xref: /linux/kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h (revision 7f71507851fc7764b36a3221839607d3a45c2025)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * RCU CPU stall warnings for normal RCU grace periods
4  *
5  * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2019
6  *
7  * Author: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  */
9 
10 #include <linux/console.h>
11 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
12 #include <linux/rcu_notifier.h>
13 #include <linux/smp.h>
14 
15 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
16 //
17 // Controlling CPU stall warnings, including delay calculation.
18 
19 /* panic() on RCU Stall sysctl. */
20 int sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall __read_mostly;
21 int sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic __read_mostly;
22 
23 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
24 #define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA		(5 * HZ)
25 #else
26 #define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA		0
27 #endif
28 #define RCU_STALL_MIGHT_DIV		8
29 #define RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN		(2 * HZ)
30 
31 int rcu_exp_jiffies_till_stall_check(void)
32 {
33 	int cpu_stall_timeout = READ_ONCE(rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout);
34 	int exp_stall_delay_delta = 0;
35 	int till_stall_check;
36 
37 	// Zero says to use rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, but in milliseconds.
38 	if (!cpu_stall_timeout)
39 		cpu_stall_timeout = jiffies_to_msecs(rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check());
40 
41 	// Limit check must be consistent with the Kconfig limits for
42 	// CONFIG_RCU_EXP_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT, so check the allowed range.
43 	// The minimum clamped value is "2UL", because at least one full
44 	// tick has to be guaranteed.
45 	till_stall_check = clamp(msecs_to_jiffies(cpu_stall_timeout), 2UL, 300UL * HZ);
46 
47 	if (cpu_stall_timeout && jiffies_to_msecs(till_stall_check) != cpu_stall_timeout)
48 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout, jiffies_to_msecs(till_stall_check));
49 
50 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
51 	/* Add extra ~25% out of till_stall_check. */
52 	exp_stall_delay_delta = ((till_stall_check * 25) / 100) + 1;
53 #endif
54 
55 	return till_stall_check + exp_stall_delay_delta;
56 }
57 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_exp_jiffies_till_stall_check);
58 
59 /* Limit-check stall timeouts specified at boottime and runtime. */
60 int rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check(void)
61 {
62 	int till_stall_check = READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout);
63 
64 	/*
65 	 * Limit check must be consistent with the Kconfig limits
66 	 * for CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT.
67 	 */
68 	if (till_stall_check < 3) {
69 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, 3);
70 		till_stall_check = 3;
71 	} else if (till_stall_check > 300) {
72 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, 300);
73 		till_stall_check = 300;
74 	}
75 	return till_stall_check * HZ + RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA;
76 }
77 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check);
78 
79 /* Don't do RCU CPU stall warnings during long sysrq printouts. */
80 void rcu_sysrq_start(void)
81 {
82 	if (!rcu_cpu_stall_suppress)
83 		rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 2;
84 }
85 
86 void rcu_sysrq_end(void)
87 {
88 	if (rcu_cpu_stall_suppress == 2)
89 		rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 0;
90 }
91 
92 /* Don't print RCU CPU stall warnings during a kernel panic. */
93 static int rcu_panic(struct notifier_block *this, unsigned long ev, void *ptr)
94 {
95 	rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 1;
96 	return NOTIFY_DONE;
97 }
98 
99 static struct notifier_block rcu_panic_block = {
100 	.notifier_call = rcu_panic,
101 };
102 
103 static int __init check_cpu_stall_init(void)
104 {
105 	atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list, &rcu_panic_block);
106 	return 0;
107 }
108 early_initcall(check_cpu_stall_init);
109 
110 /* If so specified via sysctl, panic, yielding cleaner stall-warning output. */
111 static void panic_on_rcu_stall(void)
112 {
113 	static int cpu_stall;
114 
115 	if (++cpu_stall < sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic)
116 		return;
117 
118 	if (sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall)
119 		panic("RCU Stall\n");
120 }
121 
122 /**
123  * rcu_cpu_stall_reset - restart stall-warning timeout for current grace period
124  *
125  * To perform the reset request from the caller, disable stall detection until
126  * 3 fqs loops have passed. This is required to ensure a fresh jiffies is
127  * loaded.  It should be safe to do from the fqs loop as enough timer
128  * interrupts and context switches should have passed.
129  *
130  * The caller must disable hard irqs.
131  */
132 void rcu_cpu_stall_reset(void)
133 {
134 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall, 3);
135 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, ULONG_MAX);
136 }
137 
138 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
139 //
140 // Interaction with RCU grace periods
141 
142 /* Start of new grace period, so record stall time (and forcing times). */
143 static void record_gp_stall_check_time(void)
144 {
145 	unsigned long j = jiffies;
146 	unsigned long j1;
147 
148 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start, j);
149 	j1 = rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check();
150 	smp_mb(); // ->gp_start before ->jiffies_stall and caller's ->gp_seq.
