xref: /linux/mm/damon/sysfs.c (revision d794cd23dc81f4e61eb166a214ea22a5b6a09d02)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 /*
3  * DAMON sysfs Interface
4  *
5  * Copyright (c) 2022 SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
6  */
7 
8 #include <linux/pid.h>
9 #include <linux/sched.h>
10 #include <linux/slab.h>
11 
12 #include "sysfs-common.h"
13 
14 /*
15  * init region directory
16  */
17 
18 struct damon_sysfs_region {
19 	struct kobject kobj;
20 	struct damon_addr_range ar;
21 };
22 
23 static struct damon_sysfs_region *damon_sysfs_region_alloc(void)
24 {
25 	return kzalloc(sizeof(struct damon_sysfs_region), GFP_KERNEL);
26 }
27 
28 static ssize_t start_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
29 		char *buf)
30 {
31 	struct damon_sysfs_region *region = container_of(kobj,
32 			struct damon_sysfs_region, kobj);
33 
34 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%lu\n", region->ar.start);
35 }
36 
37 static ssize_t start_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
38 		const char *buf, size_t count)
39 {
40 	struct damon_sysfs_region *region = container_of(kobj,
41 			struct damon_sysfs_region, kobj);
42 	int err = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &region->ar.start);
43 
44 	return err ? err : count;
45 }
46 
47 static ssize_t end_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
48 		char *buf)
49 {
50 	struct damon_sysfs_region *region = container_of(kobj,
51 			struct damon_sysfs_region, kobj);
52 
53 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%lu\n", region->ar.end);
54 }
55 
56 static ssize_t end_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
57 		const char *buf, size_t count)
58 {
59 	struct damon_sysfs_region *region = container_of(kobj,
60 			struct damon_sysfs_region, kobj);
61 	int err = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &region->ar.end);
62 
63 	return err ? err : count;
64 }
65 
66 static void damon_sysfs_region_release(struct kobject *kobj)
67 {
68 	kfree(container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_region, kobj));
69 }
70 
71 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_region_start_attr =
72 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(start, 0600);
73 
74 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_region_end_attr =
75 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(end, 0600);
76 
77 static struct attribute *damon_sysfs_region_attrs[] = {
78 	&damon_sysfs_region_start_attr.attr,
79 	&damon_sysfs_region_end_attr.attr,
80 	NULL,
81 };
82 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(damon_sysfs_region);
83 
84 static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_region_ktype = {
85 	.release = damon_sysfs_region_release,
86 	.sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
87 	.default_groups = damon_sysfs_region_groups,
88 };
89 
90 /*
91  * init_regions directory
92  */
93 
94 struct damon_sysfs_regions {
95 	struct kobject kobj;
96 	struct damon_sysfs_region **regions_arr;
97 	int nr;
98 };
99 
100 static struct damon_sysfs_regions *damon_sysfs_regions_alloc(void)
101 {
102 	return kzalloc(sizeof(struct damon_sysfs_regions), GFP_KERNEL);
103 }
104 
105 static void damon_sysfs_regions_rm_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_regions *regions)
106 {
107 	struct damon_sysfs_region **regions_arr = regions->regions_arr;
108 	int i;
109 
110 	for (i = 0; i < regions->nr; i++)
111 		kobject_put(&regions_arr[i]->kobj);
112 	regions->nr = 0;
113 	kfree(regions_arr);
114 	regions->regions_arr = NULL;
115 }
116 
117 static int damon_sysfs_regions_add_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_regions *regions,
118 		int nr_regions)
119 {
120 	struct damon_sysfs_region **regions_arr, *region;
121 	int err, i;
122 
123 	damon_sysfs_regions_rm_dirs(regions);
124 	if (!nr_regions)
125 		return 0;
126 
127 	regions_arr = kmalloc_array(nr_regions, sizeof(*regions_arr),
128 			GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
129 	if (!regions_arr)
130 		return -ENOMEM;
131 	regions->regions_arr = regions_arr;
132 
133 	for (i = 0; i < nr_regions; i++) {
134 		region = damon_sysfs_region_alloc();
135 		if (!region) {
136 			damon_sysfs_regions_rm_dirs(regions);
137 			return -ENOMEM;
138 		}
139 
140 		err = kobject_init_and_add(&region->kobj,
141 				&damon_sysfs_region_ktype, &regions->kobj,
142 				"%d", i);
143 		if (err) {
144 			kobject_put(&region->kobj);
145 			damon_sysfs_regions_rm_dirs(regions);
146 			return err;
147 		}
148 
149 		regions_arr[i] = region;
150 		regions->nr++;
151 	}
152 	return 0;
153 }
154 
155 static ssize_t nr_regions_show(struct kobject *kobj,
156 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
157 {
158 	struct damon_sysfs_regions *regions = container_of(kobj,
159 			struct damon_sysfs_regions, kobj);
160 
161 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n", regions->nr);
162 }
163 
164 static ssize_t nr_regions_store(struct kobject *kobj,
165 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
166 {
167 	struct damon_sysfs_regions *regions;
168 	int nr, err = kstrtoint(buf, 0, &nr);
169 
170 	if (err)
171 		return err;
172 	if (nr < 0)
173 		return -EINVAL;
174 
175 	regions = container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_regions, kobj);
176 
177 	if (!mutex_trylock(&damon_sysfs_lock))
178 		return -EBUSY;
179 	err = damon_sysfs_regions_add_dirs(regions, nr);
180 	mutex_unlock(&damon_sysfs_lock);
181 	if (err)
182 		return err;
183 
184 	return count;
185 }
186 
187 static void damon_sysfs_regions_release(struct kobject *kobj)
188 {
189 	kfree(container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_regions, kobj));
190 }
191 
192 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_regions_nr_attr =
193 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(nr_regions, 0600);
194 
195 static struct attribute *damon_sysfs_regions_attrs[] = {
196 	&damon_sysfs_regions_nr_attr.attr,
197 	NULL,
198 };
199 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(damon_sysfs_regions);
200 
201 static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_regions_ktype = {
202 	.release = damon_sysfs_regions_release,
203 	.sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
204 	.default_groups = damon_sysfs_regions_groups,
205 };
206 
207 /*
208  * target directory
209  */
210 
211 struct damon_sysfs_target {
212 	struct kobject kobj;
213 	struct damon_sysfs_regions *regions;
214 	int pid;
215 };
216 
217 static struct damon_sysfs_target *damon_sysfs_target_alloc(void)
218 {
219 	return kzalloc(sizeof(struct damon_sysfs_target), GFP_KERNEL);
220 }
221 
222 static int damon_sysfs_target_add_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_target *target)
223 {
224 	struct damon_sysfs_regions *regions = damon_sysfs_regions_alloc();
225 	int err;
226 
227 	if (!regions)
228 		return -ENOMEM;
229 
230 	err = kobject_init_and_add(&regions->kobj, &damon_sysfs_regions_ktype,
231 			&target->kobj, "regions");
232 	if (err)
233 		kobject_put(&regions->kobj);
234 	else
235 		target->regions = regions;
236 	return err;
237 }
238 
239 static void damon_sysfs_target_rm_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_target *target)
240 {
241 	damon_sysfs_regions_rm_dirs(target->regions);
242 	kobject_put(&target->regions->kobj);
243 }
244 
245 static ssize_t pid_target_show(struct kobject *kobj,
246 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
247 {
248 	struct damon_sysfs_target *target = container_of(kobj,
249 			struct damon_sysfs_target, kobj);
250 
251 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n", target->pid);
252 }
253 
254 static ssize_t pid_target_store(struct kobject *kobj,
255 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
256 {
257 	struct damon_sysfs_target *target = container_of(kobj,
258 			struct damon_sysfs_target, kobj);
259 	int err = kstrtoint(buf, 0, &target->pid);
260 
261 	if (err)
262 		return -EINVAL;
263 	return count;
264 }
265 
266 static void damon_sysfs_target_release(struct kobject *kobj)
267 {
268 	kfree(container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_target, kobj));
269 }
270 
271 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_target_pid_attr =
272 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(pid_target, 0600);
273 
274 static struct attribute *damon_sysfs_target_attrs[] = {
275 	&damon_sysfs_target_pid_attr.attr,
276 	NULL,
277 };
278 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(damon_sysfs_target);
279 
280 static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_target_ktype = {
281 	.release = damon_sysfs_target_release,
282 	.sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
283 	.default_groups = damon_sysfs_target_groups,
284 };
285 
286 /*
287  * targets directory
288  */
289 
290 struct damon_sysfs_targets {
291 	struct kobject kobj;
292 	struct damon_sysfs_target **targets_arr;
293 	int nr;
294 };
295 
296 static struct damon_sysfs_targets *damon_sysfs_targets_alloc(void)
297 {
298 	return kzalloc(sizeof(struct damon_sysfs_targets), GFP_KERNEL);
299 }
300 
301 static void damon_sysfs_targets_rm_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_targets *targets)
302 {
303 	struct damon_sysfs_target **targets_arr = targets->targets_arr;
304 	int i;
305 
306 	for (i = 0; i < targets->nr; i++) {
307 		damon_sysfs_target_rm_dirs(targets_arr[i]);
308 		kobject_put(&targets_arr[i]->kobj);
309 	}
310 	targets->nr = 0;
311 	kfree(targets_arr);
312 	targets->targets_arr = NULL;
313 }
314 
315 static int damon_sysfs_targets_add_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_targets *targets,
316 		int nr_targets)
317 {
318 	struct damon_sysfs_target **targets_arr, *target;
