xref: /linux/mm/mprotect.c (revision ffcaa2172cc1a85ddb8b783de96d38ca8855e248)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 /*
3  *  mm/mprotect.c
4  *
5  *  (C) Copyright 1994 Linus Torvalds
6  *  (C) Copyright 2002 Christoph Hellwig
7  *
8  *  Address space accounting code	<alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
9  *  (C) Copyright 2002 Red Hat Inc, All Rights Reserved
10  */
11 
12 #include <linux/pagewalk.h>
13 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
14 #include <linux/shm.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/fs.h>
17 #include <linux/highmem.h>
18 #include <linux/security.h>
19 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
20 #include <linux/personality.h>
21 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
22 #include <linux/swap.h>
23 #include <linux/swapops.h>
24 #include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
25 #include <linux/migrate.h>
26 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
27 #include <linux/pkeys.h>
28 #include <linux/ksm.h>
29 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
30 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
31 #include <linux/pgtable.h>
32 #include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
33 #include <linux/userfaultfd_k.h>
34 #include <linux/memory-tiers.h>
35 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
36 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
37 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
38 #include <asm/tlb.h>
39 
40 #include "internal.h"
41 
42 bool can_change_pte_writable(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
43 			     pte_t pte)
44 {
45 	struct page *page;
46 
47 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)))
48 		return false;
49 
50 	/* Don't touch entries that are not even readable. */
51 	if (pte_protnone(pte))
52 		return false;
53 
54 	/* Do we need write faults for softdirty tracking? */
55 	if (vma_soft_dirty_enabled(vma) && !pte_soft_dirty(pte))
56 		return false;
57 
58 	/* Do we need write faults for uffd-wp tracking? */
59 	if (userfaultfd_pte_wp(vma, pte))
60 		return false;
61 
62 	if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) {
63 		/*
64 		 * Writable MAP_PRIVATE mapping: We can only special-case on
65 		 * exclusive anonymous pages, because we know that our
66 		 * write-fault handler similarly would map them writable without
67 		 * any additional checks while holding the PT lock.
68 		 */
69 		page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, pte);
70 		return page && PageAnon(page) && PageAnonExclusive(page);
71 	}
72 
73 	/*
74 	 * Writable MAP_SHARED mapping: "clean" might indicate that the FS still
75 	 * needs a real write-fault for writenotify
76 	 * (see vma_wants_writenotify()). If "dirty", the assumption is that the
77 	 * FS was already notified and we can simply mark the PTE writable
78 	 * just like the write-fault handler would do.
79 	 */
80 	return pte_dirty(pte);
81 }
82 
83 static long change_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
84 		struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
85 		unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
86 {
87 	pte_t *pte, oldpte;
88 	spinlock_t *ptl;
89 	long pages = 0;
90 	int target_node = NUMA_NO_NODE;
91 	bool prot_numa = cp_flags & MM_CP_PROT_NUMA;
92 	bool uffd_wp = cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP;
93 	bool uffd_wp_resolve = cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP_RESOLVE;
94 
95 	tlb_change_page_size(tlb, PAGE_SIZE);
96 	pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
97 	if (!pte)
98 		return -EAGAIN;
99 
100 	/* Get target node for single threaded private VMAs */
101 	if (prot_numa && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED) &&
102 	    atomic_read(&vma->vm_mm->mm_users) == 1)
103 		target_node = numa_node_id();
104 
105 	flush_tlb_batched_pending(vma->vm_mm);
106 	arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode();
107 	do {
108 		oldpte = ptep_get(pte);
109 		if (pte_present(oldpte)) {
110 			pte_t ptent;
111 
112 			/*
113 			 * Avoid trapping faults against the zero or KSM
114 			 * pages. See similar comment in change_huge_pmd.
115 			 */
116 			if (prot_numa) {
117 				struct folio *folio;
118 				int nid;
119 				bool toptier;
120 
121 				/* Avoid TLB flush if possible */
122 				if (pte_protnone(oldpte))
123 					continue;
124 
125 				folio = vm_normal_folio(vma, addr, oldpte);
126 				if (!folio || folio_is_zone_device(folio) ||
127 				    folio_test_ksm(folio))
128 					continue;
129 
130 				/* Also skip shared copy-on-write pages */
131 				if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags) &&
132 				    (folio_maybe_dma_pinned(folio) ||
133 				     folio_likely_mapped_shared(folio)))
134 					continue;
135 
136 				/*
137 				 * While migration can move some dirty pages,
138 				 * it cannot move them all from MIGRATE_ASYNC
139 				 * context.
