xref: /linux/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c (revision f2745dc0ba3dadd8fa2b2c33f48253d78e133a12)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * Read-Copy Update module-based torture test facility
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2005, 2006
6  *
7  * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  *	  Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
9  *
10  * See also:  Documentation/RCU/torture.rst
11  */
12 
13 #define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt
14 
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/module.h>
19 #include <linux/kthread.h>
20 #include <linux/err.h>
21 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
22 #include <linux/smp.h>
23 #include <linux/rcupdate_wait.h>
24 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
25 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
26 #include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
27 #include <linux/atomic.h>
28 #include <linux/bitops.h>
29 #include <linux/completion.h>
30 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
31 #include <linux/percpu.h>
32 #include <linux/notifier.h>
33 #include <linux/reboot.h>
34 #include <linux/freezer.h>
35 #include <linux/cpu.h>
36 #include <linux/delay.h>
37 #include <linux/stat.h>
38 #include <linux/srcu.h>
39 #include <linux/slab.h>
40 #include <linux/trace_clock.h>
41 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
42 #include <linux/torture.h>
43 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
44 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
45 #include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
46 #include <linux/oom.h>
47 #include <linux/tick.h>
48 #include <linux/rcupdate_trace.h>
49 #include <linux/nmi.h>
50 
51 #include "rcu.h"
52 
53 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
54 MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> and Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>");
55 
56 /* Bits for ->extendables field, extendables param, and related definitions. */
57 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1	 8	/* Put SRCU index in upper bits. */
58 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1	 (1 << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1)
59 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2	 9	/* Put SRCU index in upper bits. */
60 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2	 (1 << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2)
61 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH	 0x01	/* Extend readers by disabling bh. */
62 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ	 0x02	/*  ... disabling interrupts. */
63 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT	 0x04	/*  ... disabling preemption. */
64 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH	 0x08	/*  ... rcu_read_lock_bh(). */
65 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED	 0x10	/*  ... rcu_read_lock_sched(). */
66 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1	 0x20	/*  ... entering another RCU reader. */
67 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2	 0x40	/*  ... entering another RCU reader. */
68 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS	 7	/* Number of bits defined above. */
69 #define RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND	 \
70 	(RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ | RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | \
71 	 RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
72 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS 0x7	/* Maximum reader extensions. */
73 					/* Must be power of two minus one. */
74 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS (RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS + 3)
75 
76 torture_param(int, extendables, RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
77 	      "Extend readers by disabling bh (1), irqs (2), or preempt (4)");
78 torture_param(int, fqs_duration, 0,
79 	      "Duration of fqs bursts (us), 0 to disable");
80 torture_param(int, fqs_holdoff, 0, "Holdoff time within fqs bursts (us)");
81 torture_param(int, fqs_stutter, 3, "Wait time between fqs bursts (s)");
82 torture_param(int, fwd_progress, 1, "Test grace-period forward progress");
83 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_div, 4, "Fraction of CPU stall to wait");
84 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_holdoff, 60,
85 	      "Time between forward-progress tests (s)");
86 torture_param(bool, fwd_progress_need_resched, 1,
87 	      "Hide cond_resched() behind need_resched()");
88 torture_param(bool, gp_cond, false, "Use conditional/async GP wait primitives");
89 torture_param(bool, gp_exp, false, "Use expedited GP wait primitives");
90 torture_param(bool, gp_normal, false,
91 	     "Use normal (non-expedited) GP wait primitives");
92 torture_param(bool, gp_poll, false, "Use polling GP wait primitives");
93 torture_param(bool, gp_sync, false, "Use synchronous GP wait primitives");
94 torture_param(int, irqreader, 1, "Allow RCU readers from irq handlers");
95 torture_param(int, leakpointer, 0, "Leak pointer dereferences from readers");
96 torture_param(int, n_barrier_cbs, 0,
97 	     "# of callbacks/kthreads for barrier testing");
98 torture_param(int, nfakewriters, 4, "Number of RCU fake writer threads");
99 torture_param(int, nreaders, -1, "Number of RCU reader threads");
100 torture_param(int, object_debug, 0,
101 	     "Enable debug-object double call_rcu() testing");
102 torture_param(int, onoff_holdoff, 0, "Time after boot before CPU hotplugs (s)");
103 torture_param(int, onoff_interval, 0,
104 	     "Time between CPU hotplugs (jiffies), 0=disable");
105 torture_param(int, nocbs_nthreads, 0, "Number of NOCB toggle threads, 0 to disable");
106 torture_param(int, nocbs_toggle, 1000, "Time between toggling nocb state (ms)");
107 torture_param(int, read_exit_delay, 13,
108 	      "Delay between read-then-exit episodes (s)");
109 torture_param(int, read_exit_burst, 16,
110 	      "# of read-then-exit bursts per episode, zero to disable");
111 torture_param(int, shuffle_interval, 3, "Number of seconds between shuffles");
112 torture_param(int, shutdown_secs, 0, "Shutdown time (s), <= zero to disable.");
113 torture_param(int, stall_cpu, 0, "Stall duration (s), zero to disable.");
114 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_holdoff, 10,
115 	     "Time to wait before starting stall (s).");
116 torture_param(bool, stall_no_softlockup, false,
117 	     "Avoid softlockup warning during cpu stall.");
118 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_irqsoff, 0, "Disable interrupts while stalling.");
119 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_block, 0, "Sleep while stalling.");
120 torture_param(int, stall_gp_kthread, 0,
121 	      "Grace-period kthread stall duration (s).");
122 torture_param(int, stat_interval, 60,
123 	     "Number of seconds between stats printk()s");
124 torture_param(int, stutter, 5, "Number of seconds to run/halt test");
125 torture_param(int, test_boost, 1, "Test RCU prio boost: 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.");
126 torture_param(int, test_boost_duration, 4,
127 	     "Duration of each boost test, seconds.");
128 torture_param(int, test_boost_interval, 7,
129 	     "Interval between boost tests, seconds.");
130 torture_param(bool, test_no_idle_hz, true,
131 	     "Test support for tickless idle CPUs");
132 torture_param(int, verbose, 1,
133 	     "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
134 
135 static char *torture_type = "rcu";
136 module_param(torture_type, charp, 0444);
137 MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_type, "Type of RCU to torture (rcu, srcu, ...)");
138 
139 static int nrealnocbers;
140 static int nrealreaders;
141 static struct task_struct *writer_task;
142 static struct task_struct **fakewriter_tasks;
143 static struct task_struct **reader_tasks;
144 static struct task_struct **nocb_tasks;
145 static struct task_struct *stats_task;
146 static struct task_struct *fqs_task;
147 static struct task_struct *boost_tasks[NR_CPUS];
148 static struct task_struct *stall_task;
149 static struct task_struct **fwd_prog_tasks;
150 static struct task_struct **barrier_cbs_tasks;
151 static struct task_struct *barrier_task;
152 static struct task_struct *read_exit_task;
153 
154 #define RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN 10
155 
156 // Mailbox-like structure to check RCU global memory ordering.
157 struct rcu_torture_reader_check {
158 	unsigned long rtc_myloops;
159 	int rtc_chkrdr;
160 	unsigned long rtc_chkloops;
161 	int rtc_ready;
162 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtc_assigner;
163 } ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
164 
165 // Update-side data structure used to check RCU readers.
