xref: /linux/net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c (revision a90e8608eb0ed93d31ac0feb055f77ce59512542)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
4  *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
5  *		interface as the means of communication with the user level.
6  *
7  *		Implementation of the Transmission Control Protocol(TCP).
8  *
9  * Authors:	Ross Biro
10  *		Fred N. van Kempen, <waltje@uWalt.NL.Mugnet.ORG>
11  *		Mark Evans, <evansmp@uhura.aston.ac.uk>
12  *		Corey Minyard <wf-rch!minyard@relay.EU.net>
13  *		Florian La Roche, <flla@stud.uni-sb.de>
14  *		Charles Hedrick, <hedrick@klinzhai.rutgers.edu>
15  *		Linus Torvalds, <torvalds@cs.helsinki.fi>
16  *		Alan Cox, <gw4pts@gw4pts.ampr.org>
17  *		Matthew Dillon, <dillon@apollo.west.oic.com>
18  *		Arnt Gulbrandsen, <agulbra@nvg.unit.no>
19  *		Jorge Cwik, <jorge@laser.satlink.net>
20  */
21 
22 #include <linux/module.h>
23 #include <linux/gfp.h>
24 #include <net/tcp.h>
25 
26 static u32 tcp_clamp_rto_to_user_timeout(const struct sock *sk)
27 {
28 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
29 	u32 elapsed, start_ts;
30 	s32 remaining;
31 
32 	start_ts = tcp_sk(sk)->retrans_stamp;
33 	if (!icsk->icsk_user_timeout)
34 		return icsk->icsk_rto;
35 	elapsed = tcp_time_stamp(tcp_sk(sk)) - start_ts;
36 	remaining = icsk->icsk_user_timeout - elapsed;
37 	if (remaining <= 0)
38 		return 1; /* user timeout has passed; fire ASAP */
39 
40 	return min_t(u32, icsk->icsk_rto, msecs_to_jiffies(remaining));
41 }
42 
43 u32 tcp_clamp_probe0_to_user_timeout(const struct sock *sk, u32 when)
44 {
45 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
46 	u32 remaining;
47 	s32 elapsed;
48 
49 	if (!icsk->icsk_user_timeout || !icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp)
50 		return when;
51 
52 	elapsed = tcp_jiffies32 - icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp;
53 	if (unlikely(elapsed < 0))
54 		elapsed = 0;
55 	remaining = msecs_to_jiffies(icsk->icsk_user_timeout) - elapsed;
56 	remaining = max_t(u32, remaining, TCP_TIMEOUT_MIN);
57 
58 	return min_t(u32, remaining, when);
59 }
60 
61 /**
62  *  tcp_write_err() - close socket and save error info
63  *  @sk:  The socket the error has appeared on.
64  *
65  *  Returns: Nothing (void)
66  */
67 
68 static void tcp_write_err(struct sock *sk)
69 {
70 	WRITE_ONCE(sk->sk_err, READ_ONCE(sk->sk_err_soft) ? : ETIMEDOUT);
71 	sk_error_report(sk);
72 
73 	tcp_write_queue_purge(sk);
74 	tcp_done(sk);
75 	__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONTIMEOUT);
76 }
77 
78 /**
79  *  tcp_out_of_resources() - Close socket if out of resources
80  *  @sk:        pointer to current socket
81  *  @do_reset:  send a last packet with reset flag
82  *
83  *  Do not allow orphaned sockets to eat all our resources.
84  *  This is direct violation of TCP specs, but it is required
85  *  to prevent DoS attacks. It is called when a retransmission timeout
86  *  or zero probe timeout occurs on orphaned socket.
87  *
88  *  Also close if our net namespace is exiting; in that case there is no
89  *  hope of ever communicating again since all netns interfaces are already
90  *  down (or about to be down), and we need to release our dst references,
91  *  which have been moved to the netns loopback interface, so the namespace
92  *  can finish exiting.  This condition is only possible if we are a kernel
93  *  socket, as those do not hold references to the namespace.
94  *
95  *  Criteria is still not confirmed experimentally and may change.
