xref: /linux/lib/ubsan.c (revision ed843d6ed7310a27cf7c8ee0a82a482eed0cb4a6)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * UBSAN error reporting functions
4  *
5  * Copyright (c) 2014 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
6  * Author: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
7  */
8 
9 #include <linux/bitops.h>
10 #include <linux/bug.h>
11 #include <linux/ctype.h>
12 #include <linux/init.h>
13 #include <linux/kernel.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/sched.h>
16 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
17 #include <kunit/test-bug.h>
18 
19 #include "ubsan.h"
20 
21 static const char * const type_check_kinds[] = {
22 	"load of",
23 	"store to",
24 	"reference binding to",
25 	"member access within",
26 	"member call on",
27 	"constructor call on",
28 	"downcast of",
29 	"downcast of"
30 };
31 
32 #define REPORTED_BIT 31
33 
34 #if (BITS_PER_LONG == 64) && defined(__BIG_ENDIAN)
35 #define COLUMN_MASK (~(1U << REPORTED_BIT))
36 #define LINE_MASK   (~0U)
37 #else
38 #define COLUMN_MASK   (~0U)
39 #define LINE_MASK (~(1U << REPORTED_BIT))
40 #endif
41 
42 #define VALUE_LENGTH 40
43 
44 static bool was_reported(struct source_location *location)
45 {
46 	return test_and_set_bit(REPORTED_BIT, &location->reported);
47 }
48 
49 static bool suppress_report(struct source_location *loc)
50 {
51 	return current->in_ubsan || was_reported(loc);
52 }
53 
54 static bool type_is_int(struct type_descriptor *type)
55 {
56 	return type->type_kind == type_kind_int;
57 }
58 
59 static bool type_is_signed(struct type_descriptor *type)
60 {
61 	WARN_ON(!type_is_int(type));
62 	return  type->type_info & 1;
63 }
64 
65 static unsigned type_bit_width(struct type_descriptor *type)
66 {
67 	return 1 << (type->type_info >> 1);
68 }
69 
70 static bool is_inline_int(struct type_descriptor *type)
71 {
72 	unsigned inline_bits = sizeof(unsigned long)*8;
73 	unsigned bits = type_bit_width(type);
74 
75 	WARN_ON(!type_is_int(type));
76 
77 	return bits <= inline_bits;
78 }
79 
80 static s_max get_signed_val(struct type_descriptor *type, void *val)
81 {
82 	if (is_inline_int(type)) {
83 		unsigned extra_bits = sizeof(s_max)*8 - type_bit_width(type);
84 		unsigned long ulong_val = (unsigned long)val;
85 
86 		return ((s_max)ulong_val) << extra_bits >> extra_bits;
87 	}
88 
89 	if (type_bit_width(type) == 64)
90 		return *(s64 *)val;
91 
92 	return *(s_max *)val;
93 }
94 
95 static bool val_is_negative(struct type_descriptor *type, void *val)
96 {
97 	return type_is_signed(type) && get_signed_val(type, val) < 0;
98 }
99 
100 static u_max get_unsigned_val(struct type_descriptor *type, void *val)
101 {
102 	if (is_inline_int(type))
103 		return (unsigned long)val;
104 
105 	if (type_bit_width(type) == 64)
106 		return *(u64 *)val;
107 
108 	return *(u_max *)val;
109 }
110 
111 static void val_to_string(char *str, size_t size, struct type_descriptor *type,
112 			void *value)
113 {
114 	if (type_is_int(type)) {
115 		if (type_bit_width(type) == 128) {
116 #if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_INT128)
117 			u_max val = get_unsigned_val(type, value);
118 
119 			scnprintf(str, size, "0x%08x%08x%08x%08x",
120 				(u32)(val >> 96),
121 				(u32)(val >> 64),
122 				(u32)(val >> 32),
123 				(u32)(val));
124 #else
125 			WARN_ON(1);
126 #endif
127 		} else if (type_is_signed(type)) {
128 			scnprintf(str, size, "%lld",
129 				(s64)get_signed_val(type, value));
130 		} else {
131 			scnprintf(str, size, "%llu",
132 				(u64)get_unsigned_val(type, value));
133 		}
134 	}
135 }
136 
137 static void ubsan_prologue(struct source_location *loc, const char *reason)
138 {
139 	current->in_ubsan++;
140 
141 	pr_err("========================================"
142 		"========================================\n");
143 	pr_err("UBSAN: %s in %s:%d:%d\n", reason, loc->file_name,
144 		loc->line & LINE_MASK, loc->column & COLUMN_MASK);
145 
146 	kunit_fail_current_test("%s in %s", reason, loc->file_name);
