xref: /linux/rust/kernel/alloc/allocator.rs (revision 1b1a946dc2b535785663742f9e4f15fd64bece60)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 
3 //! Allocator support.
4 //!
5 //! Documentation for the kernel's memory allocators can found in the "Memory Allocation Guide"
6 //! linked below. For instance, this includes the concept of "get free page" (GFP) flags and the
7 //! typical application of the different kernel allocators.
8 //!
9 //! Reference: <https://docs.kernel.org/core-api/memory-allocation.html>
10 
11 use super::Flags;
12 use core::alloc::Layout;
13 use core::ptr;
14 use core::ptr::NonNull;
15 
16 use crate::alloc::{AllocError, Allocator};
17 use crate::bindings;
18 use crate::pr_warn;
19 
20 const ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN: usize = bindings::ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN;
21 
22 /// The contiguous kernel allocator.
23 ///
24 /// `Kmalloc` is typically used for physically contiguous allocations up to page size, but also
25 /// supports larger allocations up to `bindings::KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE`, which is hardware specific.
26 ///
27 /// For more details see [self].
28 pub struct Kmalloc;
29 
30 /// The virtually contiguous kernel allocator.
31 ///
32 /// `Vmalloc` allocates pages from the page level allocator and maps them into the contiguous kernel
33 /// virtual space. It is typically used for large allocations. The memory allocated with this
34 /// allocator is not physically contiguous.
35 ///
36 /// For more details see [self].
37 pub struct Vmalloc;
38 
39 /// The kvmalloc kernel allocator.
40 ///
41 /// `KVmalloc` attempts to allocate memory with `Kmalloc` first, but falls back to `Vmalloc` upon
42 /// failure. This allocator is typically used when the size for the requested allocation is not
43 /// known and may exceed the capabilities of `Kmalloc`.
44 ///
45 /// For more details see [self].
46 pub struct KVmalloc;
47 
48 /// Returns a proper size to alloc a new object aligned to `new_layout`'s alignment.
49 fn aligned_size(new_layout: Layout) -> usize {
50     // Customized layouts from `Layout::from_size_align()` can have size < align, so pad first.
51     let layout = new_layout.pad_to_align();
52 
53     // Note that `layout.size()` (after padding) is guaranteed to be a multiple of `layout.align()`
54     // which together with the slab guarantees means the `krealloc` will return a properly aligned
55     // object (see comments in `kmalloc()` for more information).
56     layout.size()
57 }
58 
59 /// # Invariants
60 ///
61 /// One of the following: `krealloc`, `vrealloc`, `kvrealloc`.
62 struct ReallocFunc(
63     unsafe extern "C" fn(*const crate::ffi::c_void, usize, u32) -> *mut crate::ffi::c_void,
64 );
65 
66 impl ReallocFunc {
67     // INVARIANT: `krealloc` satisfies the type invariants.
68     const KREALLOC: Self = Self(bindings::krealloc);
69 
70     // INVARIANT: `vrealloc` satisfies the type invariants.
71     const VREALLOC: Self = Self(bindings::vrealloc);
72 
73     // INVARIANT: `kvrealloc` satisfies the type invariants.
74     const KVREALLOC: Self = Self(bindings::kvrealloc);
75 
76     /// # Safety
77     ///
78     /// This method has the same safety requirements as [`Allocator::realloc`].
79     ///
80     /// # Guarantees
81     ///
82     /// This method has the same guarantees as `Allocator::realloc`. Additionally
83     /// - it accepts any pointer to a valid memory allocation allocated by this function.
84     /// - memory allocated by this function remains valid until it is passed to this function.
85     #[inline]
86     unsafe fn call(
87         &self,
88         ptr: Option<NonNull<u8>>,
89         layout: Layout,
90         old_layout: Layout,
91         flags: Flags,
92     ) -> Result<NonNull<[u8]>, AllocError> {
93         let size = aligned_size(layout);
94         let ptr = match ptr {
95             Some(ptr) => {
96                 if old_layout.size() == 0 {
97                     ptr::null()
98                 } else {
99                     ptr.as_ptr()
100                 }
101             }
102             None => ptr::null(),
103         };
104 
105         // SAFETY:
106         // - `self.0` is one of `krealloc`, `vrealloc`, `kvrealloc` and thus only requires that
107         //   `ptr` is NULL or valid.
