xref: /linux/rust/kernel/init/macros.rs (revision c34e9ab9a612ee8b18273398ef75c207b01f516d)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT
2 
3 //! This module provides the macros that actually implement the proc-macros `pin_data` and
4 //! `pinned_drop`. It also contains `__init_internal` the implementation of the `{try_}{pin_}init!`
5 //! macros.
6 //!
7 //! These macros should never be called directly, since they expect their input to be
8 //! in a certain format which is internal. If used incorrectly, these macros can lead to UB even in
9 //! safe code! Use the public facing macros instead.
10 //!
11 //! This architecture has been chosen because the kernel does not yet have access to `syn` which
12 //! would make matters a lot easier for implementing these as proc-macros.
13 //!
14 //! # Macro expansion example
15 //!
16 //! This section is intended for readers trying to understand the macros in this module and the
17 //! `pin_init!` macros from `init.rs`.
18 //!
19 //! We will look at the following example:
20 //!
21 //! ```rust,ignore
22 //! # use kernel::init::*;
23 //! # use core::pin::Pin;
24 //! #[pin_data]
25 //! #[repr(C)]
26 //! struct Bar<T> {
27 //!     #[pin]
28 //!     t: T,
29 //!     pub x: usize,
30 //! }
31 //!
32 //! impl<T> Bar<T> {
33 //!     fn new(t: T) -> impl PinInit<Self> {
34 //!         pin_init!(Self { t, x: 0 })
35 //!     }
36 //! }
37 //!
38 //! #[pin_data(PinnedDrop)]
39 //! struct Foo {
40 //!     a: usize,
41 //!     #[pin]
42 //!     b: Bar<u32>,
43 //! }
44 //!
45 //! #[pinned_drop]
46 //! impl PinnedDrop for Foo {
47 //!     fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
48 //!         pr_info!("{self:p} is getting dropped.");
49 //!     }
50 //! }
51 //!
52 //! let a = 42;
53 //! let initializer = pin_init!(Foo {
54 //!     a,
55 //!     b <- Bar::new(36),
56 //! });
57 //! ```
58 //!
59 //! This example includes the most common and important features of the pin-init API.
60 //!
61 //! Below you can find individual section about the different macro invocations. Here are some
62 //! general things we need to take into account when designing macros:
63 //! - use global paths, similarly to file paths, these start with the separator: `::core::panic!()`
64 //!   this ensures that the correct item is used, since users could define their own `mod core {}`
65 //!   and then their own `panic!` inside to execute arbitrary code inside of our macro.
66 //! - macro `unsafe` hygiene: we need to ensure that we do not expand arbitrary, user-supplied
67 //!   expressions inside of an `unsafe` block in the macro, because this would allow users to do
68 //!   `unsafe` operations without an associated `unsafe` block.
69 //!
70 //! ## `#[pin_data]` on `Bar`
71 //!
72 //! This macro is used to specify which fields are structurally pinned and which fields are not. It
73 //! is placed on the struct definition and allows `#[pin]` to be placed on the fields.
74 //!
75 //! Here is the definition of `Bar` from our example:
76 //!
77 //! ```rust,ignore
78 //! # use kernel::init::*;
79 //! #[pin_data]
80 //! #[repr(C)]
81 //! struct Bar<T> {
82 //!     #[pin]
83 //!     t: T,
84 //!     pub x: usize,
85 //! }
86 //! ```
87 //!
88 //! This expands to the following code:
89 //!
90 //! ```rust,ignore
91 //! // Firstly the normal definition of the struct, attributes are preserved:
92 //! #[repr(C)]
93 //! struct Bar<T> {
94 //!     t: T,
95 //!     pub x: usize,
96 //! }
97 //! // Then an anonymous constant is defined, this is because we do not want any code to access the
98 //! // types that we define inside:
99 //! const _: () = {
100 //!     // We define the pin-data carrying struct, it is a ZST and needs to have the same generics,
101 //!     // since we need to implement access functions for each field and thus need to know its
102 //!     // type.
103 //!     struct __ThePinData<T> {
104 //!         __phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData<fn(Bar<T>) -> Bar<T>>,
105 //!     }
106 //!     // We implement `Copy` for the pin-data struct, since all functions it defines will take
107 //!     // `self` by value.
108 //!     impl<T> ::core::clone::Clone for __ThePinData<T> {
109 //!         fn clone(&self) -> Self {
110 //!             *self
111 //!         }
112 //!     }
113 //!     impl<T> ::core::marker::Copy for __ThePinData<T> {}
114 //!     // For every field of `Bar`, the pin-data struct will define a function with the same name
115 //!     // and accessor (`pub` or `pub(crate)` etc.). This function will take a pointer to the
116 //!     // field (`slot`) and a `PinInit` or `Init` depending on the projection kind of the field
117 //!     // (if pinning is structural for the field, then `PinInit` otherwise `Init`).
118 //!     #[allow(dead_code)]
119 //!     impl<T> __ThePinData<T> {
120 //!         unsafe fn t<E>(
121 //!             self,
122 //!             slot: *mut T,
123 //!             // Since `t` is `#[pin]`, this is `PinInit`.
124 //!             init: impl ::kernel::init::PinInit<T, E>,
125 //!         ) -> ::core::result::Result<(), E> {
126 //!             unsafe { ::kernel::init::PinInit::__pinned_init(init, slot) }
127 //!         }
128 //!         pub unsafe fn x<E>(
129 //!             self,
130 //!             slot: *mut usize,
131 //!             // Since `x` is not `#[pin]`, this is `Init`.
132 //!             init: impl ::kernel::init::Init<usize, E>,
133 //!         ) -> ::core::result::Result<(), E> {
134 //!             unsafe { ::kernel::init::Init::__init(init, slot) }
135 //!         }
136 //!     }
137 //!     // Implement the internal `HasPinData` trait that associates `Bar` with the pin-data struct
138 //!     // that we constructed above.
139 //!     unsafe impl<T> ::kernel::init::__internal::HasPinData for Bar<T> {
140 //!         type PinData = __ThePinData<T>;
141 //!         unsafe fn __pin_data() -> Self::PinData {
142 //!             __ThePinData {
143 //!                 __phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData,
144 //!             }
145 //!         }
146 //!     }
147 //!     // Implement the internal `PinData` trait that marks the pin-data struct as a pin-data
148 //!     // struct. This is important to ensure that no user can implement a rogue `__pin_data`
149 //!     // function without using `unsafe`.
150 //!     unsafe impl<T> ::kernel::init::__internal::PinData for __ThePinData<T> {
151 //!         type Datee = Bar<T>;
152 //!     }
153 //!     // Now we only want to implement `Unpin` for `Bar` when every structurally pinned field is
154 //!     // `Unpin`. In other words, whether `Bar` is `Unpin` only depends on structurally pinned
155 //!     // fields (those marked with `#[pin]`). These fields will be listed in this struct, in our
156 //!     // case no such fields exist, hence this is almost empty. The two phantomdata fields exist
157 //!     // for two reasons:
158 //!     // - `__phantom`: every generic must be used, since we cannot really know which generics
159 //!     //   are used, we declare all and then use everything here once.
160 //!     // - `__phantom_pin`: uses the `'__pin` lifetime and ensures that this struct is invariant
161 //!     //   over it. The lifetime is needed to work around the limitation that trait bounds must
162 //!     //   not be trivial, e.g. the user has a `#[pin] PhantomPinned` field -- this is
163 //!     //   unconditionally `!Unpin` and results in an error. The lifetime tricks the compiler
164 //!     //   into accepting these bounds regardless.
