xref: /linux/net/ceph/crush/mapper.c (revision f884ab15afdc5514e88105c92a4e2e1e6539869a)
1 
2 #ifdef __KERNEL__
3 # include <linux/string.h>
4 # include <linux/slab.h>
5 # include <linux/bug.h>
6 # include <linux/kernel.h>
7 # ifndef dprintk
8 #  define dprintk(args...)
9 # endif
10 #else
11 # include <string.h>
12 # include <stdio.h>
13 # include <stdlib.h>
14 # include <assert.h>
15 # define BUG_ON(x) assert(!(x))
16 # define dprintk(args...) /* printf(args) */
17 # define kmalloc(x, f) malloc(x)
18 # define kfree(x) free(x)
19 #endif
20 
21 #include <linux/crush/crush.h>
22 #include <linux/crush/hash.h>
23 #include <linux/crush/mapper.h>
24 
25 /*
26  * Implement the core CRUSH mapping algorithm.
27  */
28 
29 /**
30  * crush_find_rule - find a crush_rule id for a given ruleset, type, and size.
31  * @map: the crush_map
32  * @ruleset: the storage ruleset id (user defined)
33  * @type: storage ruleset type (user defined)
34  * @size: output set size
35  */
36 int crush_find_rule(const struct crush_map *map, int ruleset, int type, int size)
37 {
38 	__u32 i;
39 
40 	for (i = 0; i < map->max_rules; i++) {
41 		if (map->rules[i] &&
42 		    map->rules[i]->mask.ruleset == ruleset &&
43 		    map->rules[i]->mask.type == type &&
44 		    map->rules[i]->mask.min_size <= size &&
45 		    map->rules[i]->mask.max_size >= size)
46 			return i;
47 	}
48 	return -1;
49 }
50 
51 
52 /*
53  * bucket choose methods
54  *
55  * For each bucket algorithm, we have a "choose" method that, given a
56  * crush input @x and replica position (usually, position in output set) @r,
57  * will produce an item in the bucket.
58  */
59 
60 /*
61  * Choose based on a random permutation of the bucket.
62  *
63  * We used to use some prime number arithmetic to do this, but it
64  * wasn't very random, and had some other bad behaviors.  Instead, we
65  * calculate an actual random permutation of the bucket members.
66  * Since this is expensive, we optimize for the r=0 case, which
67  * captures the vast majority of calls.
68  */
69 static int bucket_perm_choose(struct crush_bucket *bucket,
70 			      int x, int r)
71 {
72 	unsigned int pr = r % bucket->size;
73 	unsigned int i, s;
74 
75 	/* start a new permutation if @x has changed */
76 	if (bucket->perm_x != (__u32)x || bucket->perm_n == 0) {
77 		dprintk("bucket %d new x=%d\n", bucket->id, x);
78 		bucket->perm_x = x;
79 
80 		/* optimize common r=0 case */
81 		if (pr == 0) {
82 			s = crush_hash32_3(bucket->hash, x, bucket->id, 0) %
83 				bucket->size;
84 			bucket->perm[0] = s;
85 			bucket->perm_n = 0xffff;   /* magic value, see below */
86 			goto out;
87 		}
88 
89 		for (i = 0; i < bucket->size; i++)
90 			bucket->perm[i] = i;
91 		bucket->perm_n = 0;
92 	} else if (bucket->perm_n == 0xffff) {
93 		/* clean up after the r=0 case above */
94 		for (i = 1; i < bucket->size; i++)
95 			bucket->perm[i] = i;
96 		bucket->perm[bucket->perm[0]] = 0;
97 		bucket->perm_n = 1;
98 	}
99 
100 	/* calculate permutation up to pr */
101 	for (i = 0; i < bucket->perm_n; i++)
102 		dprintk(" perm_choose have %d: %d\n", i, bucket->perm[i]);
103 	while (bucket->perm_n <= pr) {
