xref: /linux/kernel/torture.c (revision 83869019c74cc2d01c96a3be2463a4eebe362224)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * Common functions for in-kernel torture tests.
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2014
6  *
7  * Author: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  *	Based on kernel/rcu/torture.c.
9  */
10 
11 #define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt
12 
13 #include <linux/types.h>
14 #include <linux/kernel.h>
15 #include <linux/init.h>
16 #include <linux/module.h>
17 #include <linux/kthread.h>
18 #include <linux/err.h>
19 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
20 #include <linux/smp.h>
21 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
22 #include <linux/sched.h>
23 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
24 #include <linux/atomic.h>
25 #include <linux/bitops.h>
26 #include <linux/completion.h>
27 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
28 #include <linux/percpu.h>
29 #include <linux/notifier.h>
30 #include <linux/reboot.h>
31 #include <linux/freezer.h>
32 #include <linux/cpu.h>
33 #include <linux/delay.h>
34 #include <linux/stat.h>
35 #include <linux/slab.h>
36 #include <linux/trace_clock.h>
37 #include <linux/ktime.h>
38 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
39 #include <linux/torture.h>
40 #include "rcu/rcu.h"
41 
42 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
43 MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>");
44 
45 static bool disable_onoff_at_boot;
46 module_param(disable_onoff_at_boot, bool, 0444);
47 
48 static bool ftrace_dump_at_shutdown;
49 module_param(ftrace_dump_at_shutdown, bool, 0444);
50 
51 static int verbose_sleep_frequency;
52 module_param(verbose_sleep_frequency, int, 0444);
53 
54 static int verbose_sleep_duration = 1;
55 module_param(verbose_sleep_duration, int, 0444);
56 
57 static char *torture_type;
58 static int verbose;
59 
60 /* Mediate rmmod and system shutdown.  Concurrent rmmod & shutdown illegal! */
61 #define FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP 0	/* Normal operation. */
62 #define FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN 1	/* System shutdown with torture running. */
63 #define FULLSTOP_RMMOD    2	/* Normal rmmod of torture. */
64 static int fullstop = FULLSTOP_RMMOD;
65 static DEFINE_MUTEX(fullstop_mutex);
66 
67 static atomic_t verbose_sleep_counter;
68 
69 /*
70  * Sleep if needed from VERBOSE_TOROUT*().
71  */
72 void verbose_torout_sleep(void)
73 {
74 	if (verbose_sleep_frequency > 0 &&
75 	    verbose_sleep_duration > 0 &&
76 	    !(atomic_inc_return(&verbose_sleep_counter) % verbose_sleep_frequency))
77 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(verbose_sleep_duration);
78 }
79 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(verbose_torout_sleep);
80 
81 /*
82  * Schedule a high-resolution-timer sleep in nanoseconds, with a 32-bit
83  * nanosecond random fuzz.  This function and its friends desynchronize
84  * testing from the timer wheel.
85  */
86 int torture_hrtimeout_ns(ktime_t baset_ns, u32 fuzzt_ns, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
87 {
88 	ktime_t hto = baset_ns;
89 
90 	if (trsp)
91 		hto += (torture_random(trsp) >> 3) % fuzzt_ns;
92 	set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
93 	return schedule_hrtimeout(&hto, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
94 }
95 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_hrtimeout_ns);
96 
97 /*
98  * Schedule a high-resolution-timer sleep in microseconds, with a 32-bit
99  * nanosecond (not microsecond!) random fuzz.
100  */
101 int torture_hrtimeout_us(u32 baset_us, u32 fuzzt_ns, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
102 {
103 	ktime_t baset_ns = baset_us * NSEC_PER_USEC;
104 
105 	return torture_hrtimeout_ns(baset_ns, fuzzt_ns, trsp);
106 }
107 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_hrtimeout_us);
108 
109 /*
110  * Schedule a high-resolution-timer sleep in milliseconds, with a 32-bit
111  * microsecond (not millisecond!) random fuzz.