165 //!     #[allow(dead_code)]
166 //!     struct __Unpin<'__pin, T> {
167 //!         __phantom_pin: ::core::marker::PhantomData<fn(&'__pin ()) -> &'__pin ()>,
168 //!         __phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData<fn(Bar<T>) -> Bar<T>>,
169 //!         // Our only `#[pin]` field is `t`.
170 //!         t: T,
171 //!     }
172 //!     #[doc(hidden)]
173 //!     impl<'__pin, T> ::core::marker::Unpin for Bar<T>
174 //!     where
175 //!         __Unpin<'__pin, T>: ::core::marker::Unpin,
176 //!     {}
177 //!     // Now we need to ensure that `Bar` does not implement `Drop`, since that would give users
178 //!     // access to `&mut self` inside of `drop` even if the struct was pinned. This could lead to
179 //!     // UB with only safe code, so we disallow this by giving a trait implementation error using
180 //!     // a direct impl and a blanket implementation.
181 //!     trait MustNotImplDrop {}
182 //!     // Normally `Drop` bounds do not have the correct semantics, but for this purpose they do
183 //!     // (normally people want to know if a type has any kind of drop glue at all, here we want
184 //!     // to know if it has any kind of custom drop glue, which is exactly what this bound does).
185 //!     #[expect(drop_bounds)]
186 //!     impl<T: ::core::ops::Drop> MustNotImplDrop for T {}
187 //!     impl<T> MustNotImplDrop for Bar<T> {}
188 //!     // Here comes a convenience check, if one implemented `PinnedDrop`, but forgot to add it to
189 //!     // `#[pin_data]`, then this will error with the same mechanic as above, this is not needed
190 //!     // for safety, but a good sanity check, since no normal code calls `PinnedDrop::drop`.
191 //!     #[expect(non_camel_case_types)]
192 //!     trait UselessPinnedDropImpl_you_need_to_specify_PinnedDrop {}
193 //!     impl<
194 //!         T: ::kernel::init::PinnedDrop,
195 //!     > UselessPinnedDropImpl_you_need_to_specify_PinnedDrop for T {}
196 //!     impl<T> UselessPinnedDropImpl_you_need_to_specify_PinnedDrop for Bar<T> {}
197 //! };
198 //! ```
199 //!
200 //! ## `pin_init!` in `impl Bar`
201 //!
202 //! This macro creates an pin-initializer for the given struct. It requires that the struct is
203 //! annotated by `#[pin_data]`.
204 //!
205 //! Here is the impl on `Bar` defining the new function:
206 //!
207 //! ```rust,ignore
208 //! impl<T> Bar<T> {
209 //!     fn new(t: T) -> impl PinInit<Self> {
210 //!         pin_init!(Self { t, x: 0 })
211 //!     }
212 //! }
213 //! ```
214 //!
215 //! This expands to the following code:
216 //!
217 //! ```rust,ignore
218 //! impl<T> Bar<T> {
219 //!     fn new(t: T) -> impl PinInit<Self> {
220 //!         {
221 //!             // We do not want to allow arbitrary returns, so we declare this type as the `Ok`
222 //!             // return type and shadow it later when we insert the arbitrary user code. That way
223 //!             // there will be no possibility of returning without `unsafe`.
224 //!             struct __InitOk;
225 //!             // Get the data about fields from the supplied type.
226 //!             // - the function is unsafe, hence the unsafe block
227 //!             // - we `use` the `HasPinData` trait in the block, it is only available in that
228 //!             //   scope.
229 //!             let data = unsafe {
230 //!                 use ::kernel::init::__internal::HasPinData;
231 //!                 Self::__pin_data()
232 //!             };
233 //!             // Ensure that `data` really is of type `PinData` and help with type inference:
234 //!             let init = ::kernel::init::__internal::PinData::make_closure::<
235 //!                 _,
236 //!                 __InitOk,
237 //!                 ::core::convert::Infallible,
238 //!             >(data, move |slot| {
239 //!                 {
240 //!                     // Shadow the structure so it cannot be used to return early. If a user
241 //!                     // tries to write `return Ok(__InitOk)`, then they get a type error,
242 //!                     // since that will refer to this struct instead of the one defined
243 //!                     // above.
244 //!                     struct __InitOk;
245 //!                     // This is the expansion of `t,`, which is syntactic sugar for `t: t,`.
246 //!                     {
247 //!                         unsafe { ::core::ptr::write(::core::addr_of_mut!((*slot).t), t) };
248 //!                     }
249 //!                     // Since initialization could fail later (not in this case, since the
250 //!                     // error type is `Infallible`) we will need to drop this field if there
251 //!                     // is an error later. This `DropGuard` will drop the field when it gets
252 //!                     // dropped and has not yet been forgotten.
253 //!                     let __t_guard = unsafe {
254 //!                         ::pinned_init::__internal::DropGuard::new(::core::addr_of_mut!((*slot).t))
255 //!                     };
256 //!                     // Expansion of `x: 0,`:
257 //!                     // Since this can be an arbitrary expression we cannot place it inside
258 //!                     // of the `unsafe` block, so we bind it here.
259 //!                     {
260 //!                         let x = 0;
261 //!                         unsafe { ::core::ptr::write(::core::addr_of_mut!((*slot).x), x) };
262 //!                     }
263 //!                     // We again create a `DropGuard`.
264 //!                     let __x_guard = unsafe {
265 //!                         ::kernel::init::__internal::DropGuard::new(::core::addr_of_mut!((*slot).x))
266 //!                     };
267 //!                     // Since initialization has successfully completed, we can now forget
268 //!                     // the guards. This is not `mem::forget`, since we only have
269 //!                     // `&DropGuard`.
270 //!                     ::core::mem::forget(__x_guard);
271 //!                     ::core::mem::forget(__t_guard);
272 //!                     // Here we use the type checker to ensure that every field has been
273 //!                     // initialized exactly once, since this is `if false` it will never get
274 //!                     // executed, but still type-checked.
275 //!                     // Additionally we abuse `slot` to automatically infer the correct type
276 //!                     // for the struct. This is also another check that every field is
277 //!                     // accessible from this scope.
278 //!                     #[allow(unreachable_code, clippy::diverging_sub_expression)]
279 //!                     let _ = || {
280 //!                         unsafe {
281 //!                             ::core::ptr::write(
282 //!                                 slot,
283 //!                                 Self {
284 //!                                     // We only care about typecheck finding every field
285 //!                                     // here, the expression does not matter, just conjure
286 //!                                     // one using `panic!()`:
287 //!                                     t: ::core::panic!(),
288 //!                                     x: ::core::panic!(),
289 //!                                 },
290 //!                             );
291 //!                         };
292 //!                     };
293 //!                 }
294 //!                 // We leave the scope above and gain access to the previously shadowed
295 //!                 // `__InitOk` that we need to return.
296 //!                 Ok(__InitOk)
297 //!             });
298 //!             // Change the return type from `__InitOk` to `()`.
299 //!             let init = move |
300 //!                 slot,
301 //!             | -> ::core::result::Result<(), ::core::convert::Infallible> {
302 //!                 init(slot).map(|__InitOk| ())
303 //!             };
304 //!             // Construct the initializer.