166 struct rcu_torture {
167 	struct rcu_head rtort_rcu;
168 	int rtort_pipe_count;
169 	struct list_head rtort_free;
170 	int rtort_mbtest;
171 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtort_chkp;
172 };
173 
174 static LIST_HEAD(rcu_torture_freelist);
175 static struct rcu_torture __rcu *rcu_torture_current;
176 static unsigned long rcu_torture_current_version;
177 static struct rcu_torture rcu_tortures[10 * RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN];
178 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rcu_torture_lock);
179 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_count);
180 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_batch);
181 static atomic_t rcu_torture_wcount[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1];
182 static struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rcu_torture_reader_mbchk;
183 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc;
184 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail;
185 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_free;
186 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mberror;
187 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail;
188 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries;
189 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_error;
190 static long n_rcu_torture_barrier_error;
191 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror;
192 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror;
193 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_failure;
194 static long n_rcu_torture_boosts;
195 static atomic_long_t n_rcu_torture_timers;
196 static long n_barrier_attempts;
197 static long n_barrier_successes; /* did rcu_barrier test succeed? */
198 static unsigned long n_read_exits;
199 static struct list_head rcu_torture_removed;
200 static unsigned long shutdown_jiffies;
201 static unsigned long start_gp_seq;
202 static atomic_long_t n_nocb_offload;
203 static atomic_long_t n_nocb_deoffload;
204 
205 static int rcu_torture_writer_state;
206 #define RTWS_FIXED_DELAY	0
207 #define RTWS_DELAY		1
208 #define RTWS_REPLACE		2
209 #define RTWS_DEF_FREE		3
210 #define RTWS_EXP_SYNC		4
211 #define RTWS_COND_GET		5
212 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC		6
213 #define RTWS_POLL_GET		7
214 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT		8
215 #define RTWS_SYNC		9
216 #define RTWS_STUTTER		10
217 #define RTWS_STOPPING		11
218 static const char * const rcu_torture_writer_state_names[] = {
219 	"RTWS_FIXED_DELAY",
220 	"RTWS_DELAY",
221 	"RTWS_REPLACE",
222 	"RTWS_DEF_FREE",
223 	"RTWS_EXP_SYNC",
224 	"RTWS_COND_GET",
225 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC",
226 	"RTWS_POLL_GET",
227 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT",
228 	"RTWS_SYNC",
229 	"RTWS_STUTTER",
230 	"RTWS_STOPPING",
231 };
232 
233 /* Record reader segment types and duration for first failing read. */
234 struct rt_read_seg {
235 	int rt_readstate;
236 	unsigned long rt_delay_jiffies;
237 	unsigned long rt_delay_ms;
238 	unsigned long rt_delay_us;
239 	bool rt_preempted;
240 };
241 static int err_segs_recorded;
242 static struct rt_read_seg err_segs[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS];
243 static int rt_read_nsegs;
244 
245 static const char *rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(void)
246 {
247 	unsigned int i = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_writer_state);
248 
249 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_torture_writer_state_names))
250 		return "???";
251 	return rcu_torture_writer_state_names[i];
252 }
253 
254 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE
255 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
256 {
257 	u64 ts = trace_clock_local();
258 
259 	(void)do_div(ts, NSEC_PER_USEC);
260 	return ts;
261 }
262 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
263 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
264 {
265 	return 0ULL;
266 }
267 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
268 
269 /*
270  * Stop aggressive CPU-hog tests a bit before the end of the test in order
271  * to avoid interfering with test shutdown.
272  */
273 static bool shutdown_time_arrived(void)
274 {
275 	return shutdown_secs && time_after(jiffies, shutdown_jiffies - 30 * HZ);
276 }
277 
278 static unsigned long boost_starttime;	/* jiffies of next boost test start. */
279 static DEFINE_MUTEX(boost_mutex);	/* protect setting boost_starttime */
280 					/*  and boost task create/destroy. */
281 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_count;	/* Barrier callbacks registered. */
282 static bool barrier_phase;		/* Test phase. */
283 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_invoked;	/* Barrier callbacks invoked. */
284 static wait_queue_head_t *barrier_cbs_wq; /* Coordinate barrier testing. */
285 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(barrier_wq);
286 
287 static atomic_t rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay;	/* Short rcu_torture_delay() delays. */
288 
289 /*
290  * Allocate an element from the rcu_tortures pool.
291  */
292 static struct rcu_torture *
293 rcu_torture_alloc(void)
294 {
295 	struct list_head *p;
296 
297 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
298 	if (list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist)) {
299 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail);
300 		spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
301 		return NULL;
302 	}
303 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc);
304 	p = rcu_torture_freelist.next;
305 	list_del_init(p);
306 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
307 	return container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_free);
308 }
309 
310 /*
311  * Free an element to the rcu_tortures pool.
312  */
313 static void
314 rcu_torture_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
315 {
316 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_free);
317 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
318 	list_add_tail(&p->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_freelist);
319 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
320 }
321 
322 /*
323  * Operations vector for selecting different types of tests.
324  */
325 
326 struct rcu_torture_ops {
327 	int ttype;
328 	void (*init)(void);
329 	void (*cleanup)(void);
330 	int (*readlock)(void);
331 	void (*read_delay)(struct torture_random_state *rrsp,
332 			   struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp);
333 	void (*readunlock)(int idx);
334 	int (*readlock_held)(void);
335 	unsigned long (*get_gp_seq)(void);
336 	unsigned long (*gp_diff)(unsigned long new, unsigned long old);
337 	void (*deferred_free)(struct rcu_torture *p);
338 	void (*sync)(void);
339 	void (*exp_sync)(void);
340 	unsigned long (*get_gp_state)(void);
341 	unsigned long (*start_gp_poll)(void);
342 	bool (*poll_gp_state)(unsigned long oldstate);
343 	void (*cond_sync)(unsigned long oldstate);
344 	call_rcu_func_t call;
345 	void (*cb_barrier)(void);
346 	void (*fqs)(void);
347 	void (*stats)(void);
348 	void (*gp_kthread_dbg)(void);
349 	bool (*check_boost_failed)(unsigned long gp_state, int *cpup);
350 	int (*stall_dur)(void);
351 	long cbflood_max;
352 	int irq_capable;
353 	int can_boost;
354 	int extendables;
355 	int slow_gps;
356 	int no_pi_lock;
357 	const char *name;
358 };
359 
360 static struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops;
361 
362 /*
363  * Definitions for rcu torture testing.
364  */
365 
366 static int torture_readlock_not_held(void)
367 {
368 	return rcu_read_lock_bh_held() || rcu_read_lock_sched_held();
369 }
370 
371 static int rcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(RCU)
372 {
373 	rcu_read_lock();
374 	return 0;
375 }
376 
377 static void
378 rcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
379 {
380 	unsigned long started;
381 	unsigned long completed;
382 	const unsigned long shortdelay_us = 200;
383 	unsigned long longdelay_ms = 300;
384 	unsigned long long ts;
385 
386 	/* We want a short delay sometimes to make a reader delay the grace
387 	 * period, and we want a long delay occasionally to trigger
388 	 * force_quiescent_state. */
389 
390 	if (!atomic_read(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
391 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2000 * longdelay_ms))) {
392 		started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
393 		ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
394 		if (preempt_count() & (SOFTIRQ_MASK | HARDIRQ_MASK))
395 			longdelay_ms = 5; /* Avoid triggering BH limits. */
396 		mdelay(longdelay_ms);
397 		rtrsp->rt_delay_ms = longdelay_ms;
398 		completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
399 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, NULL, ts,
400 					  started, completed);
401 	}
402 	if (!(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2 * shortdelay_us))) {
403 		udelay(shortdelay_us);
404 		rtrsp->rt_delay_us = shortdelay_us;
405 	}
406 	if (!preempt_count() &&
407 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 500))) {
408 		torture_preempt_schedule();  /* QS only if preemptible. */
409 		rtrsp->rt_preempted = true;
410 	}
411 }
412 
413 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(RCU)
414 {
415 	rcu_read_unlock();
416 }
417 
418 /*
419  * Update callback in the pipe.  This should be invoked after a grace period.
420  */
421 static bool
422 rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(struct rcu_torture *rp)
423 {
424 	int i;
425 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp = READ_ONCE(rp->rtort_chkp);
426 
427 	if (rtrcp) {
428 		WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_chkp, NULL);
429 		smp_store_release(&rtrcp->rtc_ready, 1); // Pair with smp_load_acquire().
430 	}
431 	i = READ_ONCE(rp->rtort_pipe_count);
432 	if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
433 		i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
434 	atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
435 	WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_pipe_count, i + 1);
436 	if (rp->rtort_pipe_count >= RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
437 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 0;
438 		return true;
439 	}
440 	return false;
441 }
442 
443 /*
444  * Update all callbacks in the pipe.  Suitable for synchronous grace-period
445  * primitives.