96  *  We kill the socket, if:
97  *  1. If number of orphaned sockets exceeds an administratively configured
98  *     limit.
99  *  2. If we have strong memory pressure.
100  *  3. If our net namespace is exiting.
101  */
102 static int tcp_out_of_resources(struct sock *sk, bool do_reset)
103 {
104 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
105 	int shift = 0;
106 
107 	/* If peer does not open window for long time, or did not transmit
108 	 * anything for long time, penalize it. */
109 	if ((s32)(tcp_jiffies32 - tp->lsndtime) > 2*TCP_RTO_MAX || !do_reset)
110 		shift++;
111 
112 	/* If some dubious ICMP arrived, penalize even more. */
113 	if (READ_ONCE(sk->sk_err_soft))
114 		shift++;
115 
116 	if (tcp_check_oom(sk, shift)) {
117 		/* Catch exceptional cases, when connection requires reset.
118 		 *      1. Last segment was sent recently. */
119 		if ((s32)(tcp_jiffies32 - tp->lsndtime) <= TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN ||
120 		    /*  2. Window is closed. */
121 		    (!tp->snd_wnd && !tp->packets_out))
122 			do_reset = true;
123 		if (do_reset)
124 			tcp_send_active_reset(sk, GFP_ATOMIC);
125 		tcp_done(sk);
126 		__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONMEMORY);
127 		return 1;
128 	}
129 
130 	if (!check_net(sock_net(sk))) {
131 		/* Not possible to send reset; just close */
132 		tcp_done(sk);
133 		return 1;
134 	}
135 
136 	return 0;
137 }
138 
139 /**
140  *  tcp_orphan_retries() - Returns maximal number of retries on an orphaned socket
141  *  @sk:    Pointer to the current socket.
142  *  @alive: bool, socket alive state
143  */
144 static int tcp_orphan_retries(struct sock *sk, bool alive)
145 {
146 	int retries = READ_ONCE(sock_net(sk)->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_orphan_retries); /* May be zero. */
147 
148 	/* We know from an ICMP that something is wrong. */
149 	if (READ_ONCE(sk->sk_err_soft) && !alive)
150 		retries = 0;
151 
152 	/* However, if socket sent something recently, select some safe
153 	 * number of retries. 8 corresponds to >100 seconds with minimal
154 	 * RTO of 200msec. */
155 	if (retries == 0 && alive)
156 		retries = 8;
157 	return retries;
158 }
159 
160 static void tcp_mtu_probing(struct inet_connection_sock *icsk, struct sock *sk)
161 {
162 	const struct net *net = sock_net(sk);
163 	int mss;
164 
165 	/* Black hole detection */
166 	if (!READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_mtu_probing))
167 		return;
168 
169 	if (!icsk->icsk_mtup.enabled) {
170 		icsk->icsk_mtup.enabled = 1;
171 		icsk->icsk_mtup.probe_timestamp = tcp_jiffies32;
172 	} else {
173 		mss = tcp_mtu_to_mss(sk, icsk->icsk_mtup.search_low) >> 1;
174 		mss = min(READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_base_mss), mss);
175 		mss = max(mss, READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_mtu_probe_floor));
176 		mss = max(mss, READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_min_snd_mss));
177 		icsk->icsk_mtup.search_low = tcp_mss_to_mtu(sk, mss);
178 	}
179 	tcp_sync_mss(sk, icsk->icsk_pmtu_cookie);
180 }
181 
182 static unsigned int tcp_model_timeout(struct sock *sk,
183 				      unsigned int boundary,
184 				      unsigned int rto_base)
185 {
186 	unsigned int linear_backoff_thresh, timeout;
187 
188 	linear_backoff_thresh = ilog2(TCP_RTO_MAX / rto_base);
189 	if (boundary <= linear_backoff_thresh)
190 		timeout = ((2 << boundary) - 1) * rto_base;
191 	else
192 		timeout = ((2 << linear_backoff_thresh) - 1) * rto_base +
193 			(boundary - linear_backoff_thresh) * TCP_RTO_MAX;
194 	return jiffies_to_msecs(timeout);
195 }
196 /**
197  *  retransmits_timed_out() - returns true if this connection has timed out
198  *  @sk:       The current socket
199  *  @boundary: max number of retransmissions
200  *  @timeout:  A custom timeout value.