305 //!             let init = unsafe {
306 //!                 ::kernel::init::pin_init_from_closure::<
307 //!                     _,
308 //!                     ::core::convert::Infallible,
309 //!                 >(init)
310 //!             };
311 //!             init
312 //!         }
313 //!     }
314 //! }
315 //! ```
316 //!
317 //! ## `#[pin_data]` on `Foo`
318 //!
319 //! Since we already took a look at `#[pin_data]` on `Bar`, this section will only explain the
320 //! differences/new things in the expansion of the `Foo` definition:
321 //!
322 //! ```rust,ignore
323 //! #[pin_data(PinnedDrop)]
324 //! struct Foo {
325 //!     a: usize,
326 //!     #[pin]
327 //!     b: Bar<u32>,
328 //! }
329 //! ```
330 //!
331 //! This expands to the following code:
332 //!
333 //! ```rust,ignore
334 //! struct Foo {
335 //!     a: usize,
336 //!     b: Bar<u32>,
337 //! }
338 //! const _: () = {
339 //!     struct __ThePinData {
340 //!         __phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData<fn(Foo) -> Foo>,
341 //!     }
342 //!     impl ::core::clone::Clone for __ThePinData {
343 //!         fn clone(&self) -> Self {
344 //!             *self
345 //!         }
346 //!     }
347 //!     impl ::core::marker::Copy for __ThePinData {}
348 //!     #[allow(dead_code)]
349 //!     impl __ThePinData {
350 //!         unsafe fn b<E>(
351 //!             self,
352 //!             slot: *mut Bar<u32>,
353 //!             init: impl ::kernel::init::PinInit<Bar<u32>, E>,
354 //!         ) -> ::core::result::Result<(), E> {
355 //!             unsafe { ::kernel::init::PinInit::__pinned_init(init, slot) }
356 //!         }
357 //!         unsafe fn a<E>(
358 //!             self,
359 //!             slot: *mut usize,
360 //!             init: impl ::kernel::init::Init<usize, E>,
361 //!         ) -> ::core::result::Result<(), E> {
362 //!             unsafe { ::kernel::init::Init::__init(init, slot) }
363 //!         }
364 //!     }
365 //!     unsafe impl ::kernel::init::__internal::HasPinData for Foo {
366 //!         type PinData = __ThePinData;
367 //!         unsafe fn __pin_data() -> Self::PinData {
368 //!             __ThePinData {
369 //!                 __phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData,
370 //!             }
371 //!         }
372 //!     }
373 //!     unsafe impl ::kernel::init::__internal::PinData for __ThePinData {
374 //!         type Datee = Foo;
375 //!     }
376 //!     #[allow(dead_code)]
377 //!     struct __Unpin<'__pin> {
378 //!         __phantom_pin: ::core::marker::PhantomData<fn(&'__pin ()) -> &'__pin ()>,
379 //!         __phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData<fn(Foo) -> Foo>,
380 //!         b: Bar<u32>,
381 //!     }
382 //!     #[doc(hidden)]
383 //!     impl<'__pin> ::core::marker::Unpin for Foo
384 //!     where
385 //!         __Unpin<'__pin>: ::core::marker::Unpin,
386 //!     {}
387 //!     // Since we specified `PinnedDrop` as the argument to `#[pin_data]`, we expect `Foo` to
388 //!     // implement `PinnedDrop`. Thus we do not need to prevent `Drop` implementations like
389 //!     // before, instead we implement `Drop` here and delegate to `PinnedDrop`.
390 //!     impl ::core::ops::Drop for Foo {
391 //!         fn drop(&mut self) {
392 //!             // Since we are getting dropped, no one else has a reference to `self` and thus we
393 //!             // can assume that we never move.
394 //!             let pinned = unsafe { ::core::pin::Pin::new_unchecked(self) };
395 //!             // Create the unsafe token that proves that we are inside of a destructor, this
396 //!             // type is only allowed to be created in a destructor.
397 //!             let token = unsafe { ::kernel::init::__internal::OnlyCallFromDrop::new() };
398 //!             ::kernel::init::PinnedDrop::drop(pinned, token);
399 //!         }
400 //!     }
401 //! };
402 //! ```
403 //!
404 //! ## `#[pinned_drop]` on `impl PinnedDrop for Foo`
405 //!
406 //! This macro is used to implement the `PinnedDrop` trait, since that trait is `unsafe` and has an
407 //! extra parameter that should not be used at all. The macro hides that parameter.
408 //!
409 //! Here is the `PinnedDrop` impl for `Foo`:
410 //!
411 //! ```rust,ignore
412 //! #[pinned_drop]
413 //! impl PinnedDrop for Foo {
414 //!     fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
415 //!         pr_info!("{self:p} is getting dropped.");
416 //!     }
417 //! }
418 //! ```
419 //!
420 //! This expands to the following code:
421 //!
422 //! ```rust,ignore
423 //! // `unsafe`, full path and the token parameter are added, everything else stays the same.
424 //! unsafe impl ::kernel::init::PinnedDrop for Foo {
425 //!     fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>, _: ::kernel::init::__internal::OnlyCallFromDrop) {
426 //!         pr_info!("{self:p} is getting dropped.");
427 //!     }
428 //! }
429 //! ```
430 //!
431 //! ## `pin_init!` on `Foo`
432 //!
433 //! Since we already took a look at `pin_init!` on `Bar`, this section will only show the expansion
434 //! of `pin_init!` on `Foo`:
435 //!
436 //! ```rust,ignore
437 //! let a = 42;
438 //! let initializer = pin_init!(Foo {
439 //!     a,
440 //!     b <- Bar::new(36),
441 //! });
442 //! ```
443 //!
444 //! This expands to the following code:
445 //!
446 //! ```rust,ignore
447 //! let a = 42;
448 //! let initializer = {
449 //!     struct __InitOk;
450 //!     let data = unsafe {
451 //!         use ::kernel::init::__internal::HasPinData;
452 //!         Foo::__pin_data()
453 //!     };
454 //!     let init = ::kernel::init::__internal::PinData::make_closure::<
455 //!         _,
456 //!         __InitOk,
457 //!         ::core::convert::Infallible,
458 //!     >(data, move |slot| {
459 //!         {
460 //!             struct __InitOk;
461 //!             {
462 //!                 unsafe { ::core::ptr::write(::core::addr_of_mut!((*slot).a), a) };
463 //!             }
464 //!             let __a_guard = unsafe {
465 //!                 ::kernel::init::__internal::DropGuard::new(::core::addr_of_mut!((*slot).a))
466 //!             };
467 //!             let init = Bar::new(36);
468 //!             unsafe { data.b(::core::addr_of_mut!((*slot).b), b)? };
469 //!             let __b_guard = unsafe {
470 //!                 ::kernel::init::__internal::DropGuard::new(::core::addr_of_mut!((*slot).b))
471 //!             };
472 //!             ::core::mem::forget(__b_guard);
473 //!             ::core::mem::forget(__a_guard);
474 //!             #[allow(unreachable_code, clippy::diverging_sub_expression)]
475 //!             let _ = || {
476 //!                 unsafe {
477 //!                     ::core::ptr::write(
478 //!                         slot,
479 //!                         Foo {
480 //!                             a: ::core::panic!(),
481 //!                             b: ::core::panic!(),
482 //!                         },
483 //!                     );
484 //!                 };
485 //!             };
486 //!         }
487 //!         Ok(__InitOk)
488 //!     });
489 //!     let init = move |
490 //!         slot,
491 //!     | -> ::core::result::Result<(), ::core::convert::Infallible> {
492 //!         init(slot).map(|__InitOk| ())
493 //!     };
494 //!     let init = unsafe {
495 //!         ::kernel::init::pin_init_from_closure::<_, ::core::convert::Infallible>(init)
496 //!     };
497 //!     init
498 //! };
499 //! ```
500 
501 /// Creates a `unsafe impl<...> PinnedDrop for $type` block.
