xref: /linux/lib/string_helpers.c (revision 24c776355f4097316a763005434ffff716aa21a8)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * Helpers for formatting and printing strings
4  *
5  * Copyright 31 August 2008 James Bottomley
6  * Copyright (C) 2013, Intel Corporation
7  */
8 #include <linux/bug.h>
9 #include <linux/kernel.h>
10 #include <linux/math64.h>
11 #include <linux/export.h>
12 #include <linux/ctype.h>
13 #include <linux/device.h>
14 #include <linux/errno.h>
15 #include <linux/fs.h>
16 #include <linux/hex.h>
17 #include <linux/limits.h>
18 #include <linux/mm.h>
19 #include <linux/slab.h>
20 #include <linux/string.h>
21 #include <linux/string_helpers.h>
22 #include <kunit/test.h>
23 #include <kunit/test-bug.h>
24 
25 /**
26  * string_get_size - get the size in the specified units
27  * @size:	The size to be converted in blocks
28  * @blk_size:	Size of the block (use 1 for size in bytes)
29  * @units:	Units to use (powers of 1000 or 1024), whether to include space separator
30  * @buf:	buffer to format to
31  * @len:	length of buffer
32  *
33  * This function returns a string formatted to 3 significant figures
34  * giving the size in the required units.  @buf should have room for
35  * at least 9 bytes and will always be zero terminated.
36  *
37  * Return value: number of characters of output that would have been written
38  * (which may be greater than len, if output was truncated).
39  */
40 int string_get_size(u64 size, u64 blk_size, const enum string_size_units units,
41 		    char *buf, int len)
42 {
43 	enum string_size_units units_base = units & STRING_UNITS_MASK;
44 	static const char *const units_10[] = {
45 		"", "k", "M", "G", "T", "P", "E", "Z", "Y",
46 	};
47 	static const char *const units_2[] = {
48 		"", "Ki", "Mi", "Gi", "Ti", "Pi", "Ei", "Zi", "Yi",
49 	};
50 	static const char *const *const units_str[] = {
51 		[STRING_UNITS_10] = units_10,
52 		[STRING_UNITS_2] = units_2,
53 	};
54 	static const unsigned int divisor[] = {
55 		[STRING_UNITS_10] = 1000,
56 		[STRING_UNITS_2] = 1024,
57 	};
58 	static const unsigned int rounding[] = { 500, 50, 5 };
59 	int i = 0, j;
60 	u32 remainder = 0, sf_cap;
61 	char tmp[12];
62 	const char *unit;
63 
64 	tmp[0] = '\0';
65 
66 	if (blk_size == 0)
67 		size = 0;
68 	if (size == 0)
69 		goto out;
70 
71 	/* This is Napier's algorithm.  Reduce the original block size to
72 	 *
73 	 * coefficient * divisor[units_base]^i
74 	 *
75 	 * we do the reduction so both coefficients are just under 32 bits so
76 	 * that multiplying them together won't overflow 64 bits and we keep
77 	 * as much precision as possible in the numbers.
78 	 *
79 	 * Note: it's safe to throw away the remainders here because all the
80 	 * precision is in the coefficients.