151 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall, 0);
152 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, j + j1);
153 	rcu_state.jiffies_resched = j + j1 / 2;
154 	rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.n_force_qs);
155 }
156 
157 /* Zero ->ticks_this_gp and snapshot the number of RCU softirq handlers. */
158 static void zero_cpu_stall_ticks(struct rcu_data *rdp)
159 {
160 	rdp->ticks_this_gp = 0;
161 	rdp->softirq_snap = kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, smp_processor_id());
162 	WRITE_ONCE(rdp->last_fqs_resched, jiffies);
163 }
164 
165 /*
166  * If too much time has passed in the current grace period, and if
167  * so configured, go kick the relevant kthreads.
168  */
169 static void rcu_stall_kick_kthreads(void)
170 {
171 	unsigned long j;
172 
173 	if (!READ_ONCE(rcu_kick_kthreads))
174 		return;
175 	j = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_kick_kthreads);
176 	if (time_after(jiffies, j) && rcu_state.gp_kthread &&
177 	    (rcu_gp_in_progress() || READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags))) {
178 		WARN_ONCE(1, "Kicking %s grace-period kthread\n",
179 			  rcu_state.name);
180 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
181 		wake_up_process(rcu_state.gp_kthread);
182 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_kick_kthreads, j + HZ);
183 	}
184 }
185 
186 /*
187  * Handler for the irq_work request posted about halfway into the RCU CPU
188  * stall timeout, and used to detect excessive irq disabling.  Set state
189  * appropriately, but just complain if there is unexpected state on entry.
190  */
191 static void rcu_iw_handler(struct irq_work *iwp)
192 {
193 	struct rcu_data *rdp;
194 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
195 
196 	rdp = container_of(iwp, struct rcu_data, rcu_iw);
197 	rnp = rdp->mynode;
198 	raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
199 	if (!WARN_ON_ONCE(!rdp->rcu_iw_pending)) {
200 		rdp->rcu_iw_gp_seq = rnp->gp_seq;
201 		rdp->rcu_iw_pending = false;
202 	}
203 	raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
204 }
205 
206 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
207 //
208 // Printing RCU CPU stall warnings
209 
210 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU
211 
212 /*
213  * Dump detailed information for all tasks blocking the current RCU
214  * grace period on the specified rcu_node structure.
215  */
216 static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
217 {
218 	unsigned long flags;
219 	struct task_struct *t;
220 
221 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
222 	if (!rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(rnp)) {
223 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
224 		return;
225 	}
226 	t = list_entry(rnp->gp_tasks->prev,
227 		       struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
228 	list_for_each_entry_continue(t, &rnp->blkd_tasks, rcu_node_entry) {
229 		/*
230 		 * We could be printing a lot while holding a spinlock.
231 		 * Avoid triggering hard lockup.
232 		 */
233 		touch_nmi_watchdog();
234 		sched_show_task(t);
235 	}
236 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
237 }
238 
239 // Communicate task state back to the RCU CPU stall warning request.
240 struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr {
241 	int nesting;
242 	union rcu_special rs;
243 	bool on_blkd_list;
244 };
245 
246 /*
247  * Report out the state of a not-running task that is stalling the
248  * current RCU grace period.
249  */
250 static int check_slow_task(struct task_struct *t, void *arg)
251 {
252 	struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr *rscrp = arg;
253 
254 	if (task_curr(t))
255 		return -EBUSY; // It is running, so decline to inspect it.
256 	rscrp->nesting = t->rcu_read_lock_nesting;
257 	rscrp->rs = t->rcu_read_unlock_special;
258 	rscrp->on_blkd_list = !list_empty(&t->rcu_node_entry);
259 	return 0;
260 }
261 
262 /*
263  * Scan the current list of tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical
264  * sections, printing out the tid of each of the first few of them.
265  */
266 static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
267 	__releases(rnp->lock)
268 {
269 	int i = 0;
270 	int ndetected = 0;
271 	struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr rscr;
272 	struct task_struct *t;
273 	struct task_struct *ts[8];
274 
275 	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
276 	if (!rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(rnp)) {
277 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
278 		return 0;
279 	}
280 	pr_err("\tTasks blocked on level-%d rcu_node (CPUs %d-%d):",
281 	       rnp->level, rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi);
282 	t = list_entry(rnp->gp_tasks->prev,
283 		       struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
284 	list_for_each_entry_continue(t, &rnp->blkd_tasks, rcu_node_entry) {
285 		get_task_struct(t);
286 		ts[i++] = t;
287 		if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(ts))
288 			break;
289 	}
290 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
291 	while (i) {
292 		t = ts[--i];
293 		if (task_call_func(t, check_slow_task, &rscr))
294 			pr_cont(" P%d", t->pid);
295 		else
296 			pr_cont(" P%d/%d:%c%c%c%c",
297 				t->pid, rscr.nesting,
298 				".b"[rscr.rs.b.blocked],
299 				".q"[rscr.rs.b.need_qs],
300 				".e"[rscr.rs.b.exp_hint],
301 				".l"[rscr.on_blkd_list]);
302 		lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
303 		put_task_struct(t);
304 		ndetected++;
305 	}
306 	pr_cont("\n");
307 	return ndetected;
308 }
309 
310 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
311 
312 /*
313  * Because preemptible RCU does not exist, we never have to check for
314  * tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical sections.