140 				 */
141 				if (folio_is_file_lru(folio) &&
142 				    folio_test_dirty(folio))
143 					continue;
144 
145 				/*
146 				 * Don't mess with PTEs if page is already on the node
147 				 * a single-threaded process is running on.
148 				 */
149 				nid = folio_nid(folio);
150 				if (target_node == nid)
151 					continue;
152 				toptier = node_is_toptier(nid);
153 
154 				/*
155 				 * Skip scanning top tier node if normal numa
156 				 * balancing is disabled
157 				 */
158 				if (!(sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_NORMAL) &&
159 				    toptier)
160 					continue;
161 				if (sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING &&
162 				    !toptier)
163 					folio_xchg_access_time(folio,
164 						jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies));
165 			}
166 
167 			oldpte = ptep_modify_prot_start(vma, addr, pte);
168 			ptent = pte_modify(oldpte, newprot);
169 
170 			if (uffd_wp)
171 				ptent = pte_mkuffd_wp(ptent);
172 			else if (uffd_wp_resolve)
173 				ptent = pte_clear_uffd_wp(ptent);
174 
175 			/*
176 			 * In some writable, shared mappings, we might want
177 			 * to catch actual write access -- see
178 			 * vma_wants_writenotify().
179 			 *
180 			 * In all writable, private mappings, we have to
181 			 * properly handle COW.
182 			 *
183 			 * In both cases, we can sometimes still change PTEs
184 			 * writable and avoid the write-fault handler, for
185 			 * example, if a PTE is already dirty and no other
186 			 * COW or special handling is required.
187 			 */
188 			if ((cp_flags & MM_CP_TRY_CHANGE_WRITABLE) &&
189 			    !pte_write(ptent) &&
190 			    can_change_pte_writable(vma, addr, ptent))
191 				ptent = pte_mkwrite(ptent, vma);
192 
193 			ptep_modify_prot_commit(vma, addr, pte, oldpte, ptent);
194 			if (pte_needs_flush(oldpte, ptent))
195 				tlb_flush_pte_range(tlb, addr, PAGE_SIZE);
196 			pages++;
197 		} else if (is_swap_pte(oldpte)) {
198 			swp_entry_t entry = pte_to_swp_entry(oldpte);
199 			pte_t newpte;
200 
201 			if (is_writable_migration_entry(entry)) {
202 				struct folio *folio = pfn_swap_entry_folio(entry);
203 
204 				/*
205 				 * A protection check is difficult so
206 				 * just be safe and disable write
207 				 */
208 				if (folio_test_anon(folio))
209 					entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(
210 							     swp_offset(entry));
211 				else
212 					entry = make_readable_migration_entry(swp_offset(entry));
213 				newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
214 				if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(oldpte))
215 					newpte = pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
216 			} else if (is_writable_device_private_entry(entry)) {
217 				/*
218 				 * We do not preserve soft-dirtiness. See
219 				 * copy_nonpresent_pte() for explanation.
220 				 */
221 				entry = make_readable_device_private_entry(
222 							swp_offset(entry));
223 				newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
224 				if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte))
225 					newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
226 			} else if (is_writable_device_exclusive_entry(entry)) {
227 				entry = make_readable_device_exclusive_entry(
228 							swp_offset(entry));
229 				newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
230 				if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(oldpte))
231 					newpte = pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
232 				if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte))
233 					newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
234 			} else if (is_pte_marker_entry(entry)) {
235 				/*
236 				 * Ignore error swap entries unconditionally,
237 				 * because any access should sigbus anyway.
238 				 */
239 				if (is_poisoned_swp_entry(entry))
240 					continue;
241 				/*
242 				 * If this is uffd-wp pte marker and we'd like
243 				 * to unprotect it, drop it; the next page
244 				 * fault will trigger without uffd trapping.
