xref: /linux/net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c (revision 6a87e0f0ce1ae8d70566935215430e718ea776ff)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
4  *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
5  *		interface as the means of communication with the user level.
6  *
7  *		Implementation of the Transmission Control Protocol(TCP).
8  *
9  * Authors:	Ross Biro
10  *		Fred N. van Kempen, <waltje@uWalt.NL.Mugnet.ORG>
11  *		Mark Evans, <evansmp@uhura.aston.ac.uk>
12  *		Corey Minyard <wf-rch!minyard@relay.EU.net>
13  *		Florian La Roche, <flla@stud.uni-sb.de>
14  *		Charles Hedrick, <hedrick@klinzhai.rutgers.edu>
15  *		Linus Torvalds, <torvalds@cs.helsinki.fi>
16  *		Alan Cox, <gw4pts@gw4pts.ampr.org>
17  *		Matthew Dillon, <dillon@apollo.west.oic.com>
18  *		Arnt Gulbrandsen, <agulbra@nvg.unit.no>
19  *		Jorge Cwik, <jorge@laser.satlink.net>
20  */
21 
22 #include <linux/module.h>
23 #include <linux/gfp.h>
24 #include <net/tcp.h>
25 
26 static u32 tcp_clamp_rto_to_user_timeout(const struct sock *sk)
27 {
28 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
29 	u32 elapsed, start_ts;
30 	s32 remaining;
31 
32 	start_ts = tcp_sk(sk)->retrans_stamp;
33 	if (!icsk->icsk_user_timeout)
34 		return icsk->icsk_rto;
35 	elapsed = tcp_time_stamp(tcp_sk(sk)) - start_ts;
36 	remaining = icsk->icsk_user_timeout - elapsed;
37 	if (remaining <= 0)
38 		return 1; /* user timeout has passed; fire ASAP */
39 
40 	return min_t(u32, icsk->icsk_rto, msecs_to_jiffies(remaining));
41 }
42 
43 u32 tcp_clamp_probe0_to_user_timeout(const struct sock *sk, u32 when)
44 {
45 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
46 	u32 remaining;
47 	s32 elapsed;
48 
49 	if (!icsk->icsk_user_timeout || !icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp)
50 		return when;
51 
52 	elapsed = tcp_jiffies32 - icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp;
53 	if (unlikely(elapsed < 0))
54 		elapsed = 0;
55 	remaining = msecs_to_jiffies(icsk->icsk_user_timeout) - elapsed;
56 	remaining = max_t(u32, remaining, TCP_TIMEOUT_MIN);
57 
58 	return min_t(u32, remaining, when);
59 }
60 
61 /**
62  *  tcp_write_err() - close socket and save error info
63  *  @sk:  The socket the error has appeared on.
64  *
65  *  Returns: Nothing (void)
66  */
67 
68 static void tcp_write_err(struct sock *sk)
69 {
70 	WRITE_ONCE(sk->sk_err, READ_ONCE(sk->sk_err_soft) ? : ETIMEDOUT);
71 	sk_error_report(sk);
72 
73 	tcp_write_queue_purge(sk);
74 	tcp_done(sk);
75 	__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONTIMEOUT);
76 }
77 
78 /**
79  *  tcp_out_of_resources() - Close socket if out of resources
80  *  @sk:        pointer to current socket
81  *  @do_reset:  send a last packet with reset flag
82  *
83  *  Do not allow orphaned sockets to eat all our resources.
84  *  This is direct violation of TCP specs, but it is required
85  *  to prevent DoS attacks. It is called when a retransmission timeout
86  *  or zero probe timeout occurs on orphaned socket.
87  *
88  *  Also close if our net namespace is exiting; in that case there is no
89  *  hope of ever communicating again since all netns interfaces are already
90  *  down (or about to be down), and we need to release our dst references,
91  *  which have been moved to the netns loopback interface, so the namespace
92  *  can finish exiting.  This condition is only possible if we are a kernel
93  *  socket, as those do not hold references to the namespace.
94  *
95  *  Criteria is still not confirmed experimentally and may change.
