1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 2 /* 3 * linux/mm/page_io.c 4 * 5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds 6 * 7 * Swap reorganised 29.12.95, 8 * Asynchronous swapping added 30.12.95. Stephen Tweedie 9 * Removed race in async swapping. 14.4.1996. Bruno Haible 10 * Add swap of shared pages through the page cache. 20.2.1998. Stephen Tweedie 11 * Always use brw_page, life becomes simpler. 12 May 1998 Eric Biederman 12 */ 13 14 #include <linux/mm.h> 15 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h> 16 #include <linux/gfp.h> 17 #include <linux/pagemap.h> 18 #include <linux/swap.h> 19 #include <linux/bio.h> 20 #include <linux/swapops.h> 21 #include <linux/writeback.h> 22 #include <linux/blkdev.h> 23 #include <linux/psi.h> 24 #include <linux/uio.h> 25 #include <linux/sched/task.h> 26 #include <linux/delayacct.h> 27 #include <linux/zswap.h> 28 #include "swap.h" 29 30 static void __end_swap_bio_write(struct bio *bio) 31 { 32 struct folio *folio = bio_first_folio_all(bio); 33 34 if (bio->bi_status) { 35 /* 36 * We failed to write the page out to swap-space. 37 * Re-dirty the page in order to avoid it being reclaimed. 38 * Also print a dire warning that things will go BAD (tm) 39 * very quickly. 40 * 41 * Also clear PG_reclaim to avoid folio_rotate_reclaimable() 42 */ 43 folio_mark_dirty(folio); 44 pr_alert_ratelimited("Write-error on swap-device (%u:%u:%llu)\n", 45 MAJOR(bio_dev(bio)), MINOR(bio_dev(bio)), 46 (unsigned long long)bio->bi_iter.bi_sector); 47 folio_clear_reclaim(folio); 48 } 49 folio_end_writeback(folio); 50 } 51 52 static void end_swap_bio_write(struct bio *bio) 53 { 54 __end_swap_bio_write(bio); 55 bio_put(bio); 56 } 57 58 static void __end_swap_bio_read(struct bio *bio) 59 { 60 struct folio *folio = bio_first_folio_all(bio); 61 62 if (bio->bi_status) { 63 pr_alert_ratelimited("Read-error on swap-device (%u:%u:%llu)\n", 64 MAJOR(bio_dev(bio)), MINOR(bio_dev(bio)), 65 (unsigned long long)bio->bi_iter.bi_sector); 66 } else { 67 folio_mark_uptodate(folio); 68 } 69 folio_unlock(folio); 70 } 71 72 static void end_swap_bio_read(struct bio *bio) 73 { 74 __end_swap_bio_read(bio); 75 bio_put(bio); 76 } 77 78 int generic_swapfile_activate(struct swap_info_struct *sis, 79 struct file *swap_file, 80 sector_t *span) 81 { 82 struct address_space *mapping = swap_file->f_mapping; 83 struct inode *inode = mapping->host; 84 unsigned blocks_per_page; 85 unsigned long page_no; 86 unsigned blkbits; 87 sector_t probe_block; 88 sector_t last_block; 89 sector_t lowest_block = -1; 90 sector_t highest_block = 0; 91 int nr_extents = 0; 92 int ret; 93 94 blkbits = inode->i_blkbits; 95 blocks_per_page = PAGE_SIZE >> blkbits; 96 97 /* 98 * Map all the blocks into the extent tree. This code doesn't try 99 * to be very smart. 100 */ 101 probe_block = 0; 102 page_no = 0; 103 last_block = i_size_read(inode) >> blkbits; 104 while ((probe_block + blocks_per_page) <= last_block && 105 page_no < sis->max) { 106 unsigned block_in_page; 107 sector_t first_block; 108 109 cond_resched(); 110 111 first_block = probe_block; 112 ret = bmap(inode, &first_block); 113 if (ret || !first_block) 114 goto bad_bmap; 115 116 /* 117 * It must be PAGE_SIZE aligned on-disk 118 */ 119 if (first_block & (blocks_per_page - 1)) { 120 probe_block++; 121 goto reprobe; 122 } 123 124 for (block_in_page = 1; block_in_page < blocks_per_page; 125 block_in_page++) { 126 sector_t block; 127 128 block = probe_block + block_in_page; 129 ret = bmap(inode, &block); 130 if (ret || !block) 131 goto bad_bmap; 132 133 if (block != first_block + block_in_page) { 134 /* Discontiguity */ 135 probe_block++; 136 goto reprobe; 137 } 138 } 139 140 first_block >>= (PAGE_SHIFT - blkbits); 141 if (page_no) { /* exclude the header page */ 142 if (first_block < lowest_block) 143 lowest_block = first_block; 144 if (first_block > highest_block) 145 highest_block = first_block; 146 } 147 148 /* 149 * We found a