502 ///
503 /// See [`PinnedDrop`] for more information.
504 #[doc(hidden)]
505 #[macro_export]
506 macro_rules! __pinned_drop {
507     (
508         @impl_sig($($impl_sig:tt)*),
509         @impl_body(
510             $(#[$($attr:tt)*])*
511             fn drop($($sig:tt)*) {
512                 $($inner:tt)*
513             }
514         ),
515     ) => {
516         // SAFETY: TODO.
517         unsafe $($impl_sig)* {
518             // Inherit all attributes and the type/ident tokens for the signature.
519             $(#[$($attr)*])*
520             fn drop($($sig)*, _: $crate::init::__internal::OnlyCallFromDrop) {
521                 $($inner)*
522             }
523         }
524     }
525 }
526 
527 /// This macro first parses the struct definition such that it separates pinned and not pinned
528 /// fields. Afterwards it declares the struct and implement the `PinData` trait safely.
529 #[doc(hidden)]
530 #[macro_export]
531 macro_rules! __pin_data {
532     // Proc-macro entry point, this is supplied by the proc-macro pre-parsing.
533     (parse_input:
534         @args($($pinned_drop:ident)?),
535         @sig(
536             $(#[$($struct_attr:tt)*])*
537             $vis:vis struct $name:ident
538             $(where $($whr:tt)*)?
539         ),
540         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
541         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
542         @decl_generics($($decl_generics:tt)*),
543         @body({ $($fields:tt)* }),
544     ) => {
545         // We now use token munching to iterate through all of the fields. While doing this we
546         // identify fields marked with `#[pin]`, these fields are the 'pinned fields'. The user
547         // wants these to be structurally pinned. The rest of the fields are the
548         // 'not pinned fields'. Additionally we collect all fields, since we need them in the right
549         // order to declare the struct.
550         //
551         // In this call we also put some explaining comments for the parameters.
552         $crate::__pin_data!(find_pinned_fields:
553             // Attributes on the struct itself, these will just be propagated to be put onto the
554             // struct definition.
555             @struct_attrs($(#[$($struct_attr)*])*),
556             // The visibility of the struct.
557             @vis($vis),
558             // The name of the struct.
559             @name($name),
560             // The 'impl generics', the generics that will need to be specified on the struct inside
561             // of an `impl<$ty_generics>` block.
562             @impl_generics($($impl_generics)*),
563             // The 'ty generics', the generics that will need to be specified on the impl blocks.
564             @ty_generics($($ty_generics)*),
565             // The 'decl generics', the generics that need to be specified on the struct
566             // definition.
567             @decl_generics($($decl_generics)*),
568             // The where clause of any impl block and the declaration.
569             @where($($($whr)*)?),
570             // The remaining fields tokens that need to be processed.
571             // We add a `,` at the end to ensure correct parsing.
572             @fields_munch($($fields)* ,),
573             // The pinned fields.
574             @pinned(),
575             // The not pinned fields.
576             @not_pinned(),
577             // All fields.
578             @fields(),
579             // The accumulator containing all attributes already parsed.
580             @accum(),
581             // Contains `yes` or `` to indicate if `#[pin]` was found on the current field.
582             @is_pinned(),
583             // The proc-macro argument, this should be `PinnedDrop` or ``.
584             @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop)?),
585         );
586     };
587     (find_pinned_fields:
588         @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs:tt)*),
589         @vis($vis:vis),
590         @name($name:ident),
591         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
592         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
593         @decl_generics($($decl_generics:tt)*),
594         @where($($whr:tt)*),
595         // We found a PhantomPinned field, this should generally be pinned!
596         @fields_munch($field:ident : $($($(::)?core::)?marker::)?PhantomPinned, $($rest:tt)*),
597         @pinned($($pinned:tt)*),
598         @not_pinned($($not_pinned:tt)*),
599         @fields($($fields:tt)*),
600         @accum($($accum:tt)*),
601         // This field is not pinned.
602         @is_pinned(),
603         @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop:ident)?),
604     ) => {
605         ::core::compile_error!(concat!(
606             "The field `",
607             stringify!($field),
608             "` of type `PhantomPinned` only has an effect, if it has the `#[pin]` attribute.",
609         ));
610         $crate::__pin_data!(find_pinned_fields:
611             @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs)*),
612             @vis($vis),
613             @name($name),
614             @impl_generics($($impl_generics)*),
615             @ty_generics($($ty_generics)*),
616             @decl_generics($($decl_generics)*),
617             @where($($whr)*),
618             @fields_munch($($rest)*),
619             @pinned($($pinned)* $($accum)* $field: ::core::marker::PhantomPinned,),
620             @not_pinned($($not_pinned)*),
621             @fields($($fields)* $($accum)* $field: ::core::marker::PhantomPinned,),
622             @accum(),
623             @is_pinned(),
624             @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop)?),
625         );
626     };
627     (find_pinned_fields:
628         @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs:tt)*),
629         @vis($vis:vis),
630         @name($name:ident),
631         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
632         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
633         @decl_generics($($decl_generics:tt)*),
634         @where($($whr:tt)*),
635         // We reached the field declaration.
636         @fields_munch($field:ident : $type:ty, $($rest:tt)*),
637         @pinned($($pinned:tt)*),
638         @not_pinned($($not_pinned:tt)*),
639         @fields($($fields:tt)*),
640         @accum($($accum:tt)*),
641         // This field is pinned.
642         @is_pinned(yes),
643         @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop:ident)?),
644     ) => {
645         $crate::__pin_data!(find_pinned_fields:
646             @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs)*),
647             @vis($vis),
648             @name($name),
649             @impl_generics($($impl_generics)*),
650             @ty_generics($($ty_generics)*),
651             @decl_generics($($decl_generics)*),
652             @where($($whr)*),
653             @fields_munch($($rest)*),
654             @pinned($($pinned)* $($accum)* $field: $type,),
655             @not_pinned($($not_pinned)*),
656             @fields($($fields)* $($accum)* $field: $type,),
657             @accum(),
658             @is_pinned(),
659             @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop)?),
660         );
661     };
662     (find_pinned_fields:
663         @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs:tt)*),
664         @vis($vis:vis),
665         @name($name:ident),
666         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
667         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
668         @decl_generics($($decl_generics:tt)*),
669         @where($($whr:tt)*),
670         // We reached the field declaration.
671         @fields_munch($field:ident : $type:ty, $($rest:tt)*),
672         @pinned($($pinned:tt)*),
673         @not_pinned($($not_pinned:tt)*),
674         @fields($($fields:tt)*),
675         @accum($($accum:tt)*),
676         // This field is not pinned.
