xref: /linux/mm/z3fold.c (revision fd639726bf15fca8ee1a00dce8e0096d0ad9bd18)
1 /*
2  * z3fold.c
3  *
4  * Author: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
5  * Copyright (C) 2016, Sony Mobile Communications Inc.
6  *
7  * This implementation is based on zbud written by Seth Jennings.
8  *
9  * z3fold is an special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages. It
10  * can store up to three compressed pages per page which improves the
11  * compression ratio of zbud while retaining its main concepts (e. g. always
12  * storing an integral number of objects per page) and simplicity.
13  * It still has simple and deterministic reclaim properties that make it
14  * preferable to a higher density approach (with no requirement on integral
15  * number of object per page) when reclaim is used.
16  *
17  * As in zbud, pages are divided into "chunks".  The size of the chunks is
18  * fixed at compile time and is determined by NCHUNKS_ORDER below.
19  *
20  * z3fold doesn't export any API and is meant to be used via zpool API.
21  */
22 
23 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
24 
25 #include <linux/atomic.h>
26 #include <linux/sched.h>
27 #include <linux/list.h>
28 #include <linux/mm.h>
29 #include <linux/module.h>
30 #include <linux/percpu.h>
31 #include <linux/preempt.h>
32 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
33 #include <linux/slab.h>
34 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
35 #include <linux/zpool.h>
36 
37 /*****************
38  * Structures
39 *****************/
40 struct z3fold_pool;
41 struct z3fold_ops {
42 	int (*evict)(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned long handle);
43 };
44 
45 enum buddy {
46 	HEADLESS = 0,
47 	FIRST,
48 	MIDDLE,
49 	LAST,
50 	BUDDIES_MAX
51 };
52 
53 /*
54  * struct z3fold_header - z3fold page metadata occupying first chunks of each
55  *			z3fold page, except for HEADLESS pages
56  * @buddy:		links the z3fold page into the relevant list in the
57  *			pool
58  * @page_lock:		per-page lock
59  * @refcount:		reference count for the z3fold page
60  * @work:		work_struct for page layout optimization
61  * @pool:		pointer to the pool which this page belongs to
62  * @cpu:		CPU which this page "belongs" to
63  * @first_chunks:	the size of the first buddy in chunks, 0 if free
64  * @middle_chunks:	the size of the middle buddy in chunks, 0 if free
65  * @last_chunks:	the size of the last buddy in chunks, 0 if free
66  * @first_num:		the starting number (for the first handle)
67  */
68 struct z3fold_header {
69 	struct list_head buddy;
70 	spinlock_t page_lock;
71 	struct kref refcount;
72 	struct work_struct work;
73 	struct z3fold_pool *pool;
74 	short cpu;
75 	unsigned short first_chunks;
76 	unsigned short middle_chunks;
77 	unsigned short last_chunks;
78 	unsigned short start_middle;
79 	unsigned short first_num:2;
80 };
81 
82 /*
83  * NCHUNKS_ORDER determines the internal allocation granularity, effectively
84  * adjusting internal fragmentation.  It also determines the number of
85  * freelists maintained in each pool. NCHUNKS_ORDER of 6 means that the
86  * allocation granularity will be in chunks of size PAGE_SIZE/64. Some chunks
87  * in the beginning of an allocated page are occupied by z3fold header, so
88  * NCHUNKS will be calculated to 63 (or 62 in case CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK=y),
89  * which shows the max number of free chunks in z3fold page, also there will
90  * be 63, or 62, respectively, freelists per pool.
91  */
92 #define NCHUNKS_ORDER	6
93 
94 #define CHUNK_SHIFT	(PAGE_SHIFT - NCHUNKS_ORDER)
95 #define CHUNK_SIZE	(1 << CHUNK_SHIFT)
96 #define ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED round_up(sizeof(struct z3fold_header), CHUNK_SIZE)
97 #define ZHDR_CHUNKS	(ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED >> CHUNK_SHIFT)
98 #define TOTAL_CHUNKS	(PAGE_SIZE >> CHUNK_SHIFT)
99 #define NCHUNKS		((PAGE_SIZE - ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED) >> CHUNK_SHIFT)
100 
101 #define BUDDY_MASK	(0x3)
102 
103 /**
104  * struct z3fold_pool - stores metadata for each z3fold pool
105  * @name:	pool name
106  * @lock:	protects pool unbuddied/lru lists
107  * @stale_lock:	protects pool stale page list
108  * @unbuddied:	per-cpu array of lists tracking z3fold pages that contain 2-
109  *		buddies; the list each z3fold page is added to depends on
110  *		the size of its free region.
111  * @lru:	list tracking the z3fold pages in LRU order by most recently
112  *		added buddy.
113  * @stale:	list of pages marked for freeing
114  * @pages_nr:	number of z3fold pages in the pool.
115  * @ops:	pointer to a structure of user defined operations specified at
116  *		pool creation time.
117  * @compact_wq:	workqueue for page layout background optimization
118  * @release_wq:	workqueue for safe page release
119  * @work:	work_struct for safe page release
120  *
121  * This structure is allocated at pool creation time and maintains metadata
122  * pertaining to a particular z3fold pool.