PAGE_SIZE-length, PAGE_SIZE-aligned run of blocks 150 */ 151 ret = add_swap_extent(sis, page_no, 1, first_block); 152 if (ret < 0) 153 goto out; 154 nr_extents += ret; 155 page_no++; 156 probe_block += blocks_per_page; 157 reprobe: 158 continue; 159 } 160 ret = nr_extents; 161 *span = 1 + highest_block - lowest_block; 162 if (page_no == 0) 163 page_no = 1; /* force Empty message */ 164 sis->max = page_no; 165 sis->pages = page_no - 1; 166 sis->highest_bit = page_no - 1; 167 out: 168 return ret; 169 bad_bmap: 170 pr_err("swapon: swapfile has holes\n"); 171 ret = -EINVAL; 172 goto out; 173 } 174 175 /* 176 * We may have stale swap cache pages in memory: notice 177 * them here and get rid of the unnecessary final write. 178 */ 179 int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc) 180 { 181 struct folio *folio = page_folio(page); 182 int ret; 183 184 if (folio_free_swap(folio)) { 185 folio_unlock(folio); 186 return 0; 187 } 188 /* 189 * Arch code may have to preserve more data than just the page 190 * contents, e.g. memory tags. 191 */ 192 ret = arch_prepare_to_swap(&folio->page); 193 if (ret) { 194 folio_mark_dirty(folio); 195 folio_unlock(folio); 196 return ret; 197 } 198 if (zswap_store(folio)) { 199 folio_start_writeback(folio); 200 folio_unlock(folio); 201 folio_end_writeback(folio); 202 return 0; 203 } 204 if (!mem_cgroup_zswap_writeback_enabled(folio_memcg(folio))) { 205 folio_mark_dirty(folio); 206 return AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE; 207 } 208 209 __swap_writepage(folio, wbc); 210 return 0; 211 } 212 213 static inline void count_swpout_vm_event(struct folio *folio) 214 { 215 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE 216 if (unlikely(folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio))) { 217 count_memcg_folio_events(folio, THP_SWPOUT, 1); 218 count_vm_event(THP_SWPOUT); 219 } 220 #endif 221 count_vm_events(PSWPOUT, folio_nr_pages(folio)); 222 } 223 224 #if defined(CONFIG_MEMCG) && defined(CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP) 225 static void bio_associate_blkg_from_page(struct bio *bio, struct folio *folio) 226 { 227 struct cgroup_subsys_state *css; 228 struct mem_cgroup *memcg; 229 230 memcg = folio_memcg(folio); 231 if (!memcg) 232 return; 233 234 rcu_read_lock(); 235 css = cgroup_e_css(memcg->css.cgroup, &io_cgrp_subsys); 236 bio_associate_blkg_from_css(bio, css); 237 rcu_read_unlock(); 238 } 239 #else 240 #define bio_associate_blkg_from_page(bio, folio) do { } while (0) 241 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMCG && CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP */ 242 243 struct swap_iocb { 244 struct kiocb iocb; 245 struct bio_vec bvec[SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX]; 246 int pages; 247 int len; 248 }; 249 static mempool_t *sio_pool; 250 251 int sio_pool_init(void) 252 { 253 if (!sio_pool) { 254 mempool_t *pool = mempool_create_kmalloc_pool( 255 SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, sizeof(struct swap_iocb)); 256 if (cmpxchg(&sio_pool, NULL, pool)) 257 mempool_destroy(pool); 258 } 259 if (!sio_pool) 260 return -ENOMEM; 261 return 0; 262 } 263 264 static void sio_write_complete(struct kiocb *iocb, long ret) 265 { 266 struct swap_iocb *sio = container_of(iocb, struct swap_iocb, iocb); 267 struct page *page = sio->bvec[0].bv_page; 268 int p; 269 270 if (ret != sio->len) { 271 /* 272 * In the case of swap-over-nfs, this can be a 273 * temporary failure if the system has limited 274 * memory for allocating transmit buffers. 275 * Mark the page dirty and avoid 276 * folio_rotate_reclaimable but rate-limit the 277 * messages but do not flag PageError like 278 * the normal direct-to-bio case as it could 279 * be temporary. 