xref: /linux/mm/internal.h (revision d38c07afc356ddebaa3ed8ecb3f553340e05c969)
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
2 /* internal.h: mm/ internal definitions
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 2004 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
5  * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com)
6  */
7 #ifndef __MM_INTERNAL_H
8 #define __MM_INTERNAL_H
9 
10 #include <linux/fs.h>
11 #include <linux/mm.h>
12 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
13 #include <linux/tracepoint-defs.h>
14 
15 /*
16  * The set of flags that only affect watermark checking and reclaim
17  * behaviour. This is used by the MM to obey the caller constraints
18  * about IO, FS and watermark checking while ignoring placement
19  * hints such as HIGHMEM usage.
20  */
21 #define GFP_RECLAIM_MASK (__GFP_RECLAIM|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_IO|__GFP_FS|\
22 			__GFP_NOWARN|__GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL|__GFP_NOFAIL|\
23 			__GFP_NORETRY|__GFP_MEMALLOC|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|\
24 			__GFP_ATOMIC)
25 
26 /* The GFP flags allowed during early boot */
27 #define GFP_BOOT_MASK (__GFP_BITS_MASK & ~(__GFP_RECLAIM|__GFP_IO|__GFP_FS))
28 
29 /* Control allocation cpuset and node placement constraints */
30 #define GFP_CONSTRAINT_MASK (__GFP_HARDWALL|__GFP_THISNODE)
31 
32 /* Do not use these with a slab allocator */
33 #define GFP_SLAB_BUG_MASK (__GFP_DMA32|__GFP_HIGHMEM|~__GFP_BITS_MASK)
34 
35 void page_writeback_init(void);
36 
37 vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf);
38 
39 void free_pgtables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *start_vma,
40 		unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling);
41 
42 static inline bool can_madv_lru_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
43 {
44 	return !(vma->vm_flags & (VM_LOCKED|VM_HUGETLB|VM_PFNMAP));
45 }
46 
47 void unmap_page_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
48 			     struct vm_area_struct *vma,
49 			     unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
50 			     struct zap_details *details);
51 
52 extern unsigned int __do_page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
53 		struct file *filp, pgoff_t offset, unsigned long nr_to_read,
54 		unsigned long lookahead_size);
55 
56 /*
57  * Submit IO for the read-ahead request in file_ra_state.
58  */
59 static inline unsigned long ra_submit(struct file_ra_state *ra,
60 		struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp)
61 {
62 	return __do_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp,
63 					ra->start, ra->size, ra->async_size);
64 }
65 
66 /**
67  * page_evictable - test whether a page is evictable
68  * @page: the page to test
69  *
70  * Test whether page is evictable--i.e., should be placed on active/inactive
71  * lists vs unevictable list.
72  *
73  * Reasons page might not be evictable:
74  * (1) page's mapping marked unevictable
75  * (2) page is part of an mlocked VMA
76  *
77  */
78 static inline bool page_evictable(struct page *page)
79 {
80 	bool ret;
81 
82 	/* Prevent address_space of inode and swap cache from being freed */
83 	rcu_read_lock();
84 	ret = !mapping_unevictable(page_mapping(page)) && !PageMlocked(page);
85 	rcu_read_unlock();
86 	return ret;
87 }
88 
89 /*
90  * Turn a non-refcounted page (->_refcount == 0) into refcounted with
91  * a count of one.
92  */
93 static inline void set_page_refcounted(struct page *page)
94 {
95 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageTail(page), page);
96 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_ref_count(page), page);
97 	set_page_count(page, 1);
98 }
99 
100 extern unsigned long highest_memmap_pfn;
101 
102 /*
103  * Maximum number of reclaim retries without progress before the OOM
104  * killer is consider the only way forward.
105  */
106 #define MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES 16
107 
108 /*
109  * in mm/vmscan.c:
110  */
111 extern int isolate_lru_page(struct page *page);
112 extern void putback_lru_page(struct page *page);
113 
114 /*
115  * in mm/rmap.c:
116  */
117 extern pmd_t *mm_find_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address);
118 
119 /*
120  * in mm/page_alloc.c
121  */
122 
123 /*
124  * Structure for holding the mostly immutable allocation parameters passed
125  * between functions involved in allocations, including the alloc_pages*
126  * family of functions.
127  *
128  * nodemask, migratetype and high_zoneidx are initialized only once in
129  * __alloc_pages_nodemask() and then never change.