245 				 */
246 				if (uffd_wp_resolve) {
247 					pte_clear(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte);
248 					pages++;
249 				}
250 				continue;
251 			} else {
252 				newpte = oldpte;
253 			}
254 
255 			if (uffd_wp)
256 				newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
257 			else if (uffd_wp_resolve)
258 				newpte = pte_swp_clear_uffd_wp(newpte);
259 
260 			if (!pte_same(oldpte, newpte)) {
261 				set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte, newpte);
262 				pages++;
263 			}
264 		} else {
265 			/* It must be an none page, or what else?.. */
266 			WARN_ON_ONCE(!pte_none(oldpte));
267 
268 			/*
269 			 * Nobody plays with any none ptes besides
270 			 * userfaultfd when applying the protections.
271 			 */
272 			if (likely(!uffd_wp))
273 				continue;
274 
275 			if (userfaultfd_wp_use_markers(vma)) {
276 				/*
277 				 * For file-backed mem, we need to be able to
278 				 * wr-protect a none pte, because even if the
279 				 * pte is none, the page/swap cache could
280 				 * exist.  Doing that by install a marker.
281 				 */
282 				set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte,
283 					   make_pte_marker(PTE_MARKER_UFFD_WP));
284 				pages++;
285 			}
286 		}
287 	} while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
288 	arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
289 	pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);
290 
291 	return pages;
292 }
293 
294 /*
295  * Return true if we want to split THPs into PTE mappings in change
296  * protection procedure, false otherwise.
297  */
298 static inline bool
299 pgtable_split_needed(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long cp_flags)
300 {
301 	/*
302 	 * pte markers only resides in pte level, if we need pte markers,
303 	 * we need to split.  We cannot wr-protect shmem thp because file
304 	 * thp is handled differently when split by erasing the pmd so far.
305 	 */
306 	return (cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP) && !vma_is_anonymous(vma);
307 }
308 
309 /*
310  * Return true if we want to populate pgtables in change protection
311  * procedure, false otherwise
312  */
313 static inline bool
314 pgtable_populate_needed(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long cp_flags)
315 {
316 	/* If not within ioctl(UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT), then don't bother */
317 	if (!(cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP))
318 		return false;
319 
320 	/* Populate if the userfaultfd mode requires pte markers */
321 	return userfaultfd_wp_use_markers(vma);
322 }
323 
324 /*
325  * Populate the pgtable underneath for whatever reason if requested.
326  * When {pte|pmd|...}_alloc() failed we treat it the same way as pgtable
327  * allocation failures during page faults by kicking OOM and returning
328  * error.
329  */
330 #define  change_pmd_prepare(vma, pmd, cp_flags)				\
331 	({								\
332 		long err = 0;						\
333 		if (unlikely(pgtable_populate_needed(vma, cp_flags))) {	\
334 			if (pte_alloc(vma->vm_mm, pmd))			\
335 				err = -ENOMEM;				\
336 		}							\
337 		err;							\
338 	})
339 
340 /*
341  * This is the general pud/p4d/pgd version of change_pmd_prepare(). We need to
342  * have separate change_pmd_prepare() because pte_alloc() returns 0 on success,
343  * while {pmd|pud|p4d}_alloc() returns the valid pointer on success.
344  */
345 #define  change_prepare(vma, high, low, addr, cp_flags)			\
346 	  ({								\
347 		long err = 0;						\
348 		if (unlikely(pgtable_populate_needed(vma, cp_flags))) {	\
349 			low##_t *p = low##_alloc(vma->vm_mm, high, addr); \
350 			if (p == NULL)					\
351 				err = -ENOMEM;				\
352 		}							\
353 		err;							\
354 	})
355 
356 static inline long change_pmd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
357 		struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr,
358 		unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
359 {
360 	pmd_t *pmd;
361 	unsigned long next;
362 	long pages = 0;
363 	unsigned long nr_huge_updates = 0;
364 	struct mmu_notifier_range range;
365 
366 	range.start = 0;
367 
368 	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
369 	do {
370 		long ret;
371 		pmd_t _pmd;
372 again:
373 		next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
374 
375 		ret = change_pmd_prepare(vma, pmd, cp_flags);
376 		if (ret) {
377 			pages = ret;
378 			break;
379 		}
380 
381 		if (pmd_none(*pmd))
382 			goto next;
383 
384 		/* invoke the mmu notifier if the pmd is populated */
385 		if (!range.start) {
386 			mmu_notifier_range_init(&range,
387 				MMU_NOTIFY_PROTECTION_VMA, 0,
388 				vma->vm_mm, addr, end);
389 			mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
390 		}
391 
392 		_pmd = pmdp_get_lockless(pmd);
393 		if (is_swap_pmd(_pmd) || pmd_trans_huge(_pmd) || pmd_devmap(_pmd)) {
394 			if ((next - addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) ||
395 			    pgtable_split_needed(vma, cp_flags)) {
396 				__split_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, addr, false, NULL);
397 				/*
398 				 * For file-backed, the pmd could have been
399 				 * cleared; make sure pmd populated if
400 				 * necessary, then fall-through to pte level.
