xref: /linux/mm/backing-dev.c (revision 314f14abdeca78de6b16f97d796a9966ce4b90ae)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 
3 #include <linux/wait.h>
4 #include <linux/rbtree.h>
5 #include <linux/kthread.h>
6 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
7 #include <linux/blk-cgroup.h>
8 #include <linux/freezer.h>
9 #include <linux/fs.h>
10 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
11 #include <linux/mm.h>
12 #include <linux/sched/mm.h>
13 #include <linux/sched.h>
14 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/writeback.h>
16 #include <linux/device.h>
17 #include <trace/events/writeback.h>
18 
19 struct backing_dev_info noop_backing_dev_info;
20 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(noop_backing_dev_info);
21 
22 static struct class *bdi_class;
23 static const char *bdi_unknown_name = "(unknown)";
24 
25 /*
26  * bdi_lock protects bdi_tree and updates to bdi_list. bdi_list has RCU
27  * reader side locking.
28  */
29 DEFINE_SPINLOCK(bdi_lock);
30 static u64 bdi_id_cursor;
31 static struct rb_root bdi_tree = RB_ROOT;
32 LIST_HEAD(bdi_list);
33 
34 /* bdi_wq serves all asynchronous writeback tasks */
35 struct workqueue_struct *bdi_wq;
36 
37 #define K(x) ((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10))
38 
39 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
40 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
41 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
42 
43 static struct dentry *bdi_debug_root;
44 
45 static void bdi_debug_init(void)
46 {
47 	bdi_debug_root = debugfs_create_dir("bdi", NULL);
48 }
49 
50 static int bdi_debug_stats_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
51 {
52 	struct backing_dev_info *bdi = m->private;
53 	struct bdi_writeback *wb = &bdi->wb;
54 	unsigned long background_thresh;
55 	unsigned long dirty_thresh;
56 	unsigned long wb_thresh;
57 	unsigned long nr_dirty, nr_io, nr_more_io, nr_dirty_time;
58 	struct inode *inode;
59 
60 	nr_dirty = nr_io = nr_more_io = nr_dirty_time = 0;
61 	spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
62 	list_for_each_entry(inode, &wb->b_dirty, i_io_list)
63 		nr_dirty++;
64 	list_for_each_entry(inode, &wb->b_io, i_io_list)
65 		nr_io++;
66 	list_for_each_entry(inode, &wb->b_more_io, i_io_list)
67 		nr_more_io++;
68 	list_for_each_entry(inode, &wb->b_dirty_time, i_io_list)
69 		if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY_TIME)
70 			nr_dirty_time++;
71 	spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
72 
73 	global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
74 	wb_thresh = wb_calc_thresh(wb, dirty_thresh);
75 
76 	seq_printf(m,
77 		   "BdiWriteback:       %10lu kB\n"
78 		   "BdiReclaimable:     %10lu kB\n"
79 		   "BdiDirtyThresh:     %10lu kB\n"
80 		   "DirtyThresh:        %10lu kB\n"
81 		   "BackgroundThresh:   %10lu kB\n"
82 		   "BdiDirtied:         %10lu kB\n"
83 		   "BdiWritten:         %10lu kB\n"
84 		   "BdiWriteBandwidth:  %10lu kBps\n"
85 		   "b_dirty:            %10lu\n"
86 		   "b_io:               %10lu\n"
87 		   "b_more_io:          %10lu\n"
88 		   "b_dirty_time:       %10lu\n"
89 		   "bdi_list:           %10u\n"
90 		   "state:              %10lx\n",
91 		   (unsigned long) K(wb_stat(wb, WB_WRITEBACK)),
92 		   (unsigned long) K(wb_stat(wb, WB_RECLAIMABLE)),
93 		   K(wb_thresh),
94 		   K(dirty_thresh),
95 		   K(background_thresh),
96 		   (unsigned long) K(wb_stat(wb, WB_DIRTIED)),
97 		   (unsigned long) K(wb_stat(wb, WB_WRITTEN)),
98 		   (unsigned long) K(wb->write_bandwidth),
99 		   nr_dirty,
100 		   nr_io,
101 		   nr_more_io,
102 		   nr_dirty_time,
103 		   !list_empty(&bdi->bdi_list), bdi->wb.state);
104 
105 	return 0;
106 }
107 DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE(bdi_debug_stats);
108 
109 static void bdi_debug_register(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, const char *name)
110 {
111 	bdi->debug_dir = debugfs_create_dir(name, bdi_debug_root);
112 
113 	debugfs_create_file("stats", 0444, bdi->debug_dir, bdi,
114 			    &bdi_debug_stats_fops);
115 }
116 
117 static void bdi_debug_unregister(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
118 {
119 	debugfs_remove_recursive(bdi->debug_dir);
120 }
121 #else
122 static inline void bdi_debug_init(void)
123 {
124 }
125 static inline void bdi_debug_register(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