319 	int err, i;
320 
321 	damon_sysfs_targets_rm_dirs(targets);
322 	if (!nr_targets)
323 		return 0;
324 
325 	targets_arr = kmalloc_array(nr_targets, sizeof(*targets_arr),
326 			GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
327 	if (!targets_arr)
328 		return -ENOMEM;
329 	targets->targets_arr = targets_arr;
330 
331 	for (i = 0; i < nr_targets; i++) {
332 		target = damon_sysfs_target_alloc();
333 		if (!target) {
334 			damon_sysfs_targets_rm_dirs(targets);
335 			return -ENOMEM;
336 		}
337 
338 		err = kobject_init_and_add(&target->kobj,
339 				&damon_sysfs_target_ktype, &targets->kobj,
340 				"%d", i);
341 		if (err)
342 			goto out;
343 
344 		err = damon_sysfs_target_add_dirs(target);
345 		if (err)
346 			goto out;
347 
348 		targets_arr[i] = target;
349 		targets->nr++;
350 	}
351 	return 0;
352 
353 out:
354 	damon_sysfs_targets_rm_dirs(targets);
355 	kobject_put(&target->kobj);
356 	return err;
357 }
358 
359 static ssize_t nr_targets_show(struct kobject *kobj,
360 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
361 {
362 	struct damon_sysfs_targets *targets = container_of(kobj,
363 			struct damon_sysfs_targets, kobj);
364 
365 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n", targets->nr);
366 }
367 
368 static ssize_t nr_targets_store(struct kobject *kobj,
369 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
370 {
371 	struct damon_sysfs_targets *targets;
372 	int nr, err = kstrtoint(buf, 0, &nr);
373 
374 	if (err)
375 		return err;
376 	if (nr < 0)
377 		return -EINVAL;
378 
379 	targets = container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_targets, kobj);
380 
381 	if (!mutex_trylock(&damon_sysfs_lock))
382 		return -EBUSY;
383 	err = damon_sysfs_targets_add_dirs(targets, nr);
384 	mutex_unlock(&damon_sysfs_lock);
385 	if (err)
386 		return err;
387 
388 	return count;
389 }
390 
391 static void damon_sysfs_targets_release(struct kobject *kobj)
392 {
393 	kfree(container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_targets, kobj));
394 }
395 
396 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_targets_nr_attr =
397 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(nr_targets, 0600);
398 
399 static struct attribute *damon_sysfs_targets_attrs[] = {
400 	&damon_sysfs_targets_nr_attr.attr,
401 	NULL,
402 };
403 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(damon_sysfs_targets);
404 
405 static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_targets_ktype = {
406 	.release = damon_sysfs_targets_release,
407 	.sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
408 	.default_groups = damon_sysfs_targets_groups,
409 };
410 
411 /*
412  * intervals goal directory
413  */
414 
415 struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal {
416 	struct kobject kobj;
417 	unsigned long access_bp;
418 	unsigned long aggrs;
419 	unsigned long min_sample_us;
420 	unsigned long max_sample_us;
421 };
422 
423 static struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_alloc(
424 		unsigned long access_bp, unsigned long aggrs,
425 		unsigned long min_sample_us, unsigned long max_sample_us)
426 {
427 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *goal = kmalloc(sizeof(*goal),
428 			GFP_KERNEL);
429 
430 	if (!goal)
431 		return NULL;
432 
433 	goal->kobj = (struct kobject){};
434 	goal->access_bp = access_bp;
435 	goal->aggrs = aggrs;
436 	goal->min_sample_us = min_sample_us;
437 	goal->max_sample_us = max_sample_us;
438 	return goal;
439 }
440 
441 static ssize_t access_bp_show(struct kobject *kobj,
442 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
443 {
444 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *goal = container_of(kobj,
445 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal, kobj);
446 
447 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%lu\n", goal->access_bp);
448 }
449 
450 static ssize_t access_bp_store(struct kobject *kobj,
451 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
452 {
453 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *goal = container_of(kobj,
454 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal, kobj);
455 	unsigned long nr;
456 	int err = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &nr);
457 
458 	if (err)
459 		return err;
460 
461 	goal->access_bp = nr;
462 	return count;
463 }
464 
465 static ssize_t aggrs_show(struct kobject *kobj,
466 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
467 {
468 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *goal = container_of(kobj,
469 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal, kobj);
470 
471 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%lu\n", goal->aggrs);
472 }
473 
474 static ssize_t aggrs_store(struct kobject *kobj,
475 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
476 {
477 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *goal = container_of(kobj,
478 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal, kobj);
479 	unsigned long nr;
480 	int err = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &nr);
481 
482 	if (err)
483 		return err;
484 
485 	goal->aggrs = nr;
486 	return count;
487 }
488 
489 static ssize_t min_sample_us_show(struct kobject *kobj,
490 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
491 {
492 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *goal = container_of(kobj,
493 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal, kobj);
494 
495 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%lu\n", goal->min_sample_us);
496 }
497 
498 static ssize_t min_sample_us_store(struct kobject *kobj,
499 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
500 {
501 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *goal = container_of(kobj,
502 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal, kobj);
503 	unsigned long nr;
504 	int err = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &nr);
505 
506 	if (err)
507 		return err;
508 
509 	goal->min_sample_us = nr;
510 	return count;
511 }
512 
513 static ssize_t max_sample_us_show(struct kobject *kobj,
514 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
515 {
516 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *goal = container_of(kobj,
517 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal, kobj);
518 
519 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%lu\n", goal->max_sample_us);
520 }
521 
522 static ssize_t max_sample_us_store(struct kobject *kobj,
523 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
524 {
525 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *goal = container_of(kobj,
526 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal, kobj);
527 	unsigned long nr;
528 	int err = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &nr);
529 
530 	if (err)
531 		return err;
532 
533 	goal->max_sample_us = nr;
534 	return count;
535 }
536 
537 static void damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_release(struct kobject *kobj)
538 {
539 	kfree(container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal, kobj));
540 }
541 
542 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_access_bp_attr =
543 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(access_bp, 0600);
544 
545 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_aggrs_attr =
546 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(aggrs, 0600);
547 
548 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_min_sample_us_attr =
549 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(min_sample_us, 0600);
550 
551 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_max_sample_us_attr =
552 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(max_sample_us, 0600);
553 
554 static struct attribute *damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_attrs[] = {
555 	&damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_access_bp_attr.attr,
556 	&damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_aggrs_attr.attr,
557 	&damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_min_sample_us_attr.attr,
558 	&damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_max_sample_us_attr.attr,
559 	NULL,
560 };
561 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(damon_sysfs_intervals_goal);
562 
563 static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_ktype = {
564 	.release = damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_release,
565 	.sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
566 	.default_groups = damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_groups,
567 };
568 
569 /*
570  * intervals directory
571  */
572 
573 struct damon_sysfs_intervals {
574 	struct kobject kobj;
575 	unsigned long sample_us;
576 	unsigned long aggr_us;
577 	unsigned long update_us;
578 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *intervals_goal;
579 };
580 
581 static struct damon_sysfs_intervals *damon_sysfs_intervals_alloc(
582 		unsigned long sample_us, unsigned long aggr_us,
583 		unsigned long update_us)
584 {
585 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals *intervals = kmalloc(sizeof(*intervals),
586 			GFP_KERNEL);
587 
588 	if (!intervals)
589 		return NULL;
590 
591 	intervals->kobj = (struct kobject){};
592 	intervals->sample_us = sample_us;
593 	intervals->aggr_us = aggr_us;
594 	intervals->update_us = update_us;
595 	return intervals;
596 }
597 
598 static int damon_sysfs_intervals_add_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_intervals *intervals)
599 {
600 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *goal;
601 	int err;
602 
603 	goal = damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_alloc(0, 0, 0, 0);
604 	if (!goal)
605 		return -ENOMEM;
606 
607 	err = kobject_init_and_add(&goal->kobj,