130  *
131  * zonelist, preferred_zone and classzone_idx are set first in
132  * __alloc_pages_nodemask() for the fast path, and might be later changed
133  * in __alloc_pages_slowpath(). All other functions pass the whole strucure
134  * by a const pointer.
135  */
136 struct alloc_context {
137 	struct zonelist *zonelist;
138 	nodemask_t *nodemask;
139 	struct zoneref *preferred_zoneref;
140 	int migratetype;
141 	enum zone_type high_zoneidx;
142 	bool spread_dirty_pages;
143 };
144 
145 #define ac_classzone_idx(ac) zonelist_zone_idx(ac->preferred_zoneref)
146 
147 /*
148  * Locate the struct page for both the matching buddy in our
149  * pair (buddy1) and the combined O(n+1) page they form (page).
150  *
151  * 1) Any buddy B1 will have an order O twin B2 which satisfies
152  * the following equation:
153  *     B2 = B1 ^ (1 << O)
154  * For example, if the starting buddy (buddy2) is #8 its order
155  * 1 buddy is #10:
156  *     B2 = 8 ^ (1 << 1) = 8 ^ 2 = 10
157  *
158  * 2) Any buddy B will have an order O+1 parent P which
159  * satisfies the following equation:
160  *     P = B & ~(1 << O)
161  *
162  * Assumption: *_mem_map is contiguous at least up to MAX_ORDER
163  */
164 static inline unsigned long
165 __find_buddy_pfn(unsigned long page_pfn, unsigned int order)
166 {
167 	return page_pfn ^ (1 << order);
168 }
169 
170 extern struct page *__pageblock_pfn_to_page(unsigned long start_pfn,
171 				unsigned long end_pfn, struct zone *zone);
172 
173 static inline struct page *pageblock_pfn_to_page(unsigned long start_pfn,
174 				unsigned long end_pfn, struct zone *zone)
175 {
176 	if (zone->contiguous)
177 		return pfn_to_page(start_pfn);
178 
179 	return __pageblock_pfn_to_page(start_pfn, end_pfn, zone);
180 }
181 
182 extern int __isolate_free_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order);
183 extern void memblock_free_pages(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn,
184 					unsigned int order);
185 extern void __free_pages_core(struct page *page, unsigned int order);
186 extern void prep_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order);
187 extern void post_alloc_hook(struct page *page, unsigned int order,
188 					gfp_t gfp_flags);
189 extern int user_min_free_kbytes;
190 
191 extern void zone_pcp_update(struct zone *zone);
192 extern void zone_pcp_reset(struct zone *zone);
193 
194 #if defined CONFIG_COMPACTION || defined CONFIG_CMA
195 
196 /*
197  * in mm/compaction.c
198  */
199 /*
200  * compact_control is used to track pages being migrated and the free pages
201  * they are being migrated to during memory compaction. The free_pfn starts
202  * at the end of a zone and migrate_pfn begins at the start. Movable pages
203  * are moved to the end of a zone during a compaction run and the run
204  * completes when free_pfn <= migrate_pfn
205  */
206 struct compact_control {
207 	struct list_head freepages;	/* List of free pages to migrate to */
208 	struct list_head migratepages;	/* List of pages being migrated */
209 	unsigned int nr_freepages;	/* Number of isolated free pages */
210 	unsigned int nr_migratepages;	/* Number of pages to migrate */
211 	unsigned long free_pfn;		/* isolate_freepages search base */
212 	unsigned long migrate_pfn;	/* isolate_migratepages search base */
213 	unsigned long fast_start_pfn;	/* a pfn to start linear scan from */
214 	struct zone *zone;
215 	unsigned long total_migrate_scanned;
216 	unsigned long total_free_scanned;
217 	unsigned short fast_search_fail;/* failures to use free list searches */
218 	short search_order;		/* order to start a fast search at */
219 	const gfp_t gfp_mask;		/* gfp mask of a direct compactor */
220 	int order;			/* order a direct compactor needs */
221 	int migratetype;		/* migratetype of direct compactor */
222 	const unsigned int alloc_flags;	/* alloc flags of a direct compactor */
223 	const int classzone_idx;	/* zone index of a direct compactor */
224 	enum migrate_mode mode;		/* Async or sync migration mode */
225 	bool ignore_skip_hint;		/* Scan blocks even if marked skip */
226 	bool no_set_skip_hint;		/* Don't mark blocks for skipping */
227 	bool ignore_block_suitable;	/* Scan blocks considered unsuitable */
228 	bool direct_compaction;		/* False from kcompactd or /proc/... */
229 	bool whole_zone;		/* Whole zone should/has been scanned */
230 	bool contended;			/* Signal lock or sched contention */
231 	bool rescan;			/* Rescanning the same pageblock */
232 	bool alloc_contig;		/* alloc_contig_range allocation */
233 };
234 
235 /*
236  * Used in direct compaction when a page should be taken from the freelists
237  * immediately when one is created during the free path.