123  */
124 struct z3fold_pool {
125 	const char *name;
126 	spinlock_t lock;
127 	spinlock_t stale_lock;
128 	struct list_head *unbuddied;
129 	struct list_head lru;
130 	struct list_head stale;
131 	atomic64_t pages_nr;
132 	const struct z3fold_ops *ops;
133 	struct zpool *zpool;
134 	const struct zpool_ops *zpool_ops;
135 	struct workqueue_struct *compact_wq;
136 	struct workqueue_struct *release_wq;
137 	struct work_struct work;
138 };
139 
140 /*
141  * Internal z3fold page flags
142  */
143 enum z3fold_page_flags {
144 	PAGE_HEADLESS = 0,
145 	MIDDLE_CHUNK_MAPPED,
146 	NEEDS_COMPACTING,
147 	PAGE_STALE
148 };
149 
150 /*****************
151  * Helpers
152 *****************/
153 
154 /* Converts an allocation size in bytes to size in z3fold chunks */
155 static int size_to_chunks(size_t size)
156 {
157 	return (size + CHUNK_SIZE - 1) >> CHUNK_SHIFT;
158 }
159 
160 #define for_each_unbuddied_list(_iter, _begin) \
161 	for ((_iter) = (_begin); (_iter) < NCHUNKS; (_iter)++)
162 
163 static void compact_page_work(struct work_struct *w);
164 
165 /* Initializes the z3fold header of a newly allocated z3fold page */
166 static struct z3fold_header *init_z3fold_page(struct page *page,
167 					struct z3fold_pool *pool)
168 {
169 	struct z3fold_header *zhdr = page_address(page);
170 
171 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
172 	clear_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS, &page->private);
173 	clear_bit(MIDDLE_CHUNK_MAPPED, &page->private);
174 	clear_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING, &page->private);
175 	clear_bit(PAGE_STALE, &page->private);
176 
177 	spin_lock_init(&zhdr->page_lock);
178 	kref_init(&zhdr->refcount);
179 	zhdr->first_chunks = 0;
180 	zhdr->middle_chunks = 0;
181 	zhdr->last_chunks = 0;
182 	zhdr->first_num = 0;
183 	zhdr->start_middle = 0;
184 	zhdr->cpu = -1;
185 	zhdr->pool = pool;
186 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zhdr->buddy);
187 	INIT_WORK(&zhdr->work, compact_page_work);
188 	return zhdr;
189 }
190 
191 /* Resets the struct page fields and frees the page */
192 static void free_z3fold_page(struct page *page)
193 {
194 	__free_page(page);
195 }
196 
197 /* Lock a z3fold page */
198 static inline void z3fold_page_lock(struct z3fold_header *zhdr)
199 {
200 	spin_lock(&zhdr->page_lock);
201 }
202 
203 /* Try to lock a z3fold page */
204 static inline int z3fold_page_trylock(struct z3fold_header *zhdr)
205 {
206 	return spin_trylock(&zhdr->page_lock);
207 }
208 
209 /* Unlock a z3fold page */
210 static inline void z3fold_page_unlock(struct z3fold_header *zhdr)
211 {
212 	spin_unlock(&zhdr->page_lock);
213 }
214 
215 /*
216  * Encodes the handle of a particular buddy within a z3fold page
217  * Pool lock should be held as this function accesses first_num
218  */
219 static unsigned long encode_handle(struct z3fold_header *zhdr, enum buddy bud)
220 {
221 	unsigned long handle;
222 
223 	handle = (unsigned long)zhdr;
224 	if (bud != HEADLESS)
225 		handle += (bud + zhdr->first_num) & BUDDY_MASK;
226 	return handle;
227 }
228 
229 /* Returns the z3fold page where a given handle is stored */
230 static struct z3fold_header *handle_to_z3fold_header(unsigned long handle)
231 {
232 	return (struct z3fold_header *)(handle & PAGE_MASK);
233 }
234 
235 /*
236  * (handle & BUDDY_MASK) < zhdr->first_num is possible in encode_handle
237  *  but that doesn't matter. because the masking will result in the
238  *  correct buddy number.