104 		unsigned int p = bucket->perm_n;
105 		/* no point in swapping the final entry */
106 		if (p < bucket->size - 1) {
107 			i = crush_hash32_3(bucket->hash, x, bucket->id, p) %
108 				(bucket->size - p);
109 			if (i) {
110 				unsigned int t = bucket->perm[p + i];
111 				bucket->perm[p + i] = bucket->perm[p];
112 				bucket->perm[p] = t;
113 			}
114 			dprintk(" perm_choose swap %d with %d\n", p, p+i);
115 		}
116 		bucket->perm_n++;
117 	}
118 	for (i = 0; i < bucket->size; i++)
119 		dprintk(" perm_choose  %d: %d\n", i, bucket->perm[i]);
120 
121 	s = bucket->perm[pr];
122 out:
123 	dprintk(" perm_choose %d sz=%d x=%d r=%d (%d) s=%d\n", bucket->id,
124 		bucket->size, x, r, pr, s);
125 	return bucket->items[s];
126 }
127 
128 /* uniform */
129 static int bucket_uniform_choose(struct crush_bucket_uniform *bucket,
130 				 int x, int r)
131 {
132 	return bucket_perm_choose(&bucket->h, x, r);
133 }
134 
135 /* list */
136 static int bucket_list_choose(struct crush_bucket_list *bucket,
137 			      int x, int r)
138 {
139 	int i;
140 
141 	for (i = bucket->h.size-1; i >= 0; i--) {
142 		__u64 w = crush_hash32_4(bucket->h.hash,x, bucket->h.items[i],
143 					 r, bucket->h.id);
144 		w &= 0xffff;
145 		dprintk("list_choose i=%d x=%d r=%d item %d weight %x "
146 			"sw %x rand %llx",
147 			i, x, r, bucket->h.items[i], bucket->item_weights[i],
148 			bucket->sum_weights[i], w);
149 		w *= bucket->sum_weights[i];
150 		w = w >> 16;
151 		/*dprintk(" scaled %llx\n", w);*/
152 		if (w < bucket->item_weights[i])
153 			return bucket->h.items[i];
154 	}
155 
156 	dprintk("bad list sums for bucket %d\n", bucket->h.id);
157 	return bucket->h.items[0];
158 }
159 
160 
161 /* (binary) tree */
162 static int height(int n)
163 {
164 	int h = 0;
165 	while ((n & 1) == 0) {
166 		h++;
167 		n = n >> 1;
168 	}
169 	return h;
170 }
171 
172 static int left(int x)
173 {
174 	int h = height(x);
175 	return x - (1 << (h-1));
176 }
177 
178 static int right(int x)
179 {
180 	int h = height(x);
181 	return x + (1 << (h-1));
182 }
183 
184 static int terminal(int x)
185 {
186 	return x & 1;
187 }
188 
189 static int bucket_tree_choose(struct crush_bucket_tree *bucket,
190 			      int x, int r)
191 {
192 	int n, l;
193 	__u32 w;
194 	__u64 t;
195 
196 	/* start at root */
197 	n = bucket->num_nodes >> 1;
198 
199 	while (!terminal(n)) {
200 		/* pick point in [0, w) */
201 		w = bucket->node_weights[n];
202 		t = (__u64)crush_hash32_4(bucket->h.hash, x, n, r,
203 					  bucket->h.id) * (__u64)w;
204 		t = t >> 32;
205 
206 		/* descend to the left or right? */
207 		l = left(n);
208 		if (t < bucket->node_weights[l])
209 			n = l;
210 		else
211 			n = right(n);
212 	}
213 
214 	return bucket->h.items[n >> 1];
215 }
216 
217 
218 /* straw */
219 
220 static int bucket_straw_choose(struct crush_bucket_straw *bucket,
221 			       int x, int r)
222 {
223 	__u32 i;
224 	int high = 0;
225 	__u64 high_draw = 0;
226 	__u64 draw;
227 
228 	for (i = 0; i < bucket->h.size; i++) {
229 		draw = crush_hash32_3(bucket->h.hash, x, bucket->h.items[i], r);
230 		draw &= 0xffff;
231 		draw *= bucket->straws[i];
232 		if (i == 0 || draw > high_draw) {
233 			high = i;