677         @is_pinned(),
678         @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop:ident)?),
679     ) => {
680         $crate::__pin_data!(find_pinned_fields:
681             @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs)*),
682             @vis($vis),
683             @name($name),
684             @impl_generics($($impl_generics)*),
685             @ty_generics($($ty_generics)*),
686             @decl_generics($($decl_generics)*),
687             @where($($whr)*),
688             @fields_munch($($rest)*),
689             @pinned($($pinned)*),
690             @not_pinned($($not_pinned)* $($accum)* $field: $type,),
691             @fields($($fields)* $($accum)* $field: $type,),
692             @accum(),
693             @is_pinned(),
694             @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop)?),
695         );
696     };
697     (find_pinned_fields:
698         @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs:tt)*),
699         @vis($vis:vis),
700         @name($name:ident),
701         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
702         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
703         @decl_generics($($decl_generics:tt)*),
704         @where($($whr:tt)*),
705         // We found the `#[pin]` attr.
706         @fields_munch(#[pin] $($rest:tt)*),
707         @pinned($($pinned:tt)*),
708         @not_pinned($($not_pinned:tt)*),
709         @fields($($fields:tt)*),
710         @accum($($accum:tt)*),
711         @is_pinned($($is_pinned:ident)?),
712         @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop:ident)?),
713     ) => {
714         $crate::__pin_data!(find_pinned_fields:
715             @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs)*),
716             @vis($vis),
717             @name($name),
718             @impl_generics($($impl_generics)*),
719             @ty_generics($($ty_generics)*),
720             @decl_generics($($decl_generics)*),
721             @where($($whr)*),
722             @fields_munch($($rest)*),
723             // We do not include `#[pin]` in the list of attributes, since it is not actually an
724             // attribute that is defined somewhere.
725             @pinned($($pinned)*),
726             @not_pinned($($not_pinned)*),
727             @fields($($fields)*),
728             @accum($($accum)*),
729             // Set this to `yes`.
730             @is_pinned(yes),
731             @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop)?),
732         );
733     };
734     (find_pinned_fields:
735         @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs:tt)*),
736         @vis($vis:vis),
737         @name($name:ident),
738         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
739         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
740         @decl_generics($($decl_generics:tt)*),
741         @where($($whr:tt)*),
742         // We reached the field declaration with visibility, for simplicity we only munch the
743         // visibility and put it into `$accum`.
744         @fields_munch($fvis:vis $field:ident $($rest:tt)*),
745         @pinned($($pinned:tt)*),
746         @not_pinned($($not_pinned:tt)*),
747         @fields($($fields:tt)*),
748         @accum($($accum:tt)*),
749         @is_pinned($($is_pinned:ident)?),
750         @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop:ident)?),
751     ) => {
752         $crate::__pin_data!(find_pinned_fields:
753             @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs)*),
754             @vis($vis),
755             @name($name),
756             @impl_generics($($impl_generics)*),
757             @ty_generics($($ty_generics)*),
758             @decl_generics($($decl_generics)*),
759             @where($($whr)*),
760             @fields_munch($field $($rest)*),
761             @pinned($($pinned)*),
762             @not_pinned($($not_pinned)*),
763             @fields($($fields)*),
764             @accum($($accum)* $fvis),
765             @is_pinned($($is_pinned)?),
766             @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop)?),
767         );
768     };
769     (find_pinned_fields:
770         @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs:tt)*),
771         @vis($vis:vis),
772         @name($name:ident),
773         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
774         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
775         @decl_generics($($decl_generics:tt)*),
776         @where($($whr:tt)*),
777         // Some other attribute, just put it into `$accum`.
778         @fields_munch(#[$($attr:tt)*] $($rest:tt)*),
779         @pinned($($pinned:tt)*),
780         @not_pinned($($not_pinned:tt)*),
781         @fields($($fields:tt)*),
782         @accum($($accum:tt)*),
783         @is_pinned($($is_pinned:ident)?),
784         @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop:ident)?),
785     ) => {
786         $crate::__pin_data!(find_pinned_fields:
787             @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs)*),
788             @vis($vis),
789             @name($name),
790             @impl_generics($($impl_generics)*),
791             @ty_generics($($ty_generics)*),
792             @decl_generics($($decl_generics)*),
793             @where($($whr)*),
794             @fields_munch($($rest)*),
795             @pinned($($pinned)*),
796             @not_pinned($($not_pinned)*),
797             @fields($($fields)*),
798             @accum($($accum)* #[$($attr)*]),
799             @is_pinned($($is_pinned)?),
800             @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop)?),
801         );
802     };
803     (find_pinned_fields:
804         @struct_attrs($($struct_attrs:tt)*),
805         @vis($vis:vis),
806         @name($name:ident),
807         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
808         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
809         @decl_generics($($decl_generics:tt)*),
810         @where($($whr:tt)*),
811         // We reached the end of the fields, plus an optional additional comma, since we added one
812         // before and the user is also allowed to put a trailing comma.
813         @fields_munch($(,)?),
814         @pinned($($pinned:tt)*),
815         @not_pinned($($not_pinned:tt)*),
816         @fields($($fields:tt)*),
817         @accum(),
818         @is_pinned(),
819         @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop:ident)?),
820     ) => {
821         // Declare the struct with all fields in the correct order.
822         $($struct_attrs)*
823         $vis struct $name <$($decl_generics)*>
824         where $($whr)*
825         {
826             $($fields)*
827         }
828 
829         // We put the rest into this const item, because it then will not be accessible to anything
830         // outside.
831         const _: () = {
832             // We declare this struct which will host all of the projection function for our type.
833             // it will be invariant over all generic parameters which are inherited from the
834             // struct.
835             $vis struct __ThePinData<$($impl_generics)*>
836             where $($whr)*
837             {
838                 __phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData<
839                     fn($name<$($ty_generics)*>) -> $name<$($ty_generics)*>
840                 >,
841             }
842 
843             impl<$($impl_generics)*> ::core::clone::Clone for __ThePinData<$($ty_generics)*>
844             where $($whr)*
845             {
846                 fn clone(&self) -> Self { *self }
847             }
848 
849             impl<$($impl_generics)*> ::core::marker::Copy for __ThePinData<$($ty_generics)*>
850             where $($whr)*
851             {}
852 
853             // Make all projection functions.
854             $crate::__pin_data!(make_pin_data:
855                 @pin_data(__ThePinData),
856                 @impl_generics($($impl_generics)*),
857                 @ty_generics($($ty_generics)*),
858                 @where($($whr)*),
859                 @pinned($($pinned)*),
860                 @not_pinned($($not_pinned)*),
861             );
862 
863             // SAFETY: We have added the correct projection functions above to `__ThePinData` and
864             // we also use the least restrictive generics possible.
865             unsafe impl<$($impl_generics)*>
866                 $crate::init::__internal::HasPinData for $name<$($ty_generics)*>
867             where $($whr)*
868             {
869                 type PinData = __ThePinData<$($ty_generics)*>;
870 
871                 unsafe fn __pin_data() -> Self::PinData {
872                     __ThePinData { __phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData }
873                 }
874             }
875 
876             // SAFETY: TODO.
877             unsafe impl<$($impl_generics)*>
878                 $crate::init::__internal::PinData for __ThePinData<$($ty_generics)*>
879             where $($whr)*
880             {
881                 type Datee = $name<$($ty_generics)*>;
882             }
883 
884             // This struct will be used for the unpin analysis. Since only structurally pinned
885             // fields are relevant whether the struct should implement `Unpin`.