238  */
239 struct capture_control {
240 	struct compact_control *cc;
241 	struct page *page;
242 };
243 
244 unsigned long
245 isolate_freepages_range(struct compact_control *cc,
246 			unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn);
247 unsigned long
248 isolate_migratepages_range(struct compact_control *cc,
249 			   unsigned long low_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn);
250 int find_suitable_fallback(struct free_area *area, unsigned int order,
251 			int migratetype, bool only_stealable, bool *can_steal);
252 
253 #endif
254 
255 /*
256  * This function returns the order of a free page in the buddy system. In
257  * general, page_zone(page)->lock must be held by the caller to prevent the
258  * page from being allocated in parallel and returning garbage as the order.
259  * If a caller does not hold page_zone(page)->lock, it must guarantee that the
260  * page cannot be allocated or merged in parallel. Alternatively, it must
261  * handle invalid values gracefully, and use page_order_unsafe() below.
262  */
263 static inline unsigned int page_order(struct page *page)
264 {
265 	/* PageBuddy() must be checked by the caller */
266 	return page_private(page);
267 }
268 
269 /*
270  * Like page_order(), but for callers who cannot afford to hold the zone lock.
271  * PageBuddy() should be checked first by the caller to minimize race window,
272  * and invalid values must be handled gracefully.
273  *
274  * READ_ONCE is used so that if the caller assigns the result into a local
275  * variable and e.g. tests it for valid range before using, the compiler cannot
276  * decide to remove the variable and inline the page_private(page) multiple
277  * times, potentially observing different values in the tests and the actual
278  * use of the result.
279  */
280 #define page_order_unsafe(page)		READ_ONCE(page_private(page))
281 
282 static inline bool is_cow_mapping(vm_flags_t flags)
283 {
284 	return (flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_MAYWRITE)) == VM_MAYWRITE;
285 }
286 
287 /*
288  * These three helpers classifies VMAs for virtual memory accounting.
289  */
290 
291 /*
292  * Executable code area - executable, not writable, not stack
293  */
294 static inline bool is_exec_mapping(vm_flags_t flags)
295 {
296 	return (flags & (VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE | VM_STACK)) == VM_EXEC;
297 }
298 
299 /*
300  * Stack area - atomatically grows in one direction
301  *
302  * VM_GROWSUP / VM_GROWSDOWN VMAs are always private anonymous:
303  * do_mmap() forbids all other combinations.
304  */
305 static inline bool is_stack_mapping(vm_flags_t flags)
306 {
307 	return (flags & VM_STACK) == VM_STACK;
308 }
309 
310 /*
311  * Data area - private, writable, not stack
312  */
313 static inline bool is_data_mapping(vm_flags_t flags)
314 {
315 	return (flags & (VM_WRITE | VM_SHARED | VM_STACK)) == VM_WRITE;
316 }
317 
318 /* mm/util.c */
319 void __vma_link_list(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
320 		struct vm_area_struct *prev);
321 void __vma_unlink_list(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma);
322 
323 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
324 extern long populate_vma_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
325 		unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int *nonblocking);
326 extern void munlock_vma_pages_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
327 			unsigned long start, unsigned long end);
328 static inline void munlock_vma_pages_all(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
329 {
330 	munlock_vma_pages_range(vma, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end);
331 }
332 
333 /*
334  * must be called with vma's mmap_sem held for read or write, and page locked.
335  */
336 extern void mlock_vma_page(struct page *page);
337 extern unsigned int munlock_vma_page(struct page *page);
338 
339 /*
340  * Clear the page's PageMlocked().  This can be useful in a situation where
341  * we want to unconditionally remove a page from the pagecache -- e.g.,
342  * on truncation or freeing.
343  *
344  * It is legal to call this function for any page, mlocked or not.
345  * If called for a page that is still mapped by mlocked vmas, all we do
346  * is revert to lazy LRU behaviour -- semantics are not broken.
347  */
348 extern void clear_page_mlock(struct page *page);
349 
350 /*
351  * mlock_migrate_page - called only from migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page()
352  * (because that does not go through the full procedure of migration ptes):
353  * to migrate the Mlocked page flag; update statistics.