112  */
113 int torture_hrtimeout_ms(u32 baset_ms, u32 fuzzt_us, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
114 {
115 	ktime_t baset_ns = baset_ms * NSEC_PER_MSEC;
116 	u32 fuzzt_ns;
117 
118 	if ((u32)~0U / NSEC_PER_USEC < fuzzt_us)
119 		fuzzt_ns = (u32)~0U;
120 	else
121 		fuzzt_ns = fuzzt_us * NSEC_PER_USEC;
122 	return torture_hrtimeout_ns(baset_ns, fuzzt_ns, trsp);
123 }
124 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_hrtimeout_ms);
125 
126 /*
127  * Schedule a high-resolution-timer sleep in jiffies, with an
128  * implied one-jiffy random fuzz.  This is intended to replace calls to
129  * schedule_timeout_interruptible() and friends.
130  */
131 int torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(u32 baset_j, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
132 {
133 	ktime_t baset_ns = jiffies_to_nsecs(baset_j);
134 
135 	return torture_hrtimeout_ns(baset_ns, jiffies_to_nsecs(1), trsp);
136 }
137 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_hrtimeout_jiffies);
138 
139 /*
140  * Schedule a high-resolution-timer sleep in milliseconds, with a 32-bit
141  * millisecond (not second!) random fuzz.
142  */
143 int torture_hrtimeout_s(u32 baset_s, u32 fuzzt_ms, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
144 {
145 	ktime_t baset_ns = baset_s * NSEC_PER_SEC;
146 	u32 fuzzt_ns;
147 
148 	if ((u32)~0U / NSEC_PER_MSEC < fuzzt_ms)
149 		fuzzt_ns = (u32)~0U;
150 	else
151 		fuzzt_ns = fuzzt_ms * NSEC_PER_MSEC;
152 	return torture_hrtimeout_ns(baset_ns, fuzzt_ns, trsp);
153 }
154 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_hrtimeout_s);
155 
156 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
157 
158 /*
159  * Variables for online-offline handling.  Only present if CPU hotplug
160  * is enabled, otherwise does nothing.
161  */
162 
163 static struct task_struct *onoff_task;
164 static long onoff_holdoff;
165 static long onoff_interval;
166 static torture_ofl_func *onoff_f;
167 static long n_offline_attempts;
168 static long n_offline_successes;
169 static unsigned long sum_offline;
170 static int min_offline = -1;
171 static int max_offline;
172 static long n_online_attempts;
173 static long n_online_successes;
174 static unsigned long sum_online;
175 static int min_online = -1;
176 static int max_online;
177 
178 static int torture_online_cpus = NR_CPUS;
179 
180 /*
181  * Some torture testing leverages confusion as to the number of online
182  * CPUs.  This function returns the torture-testing view of this number,
183  * which allows torture tests to load-balance appropriately.
184  */
185 int torture_num_online_cpus(void)
186 {
187 	return READ_ONCE(torture_online_cpus);
188 }
189 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_num_online_cpus);
190 
191 /*
192  * Attempt to take a CPU offline.  Return false if the CPU is already
193  * offline or if it is not subject to CPU-hotplug operations.  The
194  * caller can detect other failures by looking at the statistics.
195  */
196 bool torture_offline(int cpu, long *n_offl_attempts, long *n_offl_successes,
197 		     unsigned long *sum_offl, int *min_offl, int *max_offl)
198 {
199 	unsigned long delta;
200 	int ret;
201 	char *s;
202 	unsigned long starttime;
203 
204 	if (!cpu_online(cpu) || !cpu_is_hotpluggable(cpu))
205 		return false;
206 	if (num_online_cpus() <= 1)
207 		return false;  /* Can't offline the last CPU. */
208 
209 	if (verbose > 1)
210 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
211 			 "torture_onoff task: offlining %d\n",
212 			 torture_type, cpu);
213 	starttime = jiffies;
214 	(*n_offl_attempts)++;
215 	ret = remove_cpu(cpu);
216 	if (ret) {
217 		s = "";
218 		if (!rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() && ret == -EBUSY) {
219 			// PCI probe frequently disables hotplug during boot.