239  */
240 static enum buddy handle_to_buddy(unsigned long handle)
241 {
242 	struct z3fold_header *zhdr = handle_to_z3fold_header(handle);
243 	return (handle - zhdr->first_num) & BUDDY_MASK;
244 }
245 
246 static void __release_z3fold_page(struct z3fold_header *zhdr, bool locked)
247 {
248 	struct page *page = virt_to_page(zhdr);
249 	struct z3fold_pool *pool = zhdr->pool;
250 
251 	WARN_ON(!list_empty(&zhdr->buddy));
252 	set_bit(PAGE_STALE, &page->private);
253 	clear_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING, &page->private);
254 	spin_lock(&pool->lock);
255 	if (!list_empty(&page->lru))
256 		list_del(&page->lru);
257 	spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
258 	if (locked)
259 		z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
260 	spin_lock(&pool->stale_lock);
261 	list_add(&zhdr->buddy, &pool->stale);
262 	queue_work(pool->release_wq, &pool->work);
263 	spin_unlock(&pool->stale_lock);
264 }
265 
266 static void __attribute__((__unused__))
267 			release_z3fold_page(struct kref *ref)
268 {
269 	struct z3fold_header *zhdr = container_of(ref, struct z3fold_header,
270 						refcount);
271 	__release_z3fold_page(zhdr, false);
272 }
273 
274 static void release_z3fold_page_locked(struct kref *ref)
275 {
276 	struct z3fold_header *zhdr = container_of(ref, struct z3fold_header,
277 						refcount);
278 	WARN_ON(z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr));
279 	__release_z3fold_page(zhdr, true);
280 }
281 
282 static void release_z3fold_page_locked_list(struct kref *ref)
283 {
284 	struct z3fold_header *zhdr = container_of(ref, struct z3fold_header,
285 					       refcount);
286 	spin_lock(&zhdr->pool->lock);
287 	list_del_init(&zhdr->buddy);
288 	spin_unlock(&zhdr->pool->lock);
289 
290 	WARN_ON(z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr));
291 	__release_z3fold_page(zhdr, true);
292 }
293 
294 static void free_pages_work(struct work_struct *w)
295 {
296 	struct z3fold_pool *pool = container_of(w, struct z3fold_pool, work);
297 
298 	spin_lock(&pool->stale_lock);
299 	while (!list_empty(&pool->stale)) {
300 		struct z3fold_header *zhdr = list_first_entry(&pool->stale,
301 						struct z3fold_header, buddy);
302 		struct page *page = virt_to_page(zhdr);
303 
304 		list_del(&zhdr->buddy);
305 		if (WARN_ON(!test_bit(PAGE_STALE, &page->private)))
306 			continue;
307 		spin_unlock(&pool->stale_lock);
308 		cancel_work_sync(&zhdr->work);
309 		free_z3fold_page(page);
310 		cond_resched();
311 		spin_lock(&pool->stale_lock);
312 	}
313 	spin_unlock(&pool->stale_lock);
314 }
315 
316 /*
317  * Returns the number of free chunks in a z3fold page.
318  * NB: can't be used with HEADLESS pages.
319  */
320 static int num_free_chunks(struct z3fold_header *zhdr)
321 {
322 	int nfree;
323 	/*
324 	 * If there is a middle object, pick up the bigger free space
325 	 * either before or after it. Otherwise just subtract the number
326 	 * of chunks occupied by the first and the last objects.
327 	 */
328 	if (zhdr->middle_chunks != 0) {
329 		int nfree_before = zhdr->first_chunks ?
330 			0 : zhdr->start_middle - ZHDR_CHUNKS;
331 		int nfree_after = zhdr->last_chunks ?
332 			0 : TOTAL_CHUNKS -
333 				(zhdr->start_middle + zhdr->middle_chunks);
334 		nfree = max(nfree_before, nfree_after);
335 	} else
336 		nfree = NCHUNKS - zhdr->first_chunks - zhdr->last_chunks;
337 	return nfree;
338 }
339 
340 static inline void *mchunk_memmove(struct z3fold_header *zhdr,
341 				unsigned short dst_chunk)
342 {
343 	void *beg = zhdr;
344 	return memmove(beg + (dst_chunk << CHUNK_SHIFT),
345 		       beg + (zhdr->start_middle << CHUNK_SHIFT),
346 		       zhdr->middle_chunks << CHUNK_SHIFT);
347 }
348 
349 #define BIG_CHUNK_GAP	3
350 /* Has to be called with lock held */
351 static int z3fold_compact_page(struct z3fold_header *zhdr)
352 {
353 	struct page *page = virt_to_page(zhdr);
354 
355 	if (test_bit(MIDDLE_CHUNK_MAPPED, &page->private))
356 		return 0; /* can't move middle chunk, it's used */
357 
358 	if (zhdr->middle_chunks == 0)
359 		return 0; /* nothing to compact */
360 
361 	if (zhdr->first_chunks == 0 && zhdr->last_chunks == 0) {
362 		/* move to the beginning */
363 		mchunk_memmove(zhdr, ZHDR_CHUNKS);
364 		zhdr->first_chunks = zhdr->middle_chunks;
365 		zhdr->middle_chunks = 0;
366 		zhdr->start_middle = 0;
367 		zhdr->first_num++;
368 		return 1;
369 	}
370 
371 	/*
372 	 * moving data is expensive, so let's only do that if
373 	 * there's substantial gain (at least BIG_CHUNK_GAP chunks)
374 	 */
375 	if (zhdr->first_chunks != 0 && zhdr->last_chunks == 0 &&
376 	    zhdr->start_middle - (zhdr->first_chunks + ZHDR_CHUNKS) >=
377 			BIG_CHUNK_GAP) {
378 		mchunk_memmove(zhdr, zhdr->first_chunks + ZHDR_CHUNKS);