608 			&damon_sysfs_intervals_goal_ktype, &intervals->kobj,
609 			"intervals_goal");
610 	if (err) {
611 		kobject_put(&goal->kobj);
612 		intervals->intervals_goal = NULL;
613 		return err;
614 	}
615 	intervals->intervals_goal = goal;
616 	return 0;
617 }
618 
619 static void damon_sysfs_intervals_rm_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_intervals *intervals)
620 {
621 	kobject_put(&intervals->intervals_goal->kobj);
622 }
623 
624 static ssize_t sample_us_show(struct kobject *kobj,
625 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
626 {
627 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals *intervals = container_of(kobj,
628 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals, kobj);
629 
630 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%lu\n", intervals->sample_us);
631 }
632 
633 static ssize_t sample_us_store(struct kobject *kobj,
634 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
635 {
636 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals *intervals = container_of(kobj,
637 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals, kobj);
638 	unsigned long us;
639 	int err = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &us);
640 
641 	if (err)
642 		return err;
643 
644 	intervals->sample_us = us;
645 	return count;
646 }
647 
648 static ssize_t aggr_us_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
649 		char *buf)
650 {
651 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals *intervals = container_of(kobj,
652 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals, kobj);
653 
654 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%lu\n", intervals->aggr_us);
655 }
656 
657 static ssize_t aggr_us_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
658 		const char *buf, size_t count)
659 {
660 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals *intervals = container_of(kobj,
661 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals, kobj);
662 	unsigned long us;
663 	int err = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &us);
664 
665 	if (err)
666 		return err;
667 
668 	intervals->aggr_us = us;
669 	return count;
670 }
671 
672 static ssize_t update_us_show(struct kobject *kobj,
673 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
674 {
675 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals *intervals = container_of(kobj,
676 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals, kobj);
677 
678 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%lu\n", intervals->update_us);
679 }
680 
681 static ssize_t update_us_store(struct kobject *kobj,
682 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
683 {
684 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals *intervals = container_of(kobj,
685 			struct damon_sysfs_intervals, kobj);
686 	unsigned long us;
687 	int err = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &us);
688 
689 	if (err)
690 		return err;
691 
692 	intervals->update_us = us;
693 	return count;
694 }
695 
696 static void damon_sysfs_intervals_release(struct kobject *kobj)
697 {
698 	kfree(container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_intervals, kobj));
699 }
700 
701 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_intervals_sample_us_attr =
702 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(sample_us, 0600);
703 
704 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_intervals_aggr_us_attr =
705 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(aggr_us, 0600);
706 
707 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_intervals_update_us_attr =
708 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(update_us, 0600);
709 
710 static struct attribute *damon_sysfs_intervals_attrs[] = {
711 	&damon_sysfs_intervals_sample_us_attr.attr,
712 	&damon_sysfs_intervals_aggr_us_attr.attr,
713 	&damon_sysfs_intervals_update_us_attr.attr,
714 	NULL,
715 };
716 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(damon_sysfs_intervals);
717 
718 static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_intervals_ktype = {
719 	.release = damon_sysfs_intervals_release,
720 	.sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
721 	.default_groups = damon_sysfs_intervals_groups,
722 };
723 
724 /*
725  * monitoring_attrs directory
726  */
727 
728 struct damon_sysfs_attrs {
729 	struct kobject kobj;
730 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals *intervals;
731 	struct damon_sysfs_ul_range *nr_regions_range;
732 };
733 
734 static struct damon_sysfs_attrs *damon_sysfs_attrs_alloc(void)
735 {
736 	struct damon_sysfs_attrs *attrs = kmalloc(sizeof(*attrs), GFP_KERNEL);
737 
738 	if (!attrs)
739 		return NULL;
740 	attrs->kobj = (struct kobject){};
741 	return attrs;
742 }
743 
744 static int damon_sysfs_attrs_add_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_attrs *attrs)
745 {
746 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals *intervals;
747 	struct damon_sysfs_ul_range *nr_regions_range;
748 	int err;
749 
750 	intervals = damon_sysfs_intervals_alloc(5000, 100000, 60000000);
751 	if (!intervals)
752 		return -ENOMEM;
753 
754 	err = kobject_init_and_add(&intervals->kobj,
755 			&damon_sysfs_intervals_ktype, &attrs->kobj,
756 			"intervals");
757 	if (err)
758 		goto put_intervals_out;
759 	err = damon_sysfs_intervals_add_dirs(intervals);
760 	if (err)
761 		goto put_intervals_out;
762 	attrs->intervals = intervals;
763 
764 	nr_regions_range = damon_sysfs_ul_range_alloc(10, 1000);
765 	if (!nr_regions_range) {
766 		err = -ENOMEM;
767 		goto put_intervals_out;
768 	}
769 
770 	err = kobject_init_and_add(&nr_regions_range->kobj,
771 			&damon_sysfs_ul_range_ktype, &attrs->kobj,
772 			"nr_regions");
773 	if (err)
774 		goto put_nr_regions_intervals_out;
775 	attrs->nr_regions_range = nr_regions_range;
776 	return 0;
777 
778 put_nr_regions_intervals_out:
779 	kobject_put(&nr_regions_range->kobj);
780 	attrs->nr_regions_range = NULL;
781 put_intervals_out:
782 	kobject_put(&intervals->kobj);
783 	attrs->intervals = NULL;
784 	return err;
785 }
786 
787 static void damon_sysfs_attrs_rm_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_attrs *attrs)
788 {
789 	kobject_put(&attrs->nr_regions_range->kobj);
790 	damon_sysfs_intervals_rm_dirs(attrs->intervals);
791 	kobject_put(&attrs->intervals->kobj);
792 }
793 
794 static void damon_sysfs_attrs_release(struct kobject *kobj)
795 {
796 	kfree(container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_attrs, kobj));
797 }
798 
799 static struct attribute *damon_sysfs_attrs_attrs[] = {
800 	NULL,
801 };
802 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(damon_sysfs_attrs);
803 
804 static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_attrs_ktype = {
805 	.release = damon_sysfs_attrs_release,
806 	.sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
807 	.default_groups = damon_sysfs_attrs_groups,
808 };
809 
810 /*
811  * context directory
812  */
813 
814 struct damon_sysfs_ops_name {
815 	enum damon_ops_id ops_id;
816 	char *name;
817 };
818 
819 static const struct damon_sysfs_ops_name damon_sysfs_ops_names[] = {
820 	{
821 		.ops_id = DAMON_OPS_VADDR,
822 		.name = "vaddr",
823 	},
824 	{
825 		.ops_id = DAMON_OPS_FVADDR,
826 		.name = "fvaddr",
827 	},
828 	{
829 		.ops_id = DAMON_OPS_PADDR,
830 		.name = "paddr",
831 	},
832 };
833 
834 struct damon_sysfs_context {
835 	struct kobject kobj;
836 	enum damon_ops_id ops_id;
837 	unsigned long addr_unit;
838 	struct damon_sysfs_attrs *attrs;
839 	struct damon_sysfs_targets *targets;
840 	struct damon_sysfs_schemes *schemes;
841 };
842 
843 static struct damon_sysfs_context *damon_sysfs_context_alloc(
844 		enum damon_ops_id ops_id)
845 {
846 	struct damon_sysfs_context *context = kmalloc(sizeof(*context),
847 				GFP_KERNEL);
848 
849 	if (!context)
850 		return NULL;
851 	context->kobj = (struct kobject){};
852 	context->ops_id = ops_id;
853 	context->addr_unit = 1;
854 	return context;
855 }
856 
857 static int damon_sysfs_context_set_attrs(struct damon_sysfs_context *context)
858 {
859 	struct damon_sysfs_attrs *attrs = damon_sysfs_attrs_alloc();
860 	int err;
861 
862 	if (!attrs)
863 		return -ENOMEM;
864 	err = kobject_init_and_add(&attrs->kobj, &damon_sysfs_attrs_ktype,
865 			&context->kobj, "monitoring_attrs");
866 	if (err)
867 		goto out;
868 	err = damon_sysfs_attrs_add_dirs(attrs);
869 	if (err)
870 		goto out;
871 	context->attrs = attrs;
872 	return 0;
873 
874 out:
875 	kobject_put(&attrs->kobj);
876 	return err;
877 }
878 
879 static int damon_sysfs_context_set_targets(struct damon_sysfs_context *context)
880 {
881 	struct damon_sysfs_targets *targets = damon_sysfs_targets_alloc();
882 	int err;
883 
884 	if (!targets)
885 		return -ENOMEM;
886 	err = kobject_init_and_add(&targets->kobj, &damon_sysfs_targets_ktype,
887 			&context->kobj, "targets");
888 	if (err) {
889 		kobject_put(&targets->kobj);
890 		return err;
891 	}
892 	context->targets = targets;
893 	return 0;
894 }
895 
896 static int damon_sysfs_context_set_schemes(struct damon_sysfs_context *context)
897 {
898 	struct damon_sysfs_schemes *schemes = damon_sysfs_schemes_alloc();
899 	int err;
900 
901 	if (!schemes)
902 		return -ENOMEM;
903 	err = kobject_init_and_add(&schemes->kobj, &damon_sysfs_schemes_ktype,
904 			&context->kobj, "schemes");
905 	if (err) {
906 		kobject_put(&schemes->kobj);
907 		return err;
908 	}
909 	context->schemes = schemes;
910 	return 0;
911 }
912 
913 static int damon_sysfs_context_add_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_context *context)
914 {
915 	int err;
916 
917 	err = damon_sysfs_context_set_attrs(context);
918 	if (err)
919 		return err;
920 
921 	err = damon_sysfs_context_set_targets(context);