96  *  We kill the socket, if:
97  *  1. If number of orphaned sockets exceeds an administratively configured
98  *     limit.
99  *  2. If we have strong memory pressure.
100  *  3. If our net namespace is exiting.
101  */
102 static int tcp_out_of_resources(struct sock *sk, bool do_reset)
103 {
104 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
105 	int shift = 0;
106 
107 	/* If peer does not open window for long time, or did not transmit
108 	 * anything for long time, penalize it. */
109 	if ((s32)(tcp_jiffies32 - tp->lsndtime) > 2*TCP_RTO_MAX || !do_reset)
110 		shift++;
111 
112 	/* If some dubious ICMP arrived, penalize even more. */
113 	if (READ_ONCE(sk->sk_err_soft))
114 		shift++;
115 
116 	if (tcp_check_oom(sk, shift)) {
117 		/* Catch exceptional cases, when connection requires reset.
118 		 *      1. Last segment was sent recently. */
119 		if ((s32)(tcp_jiffies32 - tp->lsndtime) <= TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN ||
120 		    /*  2. Window is closed. */
121 		    (!tp->snd_wnd && !tp->packets_out))
122 			do_reset = true;
123 		if (do_reset)
124 			tcp_send_active_reset(sk, GFP_ATOMIC);
125 		tcp_done(sk);
126 		__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONMEMORY);
127 		return 1;
128 	}
129 
130 	if (!check_net(sock_net(sk))) {
131 		/* Not possible to send reset; just close */
132 		tcp_done(sk);
133 		return 1;
134 	}
135 
136 	return 0;
137 }
138 
139 /**
140  *  tcp_orphan_retries() - Returns maximal number of retries on an orphaned socket
141  *  @sk:    Pointer to the current socket.
142  *  @alive: bool, socket alive state
143  */
144 static int tcp_orphan_retries(struct sock *sk, bool alive)
145 {
146 	int retries = READ_ONCE(sock_net(sk)->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_orphan_retries); /* May be zero. */
147 
148 	/* We know from an ICMP that something is wrong. */
149 	if (READ_ONCE(sk->sk_err_soft) && !alive)
150 		retries = 0;
151 
152 	/* However, if socket sent something recently, select some safe
153 	 * number of retries. 8 corresponds to >100 seconds with minimal
154 	 * RTO of 200msec. */
155 	if (retries == 0 && alive)
156 		retries = 8;
157 	return retries;
158 }
159 
160 static void tcp_mtu_probing(struct inet_connection_sock *icsk, struct sock *sk)
161 {
162 	const struct net *net = sock_net(sk);
163 	int mss;
164 
165 	/* Black hole detection */
166 	if (!READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_mtu_probing))
167 		return;
168 
169 	if (!icsk->icsk_mtup.enabled) {
170 		icsk->icsk_mtup.enabled = 1;
171 		icsk->icsk_mtup.probe_timestamp = tcp_jiffies32;
172 	} else {
173 		mss = tcp_mtu_to_mss(sk, icsk->icsk_mtup.search_low) >> 1;
174 		mss = min(READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_base_mss), mss);
175 		mss = max(mss, READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_mtu_probe_floor));
176 		mss = max(mss, READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_min_snd_mss));
177 		icsk->icsk_mtup.search_low = tcp_mss_to_mtu(sk, mss);
178 	}
179 	tcp_sync_mss(sk, icsk->icsk_pmtu_cookie);
180 }
181 
182 static unsigned int tcp_model_timeout(struct sock *sk,
183 				      unsigned int boundary,
184 				      unsigned int rto_base)
185 {
186 	unsigned int linear_backoff_thresh, timeout;
187 
188 	linear_backoff_thresh = ilog2(TCP_RTO_MAX / rto_base);
189 	if (boundary <= linear_backoff_thresh)
190 		timeout = ((2 << boundary) - 1) * rto_base;
191 	else
192 		timeout = ((2 << linear_backoff_thresh) - 1) * rto_base +
193 			(boundary - linear_backoff_thresh) * TCP_RTO_MAX;
194 	return jiffies_to_msecs(timeout);
195 }
196 /**
197  *  retransmits_timed_out() - returns true if this connection has timed out
198  *  @sk:       The current socket
199  *  @boundary: max number of retransmissions
200  *  @timeout:  A custom timeout value.