401 				 */
402 				ret = change_pmd_prepare(vma, pmd, cp_flags);
403 				if (ret) {
404 					pages = ret;
405 					break;
406 				}
407 			} else {
408 				ret = change_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd,
409 						addr, newprot, cp_flags);
410 				if (ret) {
411 					if (ret == HPAGE_PMD_NR) {
412 						pages += HPAGE_PMD_NR;
413 						nr_huge_updates++;
414 					}
415 
416 					/* huge pmd was handled */
417 					goto next;
418 				}
419 			}
420 			/* fall through, the trans huge pmd just split */
421 		}
422 
423 		ret = change_pte_range(tlb, vma, pmd, addr, next, newprot,
424 				       cp_flags);
425 		if (ret < 0)
426 			goto again;
427 		pages += ret;
428 next:
429 		cond_resched();
430 	} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
431 
432 	if (range.start)
433 		mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
434 
435 	if (nr_huge_updates)
436 		count_vm_numa_events(NUMA_HUGE_PTE_UPDATES, nr_huge_updates);
437 	return pages;
438 }
439 
440 static inline long change_pud_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
441 		struct vm_area_struct *vma, p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr,
442 		unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
443 {
444 	pud_t *pud;
445 	unsigned long next;
446 	long pages = 0, ret;
447 
448 	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
449 	do {
450 		next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
451 		ret = change_prepare(vma, pud, pmd, addr, cp_flags);
452 		if (ret)
453 			return ret;
454 		if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud))
455 			continue;
456 		pages += change_pmd_range(tlb, vma, pud, addr, next, newprot,
457 					  cp_flags);
458 	} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
459 
460 	return pages;
461 }
462 
463 static inline long change_p4d_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
464 		struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
465 		unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
466 {
467 	p4d_t *p4d;
468 	unsigned long next;
469 	long pages = 0, ret;
470 
471 	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
472 	do {
473 		next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
474 		ret = change_prepare(vma, p4d, pud, addr, cp_flags);
475 		if (ret)
476 			return ret;
477 		if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d))
478 			continue;
479 		pages += change_pud_range(tlb, vma, p4d, addr, next, newprot,
480 					  cp_flags);
481 	} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
482 
483 	return pages;
484 }
485 
486 static long change_protection_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
487 		struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
488 		unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
489 {
490 	struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
491 	pgd_t *pgd;
492 	unsigned long next;
493 	long pages = 0, ret;
494 
495 	BUG_ON(addr >= end);
496 	pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
497 	tlb_start_vma(tlb, vma);
498 	do {
499 		next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
500 		ret = change_prepare(vma, pgd, p4d, addr, cp_flags);
501 		if (ret) {
502 			pages = ret;
503 			break;
504 		}
505 		if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
506 			continue;
507 		pages += change_p4d_range(tlb, vma, pgd, addr, next, newprot,
508 					  cp_flags);
509 	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
510 
511 	tlb_end_vma(tlb, vma);
512 
513 	return pages;
514 }
515 
516 long change_protection(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
517 		       struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
518 		       unsigned long end, unsigned long cp_flags)
519 {
520 	pgprot_t newprot = vma->vm_page_prot;
521 	long pages;
522 
523 	BUG_ON((cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP_ALL) == MM_CP_UFFD_WP_ALL);
524 
525 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
526 	/*
527 	 * Ordinary protection updates (mprotect, uffd-wp, softdirty tracking)
528 	 * are expected to reflect their requirements via VMA flags such that
529 	 * vma_set_page_prot() will adjust vma->vm_page_prot accordingly.