220 			(*n_offl_attempts)--;
221 			s = " (-EBUSY forgiven during boot)";
222 		}
223 		if (verbose)
224 			pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
225 				 "torture_onoff task: offline %d failed%s: errno %d\n",
226 				 torture_type, cpu, s, ret);
227 	} else {
228 		if (verbose > 1)
229 			pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
230 				 "torture_onoff task: offlined %d\n",
231 				 torture_type, cpu);
232 		if (onoff_f)
233 			onoff_f();
234 		(*n_offl_successes)++;
235 		delta = jiffies - starttime;
236 		*sum_offl += delta;
237 		if (*min_offl < 0) {
238 			*min_offl = delta;
239 			*max_offl = delta;
240 		}
241 		if (*min_offl > delta)
242 			*min_offl = delta;
243 		if (*max_offl < delta)
244 			*max_offl = delta;
245 		WRITE_ONCE(torture_online_cpus, torture_online_cpus - 1);
246 		WARN_ON_ONCE(torture_online_cpus <= 0);
247 	}
248 
249 	return true;
250 }
251 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_offline);
252 
253 /*
254  * Attempt to bring a CPU online.  Return false if the CPU is already
255  * online or if it is not subject to CPU-hotplug operations.  The
256  * caller can detect other failures by looking at the statistics.
257  */
258 bool torture_online(int cpu, long *n_onl_attempts, long *n_onl_successes,
259 		    unsigned long *sum_onl, int *min_onl, int *max_onl)
260 {
261 	unsigned long delta;
262 	int ret;
263 	char *s;
264 	unsigned long starttime;
265 
266 	if (cpu_online(cpu) || !cpu_is_hotpluggable(cpu))
267 		return false;
268 
269 	if (verbose > 1)
270 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
271 			 "torture_onoff task: onlining %d\n",
272 			 torture_type, cpu);
273 	starttime = jiffies;
274 	(*n_onl_attempts)++;
275 	ret = add_cpu(cpu);
276 	if (ret) {
277 		s = "";
278 		if (!rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() && ret == -EBUSY) {
279 			// PCI probe frequently disables hotplug during boot.
280 			(*n_onl_attempts)--;
281 			s = " (-EBUSY forgiven during boot)";
282 		}
283 		if (verbose)
284 			pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
285 				 "torture_onoff task: online %d failed%s: errno %d\n",
286 				 torture_type, cpu, s, ret);
287 	} else {
288 		if (verbose > 1)
289 			pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
290 				 "torture_onoff task: onlined %d\n",
291 				 torture_type, cpu);
292 		(*n_onl_successes)++;
293 		delta = jiffies - starttime;
294 		*sum_onl += delta;
295 		if (*min_onl < 0) {
296 			*min_onl = delta;
297 			*max_onl = delta;
298 		}
299 		if (*min_onl > delta)
300 			*min_onl = delta;
301 		if (*max_onl < delta)
302 			*max_onl = delta;
303 		WRITE_ONCE(torture_online_cpus, torture_online_cpus + 1);
304 	}
305 
306 	return true;
307 }
308 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_online);
309 
310 /*
311  * Get everything online at the beginning and ends of tests.
312  */
313 static void torture_online_all(char *phase)
314 {
315 	int cpu;
316 	int ret;
317 
318 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
319 		if (cpu_online(cpu))
320 			continue;
321 		ret = add_cpu(cpu);
322 		if (ret && verbose) {
323 			pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
324 				 "%s: %s online %d: errno %d\n",
325 				 __func__, phase, torture_type, cpu, ret);
326 		}
327 	}
328 }
329 
330 /*
331  * Execute random CPU-hotplug operations at the interval specified
332  * by the onoff_interval.