886             #[allow(dead_code)]
887             struct __Unpin <'__pin, $($impl_generics)*>
888             where $($whr)*
889             {
890                 __phantom_pin: ::core::marker::PhantomData<fn(&'__pin ()) -> &'__pin ()>,
891                 __phantom: ::core::marker::PhantomData<
892                     fn($name<$($ty_generics)*>) -> $name<$($ty_generics)*>
893                 >,
894                 // Only the pinned fields.
895                 $($pinned)*
896             }
897 
898             #[doc(hidden)]
899             impl<'__pin, $($impl_generics)*> ::core::marker::Unpin for $name<$($ty_generics)*>
900             where
901                 __Unpin<'__pin, $($ty_generics)*>: ::core::marker::Unpin,
902                 $($whr)*
903             {}
904 
905             // We need to disallow normal `Drop` implementation, the exact behavior depends on
906             // whether `PinnedDrop` was specified as the parameter.
907             $crate::__pin_data!(drop_prevention:
908                 @name($name),
909                 @impl_generics($($impl_generics)*),
910                 @ty_generics($($ty_generics)*),
911                 @where($($whr)*),
912                 @pinned_drop($($pinned_drop)?),
913             );
914         };
915     };
916     // When no `PinnedDrop` was specified, then we have to prevent implementing drop.
917     (drop_prevention:
918         @name($name:ident),
919         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
920         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
921         @where($($whr:tt)*),
922         @pinned_drop(),
923     ) => {
924         // We prevent this by creating a trait that will be implemented for all types implementing
925         // `Drop`. Additionally we will implement this trait for the struct leading to a conflict,
926         // if it also implements `Drop`
927         trait MustNotImplDrop {}
928         #[expect(drop_bounds)]
929         impl<T: ::core::ops::Drop> MustNotImplDrop for T {}
930         impl<$($impl_generics)*> MustNotImplDrop for $name<$($ty_generics)*>
931         where $($whr)* {}
932         // We also take care to prevent users from writing a useless `PinnedDrop` implementation.
933         // They might implement `PinnedDrop` correctly for the struct, but forget to give
934         // `PinnedDrop` as the parameter to `#[pin_data]`.
935         #[expect(non_camel_case_types)]
936         trait UselessPinnedDropImpl_you_need_to_specify_PinnedDrop {}
937         impl<T: $crate::init::PinnedDrop>
938             UselessPinnedDropImpl_you_need_to_specify_PinnedDrop for T {}
939         impl<$($impl_generics)*>
940             UselessPinnedDropImpl_you_need_to_specify_PinnedDrop for $name<$($ty_generics)*>
941         where $($whr)* {}
942     };
943     // When `PinnedDrop` was specified we just implement `Drop` and delegate.
944     (drop_prevention:
945         @name($name:ident),
946         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
947         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
948         @where($($whr:tt)*),
949         @pinned_drop(PinnedDrop),
950     ) => {
951         impl<$($impl_generics)*> ::core::ops::Drop for $name<$($ty_generics)*>
952         where $($whr)*
953         {
954             fn drop(&mut self) {
955                 // SAFETY: Since this is a destructor, `self` will not move after this function
956                 // terminates, since it is inaccessible.
957                 let pinned = unsafe { ::core::pin::Pin::new_unchecked(self) };
958                 // SAFETY: Since this is a drop function, we can create this token to call the
959                 // pinned destructor of this type.
960                 let token = unsafe { $crate::init::__internal::OnlyCallFromDrop::new() };
961                 $crate::init::PinnedDrop::drop(pinned, token);
962             }
963         }
964     };
965     // If some other parameter was specified, we emit a readable error.
966     (drop_prevention:
967         @name($name:ident),
968         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
969         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
970         @where($($whr:tt)*),
971         @pinned_drop($($rest:tt)*),
972     ) => {
973         compile_error!(
974             "Wrong parameters to `#[pin_data]`, expected nothing or `PinnedDrop`, got '{}'.",
975             stringify!($($rest)*),
976         );
977     };
978     (make_pin_data:
979         @pin_data($pin_data:ident),
980         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
981         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
982         @where($($whr:tt)*),
983         @pinned($($(#[$($p_attr:tt)*])* $pvis:vis $p_field:ident : $p_type:ty),* $(,)?),
984         @not_pinned($($(#[$($attr:tt)*])* $fvis:vis $field:ident : $type:ty),* $(,)?),
985     ) => {
986         // For every field, we create a projection function according to its projection type. If a
987         // field is structurally pinned, then it must be initialized via `PinInit`, if it is not
988         // structurally pinned, then it can be initialized via `Init`.
989         //
990         // The functions are `unsafe` to prevent accidentally calling them.
991         #[allow(dead_code)]
992         #[expect(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
993         impl<$($impl_generics)*> $pin_data<$($ty_generics)*>
994         where $($whr)*
995         {
996             $(
997                 $(#[$($p_attr)*])*
998                 $pvis unsafe fn $p_field<E>(
999                     self,
1000                     slot: *mut $p_type,
1001                     init: impl $crate::init::PinInit<$p_type, E>,
1002                 ) -> ::core::result::Result<(), E> {
1003                     // SAFETY: TODO.
1004                     unsafe { $crate::init::PinInit::__pinned_init(init, slot) }
1005                 }
1006             )*
1007             $(
1008                 $(#[$($attr)*])*
1009                 $fvis unsafe fn $field<E>(
1010                     self,
1011                     slot: *mut $type,
1012                     init: impl $crate::init::Init<$type, E>,
1013                 ) -> ::core::result::Result<(), E> {
1014                     // SAFETY: TODO.
1015                     unsafe { $crate::init::Init::__init(init, slot) }
1016                 }
1017             )*
1018         }
1019     };
1020 }
1021 
1022 /// The internal init macro. Do not call manually!
1023 ///
1024 /// This is called by the `{try_}{pin_}init!` macros with various inputs.
1025 ///
1026 /// This macro has multiple internal call configurations, these are always the very first ident:
1027 /// - nothing: this is the base case and called by the `{try_}{pin_}init!` macros.
1028 /// - `with_update_parsed`: when the `..Zeroable::zeroed()` syntax has been handled.
1029 /// - `init_slot`: recursively creates the code that initializes all fields in `slot`.
1030 /// - `make_initializer`: recursively create the struct initializer that guarantees that every
1031 ///   field has been initialized exactly once.
1032 #[doc(hidden)]
1033 #[macro_export]
1034 macro_rules! __init_internal {
1035     (
1036         @this($($this:ident)?),
1037         @typ($t:path),
1038         @fields($($fields:tt)*),
1039         @error($err:ty),
1040         // Either `PinData` or `InitData`, `$use_data` should only be present in the `PinData`
1041         // case.
1042         @data($data:ident, $($use_data:ident)?),
1043         // `HasPinData` or `HasInitData`.
1044         @has_data($has_data:ident, $get_data:ident),
1045         // `pin_init_from_closure` or `init_from_closure`.
1046         @construct_closure($construct_closure:ident),
1047         @munch_fields(),
1048     ) => {
1049         $crate::__init_internal!(with_update_parsed:
1050             @this($($this)?),
1051             @typ($t),
1052             @fields($($fields)*),
1053             @error($err),
1054             @data($data, $($use_data)?),
1055             @has_data($has_data, $get_data),
1056             @construct_closure($construct_closure),
1057             @zeroed(), // Nothing means default behavior.
