex.
36 ///
37 /// ```
38 /// use kernel::{init::InPlaceInit, init::PinInit, new_mutex, pin_init, sync::Mutex};
39 ///
40 /// struct Inner {
41 ///     a: u32,
42 ///     b: u32,
43 /// }
44 ///
45 /// #[pin_data]
46 /// struct Example {
47 ///     c: u32,
48 ///     #[pin]
49 ///     d: Mutex<Inner>,
50 /// }
51 ///
52 /// impl Example {
53 ///     fn new() -> impl PinInit<Self> {
54 ///         pin_init!(Self {
55 ///             c: 10,
56 ///             d <- new_mutex!(Inner { a: 20, b: 30 }),
57 ///         })
58 ///     }
59 /// }
60 ///
61 /// // Allocate a boxed `Example`.
62 /// let e = Box::pin_init(Example::new())?;
63 /// assert_eq!(e.c, 10);
64 /// assert_eq!(e.d.lock().a, 20);
65 /// assert_eq!(e.d.lock().b, 30);
66 /// # Ok::<(), Error>(())
67 /// ```
68 ///
69 /// The following example shows how to use interior mutability to modify the contents of a struct
70 /// protected by a mutex despite only having a shared reference:
71 ///
72 /// ```
73 /// use kernel::sync::Mutex;
74 ///
75 /// struct Example {
76 ///     a: u32,
77 ///     b: u32,
78 /// }
79 ///
80 /// fn example(m: &Mutex<Example>) {
81 ///     let mut guard = m.lock();
82 ///     guard.a += 10;
83 ///     guard.b += 20;
84 /// }
85 /// ```
86 ///
87 /// [`struct mutex`]: ../../../../include/linux/mutex.h
88 pub type Mutex<T> = super::Lock<T, MutexBackend>;
89 
90 /// A kernel `struct mutex` lock backend.
91 pub struct MutexBackend;
92 
93 // SAFETY: The underlying kernel `struct mutex` object ensures mutual exclusion.
94 unsafe impl super::Backend for MutexBackend {
95     type State = bindings::mutex;
96     type GuardState = ();
97 
98     unsafe fn init(
99         ptr: *mut Self::State,
100         name: *const core::ffi::c_char,
101         key: *mut bindings::lock_class_key,
102     ) {
103         // SAFETY: The safety requirements ensure that `ptr` is valid for writes, and `name` and
104         // `key` are valid for read indefinitely.
105         unsafe { bindings::__mutex_init(ptr, name, key) }
106     }
107 
108     unsafe fn lock(ptr: *mut Self::State) -> Self::GuardState {
109         // SAFETY: The safety requirements of this function ensure that `ptr` points to valid
110         // memory, and that it has been initialised before.
111         unsafe { bindings::mutex_lock(ptr) };
112     }
113 
114     unsafe fn unlock(ptr: *mut Self::State, _guard_state: &Self::GuardState) {
115         // SAFETY: The safety requirements of this function ensure that `ptr` is valid and that the
116         // caller is the owner of the mutex.
117         unsafe { bindings::mutex_unlock(ptr) };
118     }
119 }
120