201  *             If set to 0 the default timeout is calculated and used.
202  *             Using TCP_RTO_MIN and the number of unsuccessful retransmits.
203  *
204  * The default "timeout" value this function can calculate and use
205  * is equivalent to the timeout of a TCP Connection
206  * after "boundary" unsuccessful, exponentially backed-off
207  * retransmissions with an initial RTO of TCP_RTO_MIN.
208  */
209 static bool retransmits_timed_out(struct sock *sk,
210 				  unsigned int boundary,
211 				  unsigned int timeout)
212 {
213 	unsigned int start_ts;
214 
215 	if (!inet_csk(sk)->icsk_retransmits)
216 		return false;
217 
218 	start_ts = tcp_sk(sk)->retrans_stamp;
219 	if (likely(timeout == 0)) {
220 		unsigned int rto_base = TCP_RTO_MIN;
221 
222 		if ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_SYN_SENT | TCPF_SYN_RECV))
223 			rto_base = tcp_timeout_init(sk);
224 		timeout = tcp_model_timeout(sk, boundary, rto_base);
225 	}
226 
227 	return (s32)(tcp_time_stamp(tcp_sk(sk)) - start_ts - timeout) >= 0;
228 }
229 
230 /* A write timeout has occurred. Process the after effects. */
231 static int tcp_write_timeout(struct sock *sk)
232 {
233 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
234 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
235 	struct net *net = sock_net(sk);
236 	bool expired = false, do_reset;
237 	int retry_until;
238 
239 	if ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_SYN_SENT | TCPF_SYN_RECV)) {
240 		if (icsk->icsk_retransmits)
241 			__dst_negative_advice(sk);
242 		retry_until = icsk->icsk_syn_retries ? :
243 			READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_syn_retries);
244 		expired = icsk->icsk_retransmits >= retry_until;
245 	} else {
246 		if (retransmits_timed_out(sk, READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_retries1), 0)) {
247 			/* Black hole detection */
248 			tcp_mtu_probing(icsk, sk);
249 
250 			__dst_negative_advice(sk);
251 		}
252 
253 		retry_until = READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_retries2);
254 		if (sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD)) {
255 			const bool alive = icsk->icsk_rto < TCP_RTO_MAX;
256 
257 			retry_until = tcp_orphan_retries(sk, alive);
258 			do_reset = alive ||
259 				!retransmits_timed_out(sk, retry_until, 0);
260 
261 			if (tcp_out_of_resources(sk, do_reset))
262 				return 1;
263 		}
264 	}
265 	if (!expired)
266 		expired = retransmits_timed_out(sk, retry_until,
267 						icsk->icsk_user_timeout);
268 	tcp_fastopen_active_detect_blackhole(sk, expired);
269 
270 	if (BPF_SOCK_OPS_TEST_FLAG(tp, BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB_FLAG))
271 		tcp_call_bpf_3arg(sk, BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB,
272 				  icsk->icsk_retransmits,
273 				  icsk->icsk_rto, (int)expired);
274 
275 	if (expired) {
276 		/* Has it gone just too far? */
277 		tcp_write_err(sk);
278 		return 1;
279 	}
280 
281 	if (sk_rethink_txhash(sk)) {
282 		tp->timeout_rehash++;
283 		__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPTIMEOUTREHASH);
284 	}
285 
286 	return 0;
287 }
288 
289 /* Called with BH disabled */
290 void tcp_delack_timer_handler(struct sock *sk)
291 {
292 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
293 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
294 
295 	if ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_CLOSE | TCPF_LISTEN))
296 		return;
297 
298 	/* Handling the sack compression case */
299 	if (tp->compressed_ack) {
300 		tcp_mstamp_refresh(tp);
301 		tcp_sack_compress_send_ack(sk);
302 		return;
303 	}
304 
305 	if (!(icsk->icsk_ack.pending & ICSK_ACK_TIMER))
306 		return;
307 
308 	if (time_after(icsk->icsk_ack.timeout, jiffies)) {
309 		sk_reset_timer(sk, &icsk->icsk_delack_timer, icsk->icsk_ack.timeout);
310 		return;
311 	}
312 	icsk->icsk_ack.pending &= ~ICSK_ACK_TIMER;
313 
314 	if (inet_csk_ack_scheduled(sk)) {
315 		if (!inet_csk_in_pingpong_mode(sk)) {
316 			/* Delayed ACK missed: inflate ATO. */
317 			icsk->icsk_ack.ato = min(icsk->icsk_ack.ato << 1, icsk->icsk_rto);
318 		} else {
319 			/* Delayed ACK missed: leave pingpong mode and
320 			 * deflate ATO.