379 		zhdr->start_middle = zhdr->first_chunks + ZHDR_CHUNKS;
380 		return 1;
381 	} else if (zhdr->last_chunks != 0 && zhdr->first_chunks == 0 &&
382 		   TOTAL_CHUNKS - (zhdr->last_chunks + zhdr->start_middle
383 					+ zhdr->middle_chunks) >=
384 			BIG_CHUNK_GAP) {
385 		unsigned short new_start = TOTAL_CHUNKS - zhdr->last_chunks -
386 			zhdr->middle_chunks;
387 		mchunk_memmove(zhdr, new_start);
388 		zhdr->start_middle = new_start;
389 		return 1;
390 	}
391 
392 	return 0;
393 }
394 
395 static void do_compact_page(struct z3fold_header *zhdr, bool locked)
396 {
397 	struct z3fold_pool *pool = zhdr->pool;
398 	struct page *page;
399 	struct list_head *unbuddied;
400 	int fchunks;
401 
402 	page = virt_to_page(zhdr);
403 	if (locked)
404 		WARN_ON(z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr));
405 	else
406 		z3fold_page_lock(zhdr);
407 	if (WARN_ON(!test_and_clear_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING, &page->private))) {
408 		z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
409 		return;
410 	}
411 	spin_lock(&pool->lock);
412 	list_del_init(&zhdr->buddy);
413 	spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
414 
415 	if (kref_put(&zhdr->refcount, release_z3fold_page_locked)) {
416 		atomic64_dec(&pool->pages_nr);
417 		return;
418 	}
419 
420 	z3fold_compact_page(zhdr);
421 	unbuddied = get_cpu_ptr(pool->unbuddied);
422 	fchunks = num_free_chunks(zhdr);
423 	if (fchunks < NCHUNKS &&
424 	    (!zhdr->first_chunks || !zhdr->middle_chunks ||
425 			!zhdr->last_chunks)) {
426 		/* the page's not completely free and it's unbuddied */
427 		spin_lock(&pool->lock);
428 		list_add(&zhdr->buddy, &unbuddied[fchunks]);
429 		spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
430 		zhdr->cpu = smp_processor_id();
431 	}
432 	put_cpu_ptr(pool->unbuddied);
433 	z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
434 }
435 
436 static void compact_page_work(struct work_struct *w)
437 {
438 	struct z3fold_header *zhdr = container_of(w, struct z3fold_header,
439 						work);
440 
441 	do_compact_page(zhdr, false);
442 }
443 
444 
445 /*
446  * API Functions
447  */
448 
449 /**
450  * z3fold_create_pool() - create a new z3fold pool
451  * @name:	pool name
452  * @gfp:	gfp flags when allocating the z3fold pool structure
453  * @ops:	user-defined operations for the z3fold pool
454  *
455  * Return: pointer to the new z3fold pool or NULL if the metadata allocation
456  * failed.
457  */
458 static struct z3fold_pool *z3fold_create_pool(const char *name, gfp_t gfp,
459 		const struct z3fold_ops *ops)
460 {
461 	struct z3fold_pool *pool = NULL;
462 	int i, cpu;
463 
464 	pool = kzalloc(sizeof(struct z3fold_pool), gfp);
465 	if (!pool)
466 		goto out;
467 	spin_lock_init(&pool->lock);
468 	spin_lock_init(&pool->stale_lock);
469 	pool->unbuddied = __alloc_percpu(sizeof(struct list_head)*NCHUNKS, 2);
470 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
471 		struct list_head *unbuddied =
472 				per_cpu_ptr(pool->unbuddied, cpu);
473 		for_each_unbuddied_list(i, 0)
474 			INIT_LIST_HEAD(&unbuddied[i]);
475 	}
476 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool->lru);
477 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool->stale);
478 	atomic64_set(&pool->pages_nr, 0);
479 	pool->name = name;
480 	pool->compact_wq = create_singlethread_workqueue(pool->name);
481 	if (!pool->compact_wq)
482 		goto out;
483 	pool->release_wq = create_singlethread_workqueue(pool->name);
484 	if (!pool->release_wq)
485 		goto out_wq;
486 	INIT_WORK(&pool->work, free_pages_work);
487 	pool->ops = ops;
488 	return pool;
489 
490 out_wq:
491 	destroy_workqueue(pool->compact_wq);
492 out:
493 	kfree(pool);
494 	return NULL;
495 }
496 
497 /**
498  * z3fold_destroy_pool() - destroys an existing z3fold pool
499  * @pool:	the z3fold pool to be destroyed
500  *
501  * The pool should be emptied before this function is called.
502  */
503 static void z3fold_destroy_pool(struct z3fold_pool *pool)
504 {
505 	destroy_workqueue(pool->release_wq);
506 	destroy_workqueue(pool->compact_wq);
507 	kfree(pool);
508 }
509 
510 /**
511  * z3fold_alloc() - allocates a region of a given size
512  * @pool:	z3fold pool from which to allocate
513  * @size:	size in bytes of the desired allocation
514  * @gfp:	gfp flags used if the pool needs to grow
515  * @handle:	handle of the new allocation
516  *
517  * This function will attempt to find a free region in the pool large enough to
518  * satisfy the allocation request.  A search of the unbuddied lists is
519  * performed first. If no suitable free region is found, then a new page is
520  * allocated and added to the pool to satisfy the request.