126 				      const char *name)
127 {
128 }
129 static inline void bdi_debug_unregister(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
130 {
131 }
132 #endif
133 
134 static ssize_t read_ahead_kb_store(struct device *dev,
135 				  struct device_attribute *attr,
136 				  const char *buf, size_t count)
137 {
138 	struct backing_dev_info *bdi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
139 	unsigned long read_ahead_kb;
140 	ssize_t ret;
141 
142 	ret = kstrtoul(buf, 10, &read_ahead_kb);
143 	if (ret < 0)
144 		return ret;
145 
146 	bdi->ra_pages = read_ahead_kb >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
147 
148 	return count;
149 }
150 
151 #define BDI_SHOW(name, expr)						\
152 static ssize_t name##_show(struct device *dev,				\
153 			   struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)	\
154 {									\
155 	struct backing_dev_info *bdi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);		\
156 									\
157 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%lld\n", (long long)expr);		\
158 }									\
159 static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(name);
160 
161 BDI_SHOW(read_ahead_kb, K(bdi->ra_pages))
162 
163 static ssize_t min_ratio_store(struct device *dev,
164 		struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
165 {
166 	struct backing_dev_info *bdi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
167 	unsigned int ratio;
168 	ssize_t ret;
169 
170 	ret = kstrtouint(buf, 10, &ratio);
171 	if (ret < 0)
172 		return ret;
173 
174 	ret = bdi_set_min_ratio(bdi, ratio);
175 	if (!ret)
176 		ret = count;
177 
178 	return ret;
179 }
180 BDI_SHOW(min_ratio, bdi->min_ratio)
181 
182 static ssize_t max_ratio_store(struct device *dev,
183 		struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
184 {
185 	struct backing_dev_info *bdi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
186 	unsigned int ratio;
187 	ssize_t ret;
188 
189 	ret = kstrtouint(buf, 10, &ratio);
190 	if (ret < 0)
191 		return ret;
192 
193 	ret = bdi_set_max_ratio(bdi, ratio);
194 	if (!ret)
195 		ret = count;
196 
197 	return ret;
198 }
199 BDI_SHOW(max_ratio, bdi->max_ratio)
200 
201 static ssize_t stable_pages_required_show(struct device *dev,
202 					  struct device_attribute *attr,
203 					  char *buf)
204 {
205 	dev_warn_once(dev,
206 		"the stable_pages_required attribute has been removed. Use the stable_writes queue attribute instead.\n");
207 	return sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n", 0);
208 }
209 static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(stable_pages_required);
210 
211 static struct attribute *bdi_dev_attrs[] = {
212 	&dev_attr_read_ahead_kb.attr,
213 	&dev_attr_min_ratio.attr,
214 	&dev_attr_max_ratio.attr,
215 	&dev_attr_stable_pages_required.attr,
216 	NULL,
217 };
218 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(bdi_dev);
219 
220 static __init int bdi_class_init(void)
221 {
222 	bdi_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "bdi");
223 	if (IS_ERR(bdi_class))
224 		return PTR_ERR(bdi_class);
225 
226 	bdi_class->dev_groups = bdi_dev_groups;
227 	bdi_debug_init();
228 
229 	return 0;
230 }
231 postcore_initcall(bdi_class_init);
232 
233 static int bdi_init(struct backing_dev_info *bdi);
234 
235 static int __init default_bdi_init(void)
236 {
237 	int err;
238 
239 	bdi_wq = alloc_workqueue("writeback", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_UNBOUND |
240 				 WQ_SYSFS, 0);
241 	if (!bdi_wq)
242 		return -ENOMEM;
243 
244 	err = bdi_init(&noop_backing_dev_info);
245 
246 	return err;
247 }
248 subsys_initcall(default_bdi_init);
249 
250 /*
251  * This function is used when the first inode for this wb is marked dirty. It
252  * wakes-up the corresponding bdi thread which should then take care of the
253  * periodic background write-out of dirty inodes. Since the write-out would
254  * starts only 'dirty_writeback_interval' centisecs from now anyway, we just
255  * set up a timer which wakes the bdi thread up later.
256  *
257  * Note, we wouldn't bother setting up the timer, but this function is on the
258  * fast-path (used by '__mark_inode_dirty()'), so we save few context switches
259  * by delaying the wake-up.
260  *
261  * We have to be careful not to postpone flush work if it is scheduled for
262  * earlier. Thus we use queue_delayed_work().