147 }
148 
149 static void ubsan_epilogue(void)
150 {
151 	dump_stack();
152 	pr_err("========================================"
153 		"========================================\n");
154 
155 	current->in_ubsan--;
156 
157 	check_panic_on_warn("UBSAN");
158 }
159 
160 void __ubsan_handle_divrem_overflow(void *_data, void *lhs, void *rhs)
161 {
162 	struct overflow_data *data = _data;
163 	char rhs_val_str[VALUE_LENGTH];
164 
165 	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
166 		return;
167 
168 	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "division-overflow");
169 
170 	val_to_string(rhs_val_str, sizeof(rhs_val_str), data->type, rhs);
171 
172 	if (type_is_signed(data->type) && get_signed_val(data->type, rhs) == -1)
173 		pr_err("division of %s by -1 cannot be represented in type %s\n",
174 			rhs_val_str, data->type->type_name);
175 	else
176 		pr_err("division by zero\n");
177 
178 	ubsan_epilogue();
179 }
180 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_divrem_overflow);
181 
182 static void handle_null_ptr_deref(struct type_mismatch_data_common *data)
183 {
184 	if (suppress_report(data->location))
185 		return;
186 
187 	ubsan_prologue(data->location, "null-ptr-deref");
188 
189 	pr_err("%s null pointer of type %s\n",
190 		type_check_kinds[data->type_check_kind],
191 		data->type->type_name);
192 
193 	ubsan_epilogue();
194 }
195 
196 static void handle_misaligned_access(struct type_mismatch_data_common *data,
197 				unsigned long ptr)
198 {
199 	if (suppress_report(data->location))
200 		return;
201 
202 	ubsan_prologue(data->location, "misaligned-access");
203 
204 	pr_err("%s misaligned address %p for type %s\n",
205 		type_check_kinds[data->type_check_kind],
206 		(void *)ptr, data->type->type_name);
207 	pr_err("which requires %ld byte alignment\n", data->alignment);
208 
209 	ubsan_epilogue();
210 }
211 
212 static void handle_object_size_mismatch(struct type_mismatch_data_common *data,
213 					unsigned long ptr)
214 {
215 	if (suppress_report(data->location))
216 		return;
217 
218 	ubsan_prologue(data->location, "object-size-mismatch");
219 	pr_err("%s address %p with insufficient space\n",
220 		type_check_kinds[data->type_check_kind],
221 		(void *) ptr);
222 	pr_err("for an object of type %s\n", data->type->type_name);
223 	ubsan_epilogue();
224 }
225 
226 static void ubsan_type_mismatch_common(struct type_mismatch_data_common *data,
227 				unsigned long ptr)
228 {
229 	unsigned long flags = user_access_save();
230 
231 	if (!ptr)
232 		handle_null_ptr_deref(data);
233 	else if (data->alignment && !IS_ALIGNED(ptr, data->alignment))
234 		handle_misaligned_access(data, ptr);
235 	else
236 		handle_object_size_mismatch(data, ptr);
237 
238 	user_access_restore(flags);
239 }
240 
241 void __ubsan_handle_type_mismatch(struct type_mismatch_data *data,
242 				void *ptr)
243 {
244 	struct type_mismatch_data_common common_data = {
245 		.location = &data->location,
246 		.type = data->type,
247 		.alignment = data->alignment,
248 		.type_check_kind = data->type_check_kind
249 	};
250 
251 	ubsan_type_mismatch_common(&common_data, (unsigned long)ptr);
252 }
253 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch);
254 
255 void __ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1(void *_data, void *ptr)
256 {
257 	struct type_mismatch_data_v1 *data = _data;
258 	struct type_mismatch_data_common common_data = {
259 		.location = &data->location,
260 		.type = data->type,
261 		.alignment = 1UL << data->log_alignment,
262 		.type_check_kind = data->type_check_kind
263 	};
264 
265 	ubsan_type_mismatch_common(&common_data, (unsigned long)ptr);
266 }
267 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1);
268 
269 void __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds(void *_data, void *index)
270 {
271 	struct out_of_bounds_data *data = _data;
272 	char index_str[VALUE_LENGTH];
273 
274 	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