530 	 */
531 	if (cp_flags & MM_CP_PROT_NUMA)
532 		newprot = PAGE_NONE;
533 #else
534 	WARN_ON_ONCE(cp_flags & MM_CP_PROT_NUMA);
535 #endif
536 
537 	if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
538 		pages = hugetlb_change_protection(vma, start, end, newprot,
539 						  cp_flags);
540 	else
541 		pages = change_protection_range(tlb, vma, start, end, newprot,
542 						cp_flags);
543 
544 	return pages;
545 }
546 
547 static int prot_none_pte_entry(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
548 			       unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk)
549 {
550 	return pfn_modify_allowed(pte_pfn(ptep_get(pte)),
551 				  *(pgprot_t *)(walk->private)) ?
552 		0 : -EACCES;
553 }
554 
555 static int prot_none_hugetlb_entry(pte_t *pte, unsigned long hmask,
556 				   unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
557 				   struct mm_walk *walk)
558 {
559 	return pfn_modify_allowed(pte_pfn(ptep_get(pte)),
560 				  *(pgprot_t *)(walk->private)) ?
561 		0 : -EACCES;
562 }
563 
564 static int prot_none_test(unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
565 			  struct mm_walk *walk)
566 {
567 	return 0;
568 }
569 
570 static const struct mm_walk_ops prot_none_walk_ops = {
571 	.pte_entry		= prot_none_pte_entry,
572 	.hugetlb_entry		= prot_none_hugetlb_entry,
573 	.test_walk		= prot_none_test,
574 	.walk_lock		= PGWALK_WRLOCK,
575 };
576 
577 int
578 mprotect_fixup(struct vma_iterator *vmi, struct mmu_gather *tlb,
579 	       struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_area_struct **pprev,
580 	       unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned long newflags)
581 {
582 	struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
583 	unsigned long oldflags = vma->vm_flags;
584 	long nrpages = (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
585 	unsigned int mm_cp_flags = 0;
586 	unsigned long charged = 0;
587 	int error;
588 
589 	if (newflags == oldflags) {
590 		*pprev = vma;
591 		return 0;
592 	}
593 
594 	/*
595 	 * Do PROT_NONE PFN permission checks here when we can still
596 	 * bail out without undoing a lot of state. This is a rather
597 	 * uncommon case, so doesn't need to be very optimized.
598 	 */
599 	if (arch_has_pfn_modify_check() &&
600 	    (vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) &&
601 	    (newflags & VM_ACCESS_FLAGS) == 0) {
602 		pgprot_t new_pgprot = vm_get_page_prot(newflags);
603 
604 		error = walk_page_range(current->mm, start, end,
605 				&prot_none_walk_ops, &new_pgprot);
606 		if (error)
607 			return error;
608 	}
609 
610 	/*
611 	 * If we make a private mapping writable we increase our commit;
612 	 * but (without finer accounting) cannot reduce our commit if we
613 	 * make it unwritable again except in the anonymous case where no
614 	 * anon_vma has yet to be assigned.
615 	 *
616 	 * hugetlb mapping were accounted for even if read-only so there is
617 	 * no need to account for them here.
618 	 */
619 	if (newflags & VM_WRITE) {
620 		/* Check space limits when area turns into data. */
621 		if (!may_expand_vm(mm, newflags, nrpages) &&
622 				may_expand_vm(mm, oldflags, nrpages))
623 			return -ENOMEM;
624 		if (!(oldflags & (VM_ACCOUNT|VM_WRITE|VM_HUGETLB|
625 						VM_SHARED|VM_NORESERVE))) {
626 			charged = nrpages;
627 			if (security_vm_enough_memory_mm(mm, charged))
628 				return -ENOMEM;
629 			newflags |= VM_ACCOUNT;
630 		}
631 	} else if ((oldflags & VM_ACCOUNT) && vma_is_anonymous(vma) &&
632 		   !vma->anon_vma) {
633 		newflags &= ~VM_ACCOUNT;
634 	}
635 
636 	vma = vma_modify_flags(vmi, *pprev, vma, start, end, newflags);
637 	if (IS_ERR(vma)) {
638 		error = PTR_ERR(vma);
639 		goto fail;
640 	}
641 
642 	*pprev = vma;
643 
644 	/*
645 	 * vm_flags and vm_page_prot are protected by the mmap_lock
646 	 * held in write mode.