263  */
264 void wb_wakeup_delayed(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
265 {
266 	unsigned long timeout;
267 
268 	timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(dirty_writeback_interval * 10);
269 	spin_lock_bh(&wb->work_lock);
270 	if (test_bit(WB_registered, &wb->state))
271 		queue_delayed_work(bdi_wq, &wb->dwork, timeout);
272 	spin_unlock_bh(&wb->work_lock);
273 }
274 
275 static void wb_update_bandwidth_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
276 {
277 	struct bdi_writeback *wb = container_of(to_delayed_work(work),
278 						struct bdi_writeback, bw_dwork);
279 
280 	wb_update_bandwidth(wb);
281 }
282 
283 /*
284  * Initial write bandwidth: 100 MB/s
285  */
286 #define INIT_BW		(100 << (20 - PAGE_SHIFT))
287 
288 static int wb_init(struct bdi_writeback *wb, struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
289 		   gfp_t gfp)
290 {
291 	int i, err;
292 
293 	memset(wb, 0, sizeof(*wb));
294 
295 	if (wb != &bdi->wb)
296 		bdi_get(bdi);
297 	wb->bdi = bdi;
298 	wb->last_old_flush = jiffies;
299 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wb->b_dirty);
300 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wb->b_io);
301 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wb->b_more_io);
302 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wb->b_dirty_time);
303 	spin_lock_init(&wb->list_lock);
304 
305 	atomic_set(&wb->writeback_inodes, 0);
306 	wb->bw_time_stamp = jiffies;
307 	wb->balanced_dirty_ratelimit = INIT_BW;
308 	wb->dirty_ratelimit = INIT_BW;
309 	wb->write_bandwidth = INIT_BW;
310 	wb->avg_write_bandwidth = INIT_BW;
311 
312 	spin_lock_init(&wb->work_lock);
313 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wb->work_list);
314 	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&wb->dwork, wb_workfn);
315 	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&wb->bw_dwork, wb_update_bandwidth_workfn);
316 	wb->dirty_sleep = jiffies;
317 
318 	err = fprop_local_init_percpu(&wb->completions, gfp);
319 	if (err)
320 		goto out_put_bdi;
321 
322 	for (i = 0; i < NR_WB_STAT_ITEMS; i++) {
323 		err = percpu_counter_init(&wb->stat[i], 0, gfp);
324 		if (err)
325 			goto out_destroy_stat;
326 	}
327 
328 	return 0;
329 
330 out_destroy_stat:
331 	while (i--)
332 		percpu_counter_destroy(&wb->stat[i]);
333 	fprop_local_destroy_percpu(&wb->completions);
334 out_put_bdi:
335 	if (wb != &bdi->wb)
336 		bdi_put(bdi);
337 	return err;
338 }
339 
340 static void cgwb_remove_from_bdi_list(struct bdi_writeback *wb);
341 
342 /*
343  * Remove bdi from the global list and shutdown any threads we have running
344  */
345 static void wb_shutdown(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
346 {
347 	/* Make sure nobody queues further work */
348 	spin_lock_bh(&wb->work_lock);
349 	if (!test_and_clear_bit(WB_registered, &wb->state)) {
350 		spin_unlock_bh(&wb->work_lock);
351 		return;
352 	}
353 	spin_unlock_bh(&wb->work_lock);
354 
355 	cgwb_remove_from_bdi_list(wb);
356 	/*
357 	 * Drain work list and shutdown the delayed_work.  !WB_registered
358 	 * tells wb_workfn() that @wb is dying and its work_list needs to
359 	 * be drained no matter what.
360 	 */
361 	mod_delayed_work(bdi_wq, &wb->dwork, 0);
362 	flush_delayed_work(&wb->dwork);
363 	WARN_ON(!list_empty(&wb->work_list));
364 	flush_delayed_work(&wb->bw_dwork);
365 }
366 
367 static void wb_exit(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
368 {
369 	int i;
370 
371 	WARN_ON(delayed_work_pending(&wb->dwork));
372 
373 	for (i = 0; i < NR_WB_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
374 		percpu_counter_destroy(&wb->stat[i]);
375 
376 	fprop_local_destroy_percpu(&wb->completions);
377 	if (wb != &wb->bdi->wb)
378 		bdi_put(wb->bdi);
379 }
380 
381 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK
382 
383 #include <linux/memcontrol.h>
384 
385 /*
386  * cgwb_lock protects bdi->cgwb_tree, blkcg->cgwb_list, offline_cgwbs and
387  * memcg->cgwb_list.  bdi->cgwb_tree is also RCU protected.