315  */
316 static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
317 {
318 }
319 
320 /*
321  * Because preemptible RCU does not exist, we never have to check for
322  * tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical sections.
323  */
324 static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
325 	__releases(rnp->lock)
326 {
327 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
328 	return 0;
329 }
330 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
331 
332 /*
333  * Dump stacks of all tasks running on stalled CPUs.  First try using
334  * NMIs, but fall back to manual remote stack tracing on architectures
335  * that don't support NMI-based stack dumps.  The NMI-triggered stack
336  * traces are more accurate because they are printed by the target CPU.
337  */
338 static void rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(unsigned long gp_seq)
339 {
340 	int cpu;
341 	unsigned long flags;
342 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
343 
344 	rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
345 		printk_deferred_enter();
346 		for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
347 			if (gp_seq != data_race(rcu_state.gp_seq)) {
348 				printk_deferred_exit();
349 				pr_err("INFO: Stall ended during stack backtracing.\n");
350 				return;
351 			}
352 			if (!(data_race(rnp->qsmask) & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)))
353 				continue;
354 			raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
355 			if (rnp->qsmask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) {
356 				if (cpu_is_offline(cpu))
357 					pr_err("Offline CPU %d blocking current GP.\n", cpu);
358 				else
359 					dump_cpu_task(cpu);
360 			}
361 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
362 		}
363 		printk_deferred_exit();
364 	}
365 }
366 
367 static const char * const gp_state_names[] = {
368 	[RCU_GP_IDLE] = "RCU_GP_IDLE",
369 	[RCU_GP_WAIT_GPS] = "RCU_GP_WAIT_GPS",
370 	[RCU_GP_DONE_GPS] = "RCU_GP_DONE_GPS",
371 	[RCU_GP_ONOFF] = "RCU_GP_ONOFF",
372 	[RCU_GP_INIT] = "RCU_GP_INIT",
373 	[RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS] = "RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS",
374 	[RCU_GP_DOING_FQS] = "RCU_GP_DOING_FQS",
375 	[RCU_GP_CLEANUP] = "RCU_GP_CLEANUP",
376 	[RCU_GP_CLEANED] = "RCU_GP_CLEANED",
377 };
378 
379 /*
380  * Convert a ->gp_state value to a character string.
381  */
382 static const char *gp_state_getname(short gs)
383 {
384 	if (gs < 0 || gs >= ARRAY_SIZE(gp_state_names))
385 		return "???";
386 	return gp_state_names[gs];
387 }
388 
389 /* Is the RCU grace-period kthread being starved of CPU time? */
390 static bool rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(unsigned long *jp)
391 {
392 	unsigned long j = jiffies - READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity);
393 
394 	if (jp)
395 		*jp = j;
396 	return j > 2 * HZ;
397 }
398 
399 static bool rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(struct rcu_data *rdp, unsigned long *jp)
400 {
401 	int cpu;
402 	struct task_struct *rcuc;
403 	unsigned long j;
404 
405 	rcuc = rdp->rcu_cpu_kthread_task;
406 	if (!rcuc)
407 		return false;
408 
409 	cpu = task_cpu(rcuc);
410 	if (cpu_is_offline(cpu) || idle_cpu(cpu))
411 		return false;
412 
413 	j = jiffies - READ_ONCE(rdp->rcuc_activity);
414 
415 	if (jp)
416 		*jp = j;
417 	return j > 2 * HZ;
418 }
419 
420 static void print_cpu_stat_info(int cpu)
421 {
422 	struct rcu_snap_record rsr, *rsrp;
423 	struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
424 	struct kernel_cpustat *kcsp = &kcpustat_cpu(cpu);
425 
426 	if (!rcu_cpu_stall_cputime)
427 		return;
428 
429 	rsrp = &rdp->snap_record;
430 	if (rsrp->gp_seq != rdp->gp_seq)
431 		return;
432 
433 	rsr.cputime_irq     = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_IRQ, cpu);
434 	rsr.cputime_softirq = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_SOFTIRQ, cpu);
435 	rsr.cputime_system  = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_SYSTEM, cpu);
436 
437 	pr_err("\t         hardirqs   softirqs   csw/system\n");
438 	pr_err("\t number: %8ld %10d %12lld\n",
439 		kstat_cpu_irqs_sum(cpu) - rsrp->nr_hardirqs,
440 		kstat_cpu_softirqs_sum(cpu) - rsrp->nr_softirqs,
441 		nr_context_switches_cpu(cpu) - rsrp->nr_csw);
442 	pr_err("\tcputime: %8lld %10lld %12lld   ==> %d(ms)\n",
443 		div_u64(rsr.cputime_irq - rsrp->cputime_irq, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
444 		div_u64(rsr.cputime_softirq - rsrp->cputime_softirq, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
445 		div_u64(rsr.cputime_system - rsrp->cputime_system, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
446 		jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - rsrp->jiffies));
447 }
448 
449 /*
450  * Print out diagnostic information for the specified stalled CPU.