321 			 */
322 			inet_csk_exit_pingpong_mode(sk);
323 			icsk->icsk_ack.ato      = TCP_ATO_MIN;
324 		}
325 		tcp_mstamp_refresh(tp);
326 		tcp_send_ack(sk);
327 		__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_DELAYEDACKS);
328 	}
329 }
330 
331 
332 /**
333  *  tcp_delack_timer() - The TCP delayed ACK timeout handler
334  *  @t:  Pointer to the timer. (gets casted to struct sock *)
335  *
336  *  This function gets (indirectly) called when the kernel timer for a TCP packet
337  *  of this socket expires. Calls tcp_delack_timer_handler() to do the actual work.
338  *
339  *  Returns: Nothing (void)
340  */
341 static void tcp_delack_timer(struct timer_list *t)
342 {
343 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk =
344 			from_timer(icsk, t, icsk_delack_timer);
345 	struct sock *sk = &icsk->icsk_inet.sk;
346 
347 	bh_lock_sock(sk);
348 	if (!sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
349 		tcp_delack_timer_handler(sk);
350 	} else {
351 		__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_DELAYEDACKLOCKED);
352 		/* deleguate our work to tcp_release_cb() */
353 		if (!test_and_set_bit(TCP_DELACK_TIMER_DEFERRED, &sk->sk_tsq_flags))
354 			sock_hold(sk);
355 	}
356 	bh_unlock_sock(sk);
357 	sock_put(sk);
358 }
359 
360 static void tcp_probe_timer(struct sock *sk)
361 {
362 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
363 	struct sk_buff *skb = tcp_send_head(sk);
364 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
365 	int max_probes;
366 
367 	if (tp->packets_out || !skb) {
368 		icsk->icsk_probes_out = 0;
369 		icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp = 0;
370 		return;
371 	}
372 
373 	/* RFC 1122 4.2.2.17 requires the sender to stay open indefinitely as
374 	 * long as the receiver continues to respond probes. We support this by
375 	 * default and reset icsk_probes_out with incoming ACKs. But if the
376 	 * socket is orphaned or the user specifies TCP_USER_TIMEOUT, we
377 	 * kill the socket when the retry count and the time exceeds the
378 	 * corresponding system limit. We also implement similar policy when
379 	 * we use RTO to probe window in tcp_retransmit_timer().
380 	 */
381 	if (!icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp)
382 		icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp = tcp_jiffies32;
383 	else if (icsk->icsk_user_timeout &&
384 		 (s32)(tcp_jiffies32 - icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp) >=
385 		 msecs_to_jiffies(icsk->icsk_user_timeout))
386 		goto abort;
387 
388 	max_probes = READ_ONCE(sock_net(sk)->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_retries2);
389 	if (sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD)) {
390 		const bool alive = inet_csk_rto_backoff(icsk, TCP_RTO_MAX) < TCP_RTO_MAX;
391 
392 		max_probes = tcp_orphan_retries(sk, alive);
393 		if (!alive && icsk->icsk_backoff >= max_probes)
394 			goto abort;
395 		if (tcp_out_of_resources(sk, true))
396 			return;
397 	}
398 
399 	if (icsk->icsk_probes_out >= max_probes) {
400 abort:		tcp_write_err(sk);
401 	} else {
402 		/* Only send another probe if we didn't close things up. */
403 		tcp_send_probe0(sk);
404 	}
405 }
406 
407 /*
408  *	Timer for Fast Open socket to retransmit SYNACK. Note that the
409  *	sk here is the child socket, not the parent (listener) socket.