234 			high_draw = draw;
235 		}
236 	}
237 	return bucket->h.items[high];
238 }
239 
240 static int crush_bucket_choose(struct crush_bucket *in, int x, int r)
241 {
242 	dprintk(" crush_bucket_choose %d x=%d r=%d\n", in->id, x, r);
243 	BUG_ON(in->size == 0);
244 	switch (in->alg) {
245 	case CRUSH_BUCKET_UNIFORM:
246 		return bucket_uniform_choose((struct crush_bucket_uniform *)in,
247 					  x, r);
248 	case CRUSH_BUCKET_LIST:
249 		return bucket_list_choose((struct crush_bucket_list *)in,
250 					  x, r);
251 	case CRUSH_BUCKET_TREE:
252 		return bucket_tree_choose((struct crush_bucket_tree *)in,
253 					  x, r);
254 	case CRUSH_BUCKET_STRAW:
255 		return bucket_straw_choose((struct crush_bucket_straw *)in,
256 					   x, r);
257 	default:
258 		dprintk("unknown bucket %d alg %d\n", in->id, in->alg);
259 		return in->items[0];
260 	}
261 }
262 
263 /*
264  * true if device is marked "out" (failed, fully offloaded)
265  * of the cluster
266  */
267 static int is_out(const struct crush_map *map, const __u32 *weight, int item, int x)
268 {
269 	if (weight[item] >= 0x10000)
270 		return 0;
271 	if (weight[item] == 0)
272 		return 1;
273 	if ((crush_hash32_2(CRUSH_HASH_RJENKINS1, x, item) & 0xffff)
274 	    < weight[item])
275 		return 0;
276 	return 1;
277 }
278 
279 /**
280  * crush_choose - choose numrep distinct items of given type
281  * @map: the crush_map
282  * @bucket: the bucket we are choose an item from
283  * @x: crush input value
284  * @numrep: the number of items to choose
285  * @type: the type of item to choose
286  * @out: pointer to output vector
287  * @outpos: our position in that vector
288  * @firstn: true if choosing "first n" items, false if choosing "indep"
289  * @recurse_to_leaf: true if we want one device under each item of given type
290  * @descend_once: true if we should only try one descent before giving up
291  * @out2: second output vector for leaf items (if @recurse_to_leaf)
292  */
293 static int crush_choose(const struct crush_map *map,
294 			struct crush_bucket *bucket,
295 			const __u32 *weight,
296 			int x, int numrep, int type,
297 			int *out, int outpos,
298 			int firstn, int recurse_to_leaf,
299 			int descend_once, int *out2)
300 {
301 	int rep;
302 	unsigned int ftotal, flocal;
303 	int retry_descent, retry_bucket, skip_rep;
304 	struct crush_bucket *in = bucket;
305 	int r;
306 	int i;
307 	int item = 0;
308 	int itemtype;
309 	int collide, reject;
310 
311 	dprintk("CHOOSE%s bucket %d x %d outpos %d numrep %d\n", recurse_to_leaf ? "_LEAF" : "",
312 		bucket->id, x, outpos, numrep);
313 
314 	for (rep = outpos; rep < numrep; rep++) {
315 		/* keep trying until we get a non-out, non-colliding item */
316 		ftotal = 0;
317 		skip_rep = 0;
318 		do {
319 			retry_descent = 0;
320 			in = bucket;               /* initial bucket */
321 
322 			/* choose through intervening buckets */
323 			flocal = 0;
324 			do {
325 				collide = 0;
326 				retry_bucket = 0;
327 				r = rep;
328 				if (in->alg == CRUSH_BUCKET_UNIFORM) {
329 					/* be careful */
330 					if (firstn || (__u32)numrep >= in->size)
331 						/* r' = r + f_total */
332 						r += ftotal;