521  *
522  * gfp should not set __GFP_HIGHMEM as highmem pages cannot be used
523  * as z3fold pool pages.
524  *
525  * Return: 0 if success and handle is set, otherwise -EINVAL if the size or
526  * gfp arguments are invalid or -ENOMEM if the pool was unable to allocate
527  * a new page.
528  */
529 static int z3fold_alloc(struct z3fold_pool *pool, size_t size, gfp_t gfp,
530 			unsigned long *handle)
531 {
532 	int chunks = 0, i, freechunks;
533 	struct z3fold_header *zhdr = NULL;
534 	struct page *page = NULL;
535 	enum buddy bud;
536 	bool can_sleep = (gfp & __GFP_RECLAIM) == __GFP_RECLAIM;
537 
538 	if (!size || (gfp & __GFP_HIGHMEM))
539 		return -EINVAL;
540 
541 	if (size > PAGE_SIZE)
542 		return -ENOSPC;
543 
544 	if (size > PAGE_SIZE - ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED - CHUNK_SIZE)
545 		bud = HEADLESS;
546 	else {
547 		struct list_head *unbuddied;
548 		chunks = size_to_chunks(size);
549 
550 lookup:
551 		/* First, try to find an unbuddied z3fold page. */
552 		unbuddied = get_cpu_ptr(pool->unbuddied);
553 		for_each_unbuddied_list(i, chunks) {
554 			struct list_head *l = &unbuddied[i];
555 
556 			zhdr = list_first_entry_or_null(READ_ONCE(l),
557 						struct z3fold_header, buddy);
558 
559 			if (!zhdr)
560 				continue;
561 
562 			/* Re-check under lock. */
563 			spin_lock(&pool->lock);
564 			l = &unbuddied[i];
565 			if (unlikely(zhdr != list_first_entry(READ_ONCE(l),
566 					struct z3fold_header, buddy)) ||
567 			    !z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr)) {
568 				spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
569 				put_cpu_ptr(pool->unbuddied);
570 				goto lookup;
571 			}
572 			list_del_init(&zhdr->buddy);
573 			zhdr->cpu = -1;
574 			spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
575 
576 			page = virt_to_page(zhdr);
577 			if (test_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING, &page->private)) {
578 				z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
579 				zhdr = NULL;
580 				put_cpu_ptr(pool->unbuddied);
581 				if (can_sleep)
582 					cond_resched();
583 				goto lookup;
584 			}
585 
586 			/*
587 			 * this page could not be removed from its unbuddied
588 			 * list while pool lock was held, and then we've taken
589 			 * page lock so kref_put could not be called before
590 			 * we got here, so it's safe to just call kref_get()
591 			 */
592 			kref_get(&zhdr->refcount);
593 			break;
594 		}
595 		put_cpu_ptr(pool->unbuddied);
596 
597 		if (zhdr) {
598 			if (zhdr->first_chunks == 0) {
599 				if (zhdr->middle_chunks != 0 &&
600 				    chunks >= zhdr->start_middle)
601 					bud = LAST;
602 				else
603 					bud = FIRST;
604 			} else if (zhdr->last_chunks == 0)
605 				bud = LAST;
606 			else if (zhdr->middle_chunks == 0)
607 				bud = MIDDLE;
608 			else {
609 				if (kref_put(&zhdr->refcount,
610 					     release_z3fold_page_locked))
611 					atomic64_dec(&pool->pages_nr);
612 				else
613 					z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
614 				pr_err("No free chunks in unbuddied\n");
615 				WARN_ON(1);
616 				goto lookup;
617 			}
618 			goto found;
619 		}
620 		bud = FIRST;
621 	}
622 
623 	spin_lock(&pool->stale_lock);
624 	zhdr = list_first_entry_or_null(&pool->stale,
625 					struct z3fold_header, buddy);
626 	/*
627 	 * Before allocating a page, let's see if we can take one from the
628 	 * stale pages list. cancel_work_sync() can sleep so we must make
629 	 * sure it won't be called in case we're in atomic context.