446  */
447 static void
448 rcu_torture_pipe_update(struct rcu_torture *old_rp)
449 {
450 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
451 	struct rcu_torture *rp1;
452 
453 	if (old_rp)
454 		list_add(&old_rp->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_removed);
455 	list_for_each_entry_safe(rp, rp1, &rcu_torture_removed, rtort_free) {
456 		if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp)) {
457 			list_del(&rp->rtort_free);
458 			rcu_torture_free(rp);
459 		}
460 	}
461 }
462 
463 static void
464 rcu_torture_cb(struct rcu_head *p)
465 {
466 	struct rcu_torture *rp = container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_rcu);
467 
468 	if (torture_must_stop_irq()) {
469 		/* Test is ending, just drop callbacks on the floor. */
470 		/* The next initialization will pick up the pieces. */
471 		return;
472 	}
473 	if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp))
474 		rcu_torture_free(rp);
475 	else
476 		cur_ops->deferred_free(rp);
477 }
478 
479 static unsigned long rcu_no_completed(void)
480 {
481 	return 0;
482 }
483 
484 static void rcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
485 {
486 	call_rcu(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
487 }
488 
489 static void rcu_sync_torture_init(void)
490 {
491 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_removed);
492 }
493 
494 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_ops = {
495 	.ttype			= RCU_FLAVOR,
496 	.init			= rcu_sync_torture_init,
497 	.readlock		= rcu_torture_read_lock,
498 	.read_delay		= rcu_read_delay,
499 	.readunlock		= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
500 	.readlock_held		= torture_readlock_not_held,
501 	.get_gp_seq		= rcu_get_gp_seq,
502 	.gp_diff		= rcu_seq_diff,
503 	.deferred_free		= rcu_torture_deferred_free,
504 	.sync			= synchronize_rcu,
505 	.exp_sync		= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
506 	.get_gp_state		= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
507 	.start_gp_poll		= start_poll_synchronize_rcu,
508 	.poll_gp_state		= poll_state_synchronize_rcu,
509 	.cond_sync		= cond_synchronize_rcu,
510 	.call			= call_rcu,
511 	.cb_barrier		= rcu_barrier,
512 	.fqs			= rcu_force_quiescent_state,
513 	.stats			= NULL,
514 	.gp_kthread_dbg		= show_rcu_gp_kthreads,
515 	.check_boost_failed	= rcu_check_boost_fail,
516 	.stall_dur		= rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check,
517 	.irq_capable		= 1,
518 	.can_boost		= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST),
519 	.extendables		= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
520 	.name			= "rcu"
521 };
522 
523 /*
524  * Don't even think about trying any of these in real life!!!
525  * The names includes "busted", and they really means it!
526  * The only purpose of these functions is to provide a buggy RCU
527  * implementation to make sure that rcutorture correctly emits
528  * buggy-RCU error messages.
529  */
530 static void rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
531 {
532 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
533 	rcu_torture_cb(&p->rtort_rcu);
534 }
535 
536 static void synchronize_rcu_busted(void)
537 {
538 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
539 }
540 
541 static void
542 call_rcu_busted(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
543 {
544 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
545 	func(head);
546 }
547 
548 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_busted_ops = {
549 	.ttype		= INVALID_RCU_FLAVOR,
550 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
551 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock,
552 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
553 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
554 	.readlock_held	= torture_readlock_not_held,
555 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
556 	.deferred_free	= rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free,
557 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_busted,
558 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_busted,
559 	.call		= call_rcu_busted,
560 	.cb_barrier	= NULL,
561 	.fqs		= NULL,
562 	.stats		= NULL,
563 	.irq_capable	= 1,
564 	.name		= "busted"
565 };
566 
567 /*
568  * Definitions for srcu torture testing.
569  */
570 
571 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu_ctl);
572 static struct srcu_struct srcu_ctld;
573 static struct srcu_struct *srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl;
574 
575 static int srcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(srcu_ctlp)
576 {
577 	return srcu_read_lock(srcu_ctlp);
578 }
579 
580 static void
581 srcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
582 {
583 	long delay;
584 	const long uspertick = 1000000 / HZ;
585 	const long longdelay = 10;
586 
587 	/* We want there to be long-running readers, but not all the time. */
588 
589 	delay = torture_random(rrsp) %
590 		(nrealreaders * 2 * longdelay * uspertick);
591 	if (!delay && in_task()) {
592 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(longdelay);
593 		rtrsp->rt_delay_jiffies = longdelay;
594 	} else {
595 		rcu_read_delay(rrsp, rtrsp);
596 	}
597 }
598 
599 static void srcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(srcu_ctlp)
600 {
601 	srcu_read_unlock(srcu_ctlp, idx);
602 }
603 
604 static int torture_srcu_read_lock_held(void)
605 {
606 	return srcu_read_lock_held(srcu_ctlp);
607 }
608 
609 static unsigned long srcu_torture_completed(void)
610 {
611 	return srcu_batches_completed(srcu_ctlp);
612 }
613 
614 static void srcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *rp)
615 {
616 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, &rp->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
617 }
618 
619 static void srcu_torture_synchronize(void)
620 {
621 	synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
622 }
623 
624 static unsigned long srcu_torture_get_gp_state(void)
625 {
626 	return get_state_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
627 }
628 
629 static unsigned long srcu_torture_start_gp_poll(void)
630 {
631 	return start_poll_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
632 }
633 
634 static bool srcu_torture_poll_gp_state(unsigned long oldstate)
635 {
636 	return poll_state_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp, oldstate);
637 }
638 
639 static void srcu_torture_call(struct rcu_head *head,
640 			      rcu_callback_t func)
641 {
642 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, head, func);
643 }
644 
645 static void srcu_torture_barrier(void)
646 {
647 	srcu_barrier(srcu_ctlp);
648 }
649 
650 static void srcu_torture_stats(void)
651 {
652 	srcu_torture_stats_print(srcu_ctlp, torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
653 }
654 
655 static void srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited(void)
656 {
657 	synchronize_srcu_expedited(srcu_ctlp);
658 }
659 
660 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcu_ops = {
661 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
662 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
663 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
664 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
665 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
666 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
667 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
668 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
669 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
670 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
671 	.get_gp_state	= srcu_torture_get_gp_state,
672 	.start_gp_poll	= srcu_torture_start_gp_poll,
673 	.poll_gp_state	= srcu_torture_poll_gp_state,
674 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
675 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
676 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
677 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
678 	.irq_capable	= 1,
679 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
680 	.name		= "srcu"
681 };
682 
683 static void srcu_torture_init(void)
684 {
685 	rcu_sync_torture_init();
686 	WARN_ON(init_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld));
687 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctld;
688 }
689 
690 static void srcu_torture_cleanup(void)
691 {
692 	cleanup_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld);
693 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl; /* In case of a later rcutorture run. */
694 }
695 
696 /* As above, but dynamically allocated. */
697 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcud_ops = {
698 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
699 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
700 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
701 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
702 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
703 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
704 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
705 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
706 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
707 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
708 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
709 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
710 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
711 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
712 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
713 	.irq_capable	= 1,
714 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
715 	.name		= "srcud"
716 };
717 
718 /* As above, but broken due to inappropriate reader extension. */
719 static struct rcu_torture_ops busted_srcud_ops = {
720 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
721 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
722 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
723 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
724 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,
725 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
726 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
727 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
728 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
729 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
730 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
731 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
732 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
733 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
734 	.irq_capable	= 1,
735 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
736 	.extendables	= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
737 	.name		= "busted_srcud"
738 };
739 
740 /*
741  * Definitions for trivial CONFIG_PREEMPT=n-only torture testing.
742  * This implementation does not necessarily work well with CPU hotplug.
743  */
744 
745 static void synchronize_rcu_trivial(void)
746 {
747 	int cpu;
748 
749 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
750 		rcutorture_sched_setaffinity(current->pid, cpumask_of(cpu));
751 		WARN_ON_ONCE(raw_smp_processor_id() != cpu);
752 	}
753 }
754 
755 static int rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial(void) __acquires(RCU)
756 {
757 	preempt_disable();
758 	return 0;
759 }
760 
761 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial(int idx) __releases(RCU)
762 {
763 	preempt_enable();
764 }
765 
766 static struct rcu_torture_ops trivial_ops = {
767 	.ttype		= RCU_TRIVIAL_FLAVOR,
768 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
769 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
770 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
771 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
772 	.readlock_held	= torture_readlock_not_held,
773 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
774 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
775 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
776 	.fqs		= NULL,
777 	.stats		= NULL,
778 	.irq_capable	= 1,
779 	.name		= "trivial"
780 };
781 
782 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
783 
784 /*
785  * Definitions for RCU-tasks torture testing.
786  */
787 
788 static int tasks_torture_read_lock(void)
789 {
790 	return 0;
791 }
792 
793 static void tasks_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
794 {
795 }
796 
797 static void rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
798 {
799 	call_rcu_tasks(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
800 }
801 
802 static void synchronize_rcu_mult_test(void)
803 {
804 	synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu_tasks, call_rcu);
805 }
806 
807 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_ops = {
808 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_FLAVOR,
809 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
810 	.readlock	= tasks_torture_read_lock,
811 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
812 	.readunlock	= tasks_torture_read_unlock,
813 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
814 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free,
815 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks,
816 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_mult_test,
817 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks,
818 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks,
819 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_classic_gp_kthread,
820 	.fqs		= NULL,
821 	.stats		= NULL,
822 	.irq_capable	= 1,
823 	.slow_gps	= 1,
824 	.name		= "tasks"
825 };
826 
827 #define TASKS_OPS &tasks_ops,
828 
829 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
830 
831 #define TASKS_OPS
832 
833 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
834 
835 
836 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
837 
838 /*
839  * Definitions for rude RCU-tasks torture testing.