451  *
452  * If the specified CPU is aware of the current RCU grace period, then
453  * print the number of scheduling clock interrupts the CPU has taken
454  * during the time that it has been aware.  Otherwise, print the number
455  * of RCU grace periods that this CPU is ignorant of, for example, "1"
456  * if the CPU was aware of the previous grace period.
457  *
458  * Also print out idle info.
459  */
460 static void print_cpu_stall_info(int cpu)
461 {
462 	unsigned long delta;
463 	bool falsepositive;
464 	struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
465 	char *ticks_title;
466 	unsigned long ticks_value;
467 	bool rcuc_starved;
468 	unsigned long j;
469 	char buf[32];
470 
471 	/*
472 	 * We could be printing a lot while holding a spinlock.  Avoid
473 	 * triggering hard lockup.
474 	 */
475 	touch_nmi_watchdog();
476 
477 	ticks_value = rcu_seq_ctr(rcu_state.gp_seq - rdp->gp_seq);
478 	if (ticks_value) {
479 		ticks_title = "GPs behind";
480 	} else {
481 		ticks_title = "ticks this GP";
482 		ticks_value = rdp->ticks_this_gp;
483 	}
484 	delta = rcu_seq_ctr(rdp->mynode->gp_seq - rdp->rcu_iw_gp_seq);
485 	falsepositive = rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(NULL) &&
486 			rcu_watching_snap_in_eqs(ct_rcu_watching_cpu(cpu));
487 	rcuc_starved = rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(rdp, &j);
488 	if (rcuc_starved)
489 		// Print signed value, as negative values indicate a probable bug.
490 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " rcuc=%ld jiffies(starved)", j);
491 	pr_err("\t%d-%c%c%c%c: (%lu %s) idle=%04x/%ld/%#lx softirq=%u/%u fqs=%ld%s%s\n",
492 	       cpu,
493 	       "O."[!!cpu_online(cpu)],
494 	       "o."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinit)],
495 	       "N."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinitnext)],
496 	       !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IRQ_WORK) ? '?' :
497 			rdp->rcu_iw_pending ? (int)min(delta, 9UL) + '0' :
498 				"!."[!delta],
499 	       ticks_value, ticks_title,
500 	       ct_rcu_watching_cpu(cpu) & 0xffff,
501 	       ct_nesting_cpu(cpu), ct_nmi_nesting_cpu(cpu),
502 	       rdp->softirq_snap, kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, cpu),
503 	       data_race(rcu_state.n_force_qs) - rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart,
504 	       rcuc_starved ? buf : "",
505 	       falsepositive ? " (false positive?)" : "");
506 
507 	print_cpu_stat_info(cpu);
508 }
509 
510 /* Complain about starvation of grace-period kthread.  */
511 static void rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation(void)
512 {
513 	int cpu;
514 	struct task_struct *gpk = rcu_state.gp_kthread;
515 	unsigned long j;
516 
517 	if (rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(&j)) {
518 		cpu = gpk ? task_cpu(gpk) : -1;
519 		pr_err("%s kthread starved for %ld jiffies! g%ld f%#x %s(%d) ->state=%#x ->cpu=%d\n",
520 		       rcu_state.name, j,
521 		       (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq),
522 		       data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)),
523 		       gp_state_getname(rcu_state.gp_state),
524 		       data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_state)),
525 		       gpk ? data_race(READ_ONCE(gpk->__state)) : ~0, cpu);
526 		if (gpk) {
527 			struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
528 
529 			pr_err("\tUnless %s kthread gets sufficient CPU time, OOM is now expected behavior.\n", rcu_state.name);
530 			pr_err("RCU grace-period kthread stack dump:\n");
531 			sched_show_task(gpk);
532 			if (cpu_is_offline(cpu)) {
533 				pr_err("RCU GP kthread last ran on offline CPU %d.\n", cpu);
534 			} else if (!(data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->mynode->qsmask)) & rdp->grpmask)) {
535 				pr_err("Stack dump where RCU GP kthread last ran:\n");
536 				dump_cpu_task(cpu);
537 			}
538 			wake_up_process(gpk);
539 		}
540 	}
541 }
542 
543 /* Complain about missing wakeups from expired fqs wait timer */
544 static void rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer(void)
545 {
546 	struct task_struct *gpk = rcu_state.gp_kthread;
547 	short gp_state;
548 	unsigned long jiffies_fqs;
549 	int cpu;
550 
551 	/*
552 	 * Order reads of .gp_state and .jiffies_force_qs.
553 	 * Matching smp_wmb() is present in rcu_gp_fqs_loop().