922 	if (err)
923 		goto put_attrs_out;
924 
925 	err = damon_sysfs_context_set_schemes(context);
926 	if (err)
927 		goto put_targets_attrs_out;
928 	return 0;
929 
930 put_targets_attrs_out:
931 	kobject_put(&context->targets->kobj);
932 	context->targets = NULL;
933 put_attrs_out:
934 	kobject_put(&context->attrs->kobj);
935 	context->attrs = NULL;
936 	return err;
937 }
938 
939 static void damon_sysfs_context_rm_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_context *context)
940 {
941 	damon_sysfs_attrs_rm_dirs(context->attrs);
942 	kobject_put(&context->attrs->kobj);
943 	damon_sysfs_targets_rm_dirs(context->targets);
944 	kobject_put(&context->targets->kobj);
945 	damon_sysfs_schemes_rm_dirs(context->schemes);
946 	kobject_put(&context->schemes->kobj);
947 }
948 
949 static ssize_t avail_operations_show(struct kobject *kobj,
950 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
951 {
952 	int len = 0;
953 	int i;
954 
955 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(damon_sysfs_ops_names); i++) {
956 		const struct damon_sysfs_ops_name *ops_name;
957 
958 		ops_name = &damon_sysfs_ops_names[i];
959 		if (!damon_is_registered_ops(ops_name->ops_id))
960 			continue;
961 		len += sysfs_emit_at(buf, len, "%s\n", ops_name->name);
962 	}
963 	return len;
964 }
965 
966 static ssize_t operations_show(struct kobject *kobj,
967 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
968 {
969 	struct damon_sysfs_context *context = container_of(kobj,
970 			struct damon_sysfs_context, kobj);
971 	int i;
972 
973 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(damon_sysfs_ops_names); i++) {
974 		const struct damon_sysfs_ops_name *ops_name;
975 
976 		ops_name = &damon_sysfs_ops_names[i];
977 		if (ops_name->ops_id == context->ops_id)
978 			return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s\n", ops_name->name);
979 	}
980 	return -EINVAL;
981 }
982 
983 static ssize_t operations_store(struct kobject *kobj,
984 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
985 {
986 	struct damon_sysfs_context *context = container_of(kobj,
987 			struct damon_sysfs_context, kobj);
988 	int i;
989 
990 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(damon_sysfs_ops_names); i++) {
991 		const struct damon_sysfs_ops_name *ops_name;
992 
993 		ops_name = &damon_sysfs_ops_names[i];
994 		if (sysfs_streq(buf, ops_name->name)) {
995 			context->ops_id = ops_name->ops_id;
996 			return count;
997 		}
998 	}
999 	return -EINVAL;
1000 }
1001 
1002 static ssize_t addr_unit_show(struct kobject *kobj,
1003 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1004 {
1005 	struct damon_sysfs_context *context = container_of(kobj,
1006 			struct damon_sysfs_context, kobj);
1007 
1008 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%lu\n", context->addr_unit);
1009 }
1010 
1011 static ssize_t addr_unit_store(struct kobject *kobj,
1012 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
1013 {
1014 	struct damon_sysfs_context *context = container_of(kobj,
1015 			struct damon_sysfs_context, kobj);
1016 	unsigned long input_addr_unit;
1017 	int err = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &input_addr_unit);
1018 
1019 	if (err)
1020 		return err;
1021 	if (!input_addr_unit)
1022 		return -EINVAL;
1023 
1024 	context->addr_unit = input_addr_unit;
1025 	return count;
1026 }
1027 
1028 static void damon_sysfs_context_release(struct kobject *kobj)
1029 {
1030 	kfree(container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_context, kobj));
1031 }
1032 
1033 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_context_avail_operations_attr =
1034 		__ATTR_RO_MODE(avail_operations, 0400);
1035 
1036 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_context_operations_attr =
1037 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(operations, 0600);
1038 
1039 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_context_addr_unit_attr =
1040 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(addr_unit, 0600);
1041 
1042 static struct attribute *damon_sysfs_context_attrs[] = {
1043 	&damon_sysfs_context_avail_operations_attr.attr,
1044 	&damon_sysfs_context_operations_attr.attr,
1045 	&damon_sysfs_context_addr_unit_attr.attr,
1046 	NULL,
1047 };
1048 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(damon_sysfs_context);
1049 
1050 static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_context_ktype = {
1051 	.release = damon_sysfs_context_release,
1052 	.sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
1053 	.default_groups = damon_sysfs_context_groups,
1054 };
1055 
1056 /*
1057  * contexts directory
1058  */
1059 
1060 struct damon_sysfs_contexts {
1061 	struct kobject kobj;
1062 	struct damon_sysfs_context **contexts_arr;
1063 	int nr;
1064 };
1065 
1066 static struct damon_sysfs_contexts *damon_sysfs_contexts_alloc(void)
1067 {
1068 	return kzalloc(sizeof(struct damon_sysfs_contexts), GFP_KERNEL);
1069 }
1070 
1071 static void damon_sysfs_contexts_rm_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_contexts *contexts)
1072 {
1073 	struct damon_sysfs_context **contexts_arr = contexts->contexts_arr;
1074 	int i;
1075 
1076 	for (i = 0; i < contexts->nr; i++) {
1077 		damon_sysfs_context_rm_dirs(contexts_arr[i]);
1078 		kobject_put(&contexts_arr[i]->kobj);
1079 	}
1080 	contexts->nr = 0;
1081 	kfree(contexts_arr);
1082 	contexts->contexts_arr = NULL;
1083 }
1084 
1085 static int damon_sysfs_contexts_add_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_contexts *contexts,
1086 		int nr_contexts)
1087 {
1088 	struct damon_sysfs_context **contexts_arr, *context;
1089 	int err, i;
1090 
1091 	damon_sysfs_contexts_rm_dirs(contexts);
1092 	if (!nr_contexts)
1093 		return 0;
1094 
1095 	contexts_arr = kmalloc_array(nr_contexts, sizeof(*contexts_arr),
1096 			GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
1097 	if (!contexts_arr)
1098 		return -ENOMEM;
1099 	contexts->contexts_arr = contexts_arr;
1100 
1101 	for (i = 0; i < nr_contexts; i++) {
1102 		context = damon_sysfs_context_alloc(DAMON_OPS_VADDR);
1103 		if (!context) {
1104 			damon_sysfs_contexts_rm_dirs(contexts);
1105 			return -ENOMEM;
1106 		}
1107 
1108 		err = kobject_init_and_add(&context->kobj,
1109 				&damon_sysfs_context_ktype, &contexts->kobj,
1110 				"%d", i);
1111 		if (err)
1112 			goto out;
1113 
1114 		err = damon_sysfs_context_add_dirs(context);
1115 		if (err)
1116 			goto out;
1117 
1118 		contexts_arr[i] = context;
1119 		contexts->nr++;
1120 	}
1121 	return 0;
1122 
1123 out:
1124 	damon_sysfs_contexts_rm_dirs(contexts);
1125 	kobject_put(&context->kobj);
1126 	return err;
1127 }
1128 
1129 static ssize_t nr_contexts_show(struct kobject *kobj,
1130 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1131 {
1132 	struct damon_sysfs_contexts *contexts = container_of(kobj,
1133 			struct damon_sysfs_contexts, kobj);
1134 
1135 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n", contexts->nr);
1136 }
1137 
1138 static ssize_t nr_contexts_store(struct kobject *kobj,
1139 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
1140 {
1141 	struct damon_sysfs_contexts *contexts;
1142 	int nr, err;
1143 
1144 	err = kstrtoint(buf, 0, &nr);
1145 	if (err)
1146 		return err;
1147 	/* TODO: support multiple contexts per kdamond */
1148 	if (nr < 0 || 1 < nr)
1149 		return -EINVAL;
1150 
1151 	contexts = container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_contexts, kobj);
1152 	if (!mutex_trylock(&damon_sysfs_lock))
1153 		return -EBUSY;
1154 	err = damon_sysfs_contexts_add_dirs(contexts, nr);
1155 	mutex_unlock(&damon_sysfs_lock);
1156 	if (err)
1157 		return err;
1158 
1159 	return count;
1160 }
1161 
1162 static void damon_sysfs_contexts_release(struct kobject *kobj)
1163 {
1164 	kfree(container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_contexts, kobj));
1165 }
1166 
1167 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_contexts_nr_attr
1168 		= __ATTR_RW_MODE(nr_contexts, 0600);
1169 
1170 static struct attribute *damon_sysfs_contexts_attrs[] = {
1171 	&damon_sysfs_contexts_nr_attr.attr,
1172 	NULL,
1173 };
1174 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(damon_sysfs_contexts);
1175 
1176 static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_contexts_ktype = {
1177 	.release = damon_sysfs_contexts_release,
1178 	.sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
1179 	.default_groups = damon_sysfs_contexts_groups,
1180 };
1181 
1182 /*
1183  * kdamond directory
1184  */
1185 
1186 struct damon_sysfs_kdamond {
1187 	struct kobject kobj;
1188 	struct damon_sysfs_contexts *contexts;
1189 	struct damon_ctx *damon_ctx;
1190 	unsigned int refresh_ms;
1191 };
1192 
1193 static struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *damon_sysfs_kdamond_alloc(void)
1194 {
1195 	return kzalloc(sizeof(struct damon_sysfs_kdamond), GFP_KERNEL);
1196 }
1197 
1198 static int damon_sysfs_kdamond_add_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond)
1199 {
1200 	struct damon_sysfs_contexts *contexts;
1201 	int err;
1202 
1203 	contexts = damon_sysfs_contexts_alloc();
1204 	if (!contexts)
1205 		return -ENOMEM;
1206 
1207 	err = kobject_init_and_add(&contexts->kobj,
1208 			&damon_sysfs_contexts_ktype, &kdamond->kobj,
1209 			"contexts");
1210 	if (err) {
1211 		kobject_put(&contexts->kobj);
1212 		return err;
1213 	}
1214 	kdamond->contexts = contexts;
1215 
1216 	return err;
1217 }
1218 
1219 static void damon_sysfs_kdamond_rm_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond)
1220 {
1221 	damon_sysfs_contexts_rm_dirs(kdamond->contexts);
1222 	kobject_put(&kdamond->contexts->kobj);
1223 }
1224 
1225 /*
1226  * enum damon_sysfs_cmd - Commands for a specific kdamond.