81 	 */
82 	while (blk_size >> 32) {
83 		do_div(blk_size, divisor[units_base]);
84 		i++;
85 	}
86 
87 	while (size >> 32) {
88 		do_div(size, divisor[units_base]);
89 		i++;
90 	}
91 
92 	/* now perform the actual multiplication keeping i as the sum of the
93 	 * two logarithms */
94 	size *= blk_size;
95 
96 	/* and logarithmically reduce it until it's just under the divisor */
97 	while (size >= divisor[units_base]) {
98 		remainder = do_div(size, divisor[units_base]);
99 		i++;
100 	}
101 
102 	/* work out in j how many digits of precision we need from the
103 	 * remainder */
104 	sf_cap = size;
105 	for (j = 0; sf_cap*10 < 1000; j++)
106 		sf_cap *= 10;
107 
108 	if (units_base == STRING_UNITS_2) {
109 		/* express the remainder as a decimal.  It's currently the
110 		 * numerator of a fraction whose denominator is
111 		 * divisor[units_base], which is 1 << 10 for STRING_UNITS_2 */
112 		remainder *= 1000;
113 		remainder >>= 10;
114 	}
115 
116 	/* add a 5 to the digit below what will be printed to ensure
117 	 * an arithmetical round up and carry it through to size */
118 	remainder += rounding[j];
119 	if (remainder >= 1000) {
120 		remainder -= 1000;
121 		size += 1;
122 	}
123 
124 	if (j) {
125 		snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ".%03u", remainder);
126 		tmp[j+1] = '\0';
127 	}
128 
129  out:
130 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(units_2))
131 		unit = "UNK";
132 	else
133 		unit = units_str[units_base][i];
134 
135 	return snprintf(buf, len, "%u%s%s%s%s", (u32)size, tmp,
136 			(units & STRING_UNITS_NO_SPACE) ? "" : " ",
137 			unit,
138 			(units & STRING_UNITS_NO_BYTES) ? "" : "B");
139 }
140 EXPORT_SYMBOL(string_get_size);
141 
142 int parse_int_array(const char *buf, size_t count, int **array)
143 {
144 	int *ints, nints;
145 
146 	get_options(buf, 0, &nints);
147 	if (!nints)
148 		return -ENOENT;
149 
150 	ints = kcalloc(nints + 1, sizeof(*ints), GFP_KERNEL);
151 	if (!ints)
152 		return -ENOMEM;
153 
154 	get_options(buf, nints + 1, ints);
155 	*array = ints;
156 
157 	return 0;
158 }
159 EXPORT_SYMBOL(parse_int_array);
160 
161 /**
162  * parse_int_array_user - Split string into a sequence of integers
163  * @from:	The user space buffer to read from
164  * @count:	The maximum number of bytes to read
165  * @array:	Returned pointer to sequence of integers
166  *
167  * On success @array is allocated and initialized with a sequence of
168  * integers extracted from the @from plus an additional element that
169  * begins the sequence and specifies the integers count.
170  *
171  * Caller takes responsibility for freeing @array when it is no longer
172  * needed.
173  */
174 int parse_int_array_user(const char __user *from, size_t count, int **array)
175 {
176 	char *buf;
177 	int ret;
178 
179 	buf = memdup_user_nul(from, count);
180 	if (IS_ERR(buf))
181 		return PTR_ERR(buf);
182 
183 	ret = parse_int_array(buf, count, array);
184 	kfree(buf);
185 	return ret;
186 }
187 EXPORT_SYMBOL(parse_int_array_user);
188 
189 static bool unescape_space(char **src, char **dst)
190 {
191 	char *p = *dst, *q = *src;
192 
193 	switch (*q) {
194 	case 'n':
195 		*p = '\n';
196 		break;
197 	case 'r':
198 		*p = '\r';
199 		break;
200 	case 't':
201 		*p = '\t';
202 		break;
203 	case 'v':
204 		*p = '\v';
205 		break;
206 	case 'f':
207 		*p = '\f';
208 		break;
209 	default:
210 		return false;
211 	}
212 	*dst += 1;
213 	*src += 1;
214 	return true;
215 }
216 
217 static bool unescape_octal(char **src, char **dst)
218 {
219 	char *p = *dst, *q = *src;
220 	u8 num;
221 
222 	if (isodigit(*q) == 0)
223 		return false;
224 
225 	num = (*q++) & 7;
226 	while (num < 32 && isodigit(*q) && (q - *src < 3)) {
227 		num <<= 3;
228 		num += (*q++) & 7;
229 	}
230 	*p = num;
231 	*dst += 1;
232 	*src = q;
233 	return true;
234 }
235 
236 static bool unescape_hex(char **src, char **dst)
237 {
238 	char *p = *dst, *q = *src;
239 	int digit;
240 	u8 num;
241 
242 	if (*q++ != 'x')
243 		return false;
244 
245 	num = digit = hex_to_bin(*q++);
246 	if (digit < 0)
247 		return false;
248 
249 	digit = hex_to_bin(*q);
250 	if (digit >= 0) {
251 		q++;
252 		num = (num << 4) | digit;
253 	}
254 	*p = num;
255 	*dst += 1;
256 	*src = q;
257 	return true;
258 }
259 
260 static bool unescape_special(char **src, char **dst)
261 {
262 	char *p = *dst, *q = *src;
263 
264 	switch (*q) {
265 	case '\"':
266 		*p = '\"';
267 		break;
268 	case '\\':
269 		*p = '\\';
270 		break;
271 	case 'a':
272 		*p = '\a';
273 		break;
274 	case 'e':
275 		*p = '\e';
276 		break;
277 	default:
278 		return false;
279 	}
280 	*dst += 1;
281 	*src += 1;
282 	return true;
283 }
284 
285 /**
286  * string_unescape - unquote characters in the given string
287  * @src:	source buffer (escaped)
288  * @dst:	destination buffer (unescaped)
289  * @size:	size of the destination buffer (0 to unlimit)
290  * @flags:	combination of the flags.