647 	 */
648 	vma_start_write(vma);
649 	vm_flags_reset(vma, newflags);
650 	if (vma_wants_manual_pte_write_upgrade(vma))
651 		mm_cp_flags |= MM_CP_TRY_CHANGE_WRITABLE;
652 	vma_set_page_prot(vma);
653 
654 	change_protection(tlb, vma, start, end, mm_cp_flags);
655 
656 	if ((oldflags & VM_ACCOUNT) && !(newflags & VM_ACCOUNT))
657 		vm_unacct_memory(nrpages);
658 
659 	/*
660 	 * Private VM_LOCKED VMA becoming writable: trigger COW to avoid major
661 	 * fault on access.
662 	 */
663 	if ((oldflags & (VM_WRITE | VM_SHARED | VM_LOCKED)) == VM_LOCKED &&
664 			(newflags & VM_WRITE)) {
665 		populate_vma_page_range(vma, start, end, NULL);
666 	}
667 
668 	vm_stat_account(mm, oldflags, -nrpages);
669 	vm_stat_account(mm, newflags, nrpages);
670 	perf_event_mmap(vma);
671 	return 0;
672 
673 fail:
674 	vm_unacct_memory(charged);
675 	return error;
676 }
677 
678 /*
679  * pkey==-1 when doing a legacy mprotect()
680  */
681 static int do_mprotect_pkey(unsigned long start, size_t len,
682 		unsigned long prot, int pkey)
683 {
684 	unsigned long nstart, end, tmp, reqprot;
685 	struct vm_area_struct *vma, *prev;
686 	int error;
687 	const int grows = prot & (PROT_GROWSDOWN|PROT_GROWSUP);
688 	const bool rier = (current->personality & READ_IMPLIES_EXEC) &&
689 				(prot & PROT_READ);
690 	struct mmu_gather tlb;
691 	struct vma_iterator vmi;
692 
693 	start = untagged_addr(start);
694 
695 	prot &= ~(PROT_GROWSDOWN|PROT_GROWSUP);
696 	if (grows == (PROT_GROWSDOWN|PROT_GROWSUP)) /* can't be both */
697 		return -EINVAL;
698 
699 	if (start & ~PAGE_MASK)
700 		return -EINVAL;
701 	if (!len)
702 		return 0;
703 	len = PAGE_ALIGN(len);
704 	end = start + len;
705 	if (end <= start)
706 		return -ENOMEM;
707 	if (!arch_validate_prot(prot, start))
708 		return -EINVAL;
709 
710 	reqprot = prot;
711 
712 	if (mmap_write_lock_killable(current->mm))
713 		return -EINTR;
714 
715 	/*
716 	 * If userspace did not allocate the pkey, do not let
717 	 * them use it here.
718 	 */
719 	error = -EINVAL;
720 	if ((pkey != -1) && !mm_pkey_is_allocated(current->mm, pkey))
721 		goto out;
722 
723 	vma_iter_init(&vmi, current->mm, start);
724 	vma = vma_find(&vmi, end);
725 	error = -ENOMEM;
726 	if (!vma)
727 		goto out;
728 
729 	if (unlikely(grows & PROT_GROWSDOWN)) {
730 		if (vma->vm_start >= end)
731 			goto out;
732 		start = vma->vm_start;
733 		error = -EINVAL;
734 		if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN))
735 			goto out;
736 	} else {
737 		if (vma->vm_start > start)
738 			goto out;
739 		if (unlikely(grows & PROT_GROWSUP)) {
740 			end = vma->vm_end;
741 			error = -EINVAL;
742 			if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSUP))
743 				goto out;
744 		}
745 	}
746 
747 	prev = vma_prev(&vmi);
748 	if (start > vma->vm_start)
749 		prev = vma;
750 
751 	tlb_gather_mmu(&tlb, current->mm);
752 	nstart = start;
753 	tmp = vma->vm_start;
754 	for_each_vma_range(vmi, vma, end) {
755 		unsigned long mask_off_old_flags;
756 		unsigned long newflags;
757 		int new_vma_pkey;
758 
759 		if (vma->vm_start != tmp) {
760 			error = -ENOMEM;
761 			break;
762 		}
763 
764 		/* Does the application expect PROT_READ to imply PROT_EXEC */
765 		if (rier && (vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYEXEC))
766 			prot |= PROT_EXEC;
767 
768 		/*
769 		 * Each mprotect() call explicitly passes r/w/x permissions.