840  */
841 
842 static void rcu_tasks_rude_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
843 {
844 	call_rcu_tasks_rude(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
845 }
846 
847 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_rude_ops = {
848 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_RUDE_FLAVOR,
849 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
850 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
851 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
852 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
853 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
854 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_rude_torture_deferred_free,
855 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
856 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
857 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks_rude,
858 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks_rude,
859 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_rude_gp_kthread,
860 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
861 	.fqs		= NULL,
862 	.stats		= NULL,
863 	.irq_capable	= 1,
864 	.name		= "tasks-rude"
865 };
866 
867 #define TASKS_RUDE_OPS &tasks_rude_ops,
868 
869 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
870 
871 #define TASKS_RUDE_OPS
872 
873 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
874 
875 
876 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
877 
878 /*
879  * Definitions for tracing RCU-tasks torture testing.
880  */
881 
882 static int tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock(void)
883 {
884 	rcu_read_lock_trace();
885 	return 0;
886 }
887 
888 static void tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
889 {
890 	rcu_read_unlock_trace();
891 }
892 
893 static void rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
894 {
895 	call_rcu_tasks_trace(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
896 }
897 
898 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_tracing_ops = {
899 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_TRACING_FLAVOR,
900 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
901 	.readlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock,
902 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse srcu's version. */
903 	.readunlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock,
904 	.readlock_held	= rcu_read_lock_trace_held,
905 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
906 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free,
907 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
908 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
909 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks_trace,
910 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks_trace,
911 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_trace_gp_kthread,
912 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
913 	.fqs		= NULL,
914 	.stats		= NULL,
915 	.irq_capable	= 1,
916 	.slow_gps	= 1,
917 	.name		= "tasks-tracing"
918 };
919 
920 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS &tasks_tracing_ops,
921 
922 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
923 
924 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS
925 
926 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
927 
928 
929 static unsigned long rcutorture_seq_diff(unsigned long new, unsigned long old)
930 {
931 	if (!cur_ops->gp_diff)
932 		return new - old;
933 	return cur_ops->gp_diff(new, old);
934 }
935 
936 /*
937  * RCU torture priority-boost testing.  Runs one real-time thread per
938  * CPU for moderate bursts, repeatedly starting grace periods and waiting
939  * for them to complete.  If a given grace period takes too long, we assume
940  * that priority inversion has occurred.
941  */
942 
943 static int old_rt_runtime = -1;
944 
945 static void rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle(void)
946 {
947 	/*
948 	 * Disable RT throttling so that rcutorture's boost threads don't get
949 	 * throttled. Only possible if rcutorture is built-in otherwise the
950 	 * user should manually do this by setting the sched_rt_period_us and
951 	 * sched_rt_runtime sysctls.
952 	 */
953 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime != -1)
954 		return;
955 
956 	old_rt_runtime = sysctl_sched_rt_runtime;
957 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = -1;
958 }
959 
960 static void rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle(void)
961 {
962 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime == -1)
963 		return;
964 
965 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = old_rt_runtime;
966 	old_rt_runtime = -1;
967 }
968 
969 static bool rcu_torture_boost_failed(unsigned long gp_state, unsigned long *start)
970 {
971 	int cpu;
972 	static int dbg_done;
973 	unsigned long end = jiffies;
974 	bool gp_done;
975 	unsigned long j;
976 	static unsigned long last_persist;
977 	unsigned long lp;
978 	unsigned long mininterval = test_boost_duration * HZ - HZ / 2;
979 
980 	if (end - *start > mininterval) {
981 		// Recheck after checking time to avoid false positives.
982 		smp_mb(); // Time check before grace-period check.
983 		if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
984 			return false; // passed, though perhaps just barely
985 		if (cur_ops->check_boost_failed && !cur_ops->check_boost_failed(gp_state, &cpu)) {
986 			// At most one persisted message per boost test.
987 			j = jiffies;
988 			lp = READ_ONCE(last_persist);
989 			if (time_after(j, lp + mininterval) && cmpxchg(&last_persist, lp, j) == lp)
990 				pr_info("Boost inversion persisted: No QS from CPU %d\n", cpu);
991 			return false; // passed on a technicality
992 		}
993 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost boosting failed");
994 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure++;
995 		if (!xchg(&dbg_done, 1) && cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg) {
996 			pr_info("Boost inversion thread ->rt_priority %u gp_state %lu jiffies %lu\n",
997 				current->rt_priority, gp_state, end - *start);
998 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
999 			// Recheck after print to flag grace period ending during splat.
1000 			gp_done = cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state);
1001 			pr_info("Boost inversion: GP %lu %s.\n", gp_state,
1002 				gp_done ? "ended already" : "still pending");
1003 
1004 		}
1005 
1006 		return true; // failed
1007 	} else if (cur_ops->check_boost_failed && !cur_ops->check_boost_failed(gp_state, NULL)) {
1008 		*start = jiffies;
1009 	}
1010 
1011 	return false; // passed
1012 }
1013 
1014 static int rcu_torture_boost(void *arg)
1015 {
1016 	unsigned long endtime;
1017 	unsigned long gp_state;
1018 	unsigned long gp_state_time;
1019 	unsigned long oldstarttime;
1020 
1021 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost started");
1022 
1023 	/* Set real-time priority. */
1024 	sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1025 
1026 	/* Each pass through the following loop does one boost-test cycle. */
1027 	do {
1028 		bool failed = false; // Test failed already in this test interval
1029 		bool gp_initiated = false;
1030 
1031 		if (kthread_should_stop())
1032 			goto checkwait;
1033 
1034 		/* Wait for the next test interval. */
1035 		oldstarttime = READ_ONCE(boost_starttime);
1036 		while (time_before(jiffies, oldstarttime)) {
1037 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(oldstarttime - jiffies);
1038 			if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost"))
1039 				sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1040 			if (torture_must_stop())
1041 				goto checkwait;
1042 		}
1043 
1044 		// Do one boost-test interval.
1045 		endtime = oldstarttime + test_boost_duration * HZ;
1046 		while (time_before(jiffies, endtime)) {
1047 			// Has current GP gone too long?
1048 			if (gp_initiated && !failed && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1049 				failed = rcu_torture_boost_failed(gp_state, &gp_state_time);
1050 			// If we don't have a grace period in flight, start one.
1051 			if (!gp_initiated || cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state)) {
1052 				gp_state = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1053 				gp_initiated = true;
1054 				gp_state_time = jiffies;
1055 			}
1056 			if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost")) {
1057 				sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1058 				// If the grace period already ended,
1059 				// we don't know when that happened, so
1060 				// start over.
1061 				if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1062 					gp_initiated = false;
1063 			}
1064 			if (torture_must_stop())
1065 				goto checkwait;
1066 		}
1067 
1068 		// In case the grace period extended beyond the end of the loop.
1069 		if (gp_initiated && !failed && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1070 			rcu_torture_boost_failed(gp_state, &gp_state_time);
1071 
1072 		/*
1073 		 * Set the start time of the next test interval.
1074 		 * Yes, this is vulnerable to long delays, but such
1075 		 * delays simply cause a false negative for the next
1076 		 * interval.  Besides, we are running at RT priority,
1077 		 * so delays should be relatively rare.
1078 		 */
1079 		while (oldstarttime == READ_ONCE(boost_starttime) && !kthread_should_stop()) {
1080 			if (mutex_trylock(&boost_mutex)) {
1081 				if (oldstarttime == boost_starttime) {
1082 					WRITE_ONCE(boost_starttime,
1083 						   jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ);
1084 					n_rcu_torture_boosts++;
1085 				}
1086 				mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
1087 				break;
1088 			}
1089 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
1090 		}
1091 
1092 		/* Go do the stutter. */
1093 checkwait:	if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost"))
1094 			sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1095 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1096 
1097 	/* Clean up and exit. */
1098 	while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
1099 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_boost");
1100 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
1101 	}
1102 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_boost");
1103 	return 0;
1104 }
1105 
1106 /*
1107  * RCU torture force-quiescent-state kthread.  Repeatedly induces
1108  * bursts of calls to force_quiescent_state(), increasing the probability
1109  * of occurrence of some important types of race conditions.