291  *
292  * Description:
293  * The function unquotes characters in the given string.
294  *
295  * Because the size of the output will be the same as or less than the size of
296  * the input, the transformation may be performed in place.
297  *
298  * Caller must provide valid source and destination pointers. Be aware that
299  * destination buffer will always be NULL-terminated. Source string must be
300  * NULL-terminated as well.  The supported flags are::
301  *
302  *	UNESCAPE_SPACE:
303  *		'\f' - form feed
304  *		'\n' - new line
305  *		'\r' - carriage return
306  *		'\t' - horizontal tab
307  *		'\v' - vertical tab
308  *	UNESCAPE_OCTAL:
309  *		'\NNN' - byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
310  *	UNESCAPE_HEX:
311  *		'\xHH' - byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
312  *	UNESCAPE_SPECIAL:
313  *		'\"' - double quote
314  *		'\\' - backslash
315  *		'\a' - alert (BEL)
316  *		'\e' - escape
317  *	UNESCAPE_ANY:
318  *		all previous together
319  *
320  * Return:
321  * The amount of the characters processed to the destination buffer excluding
322  * trailing '\0' is returned.
323  */
324 int string_unescape(char *src, char *dst, size_t size, unsigned int flags)
325 {
326 	char *out = dst;
327 
328 	if (!size)
329 		size = SIZE_MAX;
330 
331 	while (*src && --size) {
332 		if (src[0] == '\\' && src[1] != '\0' && size > 1) {
333 			src++;
334 			size--;
335 
336 			if (flags & UNESCAPE_SPACE &&
337 					unescape_space(&src, &out))
338 				continue;
339 
340 			if (flags & UNESCAPE_OCTAL &&
341 					unescape_octal(&src, &out))
342 				continue;
343 
344 			if (flags & UNESCAPE_HEX &&
345 					unescape_hex(&src, &out))
346 				continue;
347 
348 			if (flags & UNESCAPE_SPECIAL &&
349 					unescape_special(&src, &out))
350 				continue;
351 
352 			*out++ = '\\';
353 		}
354 		*out++ = *src++;
355 	}
356 	*out = '\0';
357 
358 	return out - dst;
359 }
360 EXPORT_SYMBOL(string_unescape);
361 
362 static bool escape_passthrough(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
363 {
364 	char *out = *dst;
365 
366 	if (out < end)
367 		*out = c;
368 	*dst = out + 1;
369 	return true;
370 }
371 
372 static bool escape_space(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
373 {
374 	char *out = *dst;
375 	unsigned char to;
376 
377 	switch (c) {
378 	case '\n':
379 		to = 'n';
380 		break;
381 	case '\r':
382 		to = 'r';
383 		break;
384 	case '\t':
385 		to = 't';
386 		break;
387 	case '\v':
388 		to = 'v';
389 		break;
390 	case '\f':
391 		to = 'f';
392 		break;
393 	default:
394 		return false;
395 	}
396 
397 	if (out < end)
398 		*out = '\\';
399 	++out;
400 	if (out < end)
401 		*out = to;
402 	++out;
403 
404 	*dst = out;
405 	return true;
406 }
407 
408 static bool escape_special(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
409 {
410 	char *out = *dst;
411 	unsigned char to;
412 
413 	switch (c) {
414 	case '\\':
415 		to = '\\';
416 		break;
417 	case '\a':
418 		to = 'a';
419 		break;
420 	case '\e':
421 		to = 'e';
422 		break;
423 	case '"':
424 		to = '"';
425 		break;
426 	default:
427 		return false;
428 	}
429 
430 	if (out < end)
431 		*out = '\\';
432 	++out;
433 	if (out < end)
434 		*out = to;
435 	++out;
436 
437 	*dst = out;
438 	return true;
439 }
440 
441 static bool escape_null(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
442 {
443 	char *out = *dst;
444 
445 	if (c)
446 		return false;
447 
448 	if (out < end)
449 		*out = '\\';
450 	++out;
451 	if (out < end)
452 		*out = '0';
453 	++out;
454 