1058         )
1059     };
1060     (
1061         @this($($this:ident)?),
1062         @typ($t:path),
1063         @fields($($fields:tt)*),
1064         @error($err:ty),
1065         // Either `PinData` or `InitData`, `$use_data` should only be present in the `PinData`
1066         // case.
1067         @data($data:ident, $($use_data:ident)?),
1068         // `HasPinData` or `HasInitData`.
1069         @has_data($has_data:ident, $get_data:ident),
1070         // `pin_init_from_closure` or `init_from_closure`.
1071         @construct_closure($construct_closure:ident),
1072         @munch_fields(..Zeroable::zeroed()),
1073     ) => {
1074         $crate::__init_internal!(with_update_parsed:
1075             @this($($this)?),
1076             @typ($t),
1077             @fields($($fields)*),
1078             @error($err),
1079             @data($data, $($use_data)?),
1080             @has_data($has_data, $get_data),
1081             @construct_closure($construct_closure),
1082             @zeroed(()), // `()` means zero all fields not mentioned.
1083         )
1084     };
1085     (
1086         @this($($this:ident)?),
1087         @typ($t:path),
1088         @fields($($fields:tt)*),
1089         @error($err:ty),
1090         // Either `PinData` or `InitData`, `$use_data` should only be present in the `PinData`
1091         // case.
1092         @data($data:ident, $($use_data:ident)?),
1093         // `HasPinData` or `HasInitData`.
1094         @has_data($has_data:ident, $get_data:ident),
1095         // `pin_init_from_closure` or `init_from_closure`.
1096         @construct_closure($construct_closure:ident),
1097         @munch_fields($ignore:tt $($rest:tt)*),
1098     ) => {
1099         $crate::__init_internal!(
1100             @this($($this)?),
1101             @typ($t),
1102             @fields($($fields)*),
1103             @error($err),
1104             @data($data, $($use_data)?),
1105             @has_data($has_data, $get_data),
1106             @construct_closure($construct_closure),
1107             @munch_fields($($rest)*),
1108         )
1109     };
1110     (with_update_parsed:
1111         @this($($this:ident)?),
1112         @typ($t:path),
1113         @fields($($fields:tt)*),
1114         @error($err:ty),
1115         // Either `PinData` or `InitData`, `$use_data` should only be present in the `PinData`
1116         // case.
1117         @data($data:ident, $($use_data:ident)?),
1118         // `HasPinData` or `HasInitData`.
1119         @has_data($has_data:ident, $get_data:ident),
1120         // `pin_init_from_closure` or `init_from_closure`.
1121         @construct_closure($construct_closure:ident),
1122         @zeroed($($init_zeroed:expr)?),
1123     ) => {{
1124         // We do not want to allow arbitrary returns, so we declare this type as the `Ok` return
1125         // type and shadow it later when we insert the arbitrary user code. That way there will be
1126         // no possibility of returning without `unsafe`.
1127         struct __InitOk;
1128         // Get the data about fields from the supplied type.
1129         //
1130         // SAFETY: TODO.
1131         let data = unsafe {
1132             use $crate::init::__internal::$has_data;
1133             // Here we abuse `paste!` to retokenize `$t`. Declarative macros have some internal
1134             // information that is associated to already parsed fragments, so a path fragment
1135             // cannot be used in this position. Doing the retokenization results in valid rust
1136             // code.
1137             ::kernel::macros::paste!($t::$get_data())
1138         };
1139         // Ensure that `data` really is of type `$data` and help with type inference:
1140         let init = $crate::init::__internal::$data::make_closure::<_, __InitOk, $err>(
1141             data,
1142             move |slot| {
1143                 {
1144                     // Shadow the structure so it cannot be used to return early.
1145                     struct __InitOk;
1146                     // If `$init_zeroed` is present we should zero the slot now and not emit an
1147                     // error when fields are missing (since they will be zeroed). We also have to
1148                     // check that the type actually implements `Zeroable`.
1149                     $({
1150                         fn assert_zeroable<T: $crate::init::Zeroable>(_: *mut T) {}
1151                         // Ensure that the struct is indeed `Zeroable`.
1152                         assert_zeroable(slot);
1153                         // SAFETY: The type implements `Zeroable` by the check above.
1154                         unsafe { ::core::ptr::write_bytes(slot, 0, 1) };
1155                         $init_zeroed // This will be `()` if set.
1156                     })?
1157                     // Create the `this` so it can be referenced by the user inside of the
1158                     // expressions creating the individual fields.
1159                     $(let $this = unsafe { ::core::ptr::NonNull::new_unchecked(slot) };)?
1160                     // Initialize every field.
1161                     $crate::__init_internal!(init_slot($($use_data)?):
1162                         @data(data),
1163                         @slot(slot),
1164                         @guards(),
1165                         @munch_fields($($fields)*,),
1166                     );
1167                     // We use unreachable code to ensure that all fields have been mentioned exactly
1168                     // once, this struct initializer will still be type-checked and complain with a
1169                     // very natural error message if a field is forgotten/mentioned more than once.
1170                     #[allow(unreachable_code, clippy::diverging_sub_expression)]
1171                     let _ = || {
1172                         $crate::__init_internal!(make_initializer:
1173                             @slot(slot),
1174                             @type_name($t),
1175                             @munch_fields($($fields)*,),
1176                             @acc(),
1177                         );
1178                     };
1179                 }
1180                 Ok(__InitOk)
1181             }
1182         );
1183         let init = move |slot| -> ::core::result::Result<(), $err> {
1184             init(slot).map(|__InitOk| ())
1185         };
1186         // SAFETY: TODO.
1187         let init = unsafe { $crate::init::$construct_closure::<_, $err>(init) };
1188         init
1189     }};
1190     (init_slot($($use_data:ident)?):
1191         @data($data:ident),
1192         @slot($slot:ident),
1193         @guards($($guards:ident,)*),
1194         @munch_fields($(..Zeroable::zeroed())? $(,)?),
1195     ) => {
1196         // Endpoint of munching, no fields are left. If execution reaches this point, all fields
1197         // have been initialized. Therefore we can now dismiss the guards by forgetting them.
1198         $(::core::mem::forget($guards);)*
1199     };
1200     (init_slot($use_data:ident): // `use_data` is present, so we use the `data` to init fields.
1201         @data($data:ident),
1202         @slot($slot:ident),
1203         @guards($($guards:ident,)*),
1204         // In-place initialization syntax.
1205         @munch_fields($field:ident <- $val:expr, $($rest:tt)*),
1206     ) => {
1207         let init = $val;
1208         // Call the initializer.
1209         //
1210         // SAFETY: `slot` is valid, because we are inside of an initializer closure, we
1211         // return when an error/panic occurs.
1212         // We also use the `data` to require the correct trait (`Init` or `PinInit`) for `$field`.
1213         unsafe { $data.$field(::core::ptr::addr_of_mut!((*$slot).$field), init)? };
1214         // Create the drop guard:
1215         //
1216         // We rely on macro hygiene to make it impossible for users to access this local variable.
1217         // We use `paste!` to create new hygiene for `$field`.
1218         ::kernel::macros::paste! {
1219             // SAFETY: We forget the guard later when initialization has succeeded.
1220             let [< __ $field _guard >] = unsafe {
1221                 $crate::init::__internal::DropGuard::new(::core::ptr::addr_of_mut!((*$slot).$field))
1222             };
1223 
1224             $crate::__init_internal!(init_slot($use_data):
1225                 @data($data),
1226                 @slot($slot),
1227                 @guards([< __ $field _guard >], $($guards,)*),
1228                 @munch_fields($($rest)*),
1229             );
1230         }
1231     };
1232     (init_slot(): // No `use_data`, so we use `Init::__init` directly.