554 	 */
555 	gp_state = smp_load_acquire(&rcu_state.gp_state);
556 	jiffies_fqs = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_force_qs);
557 
558 	if (gp_state == RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS &&
559 	    time_after(jiffies, jiffies_fqs + RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN) &&
560 	    gpk && !READ_ONCE(gpk->on_rq)) {
561 		cpu = task_cpu(gpk);
562 		pr_err("%s kthread timer wakeup didn't happen for %ld jiffies! g%ld f%#x %s(%d) ->state=%#x\n",
563 		       rcu_state.name, (jiffies - jiffies_fqs),
564 		       (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq),
565 		       data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)), // Diagnostic read
566 		       gp_state_getname(RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS), RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS,
567 		       data_race(READ_ONCE(gpk->__state)));
568 		pr_err("\tPossible timer handling issue on cpu=%d timer-softirq=%u\n",
569 		       cpu, kstat_softirqs_cpu(TIMER_SOFTIRQ, cpu));
570 	}
571 }
572 
573 static void print_other_cpu_stall(unsigned long gp_seq, unsigned long gps)
574 {
575 	int cpu;
576 	unsigned long flags;
577 	unsigned long gpa;
578 	unsigned long j;
579 	int ndetected = 0;
580 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
581 	long totqlen = 0;
582 
583 	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
584 
585 	/* Kick and suppress, if so configured. */
586 	rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
587 	if (rcu_stall_is_suppressed())
588 		return;
589 
590 	nbcon_cpu_emergency_enter();
591 
592 	/*
593 	 * OK, time to rat on our buddy...
594 	 * See Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst for info on how to debug
595 	 * RCU CPU stall warnings.
596 	 */
597 	trace_rcu_stall_warning(rcu_state.name, TPS("StallDetected"));
598 	pr_err("INFO: %s detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:\n", rcu_state.name);
599 	rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
600 		raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
601 		if (rnp->qsmask != 0) {
602 			for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu)
603 				if (rnp->qsmask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) {
604 					print_cpu_stall_info(cpu);
605 					ndetected++;
606 				}
607 		}
608 		ndetected += rcu_print_task_stall(rnp, flags); // Releases rnp->lock.
609 		lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
610 	}
611 
612 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
613 		totqlen += rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
614 	pr_err("\t(detected by %d, t=%ld jiffies, g=%ld, q=%lu ncpus=%d)\n",
615 	       smp_processor_id(), (long)(jiffies - gps),
616 	       (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq), totqlen,
617 	       data_race(rcu_state.n_online_cpus)); // Diagnostic read
618 	if (ndetected) {
619 		rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(gp_seq);
620 
621 		/* Complain about tasks blocking the grace period. */
622 		rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp)
623 			rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(rnp);
624 	} else {
625 		if (rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq) != gp_seq) {
626 			pr_err("INFO: Stall ended before state dump start\n");
627 		} else {
628 			j = jiffies;
629 			gpa = data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity));
630 			pr_err("All QSes seen, last %s kthread activity %ld (%ld-%ld), jiffies_till_next_fqs=%ld, root ->qsmask %#lx\n",
631 			       rcu_state.name, j - gpa, j, gpa,
632 			       data_race(READ_ONCE(jiffies_till_next_fqs)),
633 			       data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_get_root()->qsmask)));
634 		}
635 	}
636 	/* Rewrite if needed in case of slow consoles. */
637 	if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall)))
638 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
639 			   jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3);
640 
641 	rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer();
642 	rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation();
643 
644 	nbcon_cpu_emergency_exit();
645 
646 	panic_on_rcu_stall();
647 
648 	rcu_force_quiescent_state();  /* Kick them all. */
649 }
650 
651 static void print_cpu_stall(unsigned long gp_seq, unsigned long gps)
652 {
653 	int cpu;
654 	unsigned long flags;
655 	struct rcu_data *rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
656 	struct rcu_node *rnp = rcu_get_root();
657 	long totqlen = 0;
658 
659 	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
660 
661 	/* Kick and suppress, if so configured. */
662 	rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
663 	if (rcu_stall_is_suppressed())
664 		return;
665 
666 	nbcon_cpu_emergency_enter();
667 
668 	/*
669 	 * OK, time to rat on ourselves...
670 	 * See Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst for info on how to debug
671 	 * RCU CPU stall warnings.
672 	 */
673 	trace_rcu_stall_warning(rcu_state.name, TPS("SelfDetected"));
674 	pr_err("INFO: %s self-detected stall on CPU\n", rcu_state.name);
675 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
676 	print_cpu_stall_info(smp_processor_id());
677 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
678 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
679 		totqlen += rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
680 	pr_err("\t(t=%lu jiffies g=%ld q=%lu ncpus=%d)\n",
681 		jiffies - gps,
682 		(long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq), totqlen,
683 		data_race(rcu_state.n_online_cpus)); // Diagnostic read
684 
685 	rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer();
686 	rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation();
687 
688 	rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(gp_seq);
689 
690 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
691 	/* Rewrite if needed in case of slow consoles. */
692 	if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall)))
693 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
694 			   jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3);
695 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
696 
697 	nbcon_cpu_emergency_exit();
698 
699 	panic_on_rcu_stall();
700 
701 	/*
702 	 * Attempt to revive the RCU machinery by forcing a context switch.
703 	 *
704 	 * A context switch would normally allow the RCU state machine to make
705 	 * progress and it could be we're stuck in kernel space without context
706 	 * switches for an entirely unreasonable amount of time.