1110  */
1111 static int
1112 rcu_torture_fqs(void *arg)
1113 {
1114 	unsigned long fqs_resume_time;
1115 	int fqs_burst_remaining;
1116 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1117 
1118 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fqs task started");
1119 	do {
1120 		fqs_resume_time = jiffies + fqs_stutter * HZ;
1121 		while (time_before(jiffies, fqs_resume_time) &&
1122 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1123 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
1124 		}
1125 		fqs_burst_remaining = fqs_duration;
1126 		while (fqs_burst_remaining > 0 &&
1127 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1128 			cur_ops->fqs();
1129 			udelay(fqs_holdoff);
1130 			fqs_burst_remaining -= fqs_holdoff;
1131 		}
1132 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fqs"))
1133 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1134 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1135 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fqs");
1136 	return 0;
1137 }
1138 
1139 // Used by writers to randomly choose from the available grace-period
1140 // primitives.  The only purpose of the initialization is to size the array.
1141 static int synctype[] = { RTWS_DEF_FREE, RTWS_EXP_SYNC, RTWS_COND_GET, RTWS_POLL_GET, RTWS_SYNC };
1142 static int nsynctypes;
1143 
1144 /*
1145  * Determine which grace-period primitives are available.
1146  */
1147 static void rcu_torture_write_types(void)
1148 {
1149 	bool gp_cond1 = gp_cond, gp_exp1 = gp_exp, gp_normal1 = gp_normal;
1150 	bool gp_poll1 = gp_poll, gp_sync1 = gp_sync;
1151 
1152 	/* Initialize synctype[] array.  If none set, take default. */
1153 	if (!gp_cond1 && !gp_exp1 && !gp_normal1 && !gp_poll1 && !gp_sync1)
1154 		gp_cond1 = gp_exp1 = gp_normal1 = gp_poll1 = gp_sync1 = true;
1155 	if (gp_cond1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->cond_sync) {
1156 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET;
1157 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional GPs.\n", __func__);
1158 	} else if (gp_cond && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync)) {
1159 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond without primitives.\n", __func__);
1160 	}
1161 	if (gp_exp1 && cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1162 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1163 		pr_info("%s: Testing expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1164 	} else if (gp_exp && !cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1165 		pr_alert("%s: gp_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1166 	}
1167 	if (gp_normal1 && cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1168 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1169 		pr_info("%s: Testing asynchronous GPs.\n", __func__);
1170 	} else if (gp_normal && !cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1171 		pr_alert("%s: gp_normal without primitives.\n", __func__);
1172 	}
1173 	if (gp_poll1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
1174 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET;
1175 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling GPs.\n", __func__);
1176 	} else if (gp_poll && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)) {
1177 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll without primitives.\n", __func__);
1178 	}
1179 	if (gp_sync1 && cur_ops->sync) {
1180 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_SYNC;
1181 		pr_info("%s: Testing normal GPs.\n", __func__);
1182 	} else if (gp_sync && !cur_ops->sync) {
1183 		pr_alert("%s: gp_sync without primitives.\n", __func__);
1184 	}
1185 }
1186 
1187 /*
1188  * RCU torture writer kthread.  Repeatedly substitutes a new structure
1189  * for that pointed to by rcu_torture_current, freeing the old structure
1190  * after a series of grace periods (the "pipeline").
1191  */
1192 static int
1193 rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
1194 {
1195 	bool boot_ended;
1196 	bool can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() && !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1197 	unsigned long cookie;
1198 	int expediting = 0;
1199 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1200 	int i;
1201 	int idx;
1202 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1203 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
1204 	struct rcu_torture *old_rp;
1205 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1206 	bool stutter_waited;
1207 
1208 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task started");
1209 	if (!can_expedite)
1210 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1211 			 " GP expediting controlled from boot/sysfs for %s.\n",
1212 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
1213 	if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
1214 		      "%s: No update-side primitives.\n", __func__)) {
1215 		/*
1216 		 * No updates primitives, so don't try updating.
1217 		 * The resulting test won't be testing much, hence the
1218 		 * above WARN_ONCE().
1219 		 */
1220 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1221 		torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1222 		return 0;
1223 	}
1224 
1225 	do {
1226 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_FIXED_DELAY;
1227 		torture_hrtimeout_us(500, 1000, &rand);
1228 		rp = rcu_torture_alloc();
1229 		if (rp == NULL)
1230 			continue;
1231 		rp->rtort_pipe_count = 0;
1232 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DELAY;
1233 		udelay(torture_random(&rand) & 0x3ff);
1234 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_REPLACE;
1235 		old_rp = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
1236 					       current == writer_task);
1237 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 1;
1238 		rcu_assign_pointer(rcu_torture_current, rp);
1239 		smp_wmb(); /* Mods to old_rp must follow rcu_assign_pointer() */
1240 		if (old_rp) {
1241 			i = old_rp->rtort_pipe_count;
1242 			if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
1243 				i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1244 			atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
1245 			WRITE_ONCE(old_rp->rtort_pipe_count,
1246 				   old_rp->rtort_pipe_count + 1);
1247 			if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
1248 				idx = cur_ops->readlock();
1249 				cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1250 				WARN_ONCE(rcu_torture_writer_state != RTWS_DEF_FREE &&
1251 					  cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1252 					  "%s: Cookie check 1 failed %s(%d) %lu->%lu\n",
1253 					  __func__,
1254 					  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1255 					  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1256 					  cookie, cur_ops->get_gp_state());
1257 				cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
1258 			}
1259 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1260 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1261 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1262 				cur_ops->deferred_free(old_rp);
1263 				break;
1264 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1265 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1266 				cur_ops->exp_sync();
1267 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1268 				break;
1269 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1270 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET;
1271 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1272 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1273 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC;
1274 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1275 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1276 				break;
1277 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
1278 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET;
1279 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1280 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT;
1281 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap))
1282 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1283 								  &rand);
1284 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1285 				break;
1286 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1287 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_SYNC;
1288 				cur_ops->sync();
1289 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1290 				break;
1291 			default:
1292 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1293 				break;
1294 			}
1295 		}
1296 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version,
1297 			   rcu_torture_current_version + 1);
1298 		/* Cycle through nesting levels of rcu_expedite_gp() calls. */
1299 		if (can_expedite &&
1300 		    !(torture_random(&rand) & 0xff & (!!expediting - 1))) {
1301 			WARN_ON_ONCE(expediting == 0 && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1302 			if (expediting >= 0)
1303 				rcu_expedite_gp();
1304 			else
1305 				rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1306 			if (++expediting > 3)
1307 				expediting = -expediting;
1308 		} else if (!can_expedite) { /* Disabled during boot, recheck. */
1309 			can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() &&
1310 				       !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1311 		}
1312 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STUTTER;
1313 		boot_ended = rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended();
1314 		stutter_waited = stutter_wait("rcu_torture_writer");
1315 		if (stutter_waited &&
1316 		    !atomic_read(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
1317 		    !cur_ops->slow_gps &&
1318 		    !torture_must_stop() &&
1319 		    boot_ended)
1320 			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++)
1321 				if (list_empty(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free) &&
1322 				    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) !=
1323 				    &rcu_tortures[i]) {
1324 					rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1325 					WARN(1, "%s: rtort_pipe_count: %d\n", __func__, rcu_tortures[i].rtort_pipe_count);
1326 				}
1327 		if (stutter_waited)
1328 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1329 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1330 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;  // Let stats task know that we are done.
1331 	/* Reset expediting back to unexpedited. */
1332 	if (expediting > 0)
1333 		expediting = -expediting;
1334 	while (can_expedite && expediting++ < 0)
1335 		rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1336 	WARN_ON_ONCE(can_expedite && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1337 	if (!can_expedite)
1338 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1339 			 " Dynamic grace-period expediting was disabled.\n",
1340 			 torture_type);
1341 	rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1342 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1343 	return 0;
1344 }
1345 
1346 /*
1347  * RCU torture fake writer kthread.  Repeatedly calls sync, with a random
1348  * delay between calls.
1349  */
1350 static int
1351 rcu_torture_fakewriter(void *arg)
1352 {
1353 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1354 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1355 
1356 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fakewriter task started");
1357 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
1358 
1359 	if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
1360 		      "%s: No update-side primitives.\n", __func__)) {
1361 		/*
1362 		 * No updates primitives, so don't try updating.
1363 		 * The resulting test won't be testing much, hence the
1364 		 * above WARN_ONCE().