280 */ 281 pr_err_ratelimited("Write error %ld on dio swapfile (%llu)\n", 282 ret, page_file_offset(page)); 283 for (p = 0; p < sio->pages; p++) { 284 page = sio->bvec[p].bv_page; 285 set_page_dirty(page); 286 ClearPageReclaim(page); 287 } 288 } 289 290 for (p = 0; p < sio->pages; p++) 291 end_page_writeback(sio->bvec[p].bv_page); 292 293 mempool_free(sio, sio_pool); 294 } 295 296 static void swap_writepage_fs(struct folio *folio, struct writeback_control *wbc) 297 { 298 struct swap_iocb *sio = NULL; 299 struct swap_info_struct *sis = swp_swap_info(folio->swap); 300 struct file *swap_file = sis->swap_file; 301 loff_t pos = folio_file_pos(folio); 302 303 count_swpout_vm_event(folio); 304 folio_start_writeback(folio); 305 folio_unlock(folio); 306 if (wbc->swap_plug) 307 sio = *wbc->swap_plug; 308 if (sio) { 309 if (sio->iocb.ki_filp != swap_file || 310 sio->iocb.ki_pos + sio->len != pos) { 311 swap_write_unplug(sio); 312 sio = NULL; 313 } 314 } 315 if (!sio) { 316 sio = mempool_alloc(sio_pool, GFP_NOIO); 317 init_sync_kiocb(&sio->iocb, swap_file); 318 sio->iocb.ki_complete = sio_write_complete; 319 sio->iocb.ki_pos = pos; 320 sio->pages = 0; 321 sio->len = 0; 322 } 323 bvec_set_folio(&sio->bvec[sio->pages], folio, folio_size(folio), 0); 324 sio->len += folio_size(folio); 325 sio->pages += 1; 326 if (sio->pages == ARRAY_SIZE(sio->bvec) || !wbc->swap_plug) { 327 swap_write_unplug(sio); 328 sio = NULL; 329 } 330 if (wbc->swap_plug) 331 *wbc->swap_plug = sio; 332 } 333 334 static void swap_writepage_bdev_sync(struct folio *folio, 335 struct writeback_control *wbc, struct swap_info_struct *sis) 336 { 337 struct bio_vec bv; 338 struct bio bio; 339 340 bio_init(&bio, sis->bdev, &bv, 1, 341 REQ_OP_WRITE | REQ_SWAP | wbc_to_write_flags(wbc)); 342 bio.bi_iter.bi_sector = swap_folio_sector(folio); 343 bio_add_folio_nofail(&bio, folio, folio_size(folio), 0); 344 345 bio_associate_blkg_from_page(&bio, folio); 346 count_swpout_vm_event(folio); 347 348 folio_start_writeback(folio); 349 folio_unlock(folio); 350 351 submit_bio_wait(&bio); 352 __end_swap_bio_write(&bio); 353 } 354 355 static void swap_writepage_bdev_async(struct folio *folio, 356 struct writeback_control *wbc, struct swap_info_struct *sis) 357 { 358 struct bio *bio; 359 360 bio = bio_alloc(sis->bdev, 1, 361 REQ_OP_WRITE | REQ_SWAP | wbc_to_write_flags(wbc), 362 GFP_NOIO); 363 bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = swap_folio_sector(folio); 364 bio->bi_end_io = end_swap_bio_write; 365 bio_add_folio_nofail(bio, folio, folio_size(folio), 0); 366 367 bio_associate_blkg_from_page(bio, folio); 368 count_swpout_vm_event(folio); 369 folio_start_writeback(folio); 370 folio_unlock(folio); 371 submit_bio(bio); 372 } 373 374 void __swap_writepage(struct folio *folio, struct writeback_control *wbc) 375 { 376 struct swap_info_struct *sis = swp_swap_info(folio->swap); 377 378 VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_swapcache(folio), folio); 379 /* 380 * ->flags can be updated non-atomicially (scan_swap_map_slots), 381 * but that will never affect SWP_FS_OPS, so the data_race 382 * is safe. 383 */ 384 if (data_race(sis->flags & SWP_FS_OPS)) 385 swap_writepage_fs(folio, wbc); 386 else if (sis->flags & SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO) 387 swap_writepage_bdev_sync(folio, wbc, sis); 388 else 389 swap_writepage_bdev_async(folio, wbc, sis); 390 } 391 392 void swap_write_unplug(struct swap_iocb *sio) 393 { 394 struct iov_iter from; 395 struct address_space *mapping = sio->iocb.ki_filp->f_mapping; 396 int ret; 397 398 iov_iter_bvec(&from, ITER_SOURCE, sio->bvec, sio->pages, sio->len); 399 ret = mapping->a_ops->swap_rw(&sio->iocb, &from); 400 if (ret != -EIOCBQUEUED) 401 sio_write_complete(&sio->iocb, ret); 402 } 403 404 static void sio_read_complete(struct kiocb *iocb, long ret) 405 { 406 struct swap_iocb *sio = container_of(iocb, struct swap_iocb, iocb); 407 int p; 408 409 if (ret == sio->len) { 410 for (p = 0; p < sio->pages; p++) { 411 struct folio *folio = page_folio(sio->bvec[p].bv_page); 412 413 folio_mark_uptodate(folio); 414 folio_unlock(folio); 415 } 416 count_vm_events(PSWPIN, sio->pages); 417 } else { 418 for (p = 0; p < sio->pages; p++) { 