1227  */
1228 enum damon_sysfs_cmd {
1229 	/* @DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_ON: Turn the kdamond on. */
1230 	DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_ON,
1231 	/* @DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_OFF: Turn the kdamond off. */
1232 	DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_OFF,
1233 	/* @DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_COMMIT: Update kdamond inputs. */
1234 	DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_COMMIT,
1235 	/*
1236 	 * @DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_COMMIT_SCHEMES_QUOTA_GOALS: Commit the quota goals
1237 	 * to DAMON.
1238 	 */
1239 	DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_COMMIT_SCHEMES_QUOTA_GOALS,
1240 	/*
1241 	 * @DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_SCHEMES_STATS: Update scheme stats sysfs
1242 	 * files.
1243 	 */
1244 	DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_SCHEMES_STATS,
1245 	/*
1246 	 * @DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_SCHEMES_TRIED_BYTES: Update
1247 	 * tried_regions/total_bytes sysfs files for each scheme.
1248 	 */
1249 	DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_SCHEMES_TRIED_BYTES,
1250 	/*
1251 	 * @DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_SCHEMES_TRIED_REGIONS: Update schemes tried
1252 	 * regions
1253 	 */
1254 	DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_SCHEMES_TRIED_REGIONS,
1255 	/*
1256 	 * @DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_CLEAR_SCHEMES_TRIED_REGIONS: Clear schemes tried
1257 	 * regions
1258 	 */
1259 	DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_CLEAR_SCHEMES_TRIED_REGIONS,
1260 	/*
1261 	 * @DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_SCHEMES_EFFECTIVE_QUOTAS: Update the
1262 	 * effective size quota of the scheme in bytes.
1263 	 */
1264 	DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_SCHEMES_EFFECTIVE_QUOTAS,
1265 	/*
1266 	 * @DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_TUNED_INTERVALS: Update the tuned monitoring
1267 	 * intevals.
1268 	 */
1269 	DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_TUNED_INTERVALS,
1270 	/*
1271 	 * @NR_DAMON_SYSFS_CMDS: Total number of DAMON sysfs commands.
1272 	 */
1273 	NR_DAMON_SYSFS_CMDS,
1274 };
1275 
1276 /* Should match with enum damon_sysfs_cmd */
1277 static const char * const damon_sysfs_cmd_strs[] = {
1278 	"on",
1279 	"off",
1280 	"commit",
1281 	"commit_schemes_quota_goals",
1282 	"update_schemes_stats",
1283 	"update_schemes_tried_bytes",
1284 	"update_schemes_tried_regions",
1285 	"clear_schemes_tried_regions",
1286 	"update_schemes_effective_quotas",
1287 	"update_tuned_intervals",
1288 };
1289 
1290 static ssize_t state_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
1291 		char *buf)
1292 {
1293 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond = container_of(kobj,
1294 			struct damon_sysfs_kdamond, kobj);
1295 	struct damon_ctx *ctx = kdamond->damon_ctx;
1296 	bool running;
1297 
1298 	if (!ctx)
1299 		running = false;
1300 	else
1301 		running = damon_is_running(ctx);
1302 
1303 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s\n", running ?
1304 			damon_sysfs_cmd_strs[DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_ON] :
1305 			damon_sysfs_cmd_strs[DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_OFF]);
1306 }
1307 
1308 static int damon_sysfs_set_attrs(struct damon_ctx *ctx,
1309 		struct damon_sysfs_attrs *sys_attrs)
1310 {
1311 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals *sys_intervals = sys_attrs->intervals;
1312 	struct damon_sysfs_intervals_goal *sys_goal =
1313 		sys_intervals->intervals_goal;
1314 	struct damon_sysfs_ul_range *sys_nr_regions =
1315 		sys_attrs->nr_regions_range;
1316 	struct damon_attrs attrs = {
1317 		.sample_interval = sys_intervals->sample_us,
1318 		.aggr_interval = sys_intervals->aggr_us,
1319 		.intervals_goal = {
1320 			.access_bp = sys_goal->access_bp,
1321 			.aggrs = sys_goal->aggrs,
1322 			.min_sample_us = sys_goal->min_sample_us,
1323 			.max_sample_us = sys_goal->max_sample_us},
1324 		.ops_update_interval = sys_intervals->update_us,
1325 		.min_nr_regions = sys_nr_regions->min,
1326 		.max_nr_regions = sys_nr_regions->max,
1327 	};
1328 	return damon_set_attrs(ctx, &attrs);
1329 }
1330 
1331 static int damon_sysfs_set_regions(struct damon_target *t,
1332 		struct damon_sysfs_regions *sysfs_regions,
1333 		unsigned long min_sz_region)
1334 {
1335 	struct damon_addr_range *ranges = kmalloc_array(sysfs_regions->nr,
1336 			sizeof(*ranges), GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
1337 	int i, err = -EINVAL;
1338 
1339 	if (!ranges)
1340 		return -ENOMEM;
1341 	for (i = 0; i < sysfs_regions->nr; i++) {
1342 		struct damon_sysfs_region *sys_region =
1343 			sysfs_regions->regions_arr[i];
1344 
1345 		if (sys_region->ar.start > sys_region->ar.end)
1346 			goto out;
1347 
1348 		ranges[i].start = sys_region->ar.start;
1349 		ranges[i].end = sys_region->ar.end;
1350 		if (i == 0)
1351 			continue;
1352 		if (ranges[i - 1].end > ranges[i].start)
1353 			goto out;
1354 	}
1355 	err = damon_set_regions(t, ranges, sysfs_regions->nr, min_sz_region);
1356 out:
1357 	kfree(ranges);
1358 	return err;
1359 
1360 }
1361 
1362 static int damon_sysfs_add_target(struct damon_sysfs_target *sys_target,
1363 		struct damon_ctx *ctx)
1364 {
1365 	struct damon_target *t = damon_new_target();
1366 
1367 	if (!t)
1368 		return -ENOMEM;
1369 	damon_add_target(ctx, t);
1370 	if (damon_target_has_pid(ctx)) {
1371 		t->pid = find_get_pid(sys_target->pid);
1372 		if (!t->pid)
1373 			/* caller will destroy targets */
1374 			return -EINVAL;
1375 	}
1376 	return damon_sysfs_set_regions(t, sys_target->regions, ctx->min_sz_region);
1377 }
1378 
1379 static int damon_sysfs_add_targets(struct damon_ctx *ctx,
1380 		struct damon_sysfs_targets *sysfs_targets)
1381 {
1382 	int i, err;
1383 
1384 	/* Multiple physical address space monitoring targets makes no sense */
1385 	if (ctx->ops.id == DAMON_OPS_PADDR && sysfs_targets->nr > 1)
1386 		return -EINVAL;
1387 
1388 	for (i = 0; i < sysfs_targets->nr; i++) {
1389 		struct damon_sysfs_target *st = sysfs_targets->targets_arr[i];
1390 
1391 		err = damon_sysfs_add_target(st, ctx);
1392 		if (err)
1393 			return err;
1394 	}
1395 	return 0;
1396 }
1397 
1398 /*
1399  * damon_sysfs_upd_schemes_stats() - Update schemes stats sysfs files.