1365 		 */
1366 		torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1367 		return 0;
1368 	}
1369 
1370 	do {
1371 		torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 10, &rand);
1372 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL &&
1373 		    torture_random(&rand) % (nfakewriters * 8) == 0) {
1374 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
1375 		} else {
1376 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1377 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1378 				break;
1379 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1380 				cur_ops->exp_sync();
1381 				break;
1382 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1383 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1384 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1385 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1386 				break;
1387 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
1388 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1389 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap)) {
1390 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1391 								  &rand);
1392 				}
1393 				break;
1394 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1395 				cur_ops->sync();
1396 				break;
1397 			default:
1398 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1399 				break;
1400 			}
1401 		}
1402 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1403 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1404 
1405 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1406 	return 0;
1407 }
1408 
1409 static void rcu_torture_timer_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
1410 {
1411 	kfree(rhp);
1412 }
1413 
1414 // Set up and carry out testing of RCU's global memory ordering
1415 static void rcu_torture_reader_do_mbchk(long myid, struct rcu_torture *rtp,
1416 					struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1417 {
1418 	unsigned long loops;
1419 	int noc = torture_num_online_cpus();
1420 	int rdrchked;
1421 	int rdrchker;
1422 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp; // Me.
1423 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_assigner; // Assigned us to do checking.
1424 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_chked; // Reader being checked.
1425 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_chker; // Reader doing checking when not me.
1426 
1427 	if (myid < 0)
1428 		return; // Don't try this from timer handlers.
1429 
1430 	// Increment my counter.
1431 	rtrcp = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[myid];
1432 	WRITE_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_myloops, rtrcp->rtc_myloops + 1);
1433 
1434 	// Attempt to assign someone else some checking work.
1435 	rdrchked = torture_random(trsp) % nrealreaders;
1436 	rtrcp_chked = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchked];
1437 	rdrchker = torture_random(trsp) % nrealreaders;
1438 	rtrcp_chker = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchker];
1439 	if (rdrchked != myid && rdrchked != rdrchker && noc >= rdrchked && noc >= rdrchker &&
1440 	    smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr) < 0 && // Pairs with smp_store_release below.
1441 	    !READ_ONCE(rtp->rtort_chkp) &&
1442 	    !smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner)) { // Pairs with smp_store_release below.
1443 		rtrcp->rtc_chkloops = READ_ONCE(rtrcp_chked->rtc_myloops);
1444 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr >= 0);
1445 		rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr = rdrchked;
1446 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_ready); // This gets set after the grace period ends.
1447 		if (cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner, NULL, rtrcp) ||
1448 		    cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtp->rtort_chkp, NULL, rtrcp))
1449 			(void)cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner, rtrcp, NULL); // Back out.
1450 	}
1451 
1452 	// If assigned some completed work, do it!
1453 	rtrcp_assigner = READ_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_assigner);
1454 	if (!rtrcp_assigner || !smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp_assigner->rtc_ready))
1455 		return; // No work or work not yet ready.
1456 	rdrchked = rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkrdr;
1457 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(rdrchked < 0))
1458 		return;
1459 	rtrcp_chked = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchked];
1460 	loops = READ_ONCE(rtrcp_chked->rtc_myloops);
1461 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries);
1462 	if (ULONG_CMP_LT(loops, rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkloops))
1463 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail);
1464 	rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkloops = loops + ULONG_MAX / 2;
1465 	rtrcp_assigner->rtc_ready = 0;
1466 	smp_store_release(&rtrcp->rtc_assigner, NULL); // Someone else can assign us work.
1467 	smp_store_release(&rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkrdr, -1); // Assigner can again assign.
1468 }
1469 
1470 /*
1471  * Do one extension of an RCU read-side critical section using the
1472  * current reader state in readstate (set to zero for initial entry
1473  * to extended critical section), set the new state as specified by
1474  * newstate (set to zero for final exit from extended critical section),
1475  * and random-number-generator state in trsp.  If this is neither the
1476  * beginning or end of the critical section and if there was actually a
1477  * change, do a ->read_delay().
1478  */
1479 static void rcutorture_one_extend(int *readstate, int newstate,
1480 				  struct torture_random_state *trsp,
1481 				  struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
1482 {
1483 	unsigned long flags;
1484 	int idxnew1 = -1;
1485 	int idxnew2 = -1;
1486 	int idxold1 = *readstate;
1487 	int idxold2 = idxold1;
1488 	int statesnew = ~*readstate & newstate;
1489 	int statesold = *readstate & ~newstate;
1490 
1491 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxold2 < 0);
1492 	WARN_ON_ONCE((idxold2 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) > 1);
1493 	rtrsp->rt_readstate = newstate;
1494 
1495 	/* First, put new protection in place to avoid critical-section gap. */
1496 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
1497 		local_bh_disable();
1498 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
1499 		rcu_read_lock_bh();
1500 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1501 		local_irq_disable();
1502 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
1503 		preempt_disable();
1504 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
1505 		rcu_read_lock_sched();
1506 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
1507 		idxnew1 = (cur_ops->readlock() & 0x1) << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1;
1508 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)
1509 		idxnew2 = (cur_ops->readlock() & 0x1) << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2;
1510 
1511 	/*
1512 	 * Next, remove old protection, in decreasing order of strength
1513 	 * to avoid unlock paths that aren't safe in the stronger
1514 	 * context. Namely: BH can not be enabled with disabled interrupts.
1515 	 * Additionally PREEMPT_RT requires that BH is enabled in preemptible
1516 	 * context.
1517 	 */
1518 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1519 		local_irq_enable();
1520 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
1521 		preempt_enable();
1522 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
1523 		rcu_read_unlock_sched();
1524 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
1525 		local_bh_enable();
1526 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
1527 		rcu_read_unlock_bh();
1528 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2) {
1529 		cur_ops->readunlock((idxold2 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) & 0x1);
1530 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew2 != -1);
1531 		idxold2 = 0;
1532 	}
1533 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1) {
1534 		bool lockit;
1535 
1536 		lockit = !cur_ops->no_pi_lock && !statesnew && !(torture_random(trsp) & 0xffff);
1537 		if (lockit)
1538 			raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&current->pi_lock, flags);
1539 		cur_ops->readunlock((idxold1 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1) & 0x1);
1540 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 != -1);
1541 		idxold1 = 0;
1542 		if (lockit)
1543 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&current->pi_lock, flags);
1544 	}
1545 
1546 	/* Delay if neither beginning nor end and there was a change. */
1547 	if ((statesnew || statesold) && *readstate && newstate)
1548 		cur_ops->read_delay(trsp, rtrsp);
1549 
1550 	/* Update the reader state. */
1551 	if (idxnew1 == -1)
1552 		idxnew1 = idxold1 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1;
1553 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 < 0);
1554 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE((idxnew1 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1) > 1))
1555 		pr_info("Unexpected idxnew1 value of %#x\n", idxnew1);
1556 	if (idxnew2 == -1)
1557 		idxnew2 = idxold2 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2;
1558 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew2 < 0);
1559 	WARN_ON_ONCE((idxnew2 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) > 1);
1560 	*readstate = idxnew1 | idxnew2 | newstate;
1561 	WARN_ON_ONCE(*readstate < 0);
1562 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE((*readstate >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) > 1))
1563 		pr_info("Unexpected idxnew2 value of %#x\n", idxnew2);
1564 }
1565 
1566 /* Return the biggest extendables mask given current RCU and boot parameters. */
1567 static int rcutorture_extend_mask_max(void)
1568 {
1569 	int mask;
1570 
1571 	WARN_ON_ONCE(extendables & ~RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND);
1572 	mask = extendables & RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND & cur_ops->extendables;
1573 	mask = mask | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
1574 	return mask;
1575 }
1576 
1577 /* Return a random protection state mask, but with at least one bit set. */
1578 static int
1579 rcutorture_extend_mask(int oldmask, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1580 {
1581 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
1582 	unsigned long randmask1 = torture_random(trsp) >> 8;
1583 	unsigned long randmask2 = randmask1 >> 3;
1584 	unsigned long preempts = RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED;
1585 	unsigned long preempts_irq = preempts | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ;
1586 	unsigned long bhs = RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH;
1587 
1588 	WARN_ON_ONCE(mask >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1);
1589 	/* Mostly only one bit (need preemption!), sometimes lots of bits. */
1590 	if (!(randmask1 & 0x7))
1591 		mask = mask & randmask2;
1592 	else
1593 		mask = mask & (1 << (randmask2 % RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS));
1594 
1595 	// Can't have nested RCU reader without outer RCU reader.
1596 	if (!(mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1) && (mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)) {
1597 		if (oldmask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
1598 			mask &= ~RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
1599 		else
1600 			mask |= RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1;
1601 	}
1602 
1603 	/*
1604 	 * Can't enable bh w/irq disabled.