333  */
334 static int
335 torture_onoff(void *arg)
336 {
337 	int cpu;
338 	int maxcpu = -1;
339 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
340 
341 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_onoff task started");
342 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
343 		maxcpu = cpu;
344 	WARN_ON(maxcpu < 0);
345 	torture_online_all("Initial");
346 	if (maxcpu == 0) {
347 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Only one CPU, so CPU-hotplug testing is disabled");
348 		goto stop;
349 	}
350 
351 	if (onoff_holdoff > 0) {
352 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_onoff begin holdoff");
353 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(onoff_holdoff);
354 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_onoff end holdoff");
355 	}
356 	while (!torture_must_stop()) {
357 		if (disable_onoff_at_boot && !rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended()) {
358 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
359 			continue;
360 		}
361 		cpu = (torture_random(&rand) >> 4) % (maxcpu + 1);
362 		if (!torture_offline(cpu,
363 				     &n_offline_attempts, &n_offline_successes,
364 				     &sum_offline, &min_offline, &max_offline))
365 			torture_online(cpu,
366 				       &n_online_attempts, &n_online_successes,
367 				       &sum_online, &min_online, &max_online);
368 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(onoff_interval);
369 	}
370 
371 stop:
372 	torture_kthread_stopping("torture_onoff");
373 	torture_online_all("Final");
374 	return 0;
375 }
376 
377 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
378 
379 /*
380  * Initiate online-offline handling.
381  */
382 int torture_onoff_init(long ooholdoff, long oointerval, torture_ofl_func *f)
383 {
384 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
385 	onoff_holdoff = ooholdoff;
386 	onoff_interval = oointerval;
387 	onoff_f = f;
388 	if (onoff_interval <= 0)
389 		return 0;
390 	return torture_create_kthread(torture_onoff, NULL, onoff_task);
391 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
392 	return 0;
393 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
394 }
395 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_onoff_init);
396 
397 /*
398  * Clean up after online/offline testing.
399  */
400 static void torture_onoff_cleanup(void)
401 {
402 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
403 	if (onoff_task == NULL)
404 		return;
405 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Stopping torture_onoff task");
406 	kthread_stop(onoff_task);
407 	onoff_task = NULL;
408 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
409 }
410 
411 /*
412  * Print online/offline testing statistics.
413  */
414 void torture_onoff_stats(void)
415 {
416 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
417 	pr_cont("onoff: %ld/%ld:%ld/%ld %d,%d:%d,%d %lu:%lu (HZ=%d) ",
418 		n_online_successes, n_online_attempts,
419 		n_offline_successes, n_offline_attempts,
420 		min_online, max_online,
421 		min_offline, max_offline,
422 		sum_online, sum_offline, HZ);
423 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
424 }
425 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_onoff_stats);
426 
427 /*
428  * Were all the online/offline operations successful?
429  */
430 bool torture_onoff_failures(void)
431 {
432 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
433 	return n_online_successes != n_online_attempts ||
434 	       n_offline_successes != n_offline_attempts;
435 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
436 	return false;
437 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
438 }
439 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_onoff_failures);
440 
441 #define TORTURE_RANDOM_MULT	39916801  /* prime */
442 #define TORTURE_RANDOM_ADD	479001701 /* prime */
443 #define TORTURE_RANDOM_REFRESH	10000
444 
445 /*
446  * Crude but fast random-number generator.  Uses a linear congruential
447  * generator, with occasional help from cpu_clock().
448  */
449 unsigned long
450 torture_random(struct torture_random_state *trsp)
451 {
452 	if (--trsp->trs_count < 0) {
453 		trsp->trs_state += (unsigned long)local_clock();
454 		trsp->trs_count = TORTURE_RANDOM_REFRESH;
455 	}
456 	trsp->trs_state = trsp->trs_state * TORTURE_RANDOM_MULT +
457 		TORTURE_RANDOM_ADD;
458 	return swahw32(trsp->trs_state);
459 }
460 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_random);
461 
462 /*
463  * Variables for shuffling.  The idea is to ensure that each CPU stays
464  * idle for an extended period to test interactions with dyntick idle,
465  * as well as interactions with any per-CPU variables.