455 	*dst = out;
456 	return true;
457 }
458 
459 static bool escape_octal(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
460 {
461 	char *out = *dst;
462 
463 	if (out < end)
464 		*out = '\\';
465 	++out;
466 	if (out < end)
467 		*out = ((c >> 6) & 0x07) + '0';
468 	++out;
469 	if (out < end)
470 		*out = ((c >> 3) & 0x07) + '0';
471 	++out;
472 	if (out < end)
473 		*out = ((c >> 0) & 0x07) + '0';
474 	++out;
475 
476 	*dst = out;
477 	return true;
478 }
479 
480 static bool escape_hex(unsigned char c, char **dst, char *end)
481 {
482 	char *out = *dst;
483 
484 	if (out < end)
485 		*out = '\\';
486 	++out;
487 	if (out < end)
488 		*out = 'x';
489 	++out;
490 	if (out < end)
491 		*out = hex_asc_hi(c);
492 	++out;
493 	if (out < end)
494 		*out = hex_asc_lo(c);
495 	++out;
496 
497 	*dst = out;
498 	return true;
499 }
500 
501 /**
502  * string_escape_mem - quote characters in the given memory buffer
503  * @src:	source buffer (unescaped)
504  * @isz:	source buffer size
505  * @dst:	destination buffer (escaped)
506  * @osz:	destination buffer size
507  * @flags:	combination of the flags
508  * @only:	NULL-terminated string containing characters used to limit
509  *		the selected escape class. If characters are included in @only
510  *		that would not normally be escaped by the classes selected
511  *		in @flags, they will be copied to @dst unescaped.
512  *
513  * Description:
514  * The process of escaping byte buffer includes several parts. They are applied
515  * in the following sequence.
516  *
517  *	1. The character is not matched to the one from @only string and thus
518  *	   must go as-is to the output.
519  *	2. The character is matched to the printable and ASCII classes, if asked,
520  *	   and in case of match it passes through to the output.
521  *	3. The character is matched to the printable or ASCII class, if asked,
522  *	   and in case of match it passes through to the output.
523  *	4. The character is checked if it falls into the class given by @flags.
524  *	   %ESCAPE_OCTAL and %ESCAPE_HEX are going last since they cover any
525  *	   character. Note that they actually can't go together, otherwise
526  *	   %ESCAPE_HEX will be ignored.
527  *
528  * Caller must provide valid source and destination pointers. Be aware that
529  * destination buffer will not be NULL-terminated, thus caller have to append
530  * it if needs. The supported flags are::
531  *
532  *	%ESCAPE_SPACE: (special white space, not space itself)
533  *		'\f' - form feed
534  *		'\n' - new line
535  *		'\r' - carriage return
536  *		'\t' - horizontal tab
537  *		'\v' - vertical tab
538  *	%ESCAPE_SPECIAL:
539  *		'\"' - double quote
540  *		'\\' - backslash
541  *		'\a' - alert (BEL)
542  *		'\e' - escape
543  *	%ESCAPE_NULL:
544  *		'\0' - null
545  *	%ESCAPE_OCTAL:
546  *		'\NNN' - byte with octal value NNN (3 digits)
547  *	%ESCAPE_ANY:
548  *		all previous together
549  *	%ESCAPE_NP:
550  *		escape only non-printable characters, checked by isprint()
551  *	%ESCAPE_ANY_NP:
552  *		all previous together
553  *	%ESCAPE_HEX:
554  *		'\xHH' - byte with hexadecimal value HH (2 digits)
555  *	%ESCAPE_NA:
556  *		escape only non-ascii characters, checked by isascii()
557  *	%ESCAPE_NAP:
558  *		escape only non-printable or non-ascii characters
559  *	%ESCAPE_APPEND:
560  *		append characters from @only to be escaped by the given classes
561  *
562  * %ESCAPE_APPEND would help to pass additional characters to the escaped, when
563  * one of %ESCAPE_NP, %ESCAPE_NA, or %ESCAPE_NAP is provided.