333 					else if (in->size % numrep == 0)
334 						/* r'=r+(n+1)*f_local */
335 						r += (numrep+1) *
336 							(flocal+ftotal);
337 					else
338 						/* r' = r + n*f_local */
339 						r += numrep * (flocal+ftotal);
340 				} else {
341 					if (firstn)
342 						/* r' = r + f_total */
343 						r += ftotal;
344 					else
345 						/* r' = r + n*f_local */
346 						r += numrep * (flocal+ftotal);
347 				}
348 
349 				/* bucket choose */
350 				if (in->size == 0) {
351 					reject = 1;
352 					goto reject;
353 				}
354 				if (map->choose_local_fallback_tries > 0 &&
355 				    flocal >= (in->size>>1) &&
356 				    flocal > map->choose_local_fallback_tries)
357 					item = bucket_perm_choose(in, x, r);
358 				else
359 					item = crush_bucket_choose(in, x, r);
360 				if (item >= map->max_devices) {
361 					dprintk("   bad item %d\n", item);
362 					skip_rep = 1;
363 					break;
364 				}
365 
366 				/* desired type? */
367 				if (item < 0)
368 					itemtype = map->buckets[-1-item]->type;
369 				else
370 					itemtype = 0;
371 				dprintk("  item %d type %d\n", item, itemtype);
372 
373 				/* keep going? */
374 				if (itemtype != type) {
375 					if (item >= 0 ||
376 					    (-1-item) >= map->max_buckets) {
377 						dprintk("   bad item type %d\n", type);
378 						skip_rep = 1;
379 						break;
380 					}
381 					in = map->buckets[-1-item];
382 					retry_bucket = 1;
383 					continue;
384 				}
385 
386 				/* collision? */
387 				for (i = 0; i < outpos; i++) {
388 					if (out[i] == item) {
389 						collide = 1;
390 						break;
391 					}
392 				}
393 
394 				reject = 0;
395 				if (!collide && recurse_to_leaf) {
396 					if (item < 0) {
397 						if (crush_choose(map,
398 							 map->buckets[-1-item],
399 							 weight,
400 							 x, outpos+1, 0,
401 							 out2, outpos,
402 							 firstn, 0,
403 							 map->chooseleaf_descend_once,
404 							 NULL) <= outpos)
405 							/* didn't get leaf */
406 							reject = 1;
407 					} else {
408 						/* we already have a leaf! */
409 						out2[outpos] = item;
410 					}
411 				}
412 
413 				if (!reject) {
414 					/* out? */
415 					if (itemtype == 0)
416 						reject = is_out(map, weight,
417 								item, x);
418 					else
419 						reject = 0;
420 				}
421 
422 reject:
423 				if (reject || collide) {
424 					ftotal++;
425 					flocal++;
426 
427 					if (reject && descend_once)
428 						/* let outer call try again */
429 						skip_rep = 1;
430 					else if (collide && flocal <= map->choose_local_tries)
431 						/* retry locally a few times */
432 						retry_bucket = 1;
433 					else if (map->choose_local_fallback_tries > 0 &&
434 						 flocal <= in->size + map->choose_local_fallback_tries)
435 						/* exhaustive bucket search */
436 						retry_bucket = 1;
437 					else if (ftotal <= map->choose_total_tries)
438 						/* then retry descent */
439 						retry_descent = 1;
440 					else
441 						/* else give up */
442 						skip_rep = 1;
443 					dprintk("  reject %d  collide %d  "
444 						"ftotal %u  flocal %u\n",
445 						reject, collide, ftotal,
446 						flocal);
447 				}
448 			} while (retry_bucket);