410  */
411 static void tcp_fastopen_synack_timer(struct sock *sk, struct request_sock *req)
412 {
413 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
414 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
415 	int max_retries;
416 
417 	req->rsk_ops->syn_ack_timeout(req);
418 
419 	/* add one more retry for fastopen */
420 	max_retries = icsk->icsk_syn_retries ? :
421 		READ_ONCE(sock_net(sk)->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_synack_retries) + 1;
422 
423 	if (req->num_timeout >= max_retries) {
424 		tcp_write_err(sk);
425 		return;
426 	}
427 	/* Lower cwnd after certain SYNACK timeout like tcp_init_transfer() */
428 	if (icsk->icsk_retransmits == 1)
429 		tcp_enter_loss(sk);
430 	/* XXX (TFO) - Unlike regular SYN-ACK retransmit, we ignore error
431 	 * returned from rtx_syn_ack() to make it more persistent like
432 	 * regular retransmit because if the child socket has been accepted
433 	 * it's not good to give up too easily.
434 	 */
435 	inet_rtx_syn_ack(sk, req);
436 	req->num_timeout++;
437 	icsk->icsk_retransmits++;
438 	if (!tp->retrans_stamp)
439 		tp->retrans_stamp = tcp_time_stamp(tp);
440 	inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_RETRANS,
441 			  req->timeout << req->num_timeout, TCP_RTO_MAX);
442 }
443 
444 
445 /**
446  *  tcp_retransmit_timer() - The TCP retransmit timeout handler
447  *  @sk:  Pointer to the current socket.
448  *
449  *  This function gets called when the kernel timer for a TCP packet
450  *  of this socket expires.
451  *
452  *  It handles retransmission, timer adjustment and other necessary measures.
453  *
454  *  Returns: Nothing (void)
455  */
456 void tcp_retransmit_timer(struct sock *sk)
457 {
458 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
459 	struct net *net = sock_net(sk);
460 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
461 	struct request_sock *req;
462 	struct sk_buff *skb;
463 
464 	req = rcu_dereference_protected(tp->fastopen_rsk,
465 					lockdep_sock_is_held(sk));
466 	if (req) {
467 		WARN_ON_ONCE(sk->sk_state != TCP_SYN_RECV &&
468 			     sk->sk_state != TCP_FIN_WAIT1);
469 		tcp_fastopen_synack_timer(sk, req);
470 		/* Before we receive ACK to our SYN-ACK don't retransmit
471 		 * anything else (e.g., data or FIN segments).
472 		 */
473 		return;
474 	}
475 
476 	if (!tp->packets_out)
477 		return;
478 
479 	skb = tcp_rtx_queue_head(sk);
480 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!skb))
481 		return;
482 
483 	tp->tlp_high_seq = 0;
484 
485 	if (!tp->snd_wnd && !sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD) &&
486 	    !((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_SYN_SENT | TCPF_SYN_RECV))) {
487 		/* Receiver dastardly shrinks window. Our retransmits
488 		 * become zero probes, but we should not timeout this
489 		 * connection. If the socket is an orphan, time it out,
490 		 * we cannot allow such beasts to hang infinitely.