707 	 */
708 	set_tsk_need_resched(current);
709 	set_preempt_need_resched();
710 }
711 
712 static bool csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall;
713 module_param(csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall, bool, 0644);
714 
715 static void check_cpu_stall(struct rcu_data *rdp)
716 {
717 	bool self_detected;
718 	unsigned long gs1;
719 	unsigned long gs2;
720 	unsigned long gps;
721 	unsigned long j;
722 	unsigned long jn;
723 	unsigned long js;
724 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
725 
726 	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
727 	if ((rcu_stall_is_suppressed() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_kick_kthreads)) ||
728 	    !rcu_gp_in_progress())
729 		return;
730 	rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
731 
732 	/*
733 	 * Check if it was requested (via rcu_cpu_stall_reset()) that the FQS
734 	 * loop has to set jiffies to ensure a non-stale jiffies value. This
735 	 * is required to have good jiffies value after coming out of long
736 	 * breaks of jiffies updates. Not doing so can cause false positives.
737 	 */
738 	if (READ_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall) > 0)
739 		return;
740 
741 	j = jiffies;
742 
743 	/*
744 	 * Lots of memory barriers to reject false positives.
745 	 *
746 	 * The idea is to pick up rcu_state.gp_seq, then
747 	 * rcu_state.jiffies_stall, then rcu_state.gp_start, and finally
748 	 * another copy of rcu_state.gp_seq.  These values are updated in
749 	 * the opposite order with memory barriers (or equivalent) during
750 	 * grace-period initialization and cleanup.  Now, a false positive
751 	 * can occur if we get an new value of rcu_state.gp_start and a old
752 	 * value of rcu_state.jiffies_stall.  But given the memory barriers,
753 	 * the only way that this can happen is if one grace period ends
754 	 * and another starts between these two fetches.  This is detected
755 	 * by comparing the second fetch of rcu_state.gp_seq with the
756 	 * previous fetch from rcu_state.gp_seq.
757 	 *
758 	 * Given this check, comparisons of jiffies, rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
759 	 * and rcu_state.gp_start suffice to forestall false positives.
760 	 */
761 	gs1 = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq);
762 	smp_rmb(); /* Pick up ->gp_seq first... */
763 	js = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall);
764 	smp_rmb(); /* ...then ->jiffies_stall before the rest... */
765 	gps = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start);
766 	smp_rmb(); /* ...and finally ->gp_start before ->gp_seq again. */
767 	gs2 = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq);
768 	if (gs1 != gs2 ||
769 	    ULONG_CMP_LT(j, js) ||
770 	    ULONG_CMP_GE(gps, js) ||
771 	    !rcu_seq_state(gs2))
772 		return; /* No stall or GP completed since entering function. */
773 	rnp = rdp->mynode;
774 	jn = jiffies + ULONG_MAX / 2;
775 	self_detected = READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask) & rdp->grpmask;
776 	if (rcu_gp_in_progress() &&
777 	    (self_detected || ULONG_CMP_GE(j, js + RCU_STALL_RAT_DELAY)) &&
778 	    cmpxchg(&rcu_state.jiffies_stall, js, jn) == js) {
779 		/*
780 		 * If a virtual machine is stopped by the host it can look to
781 		 * the watchdog like an RCU stall. Check to see if the host
782 		 * stopped the vm.
783 		 */
784 		if (kvm_check_and_clear_guest_paused())
785 			return;
786 
787 		rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain(RCU_STALL_NOTIFY_NORM, (void *)j - gps);
788 		if (READ_ONCE(csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall) && csd_lock_is_stuck()) {
789 			pr_err("INFO: %s detected stall, but suppressed full report due to a stuck CSD-lock.\n", rcu_state.name);
790 		} else if (self_detected) {
791 			/* We haven't checked in, so go dump stack. */
792 			print_cpu_stall(gs2, gps);
793 		} else {
794 			/* They had a few time units to dump stack, so complain. */
795 			print_other_cpu_stall(gs2, gps);
796 		}
797 
798 		if (READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_ftrace_dump))
799 			rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
800 
801 		if (READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall) == jn) {
802 			jn = jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3;
803 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, jn);
804 		}
805 	}
806 }
807 
808 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
809 //
810 // RCU forward-progress mechanisms, including for callback invocation.
811 
812 
813 /*
814  * Check to see if a failure to end RCU priority inversion was due to
815  * a CPU not passing through a quiescent state.  When this happens, there
816  * is nothing that RCU priority boosting can do to help, so we shouldn't
817  * count this as an RCU priority boosting failure.  A return of true says
818  * RCU priority boosting is to blame, and false says otherwise.  If false
819  * is returned, the first of the CPUs to blame is stored through cpup.
820  * If there was no CPU blocking the current grace period, but also nothing
821  * in need of being boosted, *cpup is set to -1.  This can happen in case
822  * of vCPU preemption while the last CPU is reporting its quiscent state,
823  * for example.
824  *
825  * If cpup is NULL, then a lockless quick check is carried out, suitable
826  * for high-rate usage.  On the other hand, if cpup is non-NULL, each
827  * rcu_node structure's ->lock is acquired, ruling out high-rate usage.