354  */
355 static inline void mlock_migrate_page(struct page *newpage, struct page *page)
356 {
357 	if (TestClearPageMlocked(page)) {
358 		int nr_pages = hpage_nr_pages(page);
359 
360 		/* Holding pmd lock, no change in irq context: __mod is safe */
361 		__mod_zone_page_state(page_zone(page), NR_MLOCK, -nr_pages);
362 		SetPageMlocked(newpage);
363 		__mod_zone_page_state(page_zone(newpage), NR_MLOCK, nr_pages);
364 	}
365 }
366 
367 extern pmd_t maybe_pmd_mkwrite(pmd_t pmd, struct vm_area_struct *vma);
368 
369 /*
370  * At what user virtual address is page expected in @vma?
371  */
372 static inline unsigned long
373 __vma_address(struct page *page, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
374 {
375 	pgoff_t pgoff = page_to_pgoff(page);
376 	return vma->vm_start + ((pgoff - vma->vm_pgoff) << PAGE_SHIFT);
377 }
378 
379 static inline unsigned long
380 vma_address(struct page *page, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
381 {
382 	unsigned long start, end;
383 
384 	start = __vma_address(page, vma);
385 	end = start + PAGE_SIZE * (hpage_nr_pages(page) - 1);
386 
387 	/* page should be within @vma mapping range */
388 	VM_BUG_ON_VMA(end < vma->vm_start || start >= vma->vm_end, vma);
389 
390 	return max(start, vma->vm_start);
391 }
392 
393 static inline struct file *maybe_unlock_mmap_for_io(struct vm_fault *vmf,
394 						    struct file *fpin)
395 {
396 	int flags = vmf->flags;
397 
398 	if (fpin)
399 		return fpin;
400 
401 	/*
402 	 * FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT means we don't want to wait on page locks or
403 	 * anything, so we only pin the file and drop the mmap_sem if only
404 	 * FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY is set, while this is the first attempt.
405 	 */
406 	if (fault_flag_allow_retry_first(flags) &&
407 	    !(flags & FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT)) {
408 		fpin = get_file(vmf->vma->vm_file);
409 		up_read(&vmf->vma->vm_mm->mmap_sem);
410 	}
411 	return fpin;
412 }
413 
414 #else /* !CONFIG_MMU */
415 static inline void clear_page_mlock(struct page *page) { }
416 static inline void mlock_vma_page(struct page *page) { }
417 static inline void mlock_migrate_page(struct page *new, struct page *old) { }
418 
419 #endif /* !CONFIG_MMU */
420 
421 /*
422  * Return the mem_map entry representing the 'offset' subpage within
423  * the maximally aligned gigantic page 'base'.  Handle any discontiguity
424  * in the mem_map at MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES boundaries.
425  */
426 static inline struct page *mem_map_offset(struct page *base, int offset)
427 {
428 	if (unlikely(offset >= MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES))
429 		return nth_page(base, offset);
430 	return base + offset;
431 }
432 
433 /*
434  * Iterator over all subpages within the maximally aligned gigantic
435  * page 'base'.  Handle any discontiguity in the mem_map.
436  */
437 static inline struct page *mem_map_next(struct page *iter,
438 						struct page *base, int offset)
439 {
440 	if (unlikely((offset & (MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1)) == 0)) {
441 		unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(base) + offset;
442 		if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
443 			return NULL;
444 		return pfn_to_page(pfn);
445 	}
446 	return iter + 1;
447 }
448 
449 /* Memory initialisation debug and verification */
450 enum mminit_level {
451 	MMINIT_WARNING,
452 	MMINIT_VERIFY,
453 	MMINIT_TRACE
454 };
455 
456 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT
457 
458 extern int mminit_loglevel;
459 
460 #define mminit_dprintk(level, prefix, fmt, arg...) \
461 do { \
462 	if (level < mminit_loglevel) { \
463 		if (level <= MMINIT_WARNING) \
464 			pr_warn("mminit::" prefix " " fmt, ##arg);	\
465 		else \
466 			printk(KERN_DEBUG "mminit::" prefix " " fmt, ##arg); \
467 	} \
468 } while (0)
469 
470 extern void mminit_verify_pageflags_layout(void);
471 extern void mminit_verify_zonelist(void);
472 #else
473 
474 static inline void mminit_dprintk(enum mminit_level level,
475 				const char *prefix, const char *fmt, ...)