108         // - `ptr` is either NULL or valid by the safety requirements of this function.
109         //
110         // GUARANTEE:
111         // - `self.0` is one of `krealloc`, `vrealloc`, `kvrealloc`.
112         // - Those functions provide the guarantees of this function.
113         let raw_ptr = unsafe {
114             // If `size == 0` and `ptr != NULL` the memory behind the pointer is freed.
115             self.0(ptr.cast(), size, flags.0).cast()
116         };
117 
118         let ptr = if size == 0 {
119             crate::alloc::dangling_from_layout(layout)
120         } else {
121             NonNull::new(raw_ptr).ok_or(AllocError)?
122         };
123 
124         Ok(NonNull::slice_from_raw_parts(ptr, size))
125     }
126 }
127 
128 // SAFETY: `realloc` delegates to `ReallocFunc::call`, which guarantees that
129 // - memory remains valid until it is explicitly freed,
130 // - passing a pointer to a valid memory allocation is OK,
131 // - `realloc` satisfies the guarantees, since `ReallocFunc::call` has the same.
132 unsafe impl Allocator for Kmalloc {
133     const MIN_ALIGN: usize = ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN;
134 
135     #[inline]
136     unsafe fn realloc(
137         ptr: Option<NonNull<u8>>,
138         layout: Layout,
139         old_layout: Layout,
140         flags: Flags,
141     ) -> Result<NonNull<[u8]>, AllocError> {
142         // SAFETY: `ReallocFunc::call` has the same safety requirements as `Allocator::realloc`.
143         unsafe { ReallocFunc::KREALLOC.call(ptr, layout, old_layout, flags) }
144     }
145 }
146 
147 // SAFETY: `realloc` delegates to `ReallocFunc::call`, which guarantees that
148 // - memory remains valid until it is explicitly freed,
149 // - passing a pointer to a valid memory allocation is OK,
150 // - `realloc` satisfies the guarantees, since `ReallocFunc::call` has the same.
151 unsafe impl Allocator for Vmalloc {
152     const MIN_ALIGN: usize = kernel::page::PAGE_SIZE;
153 
154     #[inline]
155     unsafe fn realloc(
156         ptr: Option<NonNull<u8>>,
157         layout: Layout,
158         old_layout: Layout,
159         flags: Flags,
160     ) -> Result<NonNull<[u8]>, AllocError> {
161         // TODO: Support alignments larger than PAGE_SIZE.
162         if layout.align() > bindings::PAGE_SIZE {
163             pr_warn!("Vmalloc does not support alignments larger than PAGE_SIZE yet.\n");
164             return Err(AllocError);
165         }
166 
167         // SAFETY: If not `None`, `ptr` is guaranteed to point to valid memory, which was previously
168         // allocated with this `Allocator`.
169         unsafe { ReallocFunc::VREALLOC.call(ptr, layout, old_layout, flags) }
170     }
171 }
172 
173 // SAFETY: `realloc` delegates to `ReallocFunc::call`, which guarantees that
174 // - memory remains valid until it is explicitly freed,
175 // - passing a pointer to a valid memory allocation is OK,
176 // - `realloc` satisfies the guarantees, since `ReallocFunc::call` has the same.
177 unsafe impl Allocator for KVmalloc {
178     const MIN_ALIGN: usize = ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN;
179 
180     #[inline]
181     unsafe fn realloc(
182         ptr: Option<NonNull<u8>>,
183         layout: Layout,
184         old_layout: Layout,
185         flags: Flags,
186     ) -> Result<NonNull<[u8]>, AllocError> {
187         // TODO: Support alignments larger than PAGE_SIZE.
188         if layout.align() > bindings::PAGE_SIZE {
189             pr_warn!("KVmalloc does not support alignments larger than PAGE_SIZE yet.\n");
190             return Err(AllocError);
191         }
192 
193         // SAFETY: If not `None`, `ptr` is guaranteed to point to valid memory, which was previously
194         // allocated with this `Allocator`.
195         unsafe { ReallocFunc::KVREALLOC.call(ptr, layout, old_layout, flags) }
196     }
197 }
198