1233         @data($data:ident),
1234         @slot($slot:ident),
1235         @guards($($guards:ident,)*),
1236         // In-place initialization syntax.
1237         @munch_fields($field:ident <- $val:expr, $($rest:tt)*),
1238     ) => {
1239         let init = $val;
1240         // Call the initializer.
1241         //
1242         // SAFETY: `slot` is valid, because we are inside of an initializer closure, we
1243         // return when an error/panic occurs.
1244         unsafe { $crate::init::Init::__init(init, ::core::ptr::addr_of_mut!((*$slot).$field))? };
1245         // Create the drop guard:
1246         //
1247         // We rely on macro hygiene to make it impossible for users to access this local variable.
1248         // We use `paste!` to create new hygiene for `$field`.
1249         ::kernel::macros::paste! {
1250             // SAFETY: We forget the guard later when initialization has succeeded.
1251             let [< __ $field _guard >] = unsafe {
1252                 $crate::init::__internal::DropGuard::new(::core::ptr::addr_of_mut!((*$slot).$field))
1253             };
1254 
1255             $crate::__init_internal!(init_slot():
1256                 @data($data),
1257                 @slot($slot),
1258                 @guards([< __ $field _guard >], $($guards,)*),
1259                 @munch_fields($($rest)*),
1260             );
1261         }
1262     };
1263     (init_slot($($use_data:ident)?):
1264         @data($data:ident),
1265         @slot($slot:ident),
1266         @guards($($guards:ident,)*),
1267         // Init by-value.
1268         @munch_fields($field:ident $(: $val:expr)?, $($rest:tt)*),
1269     ) => {
1270         {
1271             $(let $field = $val;)?
1272             // Initialize the field.
1273             //
1274             // SAFETY: The memory at `slot` is uninitialized.
1275             unsafe { ::core::ptr::write(::core::ptr::addr_of_mut!((*$slot).$field), $field) };
1276         }
1277         // Create the drop guard:
1278         //
1279         // We rely on macro hygiene to make it impossible for users to access this local variable.
1280         // We use `paste!` to create new hygiene for `$field`.
1281         ::kernel::macros::paste! {
1282             // SAFETY: We forget the guard later when initialization has succeeded.
1283             let [< __ $field _guard >] = unsafe {
1284                 $crate::init::__internal::DropGuard::new(::core::ptr::addr_of_mut!((*$slot).$field))
1285             };
1286 
1287             $crate::__init_internal!(init_slot($($use_data)?):
1288                 @data($data),
1289                 @slot($slot),
1290                 @guards([< __ $field _guard >], $($guards,)*),
1291                 @munch_fields($($rest)*),
1292             );
1293         }
1294     };
1295     (make_initializer:
1296         @slot($slot:ident),
1297         @type_name($t:path),
1298         @munch_fields(..Zeroable::zeroed() $(,)?),
1299         @acc($($acc:tt)*),
1300     ) => {
1301         // Endpoint, nothing more to munch, create the initializer. Since the users specified
1302         // `..Zeroable::zeroed()`, the slot will already have been zeroed and all field that have
1303         // not been overwritten are thus zero and initialized. We still check that all fields are
1304         // actually accessible by using the struct update syntax ourselves.
1305         // We are inside of a closure that is never executed and thus we can abuse `slot` to
1306         // get the correct type inference here:
1307         #[allow(unused_assignments)]
1308         unsafe {
1309             let mut zeroed = ::core::mem::zeroed();
1310             // We have to use type inference here to make zeroed have the correct type. This does
1311             // not get executed, so it has no effect.
1312             ::core::ptr::write($slot, zeroed);
1313             zeroed = ::core::mem::zeroed();
1314             // Here we abuse `paste!` to retokenize `$t`. Declarative macros have some internal
1315             // information that is associated to already parsed fragments, so a path fragment
1316             // cannot be used in this position. Doing the retokenization results in valid rust
1317             // code.
1318             ::kernel::macros::paste!(
1319                 ::core::ptr::write($slot, $t {
1320                     $($acc)*
1321                     ..zeroed
1322                 });
1323             );
1324         }
1325     };
1326     (make_initializer:
1327         @slot($slot:ident),
1328         @type_name($t:path),
1329         @munch_fields($(,)?),
1330         @acc($($acc:tt)*),
1331     ) => {
1332         // Endpoint, nothing more to munch, create the initializer.
1333         // Since we are in the closure that is never called, this will never get executed.
1334         // We abuse `slot` to get the correct type inference here:
1335         //
1336         // SAFETY: TODO.
1337         unsafe {
1338             // Here we abuse `paste!` to retokenize `$t`. Declarative macros have some internal
1339             // information that is associated to already parsed fragments, so a path fragment
1340             // cannot be used in this position. Doing the retokenization results in valid rust
1341             // code.
1342             ::kernel::macros::paste!(
1343                 ::core::ptr::write($slot, $t {
1344                     $($acc)*
1345                 });
1346             );
1347         }
1348     };
1349     (make_initializer:
1350         @slot($slot:ident),
1351         @type_name($t:path),
1352         @munch_fields($field:ident <- $val:expr, $($rest:tt)*),
1353         @acc($($acc:tt)*),
1354     ) => {
1355         $crate::__init_internal!(make_initializer:
1356             @slot($slot),
1357             @type_name($t),
1358             @munch_fields($($rest)*),
1359             @acc($($acc)* $field: ::core::panic!(),),
1360         );
1361     };
1362     (make_initializer:
1363         @slot($slot:ident),
1364         @type_name($t:path),
1365         @munch_fields($field:ident $(: $val:expr)?, $($rest:tt)*),
1366         @acc($($acc:tt)*),
1367     ) => {
1368         $crate::__init_internal!(make_initializer:
1369             @slot($slot),
1370             @type_name($t),
1371             @munch_fields($($rest)*),
1372             @acc($($acc)* $field: ::core::panic!(),),
1373         );
1374     };
1375 }
1376 
1377 #[doc(hidden)]
1378 #[macro_export]
1379 macro_rules! __derive_zeroable {
1380     (parse_input:
1381         @sig(
1382             $(#[$($struct_attr:tt)*])*
1383             $vis:vis struct $name:ident
1384             $(where $($whr:tt)*)?
1385         ),
1386         @impl_generics($($impl_generics:tt)*),
1387         @ty_generics($($ty_generics:tt)*),
1388         @body({
1389             $(
1390                 $(#[$($field_attr:tt)*])*
1391                 $field:ident : $field_ty:ty
1392             ),* $(,)?
1393         }),
1394     ) => {
1395         // SAFETY: Every field type implements `Zeroable` and padding bytes may be zero.
1396         #[automatically_derived]
1397         unsafe impl<$($impl_generics)*> $crate::init::Zeroable for $name<$($ty_generics)*>
1398         where
1399             $($($whr)*)?
1400         {}
1401         const _: () = {
1402             fn assert_zeroable<T: ?::core::marker::Sized + $crate::init::Zeroable>() {}
1403             fn ensure_zeroable<$($impl_generics)*>()
1404                 where $($($whr)*)?
1405             {
1406                 $(assert_zeroable::<$field_ty>();)*
1407             }
1408         };
1409     };
1410 }
1411