201  *             If set to 0 the default timeout is calculated and used.
202  *             Using TCP_RTO_MIN and the number of unsuccessful retransmits.
203  *
204  * The default "timeout" value this function can calculate and use
205  * is equivalent to the timeout of a TCP Connection
206  * after "boundary" unsuccessful, exponentially backed-off
207  * retransmissions with an initial RTO of TCP_RTO_MIN.
208  */
209 static bool retransmits_timed_out(struct sock *sk,
210 				  unsigned int boundary,
211 				  unsigned int timeout)
212 {
213 	unsigned int start_ts;
214 
215 	if (!inet_csk(sk)->icsk_retransmits)
216 		return false;
217 
218 	start_ts = tcp_sk(sk)->retrans_stamp;
219 	if (likely(timeout == 0)) {
220 		unsigned int rto_base = TCP_RTO_MIN;
221 
222 		if ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_SYN_SENT | TCPF_SYN_RECV))
223 			rto_base = tcp_timeout_init(sk);
224 		timeout = tcp_model_timeout(sk, boundary, rto_base);
225 	}
226 
227 	return (s32)(tcp_time_stamp(tcp_sk(sk)) - start_ts - timeout) >= 0;
228 }
229 
230 /* A write timeout has occurred. Process the after effects. */
231 static int tcp_write_timeout(struct sock *sk)
232 {
233 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
234 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
235 	struct net *net = sock_net(sk);
236 	bool expired = false, do_reset;
237 	int retry_until, max_retransmits;
238 
239 	if ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_SYN_SENT | TCPF_SYN_RECV)) {
240 		if (icsk->icsk_retransmits)
241 			__dst_negative_advice(sk);
242 		retry_until = icsk->icsk_syn_retries ? :
243 			READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_syn_retries);
244 
245 		max_retransmits = retry_until;
246 		if (sk->sk_state == TCP_SYN_SENT)
247 			max_retransmits += READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_syn_linear_timeouts);
248 
249 		expired = icsk->icsk_retransmits >= max_retransmits;
250 	} else {
251 		if (retransmits_timed_out(sk, READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_retries1), 0)) {
252 			/* Black hole detection */
253 			tcp_mtu_probing(icsk, sk);
254 
255 			__dst_negative_advice(sk);
256 		}
257 
258 		retry_until = READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_retries2);
259 		if (sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD)) {
260 			const bool alive = icsk->icsk_rto < TCP_RTO_MAX;
261 
262 			retry_until = tcp_orphan_retries(sk, alive);
263 			do_reset = alive ||
264 				!retransmits_timed_out(sk, retry_until, 0);
265 
266 			if (tcp_out_of_resources(sk, do_reset))
267 				return 1;
268 		}
269 	}
270 	if (!expired)
271 		expired = retransmits_timed_out(sk, retry_until,
272 						icsk->icsk_user_timeout);
273 	tcp_fastopen_active_detect_blackhole(sk, expired);
274 
275 	if (BPF_SOCK_OPS_TEST_FLAG(tp, BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB_FLAG))
276 		tcp_call_bpf_3arg(sk, BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB,
277 				  icsk->icsk_retransmits,
278 				  icsk->icsk_rto, (int)expired);
279 
280 	if (expired) {
281 		/* Has it gone just too far? */
282 		tcp_write_err(sk);
283 		return 1;
284 	}
285 
286 	if (sk_rethink_txhash(sk)) {
287 		tp->timeout_rehash++;
288 		__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPTIMEOUTREHASH);
289 	}
290 
291 	return 0;
292 }
293 
294 /* Called with BH disabled */
295 void tcp_delack_timer_handler(struct sock *sk)
296 {
297 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
298 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
299 
300 	if ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_CLOSE | TCPF_LISTEN))
301 		return;
302 
303 	/* Handling the sack compression case */
304 	if (tp->compressed_ack) {
305 		tcp_mstamp_refresh(tp);
306 		tcp_sack_compress_send_ack(sk);
307 		return;
308 	}
309 
310 	if (!(icsk->icsk_ack.pending & ICSK_ACK_TIMER))
311 		return;
312 
313 	if (time_after(icsk->icsk_ack.timeout, jiffies)) {
314 		sk_reset_timer(sk, &icsk->icsk_delack_timer, icsk->icsk_ack.timeout);
315 		return;
316 	}
317 	icsk->icsk_ack.pending &= ~ICSK_ACK_TIMER;
318 
319 	if (inet_csk_ack_scheduled(sk)) {
320 		if (!inet_csk_in_pingpong_mode(sk)) {
321 			/* Delayed ACK missed: inflate ATO. */
322 			icsk->icsk_ack.ato = min(icsk->icsk_ack.ato << 1, icsk->icsk_rto);
323 		} else {
324 			/* Delayed ACK missed: leave pingpong mode and
325 			 * deflate ATO.