1400  * @data:	The kobject wrapper that associated to the kdamond thread.
1401  *
1402  * This function reads the schemes stats of specific kdamond and update the
1403  * related values for sysfs files.  This function should be called from DAMON
1404  * worker thread,to safely access the DAMON contexts-internal data.  Caller
1405  * should also ensure holding ``damon_syfs_lock``, and ->damon_ctx of @data is
1406  * not NULL but a valid pointer, to safely access DAMON sysfs variables.
1407  */
1408 static int damon_sysfs_upd_schemes_stats(void *data)
1409 {
1410 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond = data;
1411 	struct damon_ctx *ctx = kdamond->damon_ctx;
1412 
1413 	damon_sysfs_schemes_update_stats(
1414 			kdamond->contexts->contexts_arr[0]->schemes, ctx);
1415 	return 0;
1416 }
1417 
1418 static inline bool damon_sysfs_kdamond_running(
1419 		struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond)
1420 {
1421 	return kdamond->damon_ctx &&
1422 		damon_is_running(kdamond->damon_ctx);
1423 }
1424 
1425 static int damon_sysfs_apply_inputs(struct damon_ctx *ctx,
1426 		struct damon_sysfs_context *sys_ctx)
1427 {
1428 	int err;
1429 
1430 	err = damon_select_ops(ctx, sys_ctx->ops_id);
1431 	if (err)
1432 		return err;
1433 	ctx->addr_unit = sys_ctx->addr_unit;
1434 	ctx->min_sz_region = max(DAMON_MIN_REGION / sys_ctx->addr_unit, 1);
1435 	err = damon_sysfs_set_attrs(ctx, sys_ctx->attrs);
1436 	if (err)
1437 		return err;
1438 	err = damon_sysfs_add_targets(ctx, sys_ctx->targets);
1439 	if (err)
1440 		return err;
1441 	return damon_sysfs_add_schemes(ctx, sys_ctx->schemes);
1442 }
1443 
1444 static struct damon_ctx *damon_sysfs_build_ctx(
1445 		struct damon_sysfs_context *sys_ctx);
1446 
1447 /*
1448  * damon_sysfs_commit_input() - Commit user inputs to a running kdamond.
1449  * @kdamond:	The kobject wrapper for the associated kdamond.
1450  *
1451  * Returns error if the sysfs input is wrong.
1452  */
1453 static int damon_sysfs_commit_input(void *data)
1454 {
1455 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond = data;
1456 	struct damon_ctx *param_ctx, *test_ctx;
1457 	int err;
1458 
1459 	if (!damon_sysfs_kdamond_running(kdamond))
1460 		return -EINVAL;
1461 	/* TODO: Support multiple contexts per kdamond */
1462 	if (kdamond->contexts->nr != 1)
1463 		return -EINVAL;
1464 
1465 	param_ctx = damon_sysfs_build_ctx(kdamond->contexts->contexts_arr[0]);
1466 	if (IS_ERR(param_ctx))
1467 		return PTR_ERR(param_ctx);
1468 	test_ctx = damon_new_ctx();
1469 	err = damon_commit_ctx(test_ctx, param_ctx);
1470 	if (err) {
1471 		damon_destroy_ctx(test_ctx);
1472 		goto out;
1473 	}
1474 	err = damon_commit_ctx(kdamond->damon_ctx, param_ctx);
1475 out:
1476 	damon_destroy_ctx(param_ctx);
1477 	return err;
1478 }
1479 
1480 static int damon_sysfs_commit_schemes_quota_goals(void *data)
1481 {
1482 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *sysfs_kdamond = data;
1483 	struct damon_ctx *ctx;
1484 	struct damon_sysfs_context *sysfs_ctx;
1485 
1486 	if (!damon_sysfs_kdamond_running(sysfs_kdamond))
1487 		return -EINVAL;
1488 	/* TODO: Support multiple contexts per kdamond */
1489 	if (sysfs_kdamond->contexts->nr != 1)
1490 		return -EINVAL;
1491 
1492 	ctx = sysfs_kdamond->damon_ctx;
1493 	sysfs_ctx = sysfs_kdamond->contexts->contexts_arr[0];
1494 	return damos_sysfs_set_quota_scores(sysfs_ctx->schemes, ctx);
1495 }
1496 
1497 /*
1498  * damon_sysfs_upd_schemes_effective_quotas() - Update schemes effective quotas
1499  * sysfs files.
1500  * @data:	The kobject wrapper that associated to the kdamond thread.
1501  *
1502  * This function reads the schemes' effective quotas of specific kdamond and
1503  * update the related values for sysfs files.  This function should be called
1504  * from DAMON callbacks while holding ``damon_syfs_lock``, to safely access the
1505  * DAMON contexts-internal data and DAMON sysfs variables.
1506  */
1507 static int damon_sysfs_upd_schemes_effective_quotas(void *data)
1508 {
1509 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond = data;
1510 	struct damon_ctx *ctx = kdamond->damon_ctx;
1511 
1512 	damos_sysfs_update_effective_quotas(
1513 			kdamond->contexts->contexts_arr[0]->schemes, ctx);
1514 	return 0;
1515 }
1516 
1517 static int damon_sysfs_upd_tuned_intervals(void *data)
1518 {
1519 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond = data;
1520 	struct damon_ctx *ctx = kdamond->damon_ctx;
1521 
1522 	kdamond->contexts->contexts_arr[0]->attrs->intervals->sample_us =
1523 		ctx->attrs.sample_interval;
1524 	kdamond->contexts->contexts_arr[0]->attrs->intervals->aggr_us =
1525 		ctx->attrs.aggr_interval;
1526 	return 0;
1527 }
1528 
1529 static struct damon_ctx *damon_sysfs_build_ctx(
1530 		struct damon_sysfs_context *sys_ctx)
1531 {
1532 	struct damon_ctx *ctx = damon_new_ctx();
1533 	int err;
1534 
1535 	if (!ctx)
1536 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
1537 
1538 	err = damon_sysfs_apply_inputs(ctx, sys_ctx);
1539 	if (err) {
1540 		damon_destroy_ctx(ctx);
1541 		return ERR_PTR(err);
1542 	}
1543 
1544 	return ctx;
1545 }
1546 
1547 static int damon_sysfs_repeat_call_fn(void *data)
1548 {
1549 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *sysfs_kdamond = data;
1550 	static unsigned long next_update_jiffies;
1551 
1552 	if (!sysfs_kdamond->refresh_ms)
1553 		return 0;
1554 	if (time_before(jiffies, next_update_jiffies))
1555 		return 0;
1556 	next_update_jiffies = jiffies +
1557 		msecs_to_jiffies(sysfs_kdamond->refresh_ms);
1558 
1559 	if (!mutex_trylock(&damon_sysfs_lock))
1560 		return 0;
1561 	damon_sysfs_upd_tuned_intervals(sysfs_kdamond);
1562 	damon_sysfs_upd_schemes_stats(sysfs_kdamond);
1563 	damon_sysfs_upd_schemes_effective_quotas(sysfs_kdamond);
1564 	mutex_unlock(&damon_sysfs_lock);
1565 	return 0;
1566 }
1567 
1568 static struct damon_call_control damon_sysfs_repeat_call_control = {
1569 	.fn = damon_sysfs_repeat_call_fn,
1570 	.repeat = true,
1571 };
1572 
1573 static int damon_sysfs_turn_damon_on(struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond)
1574 {
1575 	struct damon_ctx *ctx;
1576 	int err;
1577 
1578 	if (damon_sysfs_kdamond_running(kdamond))
1579 		return -EBUSY;
1580 	/* TODO: support multiple contexts per kdamond */
1581 	if (kdamond->contexts->nr != 1)
1582 		return -EINVAL;
1583 
1584 	if (kdamond->damon_ctx)
1585 		damon_destroy_ctx(kdamond->damon_ctx);
1586 	kdamond->damon_ctx = NULL;
1587 
1588 	ctx = damon_sysfs_build_ctx(kdamond->contexts->contexts_arr[0]);
1589 	if (IS_ERR(ctx))
1590 		return PTR_ERR(ctx);
1591 	err = damon_start(&ctx, 1, false);
1592 	if (err) {
1593 		damon_destroy_ctx(ctx);
1594 		return err;
1595 	}
1596 	kdamond->damon_ctx = ctx;
1597 
1598 	damon_sysfs_repeat_call_control.data = kdamond;
1599 	damon_call(ctx, &damon_sysfs_repeat_call_control);
1600 	return err;
1601 }
1602 
1603 static int damon_sysfs_turn_damon_off(struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond)
1604 {
1605 	if (!kdamond->damon_ctx)
1606 		return -EINVAL;
1607 	return damon_stop(&kdamond->damon_ctx, 1);
1608 	/*
1609 	 * To allow users show final monitoring results of already turned-off