564  *
565  * One notable caveat, the %ESCAPE_NAP, %ESCAPE_NP and %ESCAPE_NA have the
566  * higher priority than the rest of the flags (%ESCAPE_NAP is the highest).
567  * It doesn't make much sense to use either of them without %ESCAPE_OCTAL
568  * or %ESCAPE_HEX, because they cover most of the other character classes.
569  * %ESCAPE_NAP can utilize %ESCAPE_SPACE or %ESCAPE_SPECIAL in addition to
570  * the above.
571  *
572  * Return:
573  * The total size of the escaped output that would be generated for
574  * the given input and flags. To check whether the output was
575  * truncated, compare the return value to osz. There is room left in
576  * dst for a '\0' terminator if and only if ret < osz.
577  */
578 int string_escape_mem(const char *src, size_t isz, char *dst, size_t osz,
579 		      unsigned int flags, const char *only)
580 {
581 	char *p = dst;
582 	char *end = p + osz;
583 	bool is_dict = only && *only;
584 	bool is_append = flags & ESCAPE_APPEND;
585 
586 	while (isz--) {
587 		unsigned char c = *src++;
588 		bool in_dict = is_dict && strchr(only, c);
589 
590 		/*
591 		 * Apply rules in the following sequence:
592 		 *	- the @only string is supplied and does not contain a
593 		 *	  character under question
594 		 *	- the character is printable and ASCII, when @flags has
595 		 *	  %ESCAPE_NAP bit set
596 		 *	- the character is printable, when @flags has
597 		 *	  %ESCAPE_NP bit set
598 		 *	- the character is ASCII, when @flags has
599 		 *	  %ESCAPE_NA bit set
600 		 *	- the character doesn't fall into a class of symbols
601 		 *	  defined by given @flags
602 		 * In these cases we just pass through a character to the
603 		 * output buffer.
604 		 *
605 		 * When %ESCAPE_APPEND is passed, the characters from @only
606 		 * have been excluded from the %ESCAPE_NAP, %ESCAPE_NP, and
607 		 * %ESCAPE_NA cases.
608 		 */
609 		if (!(is_append || in_dict) && is_dict &&
610 					  escape_passthrough(c, &p, end))
611 			continue;
612 
613 		if (!(is_append && in_dict) && isascii(c) && isprint(c) &&
614 		    flags & ESCAPE_NAP && escape_passthrough(c, &p, end))
615 			continue;
616 
617 		if (!(is_append && in_dict) && isprint(c) &&
618 		    flags & ESCAPE_NP && escape_passthrough(c, &p, end))
619 			continue;
620 
621 		if (!(is_append && in_dict) && isascii(c) &&
622 		    flags & ESCAPE_NA && escape_passthrough(c, &p, end))
623 			continue;
624 
625 		if (flags & ESCAPE_SPACE && escape_space(c, &p, end))
626 			continue;
627 
628 		if (flags & ESCAPE_SPECIAL && escape_special(c, &p, end))
629 			continue;
630 
631 		if (flags & ESCAPE_NULL && escape_null(c, &p, end))
632 			continue;
633 
634 		/* ESCAPE_OCTAL and ESCAPE_HEX always go last */
635 		if (flags & ESCAPE_OCTAL && escape_octal(c, &p, end))
636 			continue;
637 
638 		if (flags & ESCAPE_HEX && escape_hex(c, &p, end))
639 			continue;
640 
641 		escape_passthrough(c, &p, end);
642 	}
643 
644 	return p - dst;
645 }
646 EXPORT_SYMBOL(string_escape_mem);
647 
648 /*
649  * Return an allocated string that has been escaped of special characters
650  * and double quotes, making it safe to log in quotes.