326 			 */
327 			inet_csk_exit_pingpong_mode(sk);
328 			icsk->icsk_ack.ato      = TCP_ATO_MIN;
329 		}
330 		tcp_mstamp_refresh(tp);
331 		tcp_send_ack(sk);
332 		__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_DELAYEDACKS);
333 	}
334 }
335 
336 
337 /**
338  *  tcp_delack_timer() - The TCP delayed ACK timeout handler
339  *  @t:  Pointer to the timer. (gets casted to struct sock *)
340  *
341  *  This function gets (indirectly) called when the kernel timer for a TCP packet
342  *  of this socket expires. Calls tcp_delack_timer_handler() to do the actual work.
343  *
344  *  Returns: Nothing (void)
345  */
346 static void tcp_delack_timer(struct timer_list *t)
347 {
348 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk =
349 			from_timer(icsk, t, icsk_delack_timer);
350 	struct sock *sk = &icsk->icsk_inet.sk;
351 
352 	bh_lock_sock(sk);
353 	if (!sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
354 		tcp_delack_timer_handler(sk);
355 	} else {
356 		__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_DELAYEDACKLOCKED);
357 		/* deleguate our work to tcp_release_cb() */
358 		if (!test_and_set_bit(TCP_DELACK_TIMER_DEFERRED, &sk->sk_tsq_flags))
359 			sock_hold(sk);
360 	}
361 	bh_unlock_sock(sk);
362 	sock_put(sk);
363 }
364 
365 static void tcp_probe_timer(struct sock *sk)
366 {
367 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
368 	struct sk_buff *skb = tcp_send_head(sk);
369 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
370 	int max_probes;
371 
372 	if (tp->packets_out || !skb) {
373 		icsk->icsk_probes_out = 0;
374 		icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp = 0;
375 		return;
376 	}
377 
378 	/* RFC 1122 4.2.2.17 requires the sender to stay open indefinitely as
379 	 * long as the receiver continues to respond probes. We support this by
380 	 * default and reset icsk_probes_out with incoming ACKs. But if the
381 	 * socket is orphaned or the user specifies TCP_USER_TIMEOUT, we
382 	 * kill the socket when the retry count and the time exceeds the
383 	 * corresponding system limit. We also implement similar policy when
384 	 * we use RTO to probe window in tcp_retransmit_timer().
385 	 */
386 	if (!icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp)
387 		icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp = tcp_jiffies32;
388 	else if (icsk->icsk_user_timeout &&
389 		 (s32)(tcp_jiffies32 - icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp) >=
390 		 msecs_to_jiffies(icsk->icsk_user_timeout))
391 		goto abort;
392 
393 	max_probes = READ_ONCE(sock_net(sk)->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_retries2);
394 	if (sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD)) {
395 		const bool alive = inet_csk_rto_backoff(icsk, TCP_RTO_MAX) < TCP_RTO_MAX;
396 
397 		max_probes = tcp_orphan_retries(sk, alive);
398 		if (!alive && icsk->icsk_backoff >= max_probes)
399 			goto abort;
400 		if (tcp_out_of_resources(sk, true))
401 			return;
402 	}
403 
404 	if (icsk->icsk_probes_out >= max_probes) {
405 abort:		tcp_write_err(sk);
406 	} else {
407 		/* Only send another probe if we didn't close things up. */
408 		tcp_send_probe0(sk);
409 	}
410 }
411 
412 /*
413  *	Timer for Fast Open socket to retransmit SYNACK. Note that the
414  *	sk here is the child socket, not the parent (listener) socket.