476 {
477 }
478 
479 static inline void mminit_verify_pageflags_layout(void)
480 {
481 }
482 
483 static inline void mminit_verify_zonelist(void)
484 {
485 }
486 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT */
487 
488 /* mminit_validate_memmodel_limits is independent of CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT */
489 #if defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM)
490 extern void mminit_validate_memmodel_limits(unsigned long *start_pfn,
491 				unsigned long *end_pfn);
492 #else
493 static inline void mminit_validate_memmodel_limits(unsigned long *start_pfn,
494 				unsigned long *end_pfn)
495 {
496 }
497 #endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */
498 
499 #define NODE_RECLAIM_NOSCAN	-2
500 #define NODE_RECLAIM_FULL	-1
501 #define NODE_RECLAIM_SOME	0
502 #define NODE_RECLAIM_SUCCESS	1
503 
504 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
505 extern int node_reclaim(struct pglist_data *, gfp_t, unsigned int);
506 #else
507 static inline int node_reclaim(struct pglist_data *pgdat, gfp_t mask,
508 				unsigned int order)
509 {
510 	return NODE_RECLAIM_NOSCAN;
511 }
512 #endif
513 
514 extern int hwpoison_filter(struct page *p);
515 
516 extern u32 hwpoison_filter_dev_major;
517 extern u32 hwpoison_filter_dev_minor;
518 extern u64 hwpoison_filter_flags_mask;
519 extern u64 hwpoison_filter_flags_value;
520 extern u64 hwpoison_filter_memcg;
521 extern u32 hwpoison_filter_enable;
522 
523 extern unsigned long  __must_check vm_mmap_pgoff(struct file *, unsigned long,
524         unsigned long, unsigned long,
525         unsigned long, unsigned long);
526 
527 extern void set_pageblock_order(void);
528 unsigned long reclaim_clean_pages_from_list(struct zone *zone,
529 					    struct list_head *page_list);
530 /* The ALLOC_WMARK bits are used as an index to zone->watermark */
531 #define ALLOC_WMARK_MIN		WMARK_MIN
532 #define ALLOC_WMARK_LOW		WMARK_LOW
533 #define ALLOC_WMARK_HIGH	WMARK_HIGH
534 #define ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS	0x04 /* don't check watermarks at all */
535 
536 /* Mask to get the watermark bits */
537 #define ALLOC_WMARK_MASK	(ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS-1)
538 
539 /*
540  * Only MMU archs have async oom victim reclaim - aka oom_reaper so we
541  * cannot assume a reduced access to memory reserves is sufficient for
542  * !MMU
543  */
544 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
545 #define ALLOC_OOM		0x08
546 #else
547 #define ALLOC_OOM		ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS
548 #endif
549 
550 #define ALLOC_HARDER		 0x10 /* try to alloc harder */
551 #define ALLOC_HIGH		 0x20 /* __GFP_HIGH set */
552 #define ALLOC_CPUSET		 0x40 /* check for correct cpuset */
553 #define ALLOC_CMA		 0x80 /* allow allocations from CMA areas */
554 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
555 #define ALLOC_NOFRAGMENT	0x100 /* avoid mixing pageblock types */
556 #else
557 #define ALLOC_NOFRAGMENT	  0x0
558 #endif
559 #define ALLOC_KSWAPD		0x800 /* allow waking of kswapd, __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM set */
560 
561 enum ttu_flags;
562 struct tlbflush_unmap_batch;
563 
564 
565 /*
566  * only for MM internal work items which do not depend on
567  * any allocations or locks which might depend on allocations
568  */
569 extern struct workqueue_struct *mm_percpu_wq;
570 
571 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH
572 void try_to_unmap_flush(void);
573 void try_to_unmap_flush_dirty(void);
574 void flush_tlb_batched_pending(struct mm_struct *mm);
575 #else
576 static inline void try_to_unmap_flush(void)
577 {
578 }
579 static inline void try_to_unmap_flush_dirty(void)
580 {
581 }
582 static inline void flush_tlb_batched_pending(struct mm_struct *mm)
583 {
584 }
585 #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH */
586 
587 extern const struct trace_print_flags pageflag_names[];
588 extern const struct trace_print_flags vmaflag_names[];
589 extern const struct trace_print_flags gfpflag_names[];
590 
591 static inline bool is_migrate_highatomic(enum migratetype migratetype)
592 {
593 	return migratetype == MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC;
594 }
595 
596 static inline bool is_migrate_highatomic_page(struct page *page)
597 {
598 	return get_pageblock_migratetype(page) == MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC;
599 }
600 
601 void setup_zone_pageset(struct zone *zone);
602 extern struct page *alloc_new_node_page(struct page *page, unsigned long node);
603 #endif	/* __MM_INTERNAL_H */
604