466  */
467 struct shuffle_task {
468 	struct list_head st_l;
469 	struct task_struct *st_t;
470 };
471 
472 static long shuffle_interval;	/* In jiffies. */
473 static struct task_struct *shuffler_task;
474 static cpumask_var_t shuffle_tmp_mask;
475 static int shuffle_idle_cpu;	/* Force all torture tasks off this CPU */
476 static struct list_head shuffle_task_list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(shuffle_task_list);
477 static DEFINE_MUTEX(shuffle_task_mutex);
478 
479 /*
480  * Register a task to be shuffled.  If there is no memory, just splat
481  * and don't bother registering.
482  */
483 void torture_shuffle_task_register(struct task_struct *tp)
484 {
485 	struct shuffle_task *stp;
486 
487 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(tp == NULL))
488 		return;
489 	stp = kmalloc(sizeof(*stp), GFP_KERNEL);
490 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(stp == NULL))
491 		return;
492 	stp->st_t = tp;
493 	mutex_lock(&shuffle_task_mutex);
494 	list_add(&stp->st_l, &shuffle_task_list);
495 	mutex_unlock(&shuffle_task_mutex);
496 }
497 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_shuffle_task_register);
498 
499 /*
500  * Unregister all tasks, for example, at the end of the torture run.
501  */
502 static void torture_shuffle_task_unregister_all(void)
503 {
504 	struct shuffle_task *stp;
505 	struct shuffle_task *p;
506 
507 	mutex_lock(&shuffle_task_mutex);
508 	list_for_each_entry_safe(stp, p, &shuffle_task_list, st_l) {
509 		list_del(&stp->st_l);
510 		kfree(stp);
511 	}
512 	mutex_unlock(&shuffle_task_mutex);
513 }
514 
515 /* Shuffle tasks such that we allow shuffle_idle_cpu to become idle.
516  * A special case is when shuffle_idle_cpu = -1, in which case we allow
517  * the tasks to run on all CPUs.
518  */
519 static void torture_shuffle_tasks(void)
520 {
521 	struct shuffle_task *stp;
522 
523 	cpumask_setall(shuffle_tmp_mask);
524 	cpus_read_lock();
525 
526 	/* No point in shuffling if there is only one online CPU (ex: UP) */
527 	if (num_online_cpus() == 1) {
528 		cpus_read_unlock();
529 		return;
530 	}
531 
532 	/* Advance to the next CPU.  Upon overflow, don't idle any CPUs. */
533 	shuffle_idle_cpu = cpumask_next(shuffle_idle_cpu, shuffle_tmp_mask);
534 	if (shuffle_idle_cpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
535 		shuffle_idle_cpu = -1;
536 	else
537 		cpumask_clear_cpu(shuffle_idle_cpu, shuffle_tmp_mask);
538 
539 	mutex_lock(&shuffle_task_mutex);
540 	list_for_each_entry(stp, &shuffle_task_list, st_l)
541 		set_cpus_allowed_ptr(stp->st_t, shuffle_tmp_mask);
542 	mutex_unlock(&shuffle_task_mutex);
543 
544 	cpus_read_unlock();
545 }
546 
547 /* Shuffle tasks across CPUs, with the intent of allowing each CPU in the
548  * system to become idle at a time and cut off its timer ticks. This is meant
549  * to test the support for such tickless idle CPU in RCU.
550  */
551 static int torture_shuffle(void *arg)
552 {
553 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_shuffle task started");
554 	do {
555 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(shuffle_interval);
556 		torture_shuffle_tasks();
557 		torture_shutdown_absorb("torture_shuffle");
558 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
559 	torture_kthread_stopping("torture_shuffle");
560 	return 0;
561 }
562 
563 /*
564  * Start the shuffler, with shuffint in jiffies.
565  */
566 int torture_shuffle_init(long shuffint)
567 {
568 	shuffle_interval = shuffint;
569 
570 	shuffle_idle_cpu = -1;
571 
572 	if (!alloc_cpumask_var(&shuffle_tmp_mask, GFP_KERNEL)) {
573 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_ERRSTRING("Failed to alloc mask");
574 		return -ENOMEM;
575 	}
576 
577 	/* Create the shuffler thread */
578 	return torture_create_kthread(torture_shuffle, NULL, shuffler_task);
579 }
580 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_shuffle_init);
581 
582 /*
583  * Stop the shuffling.