415  */
416 static void tcp_fastopen_synack_timer(struct sock *sk, struct request_sock *req)
417 {
418 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
419 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
420 	int max_retries;
421 
422 	req->rsk_ops->syn_ack_timeout(req);
423 
424 	/* add one more retry for fastopen */
425 	max_retries = icsk->icsk_syn_retries ? :
426 		READ_ONCE(sock_net(sk)->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_synack_retries) + 1;
427 
428 	if (req->num_timeout >= max_retries) {
429 		tcp_write_err(sk);
430 		return;
431 	}
432 	/* Lower cwnd after certain SYNACK timeout like tcp_init_transfer() */
433 	if (icsk->icsk_retransmits == 1)
434 		tcp_enter_loss(sk);
435 	/* XXX (TFO) - Unlike regular SYN-ACK retransmit, we ignore error
436 	 * returned from rtx_syn_ack() to make it more persistent like
437 	 * regular retransmit because if the child socket has been accepted
438 	 * it's not good to give up too easily.
439 	 */
440 	inet_rtx_syn_ack(sk, req);
441 	req->num_timeout++;
442 	icsk->icsk_retransmits++;
443 	if (!tp->retrans_stamp)
444 		tp->retrans_stamp = tcp_time_stamp(tp);
445 	inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_RETRANS,
446 			  req->timeout << req->num_timeout, TCP_RTO_MAX);
447 }
448 
449 
450 /**
451  *  tcp_retransmit_timer() - The TCP retransmit timeout handler
452  *  @sk:  Pointer to the current socket.
453  *
454  *  This function gets called when the kernel timer for a TCP packet
455  *  of this socket expires.
456  *
457  *  It handles retransmission, timer adjustment and other necessary measures.
458  *
459  *  Returns: Nothing (void)
460  */
461 void tcp_retransmit_timer(struct sock *sk)
462 {
463 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
464 	struct net *net = sock_net(sk);
465 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
466 	struct request_sock *req;
467 	struct sk_buff *skb;
468 
469 	req = rcu_dereference_protected(tp->fastopen_rsk,
470 					lockdep_sock_is_held(sk));
471 	if (req) {
472 		WARN_ON_ONCE(sk->sk_state != TCP_SYN_RECV &&
473 			     sk->sk_state != TCP_FIN_WAIT1);
474 		tcp_fastopen_synack_timer(sk, req);
475 		/* Before we receive ACK to our SYN-ACK don't retransmit
476 		 * anything else (e.g., data or FIN segments).
477 		 */
478 		return;
479 	}
480 
481 	if (!tp->packets_out)
482 		return;
483 
484 	skb = tcp_rtx_queue_head(sk);
485 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!skb))
486 		return;
487 
488 	tp->tlp_high_seq = 0;
489 
490 	if (!tp->snd_wnd && !sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD) &&
491 	    !((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_SYN_SENT | TCPF_SYN_RECV))) {
492 		/* Receiver dastardly shrinks window. Our retransmits
493 		 * become zero probes, but we should not timeout this
494 		 * connection. If the socket is an orphan, time it out,
495 		 * we cannot allow such beasts to hang infinitely.