1610 	 * DAMON, we free kdamond->damon_ctx in next
1611 	 * damon_sysfs_turn_damon_on(), or kdamonds_nr_store()
1612 	 */
1613 }
1614 
1615 static int damon_sysfs_damon_call(int (*fn)(void *data),
1616 		struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond)
1617 {
1618 	struct damon_call_control call_control = {};
1619 
1620 	if (!kdamond->damon_ctx)
1621 		return -EINVAL;
1622 	call_control.fn = fn;
1623 	call_control.data = kdamond;
1624 	return damon_call(kdamond->damon_ctx, &call_control);
1625 }
1626 
1627 struct damon_sysfs_schemes_walk_data {
1628 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *sysfs_kdamond;
1629 	bool total_bytes_only;
1630 };
1631 
1632 /* populate the region directory */
1633 static void damon_sysfs_schemes_tried_regions_upd_one(void *data, struct damon_ctx *ctx,
1634 		struct damon_target *t, struct damon_region *r,
1635 		struct damos *s, unsigned long sz_filter_passed)
1636 {
1637 	struct damon_sysfs_schemes_walk_data *walk_data = data;
1638 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *sysfs_kdamond = walk_data->sysfs_kdamond;
1639 
1640 	damos_sysfs_populate_region_dir(
1641 			sysfs_kdamond->contexts->contexts_arr[0]->schemes,
1642 			ctx, t, r, s, walk_data->total_bytes_only,
1643 			sz_filter_passed);
1644 }
1645 
1646 static int damon_sysfs_update_schemes_tried_regions(
1647 		struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *sysfs_kdamond, bool total_bytes_only)
1648 {
1649 	struct damon_sysfs_schemes_walk_data walk_data = {
1650 		.sysfs_kdamond = sysfs_kdamond,
1651 		.total_bytes_only = total_bytes_only,
1652 	};
1653 	struct damos_walk_control control = {
1654 		.walk_fn = damon_sysfs_schemes_tried_regions_upd_one,
1655 		.data = &walk_data,
1656 	};
1657 	struct damon_ctx *ctx = sysfs_kdamond->damon_ctx;
1658 
1659 	if (!ctx)
1660 		return -EINVAL;
1661 
1662 	damon_sysfs_schemes_clear_regions(
1663 			sysfs_kdamond->contexts->contexts_arr[0]->schemes);
1664 	return damos_walk(ctx, &control);
1665 }
1666 
1667 /*
1668  * damon_sysfs_handle_cmd() - Handle a command for a specific kdamond.
1669  * @cmd:	The command to handle.
1670  * @kdamond:	The kobject wrapper for the associated kdamond.
1671  *
1672  * This function handles a DAMON sysfs command for a kdamond.
1673  *
1674  * Return: 0 on success, negative error code otherwise.
1675  */
1676 static int damon_sysfs_handle_cmd(enum damon_sysfs_cmd cmd,
1677 		struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond)
1678 {
1679 	switch (cmd) {
1680 	case DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_ON:
1681 		return damon_sysfs_turn_damon_on(kdamond);
1682 	case DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_OFF:
1683 		return damon_sysfs_turn_damon_off(kdamond);
1684 	case DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_COMMIT:
1685 		return damon_sysfs_damon_call(
1686 				damon_sysfs_commit_input, kdamond);
1687 	case DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_COMMIT_SCHEMES_QUOTA_GOALS:
1688 		return damon_sysfs_damon_call(
1689 				damon_sysfs_commit_schemes_quota_goals,
1690 				kdamond);
1691 	case DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_SCHEMES_STATS:
1692 		return damon_sysfs_damon_call(
1693 				damon_sysfs_upd_schemes_stats, kdamond);
1694 	case DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_SCHEMES_TRIED_BYTES:
1695 		return damon_sysfs_update_schemes_tried_regions(kdamond, true);
1696 	case DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_SCHEMES_TRIED_REGIONS:
1697 		return damon_sysfs_update_schemes_tried_regions(kdamond, false);
1698 	case DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_CLEAR_SCHEMES_TRIED_REGIONS:
1699 		return damon_sysfs_schemes_clear_regions(
1700 			kdamond->contexts->contexts_arr[0]->schemes);
1701 	case DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_SCHEMES_EFFECTIVE_QUOTAS:
1702 		return damon_sysfs_damon_call(
1703 				damon_sysfs_upd_schemes_effective_quotas,
1704 				kdamond);
1705 	case DAMON_SYSFS_CMD_UPDATE_TUNED_INTERVALS:
1706 		return damon_sysfs_damon_call(
1707 				damon_sysfs_upd_tuned_intervals, kdamond);
1708 	default:
1709 		return -EINVAL;
1710 	}
1711 }
1712 
1713 static ssize_t state_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
1714 		const char *buf, size_t count)
1715 {
1716 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond = container_of(kobj,
1717 			struct damon_sysfs_kdamond, kobj);
1718 	enum damon_sysfs_cmd cmd;
1719 	ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;
1720 
1721 	if (!mutex_trylock(&damon_sysfs_lock))
1722 		return -EBUSY;
1723 	for (cmd = 0; cmd < NR_DAMON_SYSFS_CMDS; cmd++) {
1724 		if (sysfs_streq(buf, damon_sysfs_cmd_strs[cmd])) {
1725 			ret = damon_sysfs_handle_cmd(cmd, kdamond);
1726 			break;
1727 		}
1728 	}
1729 	mutex_unlock(&damon_sysfs_lock);
1730 	if (!ret)
1731 		ret = count;
1732 	return ret;
1733 }
1734 
1735 static ssize_t pid_show(struct kobject *kobj,
1736 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1737 {
1738 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond = container_of(kobj,
1739 			struct damon_sysfs_kdamond, kobj);
1740 	struct damon_ctx *ctx;
1741 	int pid = -1;
1742 
1743 	if (!mutex_trylock(&damon_sysfs_lock))
1744 		return -EBUSY;
1745 	ctx = kdamond->damon_ctx;
1746 	if (!ctx)
1747 		goto out;
1748 
1749 	mutex_lock(&ctx->kdamond_lock);
1750 	if (ctx->kdamond)
1751 		pid = ctx->kdamond->pid;
1752 	mutex_unlock(&ctx->kdamond_lock);
1753 out:
1754 	mutex_unlock(&damon_sysfs_lock);
1755 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n", pid);
1756 }
1757 
1758 static ssize_t refresh_ms_show(struct kobject *kobj,
1759 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1760 {
1761 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond = container_of(kobj,
1762 			struct damon_sysfs_kdamond, kobj);
1763 
1764 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", kdamond->refresh_ms);
1765 }
1766 
1767 static ssize_t refresh_ms_store(struct kobject *kobj,
1768 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
1769 {
1770 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond = container_of(kobj,
1771 			struct damon_sysfs_kdamond, kobj);
1772 	unsigned int nr;
1773 	int err = kstrtouint(buf, 0, &nr);
1774 
1775 	if (err)
1776 		return err;
1777 
1778 	kdamond->refresh_ms = nr;
1779 	return count;
1780 }
1781 
1782 static void damon_sysfs_kdamond_release(struct kobject *kobj)
1783 {
1784 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond *kdamond = container_of(kobj,
1785 			struct damon_sysfs_kdamond, kobj);
1786 
1787 	if (kdamond->damon_ctx)
1788 		damon_destroy_ctx(kdamond->damon_ctx);
1789 	kfree(kdamond);
1790 }
1791 
1792 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_kdamond_state_attr =
1793 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(state, 0600);
1794 
1795 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_kdamond_pid_attr =
1796 		__ATTR_RO_MODE(pid, 0400);
1797 
1798 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_kdamond_refresh_ms_attr =
1799 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(refresh_ms, 0600);
1800 