388  */
389 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cgwb_lock);
390 static struct workqueue_struct *cgwb_release_wq;
391 
392 static LIST_HEAD(offline_cgwbs);
393 static void cleanup_offline_cgwbs_workfn(struct work_struct *work);
394 static DECLARE_WORK(cleanup_offline_cgwbs_work, cleanup_offline_cgwbs_workfn);
395 
396 static void cgwb_release_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
397 {
398 	struct bdi_writeback *wb = container_of(work, struct bdi_writeback,
399 						release_work);
400 	struct blkcg *blkcg = css_to_blkcg(wb->blkcg_css);
401 
402 	mutex_lock(&wb->bdi->cgwb_release_mutex);
403 	wb_shutdown(wb);
404 
405 	css_put(wb->memcg_css);
406 	css_put(wb->blkcg_css);
407 	mutex_unlock(&wb->bdi->cgwb_release_mutex);
408 
409 	/* triggers blkg destruction if no online users left */
410 	blkcg_unpin_online(blkcg);
411 
412 	fprop_local_destroy_percpu(&wb->memcg_completions);
413 
414 	spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
415 	list_del(&wb->offline_node);
416 	spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
417 
418 	percpu_ref_exit(&wb->refcnt);
419 	wb_exit(wb);
420 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&wb->b_attached));
421 	kfree_rcu(wb, rcu);
422 }
423 
424 static void cgwb_release(struct percpu_ref *refcnt)
425 {
426 	struct bdi_writeback *wb = container_of(refcnt, struct bdi_writeback,
427 						refcnt);
428 	queue_work(cgwb_release_wq, &wb->release_work);
429 }
430 
431 static void cgwb_kill(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
432 {
433 	lockdep_assert_held(&cgwb_lock);
434 
435 	WARN_ON(!radix_tree_delete(&wb->bdi->cgwb_tree, wb->memcg_css->id));
436 	list_del(&wb->memcg_node);
437 	list_del(&wb->blkcg_node);
438 	list_add(&wb->offline_node, &offline_cgwbs);
439 	percpu_ref_kill(&wb->refcnt);
440 }
441 
442 static void cgwb_remove_from_bdi_list(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
443 {
444 	spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
445 	list_del_rcu(&wb->bdi_node);
446 	spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
447 }
448 
449 static int cgwb_create(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
450 		       struct cgroup_subsys_state *memcg_css, gfp_t gfp)
451 {
452 	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
453 	struct cgroup_subsys_state *blkcg_css;
454 	struct blkcg *blkcg;
455 	struct list_head *memcg_cgwb_list, *blkcg_cgwb_list;
456 	struct bdi_writeback *wb;
457 	unsigned long flags;
458 	int ret = 0;
459 
460 	memcg = mem_cgroup_from_css(memcg_css);
461 	blkcg_css = cgroup_get_e_css(memcg_css->cgroup, &io_cgrp_subsys);
462 	blkcg = css_to_blkcg(blkcg_css);
463 	memcg_cgwb_list = &memcg->cgwb_list;
464 	blkcg_cgwb_list = &blkcg->cgwb_list;
465 
466 	/* look up again under lock and discard on blkcg mismatch */
467 	spin_lock_irqsave(&cgwb_lock, flags);
468 	wb = radix_tree_lookup(&bdi->cgwb_tree, memcg_css->id);
469 	if (wb && wb->blkcg_css != blkcg_css) {
470 		cgwb_kill(wb);
471 		wb = NULL;
472 	}
473 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cgwb_lock, flags);
474 	if (wb)
475 		goto out_put;
476 
477 	/* need to create a new one */
478 	wb = kmalloc(sizeof(*wb), gfp);
479 	if (!wb) {
480 		ret = -ENOMEM;
481 		goto out_put;
482 	}
483 
484 	ret = wb_init(wb, bdi, gfp);
485 	if (ret)
486 		goto err_free;
487 
488 	ret = percpu_ref_init(&wb->refcnt, cgwb_release, 0, gfp);
489 	if (ret)
490 		goto err_wb_exit;
491 
492 	ret = fprop_local_init_percpu(&wb->memcg_completions, gfp);
493 	if (ret)
494 		goto err_ref_exit;
495 
496 	wb->memcg_css = memcg_css;
497 	wb->blkcg_css = blkcg_css;
498 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wb->b_attached);
499 	INIT_WORK(&wb->release_work, cgwb_release_workfn);
500 	set_bit(WB_registered, &wb->state);
501 
502 	/*
503 	 * The root wb determines the registered state of the whole bdi and
504 	 * memcg_cgwb_list and blkcg_cgwb_list's next pointers indicate
505 	 * whether they're still online.  Don't link @wb if any is dead.
506 	 * See wb_memcg_offline() and wb_blkcg_offline().
507 	 */
508 	ret = -ENODEV;
509 	spin_lock_irqsave(&cgwb_lock, flags);
510 	if (test_bit(WB_registered, &bdi->wb.state) &&
511 	    blkcg_cgwb_list->next && memcg_cgwb_list->next) {
512 		/* we might have raced another instance of this function */
513 		ret = radix_tree_insert(&bdi->cgwb_tree, memcg_css->id, wb);
514 		if (!ret) {
515 			list_add_tail_rcu(&wb->bdi_node, &bdi->wb_list);
516 			list_add(&wb->memcg_node, memcg_cgwb_list);
517 			list_add(&wb->blkcg_node, blkcg_cgwb_list);
518 			blkcg_pin_online(blkcg);
519 			css_get(memcg_css);
520 			css_get(blkcg_css);
521 		}
522 	}
523 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cgwb_lock, flags);
524 	if (ret) {
525 		if (ret == -EEXIST)
526 			ret = 0;
527 		goto err_fprop_exit;
528 	}
529 	goto out_put;
530 
531 err_fprop_exit:
532 	fprop_local_destroy_percpu(&wb->memcg_completions);
533 err_ref_exit:
534 	percpu_ref_exit(&wb->refcnt);
535 err_wb_exit:
536 	wb_exit(wb);
537 err_free:
538 	kfree(wb);
539 out_put:
540 	css_put(blkcg_css);
541 	return ret;
542 }
543 
544 /**
545  * wb_get_lookup - get wb for a given memcg
546  * @bdi: target bdi
547  * @memcg_css: cgroup_subsys_state of the target memcg (must have positive ref)
548  *
549  * Try to get the wb for @memcg_css on @bdi.  The returned wb has its
550  * refcount incremented.