584  */
585 static void torture_shuffle_cleanup(void)
586 {
587 	torture_shuffle_task_unregister_all();
588 	if (shuffler_task) {
589 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Stopping torture_shuffle task");
590 		kthread_stop(shuffler_task);
591 		free_cpumask_var(shuffle_tmp_mask);
592 	}
593 	shuffler_task = NULL;
594 }
595 
596 /*
597  * Variables for auto-shutdown.  This allows "lights out" torture runs
598  * to be fully scripted.
599  */
600 static struct task_struct *shutdown_task;
601 static ktime_t shutdown_time;		/* time to system shutdown. */
602 static void (*torture_shutdown_hook)(void);
603 
604 /*
605  * Absorb kthreads into a kernel function that won't return, so that
606  * they won't ever access module text or data again.
607  */
608 void torture_shutdown_absorb(const char *title)
609 {
610 	while (READ_ONCE(fullstop) == FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN) {
611 		pr_notice("torture thread %s parking due to system shutdown\n",
612 			  title);
613 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
614 	}
615 }
616 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_shutdown_absorb);
617 
618 /*
619  * Cause the torture test to shutdown the system after the test has
620  * run for the time specified by the shutdown_secs parameter.
621  */
622 static int torture_shutdown(void *arg)
623 {
624 	ktime_t ktime_snap;
625 
626 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_shutdown task started");
627 	ktime_snap = ktime_get();
628 	while (ktime_before(ktime_snap, shutdown_time) &&
629 	       !torture_must_stop()) {
630 		if (verbose)
631 			pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
632 				 "torture_shutdown task: %llu ms remaining\n",
633 				 torture_type,
634 				 ktime_ms_delta(shutdown_time, ktime_snap));
635 		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
636 		schedule_hrtimeout(&shutdown_time, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
637 		ktime_snap = ktime_get();
638 	}
639 	if (torture_must_stop()) {
640 		torture_kthread_stopping("torture_shutdown");
641 		return 0;
642 	}
643 
644 	/* OK, shut down the system. */
645 
646 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_shutdown task shutting down system");
647 	shutdown_task = NULL;	/* Avoid self-kill deadlock. */
648 	if (torture_shutdown_hook)
649 		torture_shutdown_hook();
650 	else
651 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("No torture_shutdown_hook(), skipping.");
652 	if (ftrace_dump_at_shutdown)
653 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
654 	kernel_power_off();	/* Shut down the system. */
655 	return 0;
656 }
657 
658 /*
659  * Start up the shutdown task.
660  */
661 int torture_shutdown_init(int ssecs, void (*cleanup)(void))
662 {
663 	torture_shutdown_hook = cleanup;
664 	if (ssecs > 0) {
665 		shutdown_time = ktime_add(ktime_get(), ktime_set(ssecs, 0));
666 		return torture_create_kthread(torture_shutdown, NULL,
667 					     shutdown_task);
668 	}
669 	return 0;
670 }
671 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_shutdown_init);
672 
673 /*
674  * Detect and respond to a system shutdown.
675  */
676 static int torture_shutdown_notify(struct notifier_block *unused1,
677 				   unsigned long unused2, void *unused3)
678 {
679 	mutex_lock(&fullstop_mutex);
680 	if (READ_ONCE(fullstop) == FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP) {
681 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Unscheduled system shutdown detected");
682 		WRITE_ONCE(fullstop, FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN);
683 	} else {
684 		pr_warn("Concurrent rmmod and shutdown illegal!\n");
685 	}
686 	mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
687 	return NOTIFY_DONE;
688 }
689 
690 static struct notifier_block torture_shutdown_nb = {
691 	.notifier_call = torture_shutdown_notify,
692 };
693 
694 /*
695  * Shut down the shutdown task.  Say what???  Heh!  This can happen if
696  * the torture module gets an rmmod before the shutdown time arrives.  ;-)
697  */
698 static void torture_shutdown_cleanup(void)
699 {
700 	unregister_reboot_notifier(&torture_shutdown_nb);
701 	if (shutdown_task != NULL) {
702 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Stopping torture_shutdown task");
703 		kthread_stop(shutdown_task);
704 	}
705 	shutdown_task = NULL;
706 }
707 
708 /*
709  * Variables for stuttering, which means to periodically pause and
710  * restart testing in order to catch bugs that appear when load is
711  * suddenly applied to or removed from the system.