1605 	 */
1606 	if (mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1607 		mask |= oldmask & bhs;
1608 
1609 	/*
1610 	 * Ideally these sequences would be detected in debug builds
1611 	 * (regardless of RT), but until then don't stop testing
1612 	 * them on non-RT.
1613 	 */
1614 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)) {
1615 		/* Can't modify BH in atomic context */
1616 		if (oldmask & preempts_irq)
1617 			mask &= ~bhs;
1618 		if ((oldmask | mask) & preempts_irq)
1619 			mask |= oldmask & bhs;
1620 	}
1621 
1622 	return mask ?: RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1;
1623 }
1624 
1625 /*
1626  * Do a randomly selected number of extensions of an existing RCU read-side
1627  * critical section.
1628  */
1629 static struct rt_read_seg *
1630 rcutorture_loop_extend(int *readstate, struct torture_random_state *trsp,
1631 		       struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
1632 {
1633 	int i;
1634 	int j;
1635 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
1636 
1637 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!*readstate); /* -Existing- RCU read-side critsect! */
1638 	if (!((mask - 1) & mask))
1639 		return rtrsp;  /* Current RCU reader not extendable. */
1640 	/* Bias towards larger numbers of loops. */
1641 	i = (torture_random(trsp) >> 3);
1642 	i = ((i | (i >> 3)) & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS) + 1;
1643 	for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
1644 		mask = rcutorture_extend_mask(*readstate, trsp);
1645 		rcutorture_one_extend(readstate, mask, trsp, &rtrsp[j]);
1646 	}
1647 	return &rtrsp[j];
1648 }
1649 
1650 /*
1651  * Do one read-side critical section, returning false if there was
1652  * no data to read.  Can be invoked both from process context and
1653  * from a timer handler.
1654  */
1655 static bool rcu_torture_one_read(struct torture_random_state *trsp, long myid)
1656 {
1657 	unsigned long cookie;
1658 	int i;
1659 	unsigned long started;
1660 	unsigned long completed;
1661 	int newstate;
1662 	struct rcu_torture *p;
1663 	int pipe_count;
1664 	int readstate = 0;
1665 	struct rt_read_seg rtseg[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS] = { { 0 } };
1666 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp = &rtseg[0];
1667 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp1;
1668 	unsigned long long ts;
1669 
1670 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_is_watching());
1671 	newstate = rcutorture_extend_mask(readstate, trsp);
1672 	rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, newstate, trsp, rtrsp++);
1673 	if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
1674 		cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1675 	started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
1676 	ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
1677 	p = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
1678 				  !cur_ops->readlock_held || cur_ops->readlock_held());
1679 	if (p == NULL) {
1680 		/* Wait for rcu_torture_writer to get underway */
1681 		rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, 0, trsp, rtrsp);
1682 		return false;
1683 	}
1684 	if (p->rtort_mbtest == 0)
1685 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mberror);
1686 	rcu_torture_reader_do_mbchk(myid, p, trsp);
1687 	rtrsp = rcutorture_loop_extend(&readstate, trsp, rtrsp);
1688 	preempt_disable();
1689 	pipe_count = READ_ONCE(p->rtort_pipe_count);
1690 	if (pipe_count > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
1691 		/* Should not happen, but... */
1692 		pipe_count = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1693 	}
1694 	completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
1695 	if (pipe_count > 1) {
1696 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, &p->rtort_rcu,
1697 					  ts, started, completed);
1698 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1699 	}
1700 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_count[pipe_count]);
1701 	completed = rcutorture_seq_diff(completed, started);
1702 	if (completed > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
1703 		/* Should not happen, but... */
1704 		completed = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1705 	}
1706 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_batch[completed]);
1707 	preempt_enable();
1708 	if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
1709 		WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1710 			  "%s: Cookie check 2 failed %s(%d) %lu->%lu\n",
1711 			  __func__,
1712 			  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1713 			  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1714 			  cookie, cur_ops->get_gp_state());
1715 	rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, 0, trsp, rtrsp);
1716 	WARN_ON_ONCE(readstate);
1717 	// This next splat is expected behavior if leakpointer, especially
1718 	// for CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD=y kernels.
1719 	WARN_ON_ONCE(leakpointer && READ_ONCE(p->rtort_pipe_count) > 1);
1720 
1721 	/* If error or close call, record the sequence of reader protections. */
1722 	if ((pipe_count > 1 || completed > 1) && !xchg(&err_segs_recorded, 1)) {
1723 		i = 0;
1724 		for (rtrsp1 = &rtseg[0]; rtrsp1 < rtrsp; rtrsp1++)
1725 			err_segs[i++] = *rtrsp1;
1726 		rt_read_nsegs = i;
1727 	}
1728 
1729 	return true;
1730 }
1731 
1732 static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM_PERCPU(rcu_torture_timer_rand);
1733 
1734 /*
1735  * RCU torture reader from timer handler.  Dereferences rcu_torture_current,
1736  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
1737  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
1738  * RCU implementation is broken.
1739  */
1740 static void rcu_torture_timer(struct timer_list *unused)
1741 {
1742 	atomic_long_inc(&n_rcu_torture_timers);
1743 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_torture_timer_rand), -1);
1744 
1745 	/* Test call_rcu() invocation from interrupt handler. */
1746 	if (cur_ops->call) {
1747 		struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_NOWAIT);
1748 
1749 		if (rhp)
1750 			cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_timer_cb);
1751 	}
1752 }
1753 
1754 /*
1755  * RCU torture reader kthread.  Repeatedly dereferences rcu_torture_current,
1756  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
1757  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
1758  * RCU implementation is broken.
1759  */
1760 static int
1761 rcu_torture_reader(void *arg)
1762 {
1763 	unsigned long lastsleep = jiffies;
1764 	long myid = (long)arg;
1765 	int mynumonline = myid;
1766 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1767 	struct timer_list t;
1768 
1769 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_reader task started");
1770 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
1771 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable)
1772 		timer_setup_on_stack(&t, rcu_torture_timer, 0);
1773 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
1774 	do {
1775 		if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
1776 			if (!timer_pending(&t))
1777 				mod_timer(&t, jiffies + 1);
1778 		}
1779 		if (!rcu_torture_one_read(&rand, myid) && !torture_must_stop())
1780 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ);
1781 		if (time_after(jiffies, lastsleep) && !torture_must_stop()) {
1782 			torture_hrtimeout_us(500, 1000, &rand);
1783 			lastsleep = jiffies + 10;
1784 		}
1785 		while (torture_num_online_cpus() < mynumonline && !torture_must_stop())
1786 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 5);
1787 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_reader");
1788 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1789 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
1790 		del_timer_sync(&t);
1791 		destroy_timer_on_stack(&t);
1792 	}
1793 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
1794 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_reader");
1795 	return 0;
1796 }
1797 
1798 /*
1799  * Randomly Toggle CPUs' callback-offload state.  This uses hrtimers to
1800  * increase race probabilities and fuzzes the interval between toggling.
1801  */
1802 static int rcu_nocb_toggle(void *arg)
1803 {
1804 	int cpu;
1805 	int maxcpu = -1;
1806 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1807 	long r;
1808 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1809 	ktime_t toggle_delay;
1810 	unsigned long toggle_fuzz;
1811 	ktime_t toggle_interval = ms_to_ktime(nocbs_toggle);
1812 
1813 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_nocb_toggle task started");
1814 	while (!rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended())
1815 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
1816 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
1817 		maxcpu = cpu;
1818 	WARN_ON(maxcpu < 0);
1819 	if (toggle_interval > ULONG_MAX)
1820 		toggle_fuzz = ULONG_MAX >> 3;
1821 	else
1822 		toggle_fuzz = toggle_interval >> 3;
1823 	if (toggle_fuzz <= 0)
1824 		toggle_fuzz = NSEC_PER_USEC;
1825 	do {
1826 		r = torture_random(&rand);
1827 		cpu = (r >> 4) % (maxcpu + 1);
1828 		if (r & 0x1) {
1829 			rcu_nocb_cpu_offload(cpu);
1830 			atomic_long_inc(&n_nocb_offload);
1831 		} else {
1832 			rcu_nocb_cpu_deoffload(cpu);
1833 			atomic_long_inc(&n_nocb_deoffload);
1834 		}
1835 		toggle_delay = torture_random(&rand) % toggle_fuzz + toggle_interval;
1836 		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
1837 		schedule_hrtimeout(&toggle_delay, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
1838 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_nocb_toggle"))
1839 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1840 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1841 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_nocb_toggle");
1842 	return 0;
1843 }
1844 
1845 /*
1846  * Print torture statistics.  Caller must ensure that there is only
1847  * one call to this function at a given time!!!  This is normally
1848  * accomplished by relying on the module system to only have one copy
1849  * of the module loaded, and then by giving the rcu_torture_stats
1850  * kthread full control (or the init/cleanup functions when rcu_torture_stats
1851  * thread is not running).