551  *
552  * This function uses css_get() on @memcg_css and thus expects its refcnt
553  * to be positive on invocation.  IOW, rcu_read_lock() protection on
554  * @memcg_css isn't enough.  try_get it before calling this function.
555  *
556  * A wb is keyed by its associated memcg.  As blkcg implicitly enables
557  * memcg on the default hierarchy, memcg association is guaranteed to be
558  * more specific (equal or descendant to the associated blkcg) and thus can
559  * identify both the memcg and blkcg associations.
560  *
561  * Because the blkcg associated with a memcg may change as blkcg is enabled
562  * and disabled closer to root in the hierarchy, each wb keeps track of
563  * both the memcg and blkcg associated with it and verifies the blkcg on
564  * each lookup.  On mismatch, the existing wb is discarded and a new one is
565  * created.
566  */
567 struct bdi_writeback *wb_get_lookup(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
568 				    struct cgroup_subsys_state *memcg_css)
569 {
570 	struct bdi_writeback *wb;
571 
572 	if (!memcg_css->parent)
573 		return &bdi->wb;
574 
575 	rcu_read_lock();
576 	wb = radix_tree_lookup(&bdi->cgwb_tree, memcg_css->id);
577 	if (wb) {
578 		struct cgroup_subsys_state *blkcg_css;
579 
580 		/* see whether the blkcg association has changed */
581 		blkcg_css = cgroup_get_e_css(memcg_css->cgroup, &io_cgrp_subsys);
582 		if (unlikely(wb->blkcg_css != blkcg_css || !wb_tryget(wb)))
583 			wb = NULL;
584 		css_put(blkcg_css);
585 	}
586 	rcu_read_unlock();
587 
588 	return wb;
589 }
590 
591 /**
592  * wb_get_create - get wb for a given memcg, create if necessary
593  * @bdi: target bdi
594  * @memcg_css: cgroup_subsys_state of the target memcg (must have positive ref)
595  * @gfp: allocation mask to use
596  *
597  * Try to get the wb for @memcg_css on @bdi.  If it doesn't exist, try to
598  * create one.  See wb_get_lookup() for more details.
599  */
600 struct bdi_writeback *wb_get_create(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
601 				    struct cgroup_subsys_state *memcg_css,
602 				    gfp_t gfp)
603 {
604 	struct bdi_writeback *wb;
605 
606 	might_alloc(gfp);
607 
608 	if (!memcg_css->parent)
609 		return &bdi->wb;
610 
611 	do {
612 		wb = wb_get_lookup(bdi, memcg_css);
613 	} while (!wb && !cgwb_create(bdi, memcg_css, gfp));
614 
615 	return wb;
616 }
617 
618 static int cgwb_bdi_init(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
619 {
620 	int ret;
621 
622 	INIT_RADIX_TREE(&bdi->cgwb_tree, GFP_ATOMIC);
623 	mutex_init(&bdi->cgwb_release_mutex);
624 	init_rwsem(&bdi->wb_switch_rwsem);
625 
626 	ret = wb_init(&bdi->wb, bdi, GFP_KERNEL);
627 	if (!ret) {
628 		bdi->wb.memcg_css = &root_mem_cgroup->css;
629 		bdi->wb.blkcg_css = blkcg_root_css;
630 	}
631 	return ret;
632 }
633 
634 static void cgwb_bdi_unregister(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
635 {
636 	struct radix_tree_iter iter;
637 	void **slot;
638 	struct bdi_writeback *wb;
639 
640 	WARN_ON(test_bit(WB_registered, &bdi->wb.state));
641 
642 	spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
643 	radix_tree_for_each_slot(slot, &bdi->cgwb_tree, &iter, 0)
644 		cgwb_kill(*slot);
645 	spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
646 
647 	mutex_lock(&bdi->cgwb_release_mutex);
648 	spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
649 	while (!list_empty(&bdi->wb_list)) {
650 		wb = list_first_entry(&bdi->wb_list, struct bdi_writeback,
651 				      bdi_node);
652 		spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
653 		wb_shutdown(wb);
654 		spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
655 	}
656 	spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
657 	mutex_unlock(&bdi->cgwb_release_mutex);
658 }
659 
660 /*
661  * cleanup_offline_cgwbs_workfn - try to release dying cgwbs
662  *
663  * Try to release dying cgwbs by switching attached inodes to the nearest
664  * living ancestor's writeback. Processed wbs are placed at the end
665  * of the list to guarantee the forward progress.