491 		 */
492 		struct inet_sock *inet = inet_sk(sk);
493 		if (sk->sk_family == AF_INET) {
494 			net_dbg_ratelimited("Peer %pI4:%u/%u unexpectedly shrunk window %u:%u (repaired)\n",
495 					    &inet->inet_daddr,
496 					    ntohs(inet->inet_dport),
497 					    inet->inet_num,
498 					    tp->snd_una, tp->snd_nxt);
499 		}
500 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
501 		else if (sk->sk_family == AF_INET6) {
502 			net_dbg_ratelimited("Peer %pI6:%u/%u unexpectedly shrunk window %u:%u (repaired)\n",
503 					    &sk->sk_v6_daddr,
504 					    ntohs(inet->inet_dport),
505 					    inet->inet_num,
506 					    tp->snd_una, tp->snd_nxt);
507 		}
508 #endif
509 		if (tcp_jiffies32 - tp->rcv_tstamp > TCP_RTO_MAX) {
510 			tcp_write_err(sk);
511 			goto out;
512 		}
513 		tcp_enter_loss(sk);
514 		tcp_retransmit_skb(sk, skb, 1);
515 		__sk_dst_reset(sk);
516 		goto out_reset_timer;
517 	}
518 
519 	__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPTIMEOUTS);
520 	if (tcp_write_timeout(sk))
521 		goto out;
522 
523 	if (icsk->icsk_retransmits == 0) {
524 		int mib_idx = 0;
525 
526 		if (icsk->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Recovery) {
527 			if (tcp_is_sack(tp))
528 				mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPSACKRECOVERYFAIL;
529 			else
530 				mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPRENORECOVERYFAIL;
531 		} else if (icsk->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Loss) {
532 			mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPLOSSFAILURES;
533 		} else if ((icsk->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Disorder) ||
534 			   tp->sacked_out) {
535 			if (tcp_is_sack(tp))
536 				mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPSACKFAILURES;
537 			else
538 				mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPRENOFAILURES;
539 		}
540 		if (mib_idx)
541 			__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), mib_idx);
542 	}
543 
544 	tcp_enter_loss(sk);
545 
546 	icsk->icsk_retransmits++;
547 	if (tcp_retransmit_skb(sk, tcp_rtx_queue_head(sk), 1) > 0) {
548 		/* Retransmission failed because of local congestion,
549 		 * Let senders fight for local resources conservatively.
550 		 */
551 		inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_RETRANS,
552 					  TCP_RESOURCE_PROBE_INTERVAL,
553 					  TCP_RTO_MAX);
554 		goto out;
555 	}
556 
557 	/* Increase the timeout each time we retransmit.  Note that
558 	 * we do not increase the rtt estimate.  rto is initialized
559 	 * from rtt, but increases here.  Jacobson (SIGCOMM 88) suggests
560 	 * that doubling rto each time is the least we can get away with.
561 	 * In KA9Q, Karn uses this for the first few times, and then
562 	 * goes to quadratic.  netBSD doubles, but only goes up to *64,
563 	 * and clamps at 1 to 64 sec afterwards.  Note that 120 sec is
564 	 * defined in the protocol as the maximum possible RTT.  I guess
565 	 * we'll have to use something other than TCP to talk to the
566 	 * University of Mars.
567 	 *
568 	 * PAWS allows us longer timeouts and large windows, so once
569 	 * implemented ftp to mars will work nicely. We will have to fix
570 	 * the 120 second clamps though!
571 	 */
572 	icsk->icsk_backoff++;
573 
574 out_reset_timer:
575 	/* If stream is thin, use linear timeouts. Since 'icsk_backoff' is
576 	 * used to reset timer, set to 0. Recalculate 'icsk_rto' as this
577 	 * might be increased if the stream oscillates between thin and thick,
578 	 * thus the old value might already be too high compared to the value
579 	 * set by 'tcp_set_rto' in tcp_input.c which resets the rto without
580 	 * backoff. Limit to TCP_THIN_LINEAR_RETRIES before initiating
581 	 * exponential backoff behaviour to avoid continue hammering
582 	 * linear-timeout retransmissions into a black hole
583 	 */
584 	if (sk->sk_state == TCP_ESTABLISHED &&
585 	    (tp->thin_lto || READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_thin_linear_timeouts)) &&
586 	    tcp_stream_is_thin(tp) &&
587 	    icsk->icsk_retransmits <= TCP_THIN_LINEAR_RETRIES) {
588 		icsk->icsk_backoff = 0;
589 		icsk->icsk_rto = min(__tcp_set_rto(tp), TCP_RTO_MAX);
590 	} else {
591 		/* Use normal (exponential) backoff */
592 		icsk->icsk_rto = min(icsk->icsk_rto << 1, TCP_RTO_MAX);
593 	}
594 	inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_RETRANS,
595 				  tcp_clamp_rto_to_user_timeout(sk), TCP_RTO_MAX);
596 	if (retransmits_timed_out(sk, READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_retries1) + 1, 0))
597 		__sk_dst_reset(sk);
598 
599 out:;
600 }
601 
602 /* Called with bottom-half processing disabled.