712  */
713 static struct task_struct *stutter_task;
714 static int stutter_pause_test;
715 static int stutter;
716 static int stutter_gap;
717 
718 /*
719  * Block until the stutter interval ends.  This must be called periodically
720  * by all running kthreads that need to be subject to stuttering.
721  */
722 bool stutter_wait(const char *title)
723 {
724 	unsigned int i = 0;
725 	bool ret = false;
726 	int spt;
727 
728 	cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
729 	spt = READ_ONCE(stutter_pause_test);
730 	for (; spt; spt = READ_ONCE(stutter_pause_test)) {
731 		if (!ret) {
732 			sched_set_normal(current, MAX_NICE);
733 			ret = true;
734 		}
735 		if (spt == 1) {
736 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
737 		} else if (spt == 2) {
738 			while (READ_ONCE(stutter_pause_test)) {
739 				if (!(i++ & 0xffff))
740 					torture_hrtimeout_us(10, 0, NULL);
741 				cond_resched();
742 			}
743 		} else {
744 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(round_jiffies_relative(HZ));
745 		}
746 		torture_shutdown_absorb(title);
747 	}
748 	return ret;
749 }
750 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(stutter_wait);
751 
752 /*
753  * Cause the torture test to "stutter", starting and stopping all
754  * threads periodically.
755  */
756 static int torture_stutter(void *arg)
757 {
758 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
759 	int wtime;
760 
761 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("torture_stutter task started");
762 	do {
763 		if (!torture_must_stop() && stutter > 1) {
764 			wtime = stutter;
765 			if (stutter > 2) {
766 				WRITE_ONCE(stutter_pause_test, 1);
767 				wtime = stutter - 3;
768 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(wtime, &rand);
769 				wtime = 2;
770 			}
771 			WRITE_ONCE(stutter_pause_test, 2);
772 			torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(wtime, NULL);
773 		}
774 		WRITE_ONCE(stutter_pause_test, 0);
775 		if (!torture_must_stop())
776 			torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(stutter_gap, NULL);
777 		torture_shutdown_absorb("torture_stutter");
778 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
779 	torture_kthread_stopping("torture_stutter");
780 	return 0;
781 }
782 
783 /*
784  * Initialize and kick off the torture_stutter kthread.
785  */
786 int torture_stutter_init(const int s, const int sgap)
787 {
788 	stutter = s;
789 	stutter_gap = sgap;
790 	return torture_create_kthread(torture_stutter, NULL, stutter_task);
791 }
792 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_stutter_init);
793 
794 /*
795  * Cleanup after the torture_stutter kthread.
796  */
797 static void torture_stutter_cleanup(void)
798 {
799 	if (!stutter_task)
800 		return;
801 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Stopping torture_stutter task");
802 	kthread_stop(stutter_task);
803 	stutter_task = NULL;
804 }
805 
806 /*
807  * Initialize torture module.  Please note that this is -not- invoked via
808  * the usual module_init() mechanism, but rather by an explicit call from
809  * the client torture module.  This call must be paired with a later
810  * torture_init_end().
811  *
812  * The runnable parameter points to a flag that controls whether or not
813  * the test is currently runnable.  If there is no such flag, pass in NULL.
814  */
815 bool torture_init_begin(char *ttype, int v)
816 {
817 	mutex_lock(&fullstop_mutex);
818 	if (torture_type != NULL) {
819 		pr_alert("%s: Refusing %s init: %s running.\n",
820 			  __func__, ttype, torture_type);
821 		pr_alert("%s: One torture test at a time!\n", __func__);
822 		mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
823 		return false;
824 	}
825 	torture_type = ttype;
826 	verbose = v;
827 	fullstop = FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP;
828 	return true;
829 }
830 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_init_begin);
831 
832 /*
833  * Tell the torture module that initialization is complete.