630 	 */
631 	if (zhdr && (can_sleep || !work_pending(&zhdr->work))) {
632 		list_del(&zhdr->buddy);
633 		spin_unlock(&pool->stale_lock);
634 		if (can_sleep)
635 			cancel_work_sync(&zhdr->work);
636 		page = virt_to_page(zhdr);
637 	} else {
638 		spin_unlock(&pool->stale_lock);
639 		page = alloc_page(gfp);
640 	}
641 
642 	if (!page)
643 		return -ENOMEM;
644 
645 	atomic64_inc(&pool->pages_nr);
646 	zhdr = init_z3fold_page(page, pool);
647 
648 	if (bud == HEADLESS) {
649 		set_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS, &page->private);
650 		goto headless;
651 	}
652 	z3fold_page_lock(zhdr);
653 
654 found:
655 	if (bud == FIRST)
656 		zhdr->first_chunks = chunks;
657 	else if (bud == LAST)
658 		zhdr->last_chunks = chunks;
659 	else {
660 		zhdr->middle_chunks = chunks;
661 		zhdr->start_middle = zhdr->first_chunks + ZHDR_CHUNKS;
662 	}
663 
664 	if (zhdr->first_chunks == 0 || zhdr->last_chunks == 0 ||
665 			zhdr->middle_chunks == 0) {
666 		struct list_head *unbuddied = get_cpu_ptr(pool->unbuddied);
667 
668 		/* Add to unbuddied list */
669 		freechunks = num_free_chunks(zhdr);
670 		spin_lock(&pool->lock);
671 		list_add(&zhdr->buddy, &unbuddied[freechunks]);
672 		spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
673 		zhdr->cpu = smp_processor_id();
674 		put_cpu_ptr(pool->unbuddied);
675 	}
676 
677 headless:
678 	spin_lock(&pool->lock);
679 	/* Add/move z3fold page to beginning of LRU */
680 	if (!list_empty(&page->lru))
681 		list_del(&page->lru);
682 
683 	list_add(&page->lru, &pool->lru);
684 
685 	*handle = encode_handle(zhdr, bud);
686 	spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
687 	if (bud != HEADLESS)
688 		z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
689 
690 	return 0;
691 }
692 
693 /**
694  * z3fold_free() - frees the allocation associated with the given handle
695  * @pool:	pool in which the allocation resided
696  * @handle:	handle associated with the allocation returned by z3fold_alloc()
697  *
698  * In the case that the z3fold page in which the allocation resides is under
699  * reclaim, as indicated by the PG_reclaim flag being set, this function
700  * only sets the first|last_chunks to 0.  The page is actually freed
701  * once both buddies are evicted (see z3fold_reclaim_page() below).
702  */
703 static void z3fold_free(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned long handle)
704 {
705 	struct z3fold_header *zhdr;
706 	struct page *page;
707 	enum buddy bud;
708 
709 	zhdr = handle_to_z3fold_header(handle);
710 	page = virt_to_page(zhdr);
711 
712 	if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS, &page->private)) {
713 		/* HEADLESS page stored */
714 		bud = HEADLESS;
715 	} else {
716 		z3fold_page_lock(zhdr);
717 		bud = handle_to_buddy(handle);
718 
719 		switch (bud) {
720 		case FIRST:
721 			zhdr->first_chunks = 0;
722 			break;
723 		case MIDDLE:
724 			zhdr->middle_chunks = 0;
725 			zhdr->start_middle = 0;
726 			break;
727 		case LAST:
728 			zhdr->last_chunks = 0;
729 			break;
730 		default:
731 			pr_err("%s: unknown bud %d\n", __func__, bud);
732 			WARN_ON(1);
733 			z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
734 			return;
735 		}
736 	}
737 
738 	if (bud == HEADLESS) {
739 		spin_lock(&pool->lock);
740 		list_del(&page->lru);
741 		spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
742 		free_z3fold_page(page);
743 		atomic64_dec(&pool->pages_nr);
744 		return;
745 	}
746 
747 	if (kref_put(&zhdr->refcount, release_z3fold_page_locked_list)) {
748 		atomic64_dec(&pool->pages_nr);
749 		return;
750 	}
751 	if (test_and_set_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING, &page->private)) {
752 		z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
753 		return;
754 	}
755 	if (zhdr->cpu < 0 || !cpu_online(zhdr->cpu)) {
756 		spin_lock(&pool->lock);
757 		list_del_init(&zhdr->buddy);
758 		spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
759 		zhdr->cpu = -1;
760 		kref_get(&zhdr->refcount);
761 		do_compact_page(zhdr, true);
762 		return;
763 	}
764 	kref_get(&zhdr->refcount);
765 	queue_work_on(zhdr->cpu, pool->compact_wq, &zhdr->work);
766 	z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
767 }
768 
769 /**
770  * z3fold_reclaim_page() - evicts allocations from a pool page and frees it
771  * @pool:	pool from which a page will attempt to be evicted
772  * @retires:	number of pages on the LRU list for which eviction will
773  *		be attempted before failing
774  *
775  * z3fold reclaim is different from normal system reclaim in that it is done
776  * from the bottom, up. This is because only the bottom layer, z3fold, has
777  * information on how the allocations are organized within each z3fold page.
778  * This has the potential to create interesting locking situations between
779  * z3fold and the user, however.
780  *
781  * To avoid these, this is how z3fold_reclaim_page() should be called:
782 
783  * The user detects a page should be reclaimed and calls z3fold_reclaim_page().
784  * z3fold_reclaim_page() will remove a z3fold page from the pool LRU list and
785  * call the user-defined eviction handler with the pool and handle as
786  * arguments.
787  *
788  * If the handle can not be evicted, the eviction handler should return
789  * non-zero. z3fold_reclaim_page() will add the z3fold page back to the
790  * appropriate list and try the next z3fold page on the LRU up to
791  * a user defined number of retries.
792  *
793  * If the handle is successfully evicted, the eviction handler should
794  * return 0 _and_ should have called z3fold_free() on the handle. z3fold_free()
795  * contains logic to delay freeing the page if the page is under reclaim,
796  * as indicated by the setting of the PG_reclaim flag on the underlying page.
797  *
798  * If all buddies in the z3fold page are successfully evicted, then the
799  * z3fold page can be freed.