419 struct folio *folio = page_folio(sio->bvec[p].bv_page); 420 421 folio_unlock(folio); 422 } 423 pr_alert_ratelimited("Read-error on swap-device\n"); 424 } 425 mempool_free(sio, sio_pool); 426 } 427 428 static void swap_read_folio_fs(struct folio *folio, struct swap_iocb **plug) 429 { 430 struct swap_info_struct *sis = swp_swap_info(folio->swap); 431 struct swap_iocb *sio = NULL; 432 loff_t pos = folio_file_pos(folio); 433 434 if (plug) 435 sio = *plug; 436 if (sio) { 437 if (sio->iocb.ki_filp != sis->swap_file || 438 sio->iocb.ki_pos + sio->len != pos) { 439 swap_read_unplug(sio); 440 sio = NULL; 441 } 442 } 443 if (!sio) { 444 sio = mempool_alloc(sio_pool, GFP_KERNEL); 445 init_sync_kiocb(&sio->iocb, sis->swap_file); 446 sio->iocb.ki_pos = pos; 447 sio->iocb.ki_complete = sio_read_complete; 448 sio->pages = 0; 449 sio->len = 0; 450 } 451 bvec_set_folio(&sio->bvec[sio->pages], folio, folio_size(folio), 0); 452 sio->len += folio_size(folio); 453 sio->pages += 1; 454 if (sio->pages == ARRAY_SIZE(sio->bvec) || !plug) { 455 swap_read_unplug(sio); 456 sio = NULL; 457 } 458 if (plug) 459 *plug = sio; 460 } 461 462 static void swap_read_folio_bdev_sync(struct folio *folio, 463 struct swap_info_struct *sis) 464 { 465 struct bio_vec bv; 466 struct bio bio; 467 468 bio_init(&bio, sis->bdev, &bv, 1, REQ_OP_READ); 469 bio.bi_iter.bi_sector = swap_folio_sector(folio); 470 bio_add_folio_nofail(&bio, folio, folio_size(folio), 0); 471 /* 472 * Keep this task valid during swap readpage because the oom killer may 473 * attempt to access it in the page fault retry time check. 474 */ 475 get_task_struct(current); 476 count_vm_event(PSWPIN); 477 submit_bio_wait(&bio); 478 __end_swap_bio_read(&bio); 479 put_task_struct(current); 480 } 481 482 static void swap_read_folio_bdev_async(struct folio *folio, 483 struct swap_info_struct *sis) 484 { 485 struct bio *bio; 486 487 bio = bio_alloc(sis->bdev, 1, REQ_OP_READ, GFP_KERNEL); 488 bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = swap_folio_sector(folio); 489 bio->bi_end_io = end_swap_bio_read; 490 bio_add_folio_nofail(bio, folio, folio_size(folio), 0); 491 count_vm_event(PSWPIN); 492 submit_bio(bio); 493 } 494 495 void swap_read_folio(struct folio *folio, bool synchronous, 496 struct swap_iocb **plug) 497 { 498 struct swap_info_struct *sis = swp_swap_info(folio->swap); 499 bool workingset = folio_test_workingset(folio); 500 unsigned long pflags; 501 bool in_thrashing; 502 503 VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_swapcache(folio) && !synchronous, folio); 504 VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio); 505 VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_uptodate(folio), folio); 506 507 /* 508 * Count submission time as memory stall and delay. When the device 509 * is congested, or the submitting cgroup IO-throttled, submission 510 * can be a significant part of overall IO time. 511 */ 512 if (workingset) { 513 delayacct_thrashing_start(&in_thrashing); 514 psi_memstall_enter(&pflags); 515 } 516 delayacct_swapin_start(); 517 518 if (zswap_load(folio)) { 519 folio_mark_uptodate(folio); 520 folio_unlock(folio); 521 } else if (data_race(sis->flags & SWP_FS_OPS)) { 522 swap_read_folio_fs(folio, plug); 523 } else if (synchronous || (sis->flags & SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO)) { 524 swap_read_folio_bdev_sync(folio, sis); 525 } else { 526 swap_read_folio_bdev_async(folio, sis); 527 } 528 529 if (workingset) { 530 delayacct_thrashing_end(&in_thrashing); 531 psi_memstall_leave(&pflags); 532 } 533 delayacct_swapin_end(); 534 } 535 536 void __swap_read_unplug(struct swap_iocb *sio) 537 { 538 struct iov_iter from; 539 struct address_space *mapping = sio->iocb.ki_filp->f_mapping; 540 int ret; 541 542 iov_iter_bvec(&from, ITER_DEST, sio->bvec, sio->pages, sio->len); 543 ret = mapping->a_ops->swap_rw(&sio->iocb, &from); 544 if (ret != -EIOCBQUEUED) 545 sio_read_complete(&sio->iocb, ret); 546 } 547