651  */
652 char *kstrdup_quotable(const char *src, gfp_t gfp)
653 {
654 	size_t slen, dlen;
655 	char *dst;
656 	const int flags = ESCAPE_HEX;
657 	const char esc[] = "\f\n\r\t\v\a\e\\\"";
658 
659 	if (!src)
660 		return NULL;
661 	slen = strlen(src);
662 
663 	dlen = string_escape_mem(src, slen, NULL, 0, flags, esc);
664 	dst = kmalloc(dlen + 1, gfp);
665 	if (!dst)
666 		return NULL;
667 
668 	WARN_ON(string_escape_mem(src, slen, dst, dlen, flags, esc) != dlen);
669 	dst[dlen] = '\0';
670 
671 	return dst;
672 }
673 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kstrdup_quotable);
674 
675 /*
676  * Returns allocated NULL-terminated string containing process
677  * command line, with inter-argument NULLs replaced with spaces,
678  * and other special characters escaped.
679  */
680 char *kstrdup_quotable_cmdline(struct task_struct *task, gfp_t gfp)
681 {
682 	char *buffer, *quoted;
683 	int i, res;
684 
685 	buffer = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
686 	if (!buffer)
687 		return NULL;
688 
689 	res = get_cmdline(task, buffer, PAGE_SIZE - 1);
690 	buffer[res] = '\0';
691 
692 	/* Collapse trailing NULLs, leave res pointing to last non-NULL. */
693 	while (--res >= 0 && buffer[res] == '\0')
694 		;
695 
696 	/* Replace inter-argument NULLs. */
697 	for (i = 0; i <= res; i++)
698 		if (buffer[i] == '\0')
699 			buffer[i] = ' ';
700 
701 	/* Make sure result is printable. */
702 	quoted = kstrdup_quotable(buffer, gfp);
703 	kfree(buffer);
704 	return quoted;
705 }
706 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kstrdup_quotable_cmdline);
707 
708 /*
709  * Returns allocated NULL-terminated string containing pathname,
710  * with special characters escaped, able to be safely logged. If
711  * there is an error, the leading character will be "<".
712  */
713 char *kstrdup_quotable_file(struct file *file, gfp_t gfp)
714 {
715 	char *temp, *pathname;
716 
717 	if (!file)
718 		return kstrdup("<unknown>", gfp);
719 
720 	/* We add 11 spaces for ' (deleted)' to be appended */
721 	temp = kmalloc(PATH_MAX + 11, GFP_KERNEL);
722 	if (!temp)
723 		return kstrdup("<no_memory>", gfp);
724 
725 	pathname = file_path(file, temp, PATH_MAX + 11);
726 	if (IS_ERR(pathname))
727 		pathname = kstrdup("<too_long>", gfp);
728 	else
729 		pathname = kstrdup_quotable(pathname, gfp);
730 
731 	kfree(temp);
732 	return pathname;
733 }
734 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kstrdup_quotable_file);
735 
736 /*
737  * Returns duplicate string in which the @old characters are replaced by @new.
738  */
739 char *kstrdup_and_replace(const char *src, char old, char new, gfp_t gfp)
740 {
741 	char *dst;
742 
743 	dst = kstrdup(src, gfp);
744 	if (!dst)
745 		return NULL;
746 
747 	return strreplace(dst, old, new);
748 }
749 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kstrdup_and_replace);
750 
751 /**
752  * kasprintf_strarray - allocate and fill array of sequential strings
753  * @gfp: flags for the slab allocator
754  * @prefix: prefix to be used
755  * @n: amount of lines to be allocated and filled
756  *
757  * Allocates and fills @n strings using pattern "%s-%zu", where prefix
758  * is provided by caller. The caller is responsible to free them with
759  * kfree_strarray() after use.
760  *
761  * Returns array of strings or NULL when memory can't be allocated.
762  */
763 char **kasprintf_strarray(gfp_t gfp, const char *prefix, size_t n)
764 {
765 	char **names;
766 	size_t i;
767 
768 	names = kcalloc(n + 1, sizeof(char *), gfp);
769 	if (!names)
770 		return NULL;
771 
772 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
773 		names[i] = kasprintf(gfp, "%s-%zu", prefix, i);
774 		if (!names[i]) {
775 			kfree_strarray(names, i);
776 			return NULL;
777 		}
778 	}
779 
780 	return names;
781 }
782 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kasprintf_strarray);
783 
784 /**
785  * kfree_strarray - free a number of dynamically allocated strings contained
786  *                  in an array and the array itself
787  *
788  * @array: Dynamically allocated array of strings to free.