603    Called by tcp_write_timer() */
604 void tcp_write_timer_handler(struct sock *sk)
605 {
606 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
607 	int event;
608 
609 	if (((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_CLOSE | TCPF_LISTEN)) ||
610 	    !icsk->icsk_pending)
611 		return;
612 
613 	if (time_after(icsk->icsk_timeout, jiffies)) {
614 		sk_reset_timer(sk, &icsk->icsk_retransmit_timer, icsk->icsk_timeout);
615 		return;
616 	}
617 
618 	tcp_mstamp_refresh(tcp_sk(sk));
619 	event = icsk->icsk_pending;
620 
621 	switch (event) {
622 	case ICSK_TIME_REO_TIMEOUT:
623 		tcp_rack_reo_timeout(sk);
624 		break;
625 	case ICSK_TIME_LOSS_PROBE:
626 		tcp_send_loss_probe(sk);
627 		break;
628 	case ICSK_TIME_RETRANS:
629 		icsk->icsk_pending = 0;
630 		tcp_retransmit_timer(sk);
631 		break;
632 	case ICSK_TIME_PROBE0:
633 		icsk->icsk_pending = 0;
634 		tcp_probe_timer(sk);
635 		break;
636 	}
637 }
638 
639 static void tcp_write_timer(struct timer_list *t)
640 {
641 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk =
642 			from_timer(icsk, t, icsk_retransmit_timer);
643 	struct sock *sk = &icsk->icsk_inet.sk;
644 
645 	bh_lock_sock(sk);
646 	if (!sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
647 		tcp_write_timer_handler(sk);
648 	} else {
649 		/* delegate our work to tcp_release_cb() */
650 		if (!test_and_set_bit(TCP_WRITE_TIMER_DEFERRED, &sk->sk_tsq_flags))
651 			sock_hold(sk);
652 	}
653 	bh_unlock_sock(sk);
654 	sock_put(sk);
655 }
656 
657 void tcp_syn_ack_timeout(const struct request_sock *req)
658 {
659 	struct net *net = read_pnet(&inet_rsk(req)->ireq_net);
660 
661 	__NET_INC_STATS(net, LINUX_MIB_TCPTIMEOUTS);
662 }
663 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_syn_ack_timeout);
664 
665 void tcp_set_keepalive(struct sock *sk, int val)
666 {
667 	if ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_CLOSE | TCPF_LISTEN))
668 		return;
669 
670 	if (val && !sock_flag(sk, SOCK_KEEPOPEN))
671 		inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer(sk, keepalive_time_when(tcp_sk(sk)));
672 	else if (!val)
673 		inet_csk_delete_keepalive_timer(sk);
674 }
675 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tcp_set_keepalive);
676 
677 
678 static void tcp_keepalive_timer (struct timer_list *t)
679 {
680 	struct sock *sk = from_timer(sk, t, sk_timer);
681 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
682 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
683 	u32 elapsed;
684 
685 	/* Only process if socket is not in use. */
686 	bh_lock_sock(sk);
687 	if (sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
688 		/* Try again later. */
689 		inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer (sk, HZ/20);
690 		goto out;
691 	}
692 
693 	if (sk->sk_state == TCP_LISTEN) {
694 		pr_err("Hmm... keepalive on a LISTEN ???\n");
695 		goto out;
696 	}
697 
698 	tcp_mstamp_refresh(tp);
699 	if (sk->sk_state == TCP_FIN_WAIT2 && sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD)) {
700 		if (tp->linger2 >= 0) {
701 			const int tmo = tcp_fin_time(sk) - TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN;
702 
703 			if (tmo > 0) {
704 				tcp_time_wait(sk, TCP_FIN_WAIT2, tmo);
705 				goto out;
706 			}
707 		}
708 		tcp_send_active_reset(sk, GFP_ATOMIC);
709 		goto death;
710 	}
711 
712 	if (!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_KEEPOPEN) ||
713 	    ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_CLOSE | TCPF_SYN_SENT)))
714 		goto out;
715 
716 	elapsed = keepalive_time_when(tp);
717 
718 	/* It is alive without keepalive 8) */
719 	if (tp->packets_out || !tcp_write_queue_empty(sk))
720 		goto resched;
721 
722 	elapsed = keepalive_time_elapsed(tp);
723 
724 	if (elapsed >= keepalive_time_when(tp)) {
725 		/* If the TCP_USER_TIMEOUT option is enabled, use that
726 		 * to determine when to timeout instead.