666  */
667 static void cleanup_offline_cgwbs_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
668 {
669 	struct bdi_writeback *wb;
670 	LIST_HEAD(processed);
671 
672 	spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
673 
674 	while (!list_empty(&offline_cgwbs)) {
675 		wb = list_first_entry(&offline_cgwbs, struct bdi_writeback,
676 				      offline_node);
677 		list_move(&wb->offline_node, &processed);
678 
679 		/*
680 		 * If wb is dirty, cleaning up the writeback by switching
681 		 * attached inodes will result in an effective removal of any
682 		 * bandwidth restrictions, which isn't the goal.  Instead,
683 		 * it can be postponed until the next time, when all io
684 		 * will be likely completed.  If in the meantime some inodes
685 		 * will get re-dirtied, they should be eventually switched to
686 		 * a new cgwb.
687 		 */
688 		if (wb_has_dirty_io(wb))
689 			continue;
690 
691 		if (!wb_tryget(wb))
692 			continue;
693 
694 		spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
695 		while (cleanup_offline_cgwb(wb))
696 			cond_resched();
697 		spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
698 
699 		wb_put(wb);
700 	}
701 
702 	if (!list_empty(&processed))
703 		list_splice_tail(&processed, &offline_cgwbs);
704 
705 	spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
706 }
707 
708 /**
709  * wb_memcg_offline - kill all wb's associated with a memcg being offlined
710  * @memcg: memcg being offlined
711  *
712  * Also prevents creation of any new wb's associated with @memcg.
713  */
714 void wb_memcg_offline(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
715 {
716 	struct list_head *memcg_cgwb_list = &memcg->cgwb_list;
717 	struct bdi_writeback *wb, *next;
718 
719 	spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
720 	list_for_each_entry_safe(wb, next, memcg_cgwb_list, memcg_node)
721 		cgwb_kill(wb);
722 	memcg_cgwb_list->next = NULL;	/* prevent new wb's */
723 	spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
724 
725 	queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &cleanup_offline_cgwbs_work);
726 }
727 
728 /**
729  * wb_blkcg_offline - kill all wb's associated with a blkcg being offlined
730  * @blkcg: blkcg being offlined
731  *
732  * Also prevents creation of any new wb's associated with @blkcg.
733  */
734 void wb_blkcg_offline(struct blkcg *blkcg)
735 {
736 	struct bdi_writeback *wb, *next;
737 
738 	spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
739 	list_for_each_entry_safe(wb, next, &blkcg->cgwb_list, blkcg_node)
740 		cgwb_kill(wb);
741 	blkcg->cgwb_list.next = NULL;	/* prevent new wb's */
742 	spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
743 }
744 
745 static void cgwb_bdi_register(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
746 {
747 	spin_lock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
748 	list_add_tail_rcu(&bdi->wb.bdi_node, &bdi->wb_list);
749 	spin_unlock_irq(&cgwb_lock);
750 }
751 
752 static int __init cgwb_init(void)
753 {
754 	/*
755 	 * There can be many concurrent release work items overwhelming
756 	 * system_wq.  Put them in a separate wq and limit concurrency.
757 	 * There's no point in executing many of these in parallel.
758 	 */
759 	cgwb_release_wq = alloc_workqueue("cgwb_release", 0, 1);
760 	if (!cgwb_release_wq)
761 		return -ENOMEM;
762 
763 	return 0;
764 }
765 subsys_initcall(cgwb_init);
766 
767 #else	/* CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK */
768 
769 static int cgwb_bdi_init(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
770 {
771 	return wb_init(&bdi->wb, bdi, GFP_KERNEL);
772 }
773 
774 static void cgwb_bdi_unregister(struct backing_dev_info *bdi) { }
775 
776 static void cgwb_bdi_register(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
777 {
778 	list_add_tail_rcu(&bdi->wb.bdi_node, &bdi->wb_list);
779 }
780 
781 static void cgwb_remove_from_bdi_list(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
782 {
783 	list_del_rcu(&wb->bdi_node);
784 }
785 
786 #endif	/* CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK */
787 
788 static int bdi_init(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
789 {
790 	int ret;
791 
792 	bdi->dev = NULL;
793 
794 	kref_init(&bdi->refcnt);
795 	bdi->min_ratio = 0;
796 	bdi->max_ratio = 100;
797 	bdi->max_prop_frac = FPROP_FRAC_BASE;
798 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bdi->bdi_list);
799 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bdi->wb_list);
800 	init_waitqueue_head(&bdi->wb_waitq);
801 
802 	ret = cgwb_bdi_init(bdi);
803 
804 	return ret;
805 }
806 
807 struct backing_dev_info *bdi_alloc(int node_id)
808 {
809 	struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
810 
811 	bdi = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*bdi), GFP_KERNEL, node_id);
812 	if (!bdi)
813 		return NULL;
814 
815 	if (bdi_init(bdi)) {
816 		kfree(bdi);
817 		return NULL;
818 	}
819 	bdi->capabilities = BDI_CAP_WRITEBACK | BDI_CAP_WRITEBACK_ACCT;
820 	bdi->ra_pages = VM_READAHEAD_PAGES;
821 	bdi->io_pages = VM_READAHEAD_PAGES;
822 	timer_setup(&bdi->laptop_mode_wb_timer, laptop_mode_timer_fn, 0);
823 	return bdi;
824 }
825 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdi_alloc);
826 
827 static struct rb_node **bdi_lookup_rb_node(u64 id, struct rb_node **parentp)
828 {
829 	struct rb_node **p = &bdi_tree.rb_node;
830 	struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
831 	struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
832 
833 	lockdep_assert_held(&bdi_lock);
834 
835 	while (*p) {
836 		parent = *p;
837 		bdi = rb_entry(parent, struct backing_dev_info, rb_node);
838 
839 		if (bdi->id > id)
840 			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
841 		else if (bdi->id < id)
842 			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
843 		else
844 			break;
845 	}
846 
847 	if (parentp)
848 		*parentp = parent;
849 	return p;
850 }
851 
852 /**
853  * bdi_get_by_id - lookup and get bdi from its id
854  * @id: bdi id to lookup
855  *
856  * Find bdi matching @id and get it.  Returns NULL if the matching bdi
857  * doesn't exist or is already unregistered.