275 		return;
276 
277 	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "array-index-out-of-bounds");
278 
279 	val_to_string(index_str, sizeof(index_str), data->index_type, index);
280 	pr_err("index %s is out of range for type %s\n", index_str,
281 		data->array_type->type_name);
282 	ubsan_epilogue();
283 }
284 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds);
285 
286 void __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds(void *_data, void *lhs, void *rhs)
287 {
288 	struct shift_out_of_bounds_data *data = _data;
289 	struct type_descriptor *rhs_type = data->rhs_type;
290 	struct type_descriptor *lhs_type = data->lhs_type;
291 	char rhs_str[VALUE_LENGTH];
292 	char lhs_str[VALUE_LENGTH];
293 	unsigned long ua_flags = user_access_save();
294 
295 	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
296 		goto out;
297 
298 	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "shift-out-of-bounds");
299 
300 	val_to_string(rhs_str, sizeof(rhs_str), rhs_type, rhs);
301 	val_to_string(lhs_str, sizeof(lhs_str), lhs_type, lhs);
302 
303 	if (val_is_negative(rhs_type, rhs))
304 		pr_err("shift exponent %s is negative\n", rhs_str);
305 
306 	else if (get_unsigned_val(rhs_type, rhs) >=
307 		type_bit_width(lhs_type))
308 		pr_err("shift exponent %s is too large for %u-bit type %s\n",
309 			rhs_str,
310 			type_bit_width(lhs_type),
311 			lhs_type->type_name);
312 	else if (val_is_negative(lhs_type, lhs))
313 		pr_err("left shift of negative value %s\n",
314 			lhs_str);
315 	else
316 		pr_err("left shift of %s by %s places cannot be"
317 			" represented in type %s\n",
318 			lhs_str, rhs_str,
319 			lhs_type->type_name);
320 
321 	ubsan_epilogue();
322 out:
323 	user_access_restore(ua_flags);
324 }
325 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds);
326 
327 
328 void __ubsan_handle_builtin_unreachable(void *_data)
329 {
330 	struct unreachable_data *data = _data;
331 	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "unreachable");
332 	pr_err("calling __builtin_unreachable()\n");
333 	ubsan_epilogue();
334 	panic("can't return from __builtin_unreachable()");
335 }
336 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_builtin_unreachable);
337 
338 void __ubsan_handle_load_invalid_value(void *_data, void *val)
339 {
340 	struct invalid_value_data *data = _data;
341 	char val_str[VALUE_LENGTH];
342 
343 	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
344 		return;
345 
346 	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "invalid-load");
347 
348 	val_to_string(val_str, sizeof(val_str), data->type, val);
349 
350 	pr_err("load of value %s is not a valid value for type %s\n",
351 		val_str, data->type->type_name);
352 
353 	ubsan_epilogue();
354 }
355 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_load_invalid_value);
356 
357 void __ubsan_handle_alignment_assumption(void *_data, unsigned long ptr,
358 					 unsigned long align,
359 					 unsigned long offset);
360 void __ubsan_handle_alignment_assumption(void *_data, unsigned long ptr,
361 					 unsigned long align,
362 					 unsigned long offset)
363 {
364 	struct alignment_assumption_data *data = _data;
365 	unsigned long real_ptr;
366 
367 	if (suppress_report(&data->location))
368 		return;
369 
370 	ubsan_prologue(&data->location, "alignment-assumption");
371 
372 	if (offset)
373 		pr_err("assumption of %lu byte alignment (with offset of %lu byte) for pointer of type %s failed",
374 		       align, offset, data->type->type_name);
375 	else
376 		pr_err("assumption of %lu byte alignment for pointer of type %s failed",
377 		       align, data->type->type_name);
378 
379 	real_ptr = ptr - offset;
380 	pr_err("%saddress is %lu aligned, misalignment offset is %lu bytes",
381 	       offset ? "offset " : "", BIT(real_ptr ? __ffs(real_ptr) : 0),
382 	       real_ptr & (align - 1));
383 
384 	ubsan_epilogue();
385 }
386 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__ubsan_handle_alignment_assumption);
387