496 		 */
497 		struct inet_sock *inet = inet_sk(sk);
498 		if (sk->sk_family == AF_INET) {
499 			net_dbg_ratelimited("Peer %pI4:%u/%u unexpectedly shrunk window %u:%u (repaired)\n",
500 					    &inet->inet_daddr,
501 					    ntohs(inet->inet_dport),
502 					    inet->inet_num,
503 					    tp->snd_una, tp->snd_nxt);
504 		}
505 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
506 		else if (sk->sk_family == AF_INET6) {
507 			net_dbg_ratelimited("Peer %pI6:%u/%u unexpectedly shrunk window %u:%u (repaired)\n",
508 					    &sk->sk_v6_daddr,
509 					    ntohs(inet->inet_dport),
510 					    inet->inet_num,
511 					    tp->snd_una, tp->snd_nxt);
512 		}
513 #endif
514 		if (tcp_jiffies32 - tp->rcv_tstamp > TCP_RTO_MAX) {
515 			tcp_write_err(sk);
516 			goto out;
517 		}
518 		tcp_enter_loss(sk);
519 		tcp_retransmit_skb(sk, skb, 1);
520 		__sk_dst_reset(sk);
521 		goto out_reset_timer;
522 	}
523 
524 	__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPTIMEOUTS);
525 	if (tcp_write_timeout(sk))
526 		goto out;
527 
528 	if (icsk->icsk_retransmits == 0) {
529 		int mib_idx = 0;
530 
531 		if (icsk->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Recovery) {
532 			if (tcp_is_sack(tp))
533 				mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPSACKRECOVERYFAIL;
534 			else
535 				mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPRENORECOVERYFAIL;
536 		} else if (icsk->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Loss) {
537 			mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPLOSSFAILURES;
538 		} else if ((icsk->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Disorder) ||
539 			   tp->sacked_out) {
540 			if (tcp_is_sack(tp))
541 				mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPSACKFAILURES;
542 			else
543 				mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPRENOFAILURES;
544 		}
545 		if (mib_idx)
546 			__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), mib_idx);
547 	}
548 
549 	tcp_enter_loss(sk);
550 
551 	icsk->icsk_retransmits++;
552 	if (tcp_retransmit_skb(sk, tcp_rtx_queue_head(sk), 1) > 0) {
553 		/* Retransmission failed because of local congestion,
554 		 * Let senders fight for local resources conservatively.
555 		 */
556 		inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_RETRANS,
557 					  TCP_RESOURCE_PROBE_INTERVAL,
558 					  TCP_RTO_MAX);
559 		goto out;
560 	}
561 
562 	/* Increase the timeout each time we retransmit.  Note that
563 	 * we do not increase the rtt estimate.  rto is initialized
564 	 * from rtt, but increases here.  Jacobson (SIGCOMM 88) suggests
565 	 * that doubling rto each time is the least we can get away with.
566 	 * In KA9Q, Karn uses this for the first few times, and then
567 	 * goes to quadratic.  netBSD doubles, but only goes up to *64,
568 	 * and clamps at 1 to 64 sec afterwards.  Note that 120 sec is
569 	 * defined in the protocol as the maximum possible RTT.  I guess
570 	 * we'll have to use something other than TCP to talk to the
571 	 * University of Mars.
572 	 *
573 	 * PAWS allows us longer timeouts and large windows, so once
574 	 * implemented ftp to mars will work nicely. We will have to fix
575 	 * the 120 second clamps though!
576 	 */
577 	icsk->icsk_backoff++;
578 
579 out_reset_timer:
580 	/* If stream is thin, use linear timeouts. Since 'icsk_backoff' is
581 	 * used to reset timer, set to 0. Recalculate 'icsk_rto' as this
582 	 * might be increased if the stream oscillates between thin and thick,
583 	 * thus the old value might already be too high compared to the value
584 	 * set by 'tcp_set_rto' in tcp_input.c which resets the rto without
585 	 * backoff. Limit to TCP_THIN_LINEAR_RETRIES before initiating
586 	 * exponential backoff behaviour to avoid continue hammering
587 	 * linear-timeout retransmissions into a black hole
588 	 */
589 	if (sk->sk_state == TCP_ESTABLISHED &&
590 	    (tp->thin_lto || READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_thin_linear_timeouts)) &&
591 	    tcp_stream_is_thin(tp) &&
592 	    icsk->icsk_retransmits <= TCP_THIN_LINEAR_RETRIES) {
593 		icsk->icsk_backoff = 0;
594 		icsk->icsk_rto = min(__tcp_set_rto(tp), TCP_RTO_MAX);
595 	} else if (sk->sk_state != TCP_SYN_SENT ||
596 		   icsk->icsk_backoff >
597 		   READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_syn_linear_timeouts)) {
598 		/* Use normal (exponential) backoff unless linear timeouts are
599 		 * activated.