800  *
801  * Returns: 0 if page is successfully freed, otherwise -EINVAL if there are
802  * no pages to evict or an eviction handler is not registered, -EAGAIN if
803  * the retry limit was hit.
804  */
805 static int z3fold_reclaim_page(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned int retries)
806 {
807 	int i, ret = 0;
808 	struct z3fold_header *zhdr = NULL;
809 	struct page *page = NULL;
810 	struct list_head *pos;
811 	unsigned long first_handle = 0, middle_handle = 0, last_handle = 0;
812 
813 	spin_lock(&pool->lock);
814 	if (!pool->ops || !pool->ops->evict || retries == 0) {
815 		spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
816 		return -EINVAL;
817 	}
818 	for (i = 0; i < retries; i++) {
819 		if (list_empty(&pool->lru)) {
820 			spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
821 			return -EINVAL;
822 		}
823 		list_for_each_prev(pos, &pool->lru) {
824 			page = list_entry(pos, struct page, lru);
825 			if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS, &page->private))
826 				/* candidate found */
827 				break;
828 
829 			zhdr = page_address(page);
830 			if (!z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr))
831 				continue; /* can't evict at this point */
832 			kref_get(&zhdr->refcount);
833 			list_del_init(&zhdr->buddy);
834 			zhdr->cpu = -1;
835 		}
836 
837 		list_del_init(&page->lru);
838 		spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
839 
840 		if (!test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS, &page->private)) {
841 			/*
842 			 * We need encode the handles before unlocking, since
843 			 * we can race with free that will set
844 			 * (first|last)_chunks to 0
845 			 */
846 			first_handle = 0;
847 			last_handle = 0;
848 			middle_handle = 0;
849 			if (zhdr->first_chunks)
850 				first_handle = encode_handle(zhdr, FIRST);
851 			if (zhdr->middle_chunks)
852 				middle_handle = encode_handle(zhdr, MIDDLE);
853 			if (zhdr->last_chunks)
854 				last_handle = encode_handle(zhdr, LAST);
855 			/*
856 			 * it's safe to unlock here because we hold a
857 			 * reference to this page
858 			 */
859 			z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
860 		} else {
861 			first_handle = encode_handle(zhdr, HEADLESS);
862 			last_handle = middle_handle = 0;
863 		}
864 
865 		/* Issue the eviction callback(s) */
866 		if (middle_handle) {
867 			ret = pool->ops->evict(pool, middle_handle);
868 			if (ret)
869 				goto next;
870 		}
871 		if (first_handle) {
872 			ret = pool->ops->evict(pool, first_handle);
873 			if (ret)
874 				goto next;
875 		}
876 		if (last_handle) {
877 			ret = pool->ops->evict(pool, last_handle);
878 			if (ret)
879 				goto next;
880 		}
881 next:
882 		spin_lock(&pool->lock);
883 		if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS, &page->private)) {
884 			if (ret == 0) {
885 				spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
886 				free_z3fold_page(page);
887 				return 0;
888 			}
889 		} else if (kref_put(&zhdr->refcount, release_z3fold_page)) {
890 			atomic64_dec(&pool->pages_nr);
891 			spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
892 			return 0;
893 		}
894 
895 		/*
896 		 * Add to the beginning of LRU.
897 		 * Pool lock has to be kept here to ensure the page has
898 		 * not already been released
899 		 */
900 		list_add(&page->lru, &pool->lru);
901 	}
902 	spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
903 	return -EAGAIN;
904 }
905 
906 /**
907  * z3fold_map() - maps the allocation associated with the given handle
908  * @pool:	pool in which the allocation resides
909  * @handle:	handle associated with the allocation to be mapped
910  *
911  * Extracts the buddy number from handle and constructs the pointer to the
912  * correct starting chunk within the page.
913  *
914  * Returns: a pointer to the mapped allocation
915  */
916 static void *z3fold_map(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned long handle)
917 {
918 	struct z3fold_header *zhdr;
919 	struct page *page;
920 	void *addr;
921 	enum buddy buddy;
922 
923 	zhdr = handle_to_z3fold_header(handle);
924 	addr = zhdr;
925 	page = virt_to_page(zhdr);
926 
927 	if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS, &page->private))
928 		goto out;
929 
930 	z3fold_page_lock(zhdr);
931 	buddy = handle_to_buddy(handle);
932 	switch (buddy) {
933 	case FIRST:
934 		addr += ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED;
935 		break;
936 	case MIDDLE:
937 		addr += zhdr->start_middle << CHUNK_SHIFT;
938 		set_bit(MIDDLE_CHUNK_MAPPED, &page->private);
939 		break;
940 	case LAST:
941 		addr += PAGE_SIZE - (zhdr->last_chunks << CHUNK_SHIFT);
942 		break;
943 	default:
944 		pr_err("unknown buddy id %d\n", buddy);
945 		WARN_ON(1);
946 		addr = NULL;
947 		break;
948 	}
949 
950 	z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
951 out:
952 	return addr;
953 }
954 
955 /**
956  * z3fold_unmap() - unmaps the allocation associated with the given handle
957  * @pool:	pool in which the allocation resides
958  * @handle:	handle associated with the allocation to be unmapped
959  */
960 static void z3fold_unmap(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned long handle)
961 {
962 	struct z3fold_header *zhdr;
963 	struct page *page;
964 	enum buddy buddy;
965 
966 	zhdr = handle_to_z3fold_header(handle);
967 	page = virt_to_page(zhdr);
968 
969 	if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS, &page->private))
970 		return;
971 
972 	z3fold_page_lock(zhdr);
973 	buddy = handle_to_buddy(handle);
974 	if (buddy == MIDDLE)
975 		clear_bit(MIDDLE_CHUNK_MAPPED, &page->private);
976 	z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
977 }
978 
979 /**
980  * z3fold_get_pool_size() - gets the z3fold pool size in pages
981  * @pool:	pool whose size is being queried
982  *
983  * Returns: size in pages of the given pool.