828  */
829 bool rcu_check_boost_fail(unsigned long gp_state, int *cpup)
830 {
831 	bool atb = false;
832 	int cpu;
833 	unsigned long flags;
834 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
835 
836 	rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
837 		if (!cpup) {
838 			if (data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask))) {
839 				return false;
840 			} else {
841 				if (READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks))
842 					atb = true;
843 				continue;
844 			}
845 		}
846 		*cpup = -1;
847 		raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
848 		if (rnp->gp_tasks)
849 			atb = true;
850 		if (!rnp->qsmask) {
851 			// No CPUs without quiescent states for this rnp.
852 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
853 			continue;
854 		}
855 		// Find the first holdout CPU.
856 		for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
857 			if (rnp->qsmask & (1UL << (cpu - rnp->grplo))) {
858 				raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
859 				*cpup = cpu;
860 				return false;
861 			}
862 		}
863 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
864 	}
865 	// Can't blame CPUs, so must blame RCU priority boosting.
866 	return atb;
867 }
868 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_check_boost_fail);
869 
870 /*
871  * Show the state of the grace-period kthreads.
872  */
873 void show_rcu_gp_kthreads(void)
874 {
875 	unsigned long cbs = 0;
876 	int cpu;
877 	unsigned long j;
878 	unsigned long ja;
879 	unsigned long jr;
880 	unsigned long js;
881 	unsigned long jw;
882 	struct rcu_data *rdp;
883 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
884 	struct task_struct *t = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_kthread);
885 
886 	j = jiffies;
887 	ja = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity));
888 	jr = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity));
889 	js = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start));
890 	jw = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_wake_time));
891 	pr_info("%s: wait state: %s(%d) ->state: %#x ->rt_priority %u delta ->gp_start %lu ->gp_activity %lu ->gp_req_activity %lu ->gp_wake_time %lu ->gp_wake_seq %ld ->gp_seq %ld ->gp_seq_needed %ld ->gp_max %lu ->gp_flags %#x\n",
892 		rcu_state.name, gp_state_getname(rcu_state.gp_state),
893 		data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_state)),
894 		t ? data_race(READ_ONCE(t->__state)) : 0x1ffff, t ? t->rt_priority : 0xffU,
895 		js, ja, jr, jw, (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_wake_seq)),
896 		(long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq)),
897 		(long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_get_root()->gp_seq_needed)),
898 		data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_max)),
899 		data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)));
900 	rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rnp) {
901 		if (ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq), READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq_needed)) &&
902 		    !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask)) && !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks)) &&
903 		    !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks)) && !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks)))
904 			continue;
905 		pr_info("\trcu_node %d:%d ->gp_seq %ld ->gp_seq_needed %ld ->qsmask %#lx %c%c%c%c ->n_boosts %ld\n",
906 			rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi,
907 			(long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq)),
908 			(long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq_needed)),
909 			data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask)),
910 			".b"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_kthread_task))],
911 			".B"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks))],
912 			".E"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks))],
913 			".G"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks))],
914 			data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->n_boosts)));
915 		if (!rcu_is_leaf_node(rnp))
916 			continue;
917 		for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
918 			rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
919 			if (READ_ONCE(rdp->gpwrap) ||
920 			    ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq),
921 					 READ_ONCE(rdp->gp_seq_needed)))
922 				continue;
923 			pr_info("\tcpu %d ->gp_seq_needed %ld\n",
924 				cpu, (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->gp_seq_needed)));
925 		}
926 	}
927 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
928 		rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
929 		cbs += data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->n_cbs_invoked));
930 		if (rcu_segcblist_is_offloaded(&rdp->cblist))
931 			show_rcu_nocb_state(rdp);
932 	}
933 	pr_info("RCU callbacks invoked since boot: %lu\n", cbs);
934 	show_rcu_tasks_gp_kthreads();
935 }
936 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(show_rcu_gp_kthreads);
937 
938 /*
939  * This function checks for grace-period requests that fail to motivate
940  * RCU to come out of its idle mode.
941  */
942 static void rcu_check_gp_start_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, struct rcu_data *rdp,
943 				     const unsigned long gpssdelay)
944 {
945 	unsigned long flags;
946 	unsigned long j;
947 	struct rcu_node *rnp_root = rcu_get_root();
948 	static atomic_t warned = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
949 
950 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PROVE_RCU) || rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
951 	    ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
952 			 READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
953 	    !smp_load_acquire(&rcu_state.gp_kthread)) // Get stable kthread.
954 		return;
955 	j = jiffies; /* Expensive access, and in common case don't get here. */
956 	if (time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
957 	    time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
958 	    atomic_read(&warned))
959 		return;
960 
961 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
962 	j = jiffies;
963 	if (rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
964 	    ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
965 			 READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
966 	    time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
967 	    time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
968 	    atomic_read(&warned)) {
969 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
970 		return;
971 	}
972 	/* Hold onto the leaf lock to make others see warned==1. */
973 
974 	if (rnp_root != rnp)
975 		raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp_root); /* irqs already disabled. */
976 	j = jiffies;
977 	if (rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
978 	    ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
979 			 READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
980 	    time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
981 	    time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
982 	    atomic_xchg(&warned, 1)) {
983 		if (rnp_root != rnp)
984 			/* irqs remain disabled. */
985 			raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp_root);
986 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
987 		return;
988 	}
989 	WARN_ON(1);
990 	if (rnp_root != rnp)
991 		raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp_root);
992 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
993 	show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
994 }
995 
996 /*
997  * Do a forward-progress check for rcutorture.  This is normally invoked
998  * due to an OOM event.  The argument "j" gives the time period during
999  * which rcutorture would like progress to have been made.