600 		 */
601 		icsk->icsk_rto = min(icsk->icsk_rto << 1, TCP_RTO_MAX);
602 	}
603 	inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_RETRANS,
604 				  tcp_clamp_rto_to_user_timeout(sk), TCP_RTO_MAX);
605 	if (retransmits_timed_out(sk, READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_retries1) + 1, 0))
606 		__sk_dst_reset(sk);
607 
608 out:;
609 }
610 
611 /* Called with bottom-half processing disabled.
612    Called by tcp_write_timer() */
613 void tcp_write_timer_handler(struct sock *sk)
614 {
615 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
616 	int event;
617 
618 	if (((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_CLOSE | TCPF_LISTEN)) ||
619 	    !icsk->icsk_pending)
620 		return;
621 
622 	if (time_after(icsk->icsk_timeout, jiffies)) {
623 		sk_reset_timer(sk, &icsk->icsk_retransmit_timer, icsk->icsk_timeout);
624 		return;
625 	}
626 
627 	tcp_mstamp_refresh(tcp_sk(sk));
628 	event = icsk->icsk_pending;
629 
630 	switch (event) {
631 	case ICSK_TIME_REO_TIMEOUT:
632 		tcp_rack_reo_timeout(sk);
633 		break;
634 	case ICSK_TIME_LOSS_PROBE:
635 		tcp_send_loss_probe(sk);
636 		break;
637 	case ICSK_TIME_RETRANS:
638 		icsk->icsk_pending = 0;
639 		tcp_retransmit_timer(sk);
640 		break;
641 	case ICSK_TIME_PROBE0:
642 		icsk->icsk_pending = 0;
643 		tcp_probe_timer(sk);
644 		break;
645 	}
646 }
647 
648 static void tcp_write_timer(struct timer_list *t)
649 {
650 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk =
651 			from_timer(icsk, t, icsk_retransmit_timer);
652 	struct sock *sk = &icsk->icsk_inet.sk;
653 
654 	bh_lock_sock(sk);
655 	if (!sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
656 		tcp_write_timer_handler(sk);
657 	} else {
658 		/* delegate our work to tcp_release_cb() */
659 		if (!test_and_set_bit(TCP_WRITE_TIMER_DEFERRED, &sk->sk_tsq_flags))
660 			sock_hold(sk);
661 	}
662 	bh_unlock_sock(sk);
663 	sock_put(sk);
664 }
665 
666 void tcp_syn_ack_timeout(const struct request_sock *req)
667 {
668 	struct net *net = read_pnet(&inet_rsk(req)->ireq_net);
669 
670 	__NET_INC_STATS(net, LINUX_MIB_TCPTIMEOUTS);
671 }
672 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_syn_ack_timeout);
673 
674 void tcp_set_keepalive(struct sock *sk, int val)
675 {
676 	if ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_CLOSE | TCPF_LISTEN))
677 		return;
678 
679 	if (val && !sock_flag(sk, SOCK_KEEPOPEN))
680 		inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer(sk, keepalive_time_when(tcp_sk(sk)));
681 	else if (!val)
682 		inet_csk_delete_keepalive_timer(sk);
683 }
684 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tcp_set_keepalive);
685 
686 
687 static void tcp_keepalive_timer (struct timer_list *t)
688 {
689 	struct sock *sk = from_timer(sk, t, sk_timer);
690 	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
691 	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
692 	u32 elapsed;
693 
694 	/* Only process if socket is not in use. */
695 	bh_lock_sock(sk);
696 	if (sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
697 		/* Try again later. */
698 		inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer (sk, HZ/20);
699 		goto out;
700 	}
701 
702 	if (sk->sk_state == TCP_LISTEN) {
703 		pr_err("Hmm... keepalive on a LISTEN ???\n");
704 		goto out;
705 	}
706 
707 	tcp_mstamp_refresh(tp);
708 	if (sk->sk_state == TCP_FIN_WAIT2 && sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD)) {
709 		if (tp->linger2 >= 0) {
710 			const int tmo = tcp_fin_time(sk) - TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN;
711 
712 			if (tmo > 0) {
713 				tcp_time_wait(sk, TCP_FIN_WAIT2, tmo);
714 				goto out;
715 			}
716 		}
717 		tcp_send_active_reset(sk, GFP_ATOMIC);
718 		goto death;
719 	}
720 
721 	if (!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_KEEPOPEN) ||
722 	    ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_CLOSE | TCPF_SYN_SENT)))
723 		goto out;
724 
725 	elapsed = keepalive_time_when(tp);
726 
727 	/* It is alive without keepalive 8) */
728 	if (tp->packets_out || !tcp_write_queue_empty(sk))
729 		goto resched;
730 
731 	elapsed = keepalive_time_elapsed(tp);
732 
733 	if (elapsed >= keepalive_time_when(tp)) {
734 		/* If the TCP_USER_TIMEOUT option is enabled, use that
735 		 * to determine when to timeout instead.