984  */
985 static u64 z3fold_get_pool_size(struct z3fold_pool *pool)
986 {
987 	return atomic64_read(&pool->pages_nr);
988 }
989 
990 /*****************
991  * zpool
992  ****************/
993 
994 static int z3fold_zpool_evict(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned long handle)
995 {
996 	if (pool->zpool && pool->zpool_ops && pool->zpool_ops->evict)
997 		return pool->zpool_ops->evict(pool->zpool, handle);
998 	else
999 		return -ENOENT;
1000 }
1001 
1002 static const struct z3fold_ops z3fold_zpool_ops = {
1003 	.evict =	z3fold_zpool_evict
1004 };
1005 
1006 static void *z3fold_zpool_create(const char *name, gfp_t gfp,
1007 			       const struct zpool_ops *zpool_ops,
1008 			       struct zpool *zpool)
1009 {
1010 	struct z3fold_pool *pool;
1011 
1012 	pool = z3fold_create_pool(name, gfp,
1013 				zpool_ops ? &z3fold_zpool_ops : NULL);
1014 	if (pool) {
1015 		pool->zpool = zpool;
1016 		pool->zpool_ops = zpool_ops;
1017 	}
1018 	return pool;
1019 }
1020 
1021 static void z3fold_zpool_destroy(void *pool)
1022 {
1023 	z3fold_destroy_pool(pool);
1024 }
1025 
1026 static int z3fold_zpool_malloc(void *pool, size_t size, gfp_t gfp,
1027 			unsigned long *handle)
1028 {
1029 	return z3fold_alloc(pool, size, gfp, handle);
1030 }
1031 static void z3fold_zpool_free(void *pool, unsigned long handle)
1032 {
1033 	z3fold_free(pool, handle);
1034 }
1035 
1036 static int z3fold_zpool_shrink(void *pool, unsigned int pages,
1037 			unsigned int *reclaimed)
1038 {
1039 	unsigned int total = 0;
1040 	int ret = -EINVAL;
1041 
1042 	while (total < pages) {
1043 		ret = z3fold_reclaim_page(pool, 8);
1044 		if (ret < 0)
1045 			break;
1046 		total++;
1047 	}
1048 
1049 	if (reclaimed)
1050 		*reclaimed = total;
1051 
1052 	return ret;
1053 }
1054 
1055 static void *z3fold_zpool_map(void *pool, unsigned long handle,
1056 			enum zpool_mapmode mm)
1057 {
1058 	return z3fold_map(pool, handle);
1059 }
1060 static void z3fold_zpool_unmap(void *pool, unsigned long handle)
1061 {
1062 	z3fold_unmap(pool, handle);
1063 }
1064 
1065 static u64 z3fold_zpool_total_size(void *pool)
1066 {
1067 	return z3fold_get_pool_size(pool) * PAGE_SIZE;
1068 }
1069 
1070 static struct zpool_driver z3fold_zpool_driver = {
1071 	.type =		"z3fold",
1072 	.owner =	THIS_MODULE,
1073 	.create =	z3fold_zpool_create,
1074 	.destroy =	z3fold_zpool_destroy,
1075 	.malloc =	z3fold_zpool_malloc,
1076 	.free =		z3fold_zpool_free,
1077 	.shrink =	z3fold_zpool_shrink,
1078 	.map =		z3fold_zpool_map,
1079 	.unmap =	z3fold_zpool_unmap,
1080 	.total_size =	z3fold_zpool_total_size,
1081 };
1082 
1083 MODULE_ALIAS("zpool-z3fold");
1084 
1085 static int __init init_z3fold(void)
1086 {
1087 	/* Make sure the z3fold header is not larger than the page size */
1088 	BUILD_BUG_ON(ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED > PAGE_SIZE);
1089 	zpool_register_driver(&z3fold_zpool_driver);
1090 
1091 	return 0;
1092 }
1093 
1094 static void __exit exit_z3fold(void)
1095 {
1096 	zpool_unregister_driver(&z3fold_zpool_driver);
1097 }
1098 
1099 module_init(init_z3fold);
1100 module_exit(exit_z3fold);
1101 
1102 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
1103 MODULE_AUTHOR("Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>");
1104 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("3-Fold Allocator for Compressed Pages");
1105