1801 static struct attribute *damon_sysfs_kdamond_attrs[] = {
1802 	&damon_sysfs_kdamond_state_attr.attr,
1803 	&damon_sysfs_kdamond_pid_attr.attr,
1804 	&damon_sysfs_kdamond_refresh_ms_attr.attr,
1805 	NULL,
1806 };
1807 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(damon_sysfs_kdamond);
1808 
1809 static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_kdamond_ktype = {
1810 	.release = damon_sysfs_kdamond_release,
1811 	.sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
1812 	.default_groups = damon_sysfs_kdamond_groups,
1813 };
1814 
1815 /*
1816  * kdamonds directory
1817  */
1818 
1819 struct damon_sysfs_kdamonds {
1820 	struct kobject kobj;
1821 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond **kdamonds_arr;
1822 	int nr;
1823 };
1824 
1825 static struct damon_sysfs_kdamonds *damon_sysfs_kdamonds_alloc(void)
1826 {
1827 	return kzalloc(sizeof(struct damon_sysfs_kdamonds), GFP_KERNEL);
1828 }
1829 
1830 static void damon_sysfs_kdamonds_rm_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_kdamonds *kdamonds)
1831 {
1832 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond **kdamonds_arr = kdamonds->kdamonds_arr;
1833 	int i;
1834 
1835 	for (i = 0; i < kdamonds->nr; i++) {
1836 		damon_sysfs_kdamond_rm_dirs(kdamonds_arr[i]);
1837 		kobject_put(&kdamonds_arr[i]->kobj);
1838 	}
1839 	kdamonds->nr = 0;
1840 	kfree(kdamonds_arr);
1841 	kdamonds->kdamonds_arr = NULL;
1842 }
1843 
1844 static bool damon_sysfs_kdamonds_busy(struct damon_sysfs_kdamond **kdamonds,
1845 		int nr_kdamonds)
1846 {
1847 	int i;
1848 
1849 	for (i = 0; i < nr_kdamonds; i++) {
1850 		if (damon_sysfs_kdamond_running(kdamonds[i]))
1851 			return true;
1852 	}
1853 
1854 	return false;
1855 }
1856 
1857 static int damon_sysfs_kdamonds_add_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_kdamonds *kdamonds,
1858 		int nr_kdamonds)
1859 {
1860 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamond **kdamonds_arr, *kdamond;
1861 	int err, i;
1862 
1863 	if (damon_sysfs_kdamonds_busy(kdamonds->kdamonds_arr, kdamonds->nr))
1864 		return -EBUSY;
1865 
1866 	damon_sysfs_kdamonds_rm_dirs(kdamonds);
1867 	if (!nr_kdamonds)
1868 		return 0;
1869 
1870 	kdamonds_arr = kmalloc_array(nr_kdamonds, sizeof(*kdamonds_arr),
1871 			GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
1872 	if (!kdamonds_arr)
1873 		return -ENOMEM;
1874 	kdamonds->kdamonds_arr = kdamonds_arr;
1875 
1876 	for (i = 0; i < nr_kdamonds; i++) {
1877 		kdamond = damon_sysfs_kdamond_alloc();
1878 		if (!kdamond) {
1879 			damon_sysfs_kdamonds_rm_dirs(kdamonds);
1880 			return -ENOMEM;
1881 		}
1882 
1883 		err = kobject_init_and_add(&kdamond->kobj,
1884 				&damon_sysfs_kdamond_ktype, &kdamonds->kobj,
1885 				"%d", i);
1886 		if (err)
1887 			goto out;
1888 
1889 		err = damon_sysfs_kdamond_add_dirs(kdamond);
1890 		if (err)
1891 			goto out;
1892 
1893 		kdamonds_arr[i] = kdamond;
1894 		kdamonds->nr++;
1895 	}
1896 	return 0;
1897 
1898 out:
1899 	damon_sysfs_kdamonds_rm_dirs(kdamonds);
1900 	kobject_put(&kdamond->kobj);
1901 	return err;
1902 }
1903 
1904 static ssize_t nr_kdamonds_show(struct kobject *kobj,
1905 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
1906 {
1907 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamonds *kdamonds = container_of(kobj,
1908 			struct damon_sysfs_kdamonds, kobj);
1909 
1910 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n", kdamonds->nr);
1911 }
1912 
1913 static ssize_t nr_kdamonds_store(struct kobject *kobj,
1914 		struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
1915 {
1916 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamonds *kdamonds;
1917 	int nr, err;
1918 
1919 	err = kstrtoint(buf, 0, &nr);
1920 	if (err)
1921 		return err;
1922 	if (nr < 0)
1923 		return -EINVAL;
1924 
1925 	kdamonds = container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_kdamonds, kobj);
1926 
1927 	if (!mutex_trylock(&damon_sysfs_lock))
1928 		return -EBUSY;
1929 	err = damon_sysfs_kdamonds_add_dirs(kdamonds, nr);
1930 	mutex_unlock(&damon_sysfs_lock);
1931 	if (err)
1932 		return err;
1933 
1934 	return count;
1935 }
1936 
1937 static void damon_sysfs_kdamonds_release(struct kobject *kobj)
1938 {
1939 	kfree(container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_kdamonds, kobj));
1940 }
1941 
1942 static struct kobj_attribute damon_sysfs_kdamonds_nr_attr =
1943 		__ATTR_RW_MODE(nr_kdamonds, 0600);
1944 
1945 static struct attribute *damon_sysfs_kdamonds_attrs[] = {
1946 	&damon_sysfs_kdamonds_nr_attr.attr,
1947 	NULL,
1948 };
1949 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(damon_sysfs_kdamonds);
1950 
1951 static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_kdamonds_ktype = {
1952 	.release = damon_sysfs_kdamonds_release,
1953 	.sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
1954 	.default_groups = damon_sysfs_kdamonds_groups,
1955 };
1956 
1957 /*
1958  * damon user interface directory
1959  */
1960 
1961 struct damon_sysfs_ui_dir {
1962 	struct kobject kobj;
1963 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamonds *kdamonds;
1964 };
1965 
1966 static struct damon_sysfs_ui_dir *damon_sysfs_ui_dir_alloc(void)
1967 {
1968 	return kzalloc(sizeof(struct damon_sysfs_ui_dir), GFP_KERNEL);
1969 }
1970 
1971 static int damon_sysfs_ui_dir_add_dirs(struct damon_sysfs_ui_dir *ui_dir)
1972 {
1973 	struct damon_sysfs_kdamonds *kdamonds;
1974 	int err;
1975 
1976 	kdamonds = damon_sysfs_kdamonds_alloc();
1977 	if (!kdamonds)
1978 		return -ENOMEM;
1979 
1980 	err = kobject_init_and_add(&kdamonds->kobj,
1981 			&damon_sysfs_kdamonds_ktype, &ui_dir->kobj,
1982 			"kdamonds");
1983 	if (err) {
1984 		kobject_put(&kdamonds->kobj);
1985 		return err;
1986 	}
1987 	ui_dir->kdamonds = kdamonds;
1988 	return err;
1989 }
1990 
1991 static void damon_sysfs_ui_dir_release(struct kobject *kobj)
1992 {
1993 	kfree(container_of(kobj, struct damon_sysfs_ui_dir, kobj));
1994 }
1995 
1996 static struct attribute *damon_sysfs_ui_dir_attrs[] = {
1997 	NULL,
1998 };
1999 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(damon_sysfs_ui_dir);
2000 
2001 static const struct kobj_type damon_sysfs_ui_dir_ktype = {
2002 	.release = damon_sysfs_ui_dir_release,
2003 	.sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
2004 	.default_groups = damon_sysfs_ui_dir_groups,
2005 };
2006 
2007 static int __init damon_sysfs_init(void)
2008 {
2009 	struct kobject *damon_sysfs_root;
2010 	struct damon_sysfs_ui_dir *admin;
2011 	int err;
2012 
2013 	damon_sysfs_root = kobject_create_and_add("damon", mm_kobj);
2014 	if (!damon_sysfs_root)
2015 		return -ENOMEM;
2016 
2017 	admin = damon_sysfs_ui_dir_alloc();
2018 	if (!admin) {
2019 		kobject_put(damon_sysfs_root);
2020 		return -ENOMEM;
2021 	}
2022 	err = kobject_init_and_add(&admin->kobj, &damon_sysfs_ui_dir_ktype,
2023 			damon_sysfs_root, "admin");
2024 	if (err)
2025 		goto out;
2026 	err = damon_sysfs_ui_dir_add_dirs(admin);
2027 	if (err)
2028 		goto out;
2029 	return 0;
2030 
2031 out:
2032 	kobject_put(&admin->kobj);
2033 	kobject_put(damon_sysfs_root);
2034 	return err;
2035 }
2036 subsys_initcall(damon_sysfs_init);
2037 
2038 #include "tests/sysfs-kunit.h"
2039