770 		 * If a permission is not passed to mprotect(), it must be
771 		 * cleared from the VMA.
772 		 */
773 		mask_off_old_flags = VM_ACCESS_FLAGS | VM_FLAGS_CLEAR;
774 
775 		new_vma_pkey = arch_override_mprotect_pkey(vma, prot, pkey);
776 		newflags = calc_vm_prot_bits(prot, new_vma_pkey);
777 		newflags |= (vma->vm_flags & ~mask_off_old_flags);
778 
779 		/* newflags >> 4 shift VM_MAY% in place of VM_% */
780 		if ((newflags & ~(newflags >> 4)) & VM_ACCESS_FLAGS) {
781 			error = -EACCES;
782 			break;
783 		}
784 
785 		if (map_deny_write_exec(vma, newflags)) {
786 			error = -EACCES;
787 			break;
788 		}
789 
790 		/* Allow architectures to sanity-check the new flags */
791 		if (!arch_validate_flags(newflags)) {
792 			error = -EINVAL;
793 			break;
794 		}
795 
796 		error = security_file_mprotect(vma, reqprot, prot);
797 		if (error)
798 			break;
799 
800 		tmp = vma->vm_end;
801 		if (tmp > end)
802 			tmp = end;
803 
804 		if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->mprotect) {
805 			error = vma->vm_ops->mprotect(vma, nstart, tmp, newflags);
806 			if (error)
807 				break;
808 		}
809 
810 		error = mprotect_fixup(&vmi, &tlb, vma, &prev, nstart, tmp, newflags);
811 		if (error)
812 			break;
813 
814 		tmp = vma_iter_end(&vmi);
815 		nstart = tmp;
816 		prot = reqprot;
817 	}
818 	tlb_finish_mmu(&tlb);
819 
820 	if (!error && tmp < end)
821 		error = -ENOMEM;
822 
823 out:
824 	mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
825 	return error;
826 }
827 
828 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(mprotect, unsigned long, start, size_t, len,
829 		unsigned long, prot)
830 {
831 	return do_mprotect_pkey(start, len, prot, -1);
832 }
833 
834 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PKEYS
835 
836 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(pkey_mprotect, unsigned long, start, size_t, len,
837 		unsigned long, prot, int, pkey)
838 {
839 	return do_mprotect_pkey(start, len, prot, pkey);
840 }
841 
842 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(pkey_alloc, unsigned long, flags, unsigned long, init_val)
843 {
844 	int pkey;
845 	int ret;
846 
847 	/* No flags supported yet. */
848 	if (flags)
849 		return -EINVAL;
850 	/* check for unsupported init values */
851 	if (init_val & ~PKEY_ACCESS_MASK)
852 		return -EINVAL;
853 
854 	mmap_write_lock(current->mm);
855 	pkey = mm_pkey_alloc(current->mm);
856 
857 	ret = -ENOSPC;
858 	if (pkey == -1)
859 		goto out;
860 
861 	ret = arch_set_user_pkey_access(current, pkey, init_val);
862 	if (ret) {
863 		mm_pkey_free(current->mm, pkey);
864 		goto out;
865 	}
866 	ret = pkey;
867 out:
868 	mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
869 	return ret;
870 }
871 
872 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(pkey_free, int, pkey)
873 {
874 	int ret;
875 
876 	mmap_write_lock(current->mm);
877 	ret = mm_pkey_free(current->mm, pkey);
878 	mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
879 
880 	/*
881 	 * We could provide warnings or errors if any VMA still
882 	 * has the pkey set here.
883 	 */
884 	return ret;
885 }
886 
887 #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PKEYS */
888