1000  */
1001 void rcu_fwd_progress_check(unsigned long j)
1002 {
1003 	unsigned long cbs;
1004 	int cpu;
1005 	unsigned long max_cbs = 0;
1006 	int max_cpu = -1;
1007 	struct rcu_data *rdp;
1008 
1009 	if (rcu_gp_in_progress()) {
1010 		pr_info("%s: GP age %lu jiffies\n",
1011 			__func__, jiffies - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start)));
1012 		show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
1013 	} else {
1014 		pr_info("%s: Last GP end %lu jiffies ago\n",
1015 			__func__, jiffies - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_end)));
1016 		preempt_disable();
1017 		rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
1018 		rcu_check_gp_start_stall(rdp->mynode, rdp, j);
1019 		preempt_enable();
1020 	}
1021 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
1022 		cbs = rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
1023 		if (!cbs)
1024 			continue;
1025 		if (max_cpu < 0)
1026 			pr_info("%s: callbacks", __func__);
1027 		pr_cont(" %d: %lu", cpu, cbs);
1028 		if (cbs <= max_cbs)
1029 			continue;
1030 		max_cbs = cbs;
1031 		max_cpu = cpu;
1032 	}
1033 	if (max_cpu >= 0)
1034 		pr_cont("\n");
1035 }
1036 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_fwd_progress_check);
1037 
1038 /* Commandeer a sysrq key to dump RCU's tree. */
1039 static bool sysrq_rcu;
1040 module_param(sysrq_rcu, bool, 0444);
1041 
1042 /* Dump grace-period-request information due to commandeered sysrq. */
1043 static void sysrq_show_rcu(u8 key)
1044 {
1045 	show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
1046 }
1047 
1048 static const struct sysrq_key_op sysrq_rcudump_op = {
1049 	.handler = sysrq_show_rcu,
1050 	.help_msg = "show-rcu(y)",
1051 	.action_msg = "Show RCU tree",
1052 	.enable_mask = SYSRQ_ENABLE_DUMP,
1053 };
1054 
1055 static int __init rcu_sysrq_init(void)
1056 {
1057 	if (sysrq_rcu)
1058 		return register_sysrq_key('y', &sysrq_rcudump_op);
1059 	return 0;
1060 }
1061 early_initcall(rcu_sysrq_init);
1062 
1063 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_NOTIFIER
1064 
1065 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1066 //
1067 // RCU CPU stall-warning notifiers
1068 
1069 static ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list);
1070 
1071 /**
1072  * rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register - Add an RCU CPU stall notifier
1073  * @n: Entry to add.
1074  *
1075  * Adds an RCU CPU stall notifier to an atomic notifier chain.
1076  * The @action passed to a notifier will be @RCU_STALL_NOTIFY_NORM or
1077  * friends.  The @data will be the duration of the stalled grace period,
1078  * in jiffies, coerced to a void* pointer.
1079  *
1080  * Returns 0 on success, %-EEXIST on error.
1081  */
1082 int rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register(struct notifier_block *n)
1083 {
1084 	int rcsn = rcu_cpu_stall_notifiers;
1085 
1086 	WARN(1, "Adding %pS() to RCU stall notifier list (%s).\n", n->notifier_call,
1087 	     rcsn ? "possibly suppressing RCU CPU stall warnings" : "failed, so all is well");
1088 	if (rcsn)
1089 		return atomic_notifier_chain_register(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, n);
1090 	return -EEXIST;
1091 }
1092 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register);
1093 
1094 /**
1095  * rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister - Remove an RCU CPU stall notifier
1096  * @n: Entry to add.
1097  *
1098  * Removes an RCU CPU stall notifier from an atomic notifier chain.
1099  *
1100  * Returns zero on success, %-ENOENT on failure.
1101  */
1102 int rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister(struct notifier_block *n)
1103 {
1104 	return atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, n);
1105 }
1106 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister);
1107 
1108 /*
1109  * rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain - Call functions in an RCU CPU stall notifier chain
1110  * @val: Value passed unmodified to notifier function
1111  * @v: Pointer passed unmodified to notifier function
1112  *
1113  * Calls each function in the RCU CPU stall notifier chain in turn, which
1114  * is an atomic call chain.  See atomic_notifier_call_chain() for more
1115  * information.
1116  *
1117  * This is for use within RCU, hence the omission of the extra asterisk
1118  * to indicate a non-kerneldoc format header comment.
1119  */
1120 int rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain(unsigned long val, void *v)
1121 {
1122 	return atomic_notifier_call_chain(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, val, v);
1123 }
1124 
1125 #endif // #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_NOTIFIER
1126