858  */
859 struct backing_dev_info *bdi_get_by_id(u64 id)
860 {
861 	struct backing_dev_info *bdi = NULL;
862 	struct rb_node **p;
863 
864 	spin_lock_bh(&bdi_lock);
865 	p = bdi_lookup_rb_node(id, NULL);
866 	if (*p) {
867 		bdi = rb_entry(*p, struct backing_dev_info, rb_node);
868 		bdi_get(bdi);
869 	}
870 	spin_unlock_bh(&bdi_lock);
871 
872 	return bdi;
873 }
874 
875 int bdi_register_va(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, const char *fmt, va_list args)
876 {
877 	struct device *dev;
878 	struct rb_node *parent, **p;
879 
880 	if (bdi->dev)	/* The driver needs to use separate queues per device */
881 		return 0;
882 
883 	vsnprintf(bdi->dev_name, sizeof(bdi->dev_name), fmt, args);
884 	dev = device_create(bdi_class, NULL, MKDEV(0, 0), bdi, bdi->dev_name);
885 	if (IS_ERR(dev))
886 		return PTR_ERR(dev);
887 
888 	cgwb_bdi_register(bdi);
889 	bdi->dev = dev;
890 
891 	bdi_debug_register(bdi, dev_name(dev));
892 	set_bit(WB_registered, &bdi->wb.state);
893 
894 	spin_lock_bh(&bdi_lock);
895 
896 	bdi->id = ++bdi_id_cursor;
897 
898 	p = bdi_lookup_rb_node(bdi->id, &parent);
899 	rb_link_node(&bdi->rb_node, parent, p);
900 	rb_insert_color(&bdi->rb_node, &bdi_tree);
901 
902 	list_add_tail_rcu(&bdi->bdi_list, &bdi_list);
903 
904 	spin_unlock_bh(&bdi_lock);
905 
906 	trace_writeback_bdi_register(bdi);
907 	return 0;
908 }
909 
910 int bdi_register(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, const char *fmt, ...)
911 {
912 	va_list args;
913 	int ret;
914 
915 	va_start(args, fmt);
916 	ret = bdi_register_va(bdi, fmt, args);
917 	va_end(args);
918 	return ret;
919 }
920 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdi_register);
921 
922 void bdi_set_owner(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, struct device *owner)
923 {
924 	WARN_ON_ONCE(bdi->owner);
925 	bdi->owner = owner;
926 	get_device(owner);
927 }
928 
929 /*
930  * Remove bdi from bdi_list, and ensure that it is no longer visible
931  */
932 static void bdi_remove_from_list(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
933 {
934 	spin_lock_bh(&bdi_lock);
935 	rb_erase(&bdi->rb_node, &bdi_tree);
936 	list_del_rcu(&bdi->bdi_list);
937 	spin_unlock_bh(&bdi_lock);
938 
939 	synchronize_rcu_expedited();
940 }
941 
942 void bdi_unregister(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
943 {
944 	del_timer_sync(&bdi->laptop_mode_wb_timer);
945 
946 	/* make sure nobody finds us on the bdi_list anymore */
947 	bdi_remove_from_list(bdi);
948 	wb_shutdown(&bdi->wb);
949 	cgwb_bdi_unregister(bdi);
950 
951 	if (bdi->dev) {
952 		bdi_debug_unregister(bdi);
953 		device_unregister(bdi->dev);
954 		bdi->dev = NULL;
955 	}
956 
957 	if (bdi->owner) {
958 		put_device(bdi->owner);
959 		bdi->owner = NULL;
960 	}
961 }
962 
963 static void release_bdi(struct kref *ref)
964 {
965 	struct backing_dev_info *bdi =
966 			container_of(ref, struct backing_dev_info, refcnt);
967 
968 	if (test_bit(WB_registered, &bdi->wb.state))
969 		bdi_unregister(bdi);
970 	WARN_ON_ONCE(bdi->dev);
971 	wb_exit(&bdi->wb);
972 	kfree(bdi);
973 }
974 
975 void bdi_put(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
976 {
977 	kref_put(&bdi->refcnt, release_bdi);
978 }
979 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdi_put);
980 
981 struct backing_dev_info *inode_to_bdi(struct inode *inode)
982 {
983 	struct super_block *sb;
984 
985 	if (!inode)
986 		return &noop_backing_dev_info;
987 
988 	sb = inode->i_sb;
989 #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
990 	if (sb_is_blkdev_sb(sb))
991 		return I_BDEV(inode)->bd_disk->bdi;
992 #endif
993 	return sb->s_bdi;
994 }
995 EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_to_bdi);
996 
997 const char *bdi_dev_name(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
998 {
999 	if (!bdi || !bdi->dev)
1000 		return bdi_unknown_name;