789  * @n: Number of strings (starting from the beginning of the array) to free.
790  *
791  * Passing a non-NULL @array and @n == 0 as well as NULL @array are valid
792  * use-cases. If @array is NULL, the function does nothing.
793  */
794 void kfree_strarray(char **array, size_t n)
795 {
796 	unsigned int i;
797 
798 	if (!array)
799 		return;
800 
801 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
802 		kfree(array[i]);
803 	kfree(array);
804 }
805 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kfree_strarray);
806 
807 struct strarray {
808 	char **array;
809 	size_t n;
810 };
811 
812 static void devm_kfree_strarray(struct device *dev, void *res)
813 {
814 	struct strarray *array = res;
815 
816 	kfree_strarray(array->array, array->n);
817 }
818 
819 char **devm_kasprintf_strarray(struct device *dev, const char *prefix, size_t n)
820 {
821 	struct strarray *ptr;
822 
823 	ptr = devres_alloc(devm_kfree_strarray, sizeof(*ptr), GFP_KERNEL);
824 	if (!ptr)
825 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
826 
827 	ptr->array = kasprintf_strarray(GFP_KERNEL, prefix, n);
828 	if (!ptr->array) {
829 		devres_free(ptr);
830 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
831 	}
832 
833 	ptr->n = n;
834 	devres_add(dev, ptr);
835 
836 	return ptr->array;
837 }
838 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_kasprintf_strarray);
839 
840 /**
841  * skip_spaces - Removes leading whitespace from @str.
842  * @str: The string to be stripped.
843  *
844  * Returns a pointer to the first non-whitespace character in @str.
845  */
846 char *skip_spaces(const char *str)
847 {
848 	while (isspace(*str))
849 		++str;
850 	return (char *)str;
851 }
852 EXPORT_SYMBOL(skip_spaces);
853 
854 /**
855  * strim - Removes leading and trailing whitespace from @s.
856  * @s: The string to be stripped.
857  *
858  * Note that the first trailing whitespace is replaced with a %NUL-terminator
859  * in the given string @s. Returns a pointer to the first non-whitespace
860  * character in @s.
861  */
862 char *strim(char *s)
863 {
864 	size_t size;
865 	char *end;
866 
867 	size = strlen(s);
868 	if (!size)
869 		return s;
870 
871 	end = s + size - 1;
872 	while (end >= s && isspace(*end))
873 		end--;
874 	*(end + 1) = '\0';
875 
876 	return skip_spaces(s);
877 }
878 EXPORT_SYMBOL(strim);
879 
880 /**
881  * sysfs_streq - return true if strings are equal, modulo trailing newline
882  * @s1: one string
883  * @s2: another string
884  *
885  * This routine returns true iff two strings are equal, treating both
886  * NUL and newline-then-NUL as equivalent string terminations.  It's
887  * geared for use with sysfs input strings, which generally terminate
888  * with newlines but are compared against values without newlines.
889  */
890 bool sysfs_streq(const char *s1, const char *s2)
891 {
892 	while (*s1 && *s1 == *s2) {
893 		s1++;
894 		s2++;
895 	}
896 
897 	if (*s1 == *s2)
898 		return true;
899 	if (!*s1 && *s2 == '\n' && !s2[1])
900 		return true;
901 	if (*s1 == '\n' && !s1[1] && !*s2)
902 		return true;
903 	return false;
904 }
905 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sysfs_streq);
906 
907 /**
908  * match_string - matches given string in an array
909  * @array:	array of strings
910  * @n:		number of strings in the array or -1 for NULL terminated arrays
911  * @string:	string to match with
912  *
913  * This routine will look for a string in an array of strings up to the
914  * n-th element in the array or until the first NULL element.
915  *
916  * Historically the value of -1 for @n, was used to search in arrays that
917  * are NULL terminated. However, the function does not make a distinction
918  * when finishing the search: either @n elements have been compared OR
919  * the first NULL element was found.
920  *
921  * Return:
922  * index of a @string in the @array if matches, or %-EINVAL otherwise.