834  */
835 void torture_init_end(void)
836 {
837 	mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
838 	register_reboot_notifier(&torture_shutdown_nb);
839 }
840 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_init_end);
841 
842 /*
843  * Clean up torture module.  Please note that this is -not- invoked via
844  * the usual module_exit() mechanism, but rather by an explicit call from
845  * the client torture module.  Returns true if a race with system shutdown
846  * is detected, otherwise, all kthreads started by functions in this file
847  * will be shut down.
848  *
849  * This must be called before the caller starts shutting down its own
850  * kthreads.
851  *
852  * Both torture_cleanup_begin() and torture_cleanup_end() must be paired,
853  * in order to correctly perform the cleanup. They are separated because
854  * threads can still need to reference the torture_type type, thus nullify
855  * only after completing all other relevant calls.
856  */
857 bool torture_cleanup_begin(void)
858 {
859 	mutex_lock(&fullstop_mutex);
860 	if (READ_ONCE(fullstop) == FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN) {
861 		pr_warn("Concurrent rmmod and shutdown illegal!\n");
862 		mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
863 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(10);
864 		return true;
865 	}
866 	WRITE_ONCE(fullstop, FULLSTOP_RMMOD);
867 	mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
868 	torture_shutdown_cleanup();
869 	torture_shuffle_cleanup();
870 	torture_stutter_cleanup();
871 	torture_onoff_cleanup();
872 	return false;
873 }
874 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_cleanup_begin);
875 
876 void torture_cleanup_end(void)
877 {
878 	mutex_lock(&fullstop_mutex);
879 	torture_type = NULL;
880 	mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
881 }
882 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_cleanup_end);
883 
884 /*
885  * Is it time for the current torture test to stop?
886  */
887 bool torture_must_stop(void)
888 {
889 	return torture_must_stop_irq() || kthread_should_stop();
890 }
891 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_must_stop);
892 
893 /*
894  * Is it time for the current torture test to stop?  This is the irq-safe
895  * version, hence no check for kthread_should_stop().
896  */
897 bool torture_must_stop_irq(void)
898 {
899 	return READ_ONCE(fullstop) != FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP;
900 }
901 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_must_stop_irq);
902 
903 /*
904  * Each kthread must wait for kthread_should_stop() before returning from
905  * its top-level function, otherwise segfaults ensue.  This function
906  * prints a "stopping" message and waits for kthread_should_stop(), and
907  * should be called from all torture kthreads immediately prior to
908  * returning.
909  */
910 void torture_kthread_stopping(char *title)
911 {
912 	char buf[128];
913 
914 	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Stopping %s", title);
915 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING(buf);
916 	while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
917 		torture_shutdown_absorb(title);
918 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
919 	}
920 }
921 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(torture_kthread_stopping);
922 
923 /*
924  * Create a generic torture kthread that is immediately runnable.  If you
925  * need the kthread to be stopped so that you can do something to it before
926  * it starts, you will need to open-code your own.
927  */
928 int _torture_create_kthread(int (*fn)(void *arg), void *arg, char *s, char *m,
929 			    char *f, struct task_struct **tp)
930 {
931 	int ret = 0;
932 
933 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING(m);
934 	*tp = kthread_run(fn, arg, "%s", s);
935 	if (IS_ERR(*tp)) {
936 		ret = PTR_ERR(*tp);
937 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_ERRSTRING(f);
938 		*tp = NULL;
939 	}
940 	torture_shuffle_task_register(*tp);
941 	return ret;
942 }
943 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(_torture_create_kthread);
944 
945 /*
946  * Stop a generic kthread, emitting a message.
947  */
948 void _torture_stop_kthread(char *m, struct task_struct **tp)
949 {
950 	if (*tp == NULL)
951 		return;
952 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING(m);
953 	kthread_stop(*tp);
954 	*tp = NULL;
955 }
956 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(_torture_stop_kthread);
957