449 		} while (retry_descent);
450 
451 		if (skip_rep) {
452 			dprintk("skip rep\n");
453 			continue;
454 		}
455 
456 		dprintk("CHOOSE got %d\n", item);
457 		out[outpos] = item;
458 		outpos++;
459 	}
460 
461 	dprintk("CHOOSE returns %d\n", outpos);
462 	return outpos;
463 }
464 
465 
466 /**
467  * crush_do_rule - calculate a mapping with the given input and rule
468  * @map: the crush_map
469  * @ruleno: the rule id
470  * @x: hash input
471  * @result: pointer to result vector
472  * @result_max: maximum result size
473  */
474 int crush_do_rule(const struct crush_map *map,
475 		  int ruleno, int x, int *result, int result_max,
476 		  const __u32 *weight)
477 {
478 	int result_len;
479 	int a[CRUSH_MAX_SET];
480 	int b[CRUSH_MAX_SET];
481 	int c[CRUSH_MAX_SET];
482 	int recurse_to_leaf;
483 	int *w;
484 	int wsize = 0;
485 	int *o;
486 	int osize;
487 	int *tmp;
488 	struct crush_rule *rule;
489 	__u32 step;
490 	int i, j;
491 	int numrep;
492 	int firstn;
493 	const int descend_once = 0;
494 
495 	if ((__u32)ruleno >= map->max_rules) {
496 		dprintk(" bad ruleno %d\n", ruleno);
497 		return 0;
498 	}
499 
500 	rule = map->rules[ruleno];
501 	result_len = 0;
502 	w = a;
503 	o = b;
504 
505 	for (step = 0; step < rule->len; step++) {
506 		struct crush_rule_step *curstep = &rule->steps[step];
507 
508 		firstn = 0;
509 		switch (curstep->op) {
510 		case CRUSH_RULE_TAKE:
511 			w[0] = curstep->arg1;
512 			wsize = 1;
513 			break;
514 
515 		case CRUSH_RULE_CHOOSE_LEAF_FIRSTN:
516 		case CRUSH_RULE_CHOOSE_FIRSTN:
517 			firstn = 1;
518 			/* fall through */
519 		case CRUSH_RULE_CHOOSE_LEAF_INDEP:
520 		case CRUSH_RULE_CHOOSE_INDEP:
521 			if (wsize == 0)
522 				break;
523 
524 			recurse_to_leaf =
525 				curstep->op ==
526 				 CRUSH_RULE_CHOOSE_LEAF_FIRSTN ||
527 				curstep->op ==
528 				CRUSH_RULE_CHOOSE_LEAF_INDEP;
529 
530 			/* reset output */
531 			osize = 0;
532 
533 			for (i = 0; i < wsize; i++) {
534 				/*
535 				 * see CRUSH_N, CRUSH_N_MINUS macros.
536 				 * basically, numrep <= 0 means relative to
537 				 * the provided result_max
538 				 */
539 				numrep = curstep->arg1;
540 				if (numrep <= 0) {
541 					numrep += result_max;
542 					if (numrep <= 0)
543 						continue;
544 				}
545 				j = 0;
546 				osize += crush_choose(map,
547 						      map->buckets[-1-w[i]],
548 						      weight,
549 						      x, numrep,
550 						      curstep->arg2,
551 						      o+osize, j,
552 						      firstn,
553 						      recurse_to_leaf,
554 						      descend_once, c+osize);
555 			}
556 
557 			if (recurse_to_leaf)
558 				/* copy final _leaf_ values to output set */
559 				memcpy(o, c, osize*sizeof(*o));
560 
561 			/* swap t and w arrays */
562 			tmp = o;
563 			o = w;
564 			w = tmp;
565 			wsize = osize;
566 			break;
567 
568 
569 		case CRUSH_RULE_EMIT:
570 			for (i = 0; i < wsize && result_len < result_max; i++) {
571 				result[result_len] = w[i];
572 				result_len++;
573 			}
574 			wsize = 0;
575 			break;
576 
577 		default:
578 			dprintk(" unknown op %d at step %d\n",
579 				curstep->op, step);
580 			break;
581 		}
582 	}
583 	return result_len;
584 }
585 
586 
587