1001 	return bdi->dev_name;
1002 }
1003 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bdi_dev_name);
1004 
1005 static wait_queue_head_t congestion_wqh[2] = {
1006 		__WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(congestion_wqh[0]),
1007 		__WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(congestion_wqh[1])
1008 	};
1009 static atomic_t nr_wb_congested[2];
1010 
1011 void clear_bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int sync)
1012 {
1013 	wait_queue_head_t *wqh = &congestion_wqh[sync];
1014 	enum wb_congested_state bit;
1015 
1016 	bit = sync ? WB_sync_congested : WB_async_congested;
1017 	if (test_and_clear_bit(bit, &bdi->wb.congested))
1018 		atomic_dec(&nr_wb_congested[sync]);
1019 	smp_mb__after_atomic();
1020 	if (waitqueue_active(wqh))
1021 		wake_up(wqh);
1022 }
1023 EXPORT_SYMBOL(clear_bdi_congested);
1024 
1025 void set_bdi_congested(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, int sync)
1026 {
1027 	enum wb_congested_state bit;
1028 
1029 	bit = sync ? WB_sync_congested : WB_async_congested;
1030 	if (!test_and_set_bit(bit, &bdi->wb.congested))
1031 		atomic_inc(&nr_wb_congested[sync]);
1032 }
1033 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_bdi_congested);
1034 
1035 /**
1036  * congestion_wait - wait for a backing_dev to become uncongested
1037  * @sync: SYNC or ASYNC IO
1038  * @timeout: timeout in jiffies
1039  *
1040  * Waits for up to @timeout jiffies for a backing_dev (any backing_dev) to exit
1041  * write congestion.  If no backing_devs are congested then just wait for the
1042  * next write to be completed.
1043  */
1044 long congestion_wait(int sync, long timeout)
1045 {
1046 	long ret;
1047 	unsigned long start = jiffies;
1048 	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
1049 	wait_queue_head_t *wqh = &congestion_wqh[sync];
1050 
1051 	prepare_to_wait(wqh, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
1052 	ret = io_schedule_timeout(timeout);
1053 	finish_wait(wqh, &wait);
1054 
1055 	trace_writeback_congestion_wait(jiffies_to_usecs(timeout),
1056 					jiffies_to_usecs(jiffies - start));
1057 
1058 	return ret;
1059 }
1060 EXPORT_SYMBOL(congestion_wait);
1061 
1062 /**
1063  * wait_iff_congested - Conditionally wait for a backing_dev to become uncongested or a pgdat to complete writes
1064  * @sync: SYNC or ASYNC IO
1065  * @timeout: timeout in jiffies
1066  *
1067  * In the event of a congested backing_dev (any backing_dev) this waits
1068  * for up to @timeout jiffies for either a BDI to exit congestion of the
1069  * given @sync queue or a write to complete.
1070  *
1071  * The return value is 0 if the sleep is for the full timeout. Otherwise,
1072  * it is the number of jiffies that were still remaining when the function
1073  * returned. return_value == timeout implies the function did not sleep.
1074  */
1075 long wait_iff_congested(int sync, long timeout)
1076 {
1077 	long ret;
1078 	unsigned long start = jiffies;
1079 	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
1080 	wait_queue_head_t *wqh = &congestion_wqh[sync];
1081 
1082 	/*
1083 	 * If there is no congestion, yield if necessary instead
1084 	 * of sleeping on the congestion queue
1085 	 */
1086 	if (atomic_read(&nr_wb_congested[sync]) == 0) {
1087 		cond_resched();
1088 
1089 		/* In case we scheduled, work out time remaining */
1090 		ret = timeout - (jiffies - start);
1091 		if (ret < 0)
1092 			ret = 0;
1093 
1094 		goto out;
1095 	}
1096 
1097 	/* Sleep until uncongested or a write happens */
1098 	prepare_to_wait(wqh, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
1099 	ret = io_schedule_timeout(timeout);
1100 	finish_wait(wqh, &wait);
1101 
1102 out:
1103 	trace_writeback_wait_iff_congested(jiffies_to_usecs(timeout),
1104 					jiffies_to_usecs(jiffies - start));
1105 
1106 	return ret;
1107 }
1108 EXPORT_SYMBOL(wait_iff_congested);
1109