923  */
924 int match_string(const char * const *array, size_t n, const char *string)
925 {
926 	int index;
927 	const char *item;
928 
929 	for (index = 0; index < n; index++) {
930 		item = array[index];
931 		if (!item)
932 			break;
933 		if (!strcmp(item, string))
934 			return index;
935 	}
936 
937 	return -EINVAL;
938 }
939 EXPORT_SYMBOL(match_string);
940 
941 /**
942  * __sysfs_match_string - matches given string in an array
943  * @array: array of strings
944  * @n: number of strings in the array or -1 for NULL terminated arrays
945  * @str: string to match with
946  *
947  * Returns index of @str in the @array or -EINVAL, just like match_string().
948  * Uses sysfs_streq instead of strcmp for matching.
949  *
950  * This routine will look for a string in an array of strings up to the
951  * n-th element in the array or until the first NULL element.
952  *
953  * Historically the value of -1 for @n, was used to search in arrays that
954  * are NULL terminated. However, the function does not make a distinction
955  * when finishing the search: either @n elements have been compared OR
956  * the first NULL element was found.
957  */
958 int __sysfs_match_string(const char * const *array, size_t n, const char *str)
959 {
960 	const char *item;
961 	int index;
962 
963 	for (index = 0; index < n; index++) {
964 		item = array[index];
965 		if (!item)
966 			break;
967 		if (sysfs_streq(item, str))
968 			return index;
969 	}
970 
971 	return -EINVAL;
972 }
973 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__sysfs_match_string);
974 
975 /**
976  * strreplace - Replace all occurrences of character in string.
977  * @str: The string to operate on.
978  * @old: The character being replaced.
979  * @new: The character @old is replaced with.
980  *
981  * Replaces the each @old character with a @new one in the given string @str.
982  *
983  * Return: pointer to the string @str itself.
984  */
985 char *strreplace(char *str, char old, char new)
986 {
987 	char *s = str;
988 
989 	for (; *s; ++s)
990 		if (*s == old)
991 			*s = new;
992 	return str;
993 }
994 EXPORT_SYMBOL(strreplace);
995 
996 /**
997  * memcpy_and_pad - Copy one buffer to another with padding
998  * @dest: Where to copy to
999  * @dest_len: The destination buffer size
1000  * @src: Where to copy from
1001  * @count: The number of bytes to copy
1002  * @pad: Character to use for padding if space is left in destination.
1003  */
1004 void memcpy_and_pad(void *dest, size_t dest_len, const void *src, size_t count,
1005 		    int pad)
1006 {
1007 	if (dest_len > count) {
1008 		memcpy(dest, src, count);
1009 		memset(dest + count, pad,  dest_len - count);
1010 	} else {
1011 		memcpy(dest, src, dest_len);
1012 	}
1013 }
1014 EXPORT_SYMBOL(memcpy_and_pad);
1015 
1016 #ifdef CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE
1017 /* These are placeholders for fortify compile-time warnings. */
1018 void __read_overflow2_field(size_t avail, size_t wanted) { }
1019 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__read_overflow2_field);
1020 void __write_overflow_field(size_t avail, size_t wanted) { }
1021 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__write_overflow_field);
1022 
1023 static const char * const fortify_func_name[] = {
1024 #define MAKE_FORTIFY_FUNC_NAME(func)	[MAKE_FORTIFY_FUNC(func)] = #func
1025 	EACH_FORTIFY_FUNC(MAKE_FORTIFY_FUNC_NAME)
1026 #undef  MAKE_FORTIFY_FUNC_NAME
1027 };
1028 
1029 void __fortify_report(const u8 reason, const size_t avail, const size_t size)
1030 {
1031 	const u8 func = FORTIFY_REASON_FUNC(reason);
1032 	const bool write = FORTIFY_REASON_DIR(reason);
1033 	const char *name;
1034 
1035 	name = fortify_func_name[umin(func, FORTIFY_FUNC_UNKNOWN)];
1036 	WARN(1, "%s: detected buffer overflow: %zu byte %s of buffer size %zu\n",
1037 		 name, size, str_read_write(!write), avail);
1038 }
1039 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__fortify_report);
1040 
1041 void __fortify_panic(const u8 reason, const size_t avail, const size_t size)
1042 {
1043 	__fortify_report(reason, avail, size);
1044 	BUG();
1045 }
1046 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__fortify_panic);
1047 #endif /* CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE */
1048