727 		 */
728 		if ((icsk->icsk_user_timeout != 0 &&
729 		    elapsed >= msecs_to_jiffies(icsk->icsk_user_timeout) &&
730 		    icsk->icsk_probes_out > 0) ||
731 		    (icsk->icsk_user_timeout == 0 &&
732 		    icsk->icsk_probes_out >= keepalive_probes(tp))) {
733 			tcp_send_active_reset(sk, GFP_ATOMIC);
734 			tcp_write_err(sk);
735 			goto out;
736 		}
737 		if (tcp_write_wakeup(sk, LINUX_MIB_TCPKEEPALIVE) <= 0) {
738 			icsk->icsk_probes_out++;
739 			elapsed = keepalive_intvl_when(tp);
740 		} else {
741 			/* If keepalive was lost due to local congestion,
742 			 * try harder.
743 			 */
744 			elapsed = TCP_RESOURCE_PROBE_INTERVAL;
745 		}
746 	} else {
747 		/* It is tp->rcv_tstamp + keepalive_time_when(tp) */
748 		elapsed = keepalive_time_when(tp) - elapsed;
749 	}
750 
751 resched:
752 	inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer (sk, elapsed);
753 	goto out;
754 
755 death:
756 	tcp_done(sk);
757 
758 out:
759 	bh_unlock_sock(sk);
760 	sock_put(sk);
761 }
762 
763 static enum hrtimer_restart tcp_compressed_ack_kick(struct hrtimer *timer)
764 {
765 	struct tcp_sock *tp = container_of(timer, struct tcp_sock, compressed_ack_timer);
766 	struct sock *sk = (struct sock *)tp;
767 
768 	bh_lock_sock(sk);
769 	if (!sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
770 		if (tp->compressed_ack) {
771 			/* Since we have to send one ack finally,
772 			 * subtract one from tp->compressed_ack to keep
773 			 * LINUX_MIB_TCPACKCOMPRESSED accurate.
774 			 */
775 			tp->compressed_ack--;
776 			tcp_send_ack(sk);
777 		}
778 	} else {
779 		if (!test_and_set_bit(TCP_DELACK_TIMER_DEFERRED,
780 				      &sk->sk_tsq_flags))
781 			sock_hold(sk);
782 	}
783 	bh_unlock_sock(sk);
784 
785 	sock_put(sk);
786 
787 	return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
788 }
789 
790 void tcp_init_xmit_timers(struct sock *sk)
791 {
792 	inet_csk_init_xmit_timers(sk, &tcp_write_timer, &tcp_delack_timer,
793 				  &tcp_keepalive_timer);
794 	hrtimer_init(&tcp_sk(sk)->pacing_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
795 		     HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_PINNED_SOFT);
796 	tcp_sk(sk)->pacing_timer.function = tcp_pace_kick;
797 
798 	hrtimer_init(&tcp_sk(sk)->compressed_ack_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
799 		     HRTIMER_MODE_REL_PINNED_SOFT);
800 	tcp_sk(sk)->compressed_ack_timer.function = tcp_compressed_ack_kick;
801 }
802