736 		 */
737 		if ((icsk->icsk_user_timeout != 0 &&
738 		    elapsed >= msecs_to_jiffies(icsk->icsk_user_timeout) &&
739 		    icsk->icsk_probes_out > 0) ||
740 		    (icsk->icsk_user_timeout == 0 &&
741 		    icsk->icsk_probes_out >= keepalive_probes(tp))) {
742 			tcp_send_active_reset(sk, GFP_ATOMIC);
743 			tcp_write_err(sk);
744 			goto out;
745 		}
746 		if (tcp_write_wakeup(sk, LINUX_MIB_TCPKEEPALIVE) <= 0) {
747 			icsk->icsk_probes_out++;
748 			elapsed = keepalive_intvl_when(tp);
749 		} else {
750 			/* If keepalive was lost due to local congestion,
751 			 * try harder.
752 			 */
753 			elapsed = TCP_RESOURCE_PROBE_INTERVAL;
754 		}
755 	} else {
756 		/* It is tp->rcv_tstamp + keepalive_time_when(tp) */
757 		elapsed = keepalive_time_when(tp) - elapsed;
758 	}
759 
760 resched:
761 	inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer (sk, elapsed);
762 	goto out;
763 
764 death:
765 	tcp_done(sk);
766 
767 out:
768 	bh_unlock_sock(sk);
769 	sock_put(sk);
770 }
771 
772 static enum hrtimer_restart tcp_compressed_ack_kick(struct hrtimer *timer)
773 {
774 	struct tcp_sock *tp = container_of(timer, struct tcp_sock, compressed_ack_timer);
775 	struct sock *sk = (struct sock *)tp;
776 
777 	bh_lock_sock(sk);
778 	if (!sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
779 		if (tp->compressed_ack) {
780 			/* Since we have to send one ack finally,
781 			 * subtract one from tp->compressed_ack to keep
782 			 * LINUX_MIB_TCPACKCOMPRESSED accurate.
783 			 */
784 			tp->compressed_ack--;
785 			tcp_send_ack(sk);
786 		}
787 	} else {
788 		if (!test_and_set_bit(TCP_DELACK_TIMER_DEFERRED,
789 				      &sk->sk_tsq_flags))
790 			sock_hold(sk);
791 	}
792 	bh_unlock_sock(sk);
793 
794 	sock_put(sk);
795 
796 	return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
797 }
798 
799 void tcp_init_xmit_timers(struct sock *sk)
800 {
801 	inet_csk_init_xmit_timers(sk, &tcp_write_timer, &tcp_delack_timer,
802 				  &tcp_keepalive_timer);
803 	hrtimer_init(&tcp_sk(sk)->pacing_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
804 		     HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_PINNED_SOFT);
805 	tcp_sk(sk)->pacing_timer.function = tcp_pace_kick;
806 
807 	hrtimer_init(&tcp_sk(sk)->compressed_ack_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
808 		     HRTIMER_MODE_REL_PINNED_SOFT);
809 	tcp_sk(sk)->compressed_ack_timer.function = tcp_compressed_ack_kick;
810 }
811