1852  */
1853 static void
1854 rcu_torture_stats_print(void)
1855 {
1856 	int cpu;
1857 	int i;
1858 	long pipesummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
1859 	long batchsummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
1860 	struct rcu_torture *rtcp;
1861 	static unsigned long rtcv_snap = ULONG_MAX;
1862 	static bool splatted;
1863 	struct task_struct *wtp;
1864 
1865 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
1866 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
1867 			pipesummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i]);
1868 			batchsummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i]);
1869 		}
1870 	}
1871 	for (i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
1872 		if (pipesummary[i] != 0)
1873 			break;
1874 	}
1875 
1876 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
1877 	rtcp = rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current);
1878 	pr_cont("rtc: %p %s: %lu tfle: %d rta: %d rtaf: %d rtf: %d ",
1879 		rtcp,
1880 		rtcp && !rcu_stall_is_suppressed_at_boot() ? "ver" : "VER",
1881 		rcu_torture_current_version,
1882 		list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist),
1883 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc),
1884 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail),
1885 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_free));
1886 	pr_cont("rtmbe: %d rtmbkf: %d/%d rtbe: %ld rtbke: %ld rtbre: %ld ",
1887 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror),
1888 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail), atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries),
1889 		n_rcu_torture_barrier_error,
1890 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror,
1891 		n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror);
1892 	pr_cont("rtbf: %ld rtb: %ld nt: %ld ",
1893 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure,
1894 		n_rcu_torture_boosts,
1895 		atomic_long_read(&n_rcu_torture_timers));
1896 	torture_onoff_stats();
1897 	pr_cont("barrier: %ld/%ld:%ld ",
1898 		data_race(n_barrier_successes),
1899 		data_race(n_barrier_attempts),
1900 		data_race(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error));
1901 	pr_cont("read-exits: %ld ", data_race(n_read_exits)); // Statistic.
1902 	pr_cont("nocb-toggles: %ld:%ld\n",
1903 		atomic_long_read(&n_nocb_offload), atomic_long_read(&n_nocb_deoffload));
1904 
1905 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
1906 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror) ||
1907 	    atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail) ||
1908 	    n_rcu_torture_barrier_error || n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror ||
1909 	    n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror || n_rcu_torture_boost_failure ||
1910 	    i > 1) {
1911 		pr_cont("%s", "!!! ");
1912 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_error);
1913 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror));
1914 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail));
1915 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error);  // rcu_barrier()
1916 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror); // no boost kthread
1917 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror); // can't set RT prio
1918 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_failure); // boost failed (TIMER_SOFTIRQ RT prio?)
1919 		WARN_ON_ONCE(i > 1); // Too-short grace period
1920 	}
1921 	pr_cont("Reader Pipe: ");
1922 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
1923 		pr_cont(" %ld", pipesummary[i]);
1924 	pr_cont("\n");
1925 
1926 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
1927 	pr_cont("Reader Batch: ");
1928 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
1929 		pr_cont(" %ld", batchsummary[i]);
1930 	pr_cont("\n");
1931 
1932 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
1933 	pr_cont("Free-Block Circulation: ");
1934 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
1935 		pr_cont(" %d", atomic_read(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]));
1936 	}
1937 	pr_cont("\n");
1938 
1939 	if (cur_ops->stats)
1940 		cur_ops->stats();
1941 	if (rtcv_snap == rcu_torture_current_version &&
1942 	    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) &&
1943 	    !rcu_stall_is_suppressed()) {
1944 		int __maybe_unused flags = 0;
1945 		unsigned long __maybe_unused gp_seq = 0;
1946 
1947 		rcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype,
1948 				       &flags, &gp_seq);
1949 		srcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, srcu_ctlp,
1950 					&flags, &gp_seq);
1951 		wtp = READ_ONCE(writer_task);
1952 		pr_alert("??? Writer stall state %s(%d) g%lu f%#x ->state %#x cpu %d\n",
1953 			 rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1954 			 rcu_torture_writer_state, gp_seq, flags,
1955 			 wtp == NULL ? ~0U : wtp->__state,
1956 			 wtp == NULL ? -1 : (int)task_cpu(wtp));
1957 		if (!splatted && wtp) {
1958 			sched_show_task(wtp);
1959 			splatted = true;
1960 		}
1961 		if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
1962 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
1963 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1964 	}
1965 	rtcv_snap = rcu_torture_current_version;
1966 }
1967 
1968 /*
1969  * Periodically prints torture statistics, if periodic statistics printing
1970  * was specified via the stat_interval module parameter.
1971  */
1972 static int
1973 rcu_torture_stats(void *arg)
1974 {
1975 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stats task started");
1976 	do {
1977 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stat_interval * HZ);
1978 		rcu_torture_stats_print();
1979 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stats");
1980 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1981 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_stats");
1982 	return 0;
1983 }
1984 
1985 /* Test mem_dump_obj() and friends.  */
1986 static void rcu_torture_mem_dump_obj(void)
1987 {
1988 	struct rcu_head *rhp;
1989 	struct kmem_cache *kcp;
1990 	static int z;
1991 
1992 	kcp = kmem_cache_create("rcuscale", 136, 8, SLAB_STORE_USER, NULL);
1993 	rhp = kmem_cache_alloc(kcp, GFP_KERNEL);
1994 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() slab test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px, &z = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp, &z);
1995 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(ZERO_SIZE_PTR):");
1996 	mem_dump_obj(ZERO_SIZE_PTR);
1997 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(NULL):");
1998 	mem_dump_obj(NULL);
1999 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &rhp);
2000 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp);
2001 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", rhp);
2002 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2003 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &rhp->func);
2004 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2005 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &z);
2006 	mem_dump_obj(&z);
2007 	kmem_cache_free(kcp, rhp);
2008 	kmem_cache_destroy(kcp);
2009 	rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
2010 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() kmalloc test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp);
2011 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(kmalloc %px):", rhp);
2012 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2013 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(kmalloc %px):", &rhp->func);
2014 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2015 	kfree(rhp);
2016 	rhp = vmalloc(4096);
2017 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() vmalloc test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp);
2018 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(vmalloc %px):", rhp);
2019 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2020 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(vmalloc %px):", &rhp->func);
2021 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2022 	vfree(rhp);
2023 }
2024 
2025 static void
2026 rcu_torture_print_module_parms(struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops, const char *tag)
2027 {
2028 	pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
2029 		 "--- %s: nreaders=%d nfakewriters=%d "
2030 		 "stat_interval=%d verbose=%d test_no_idle_hz=%d "
2031 		 "shuffle_interval=%d stutter=%d irqreader=%d "
2032 		 "fqs_duration=%d fqs_holdoff=%d fqs_stutter=%d "
2033 		 "test_boost=%d/%d test_boost_interval=%d "
2034 		 "test_boost_duration=%d shutdown_secs=%d "
2035 		 "stall_cpu=%d stall_cpu_holdoff=%d stall_cpu_irqsoff=%d "
2036 		 "stall_cpu_block=%d "
2037 		 "n_barrier_cbs=%d "
2038 		 "onoff_interval=%d onoff_holdoff=%d "
2039 		 "read_exit_delay=%d read_exit_burst=%d "
2040 		 "nocbs_nthreads=%d nocbs_toggle=%d\n",
2041 		 torture_type, tag, nrealreaders, nfakewriters,
2042 		 stat_interval, verbose, test_no_idle_hz, shuffle_interval,
2043 		 stutter, irqreader, fqs_duration, fqs_holdoff, fqs_stutter,
2044 		 test_boost, cur_ops->can_boost,
2045 		 test_boost_interval, test_boost_duration, shutdown_secs,
2046 		 stall_cpu, stall_cpu_holdoff, stall_cpu_irqsoff,
2047 		 stall_cpu_block,
2048 		 n_barrier_cbs,
2049 		 onoff_interval, onoff_holdoff,
2050 		 read_exit_delay, read_exit_burst,
2051 		 nocbs_nthreads, nocbs_toggle);
2052 }
2053 
2054 static int rcutorture_booster_cleanup(unsigned int cpu)
2055 {
2056 	struct task_struct *t;
2057 
2058 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] == NULL)
2059 		return 0;
2060 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
2061 	t = boost_tasks[cpu];
2062 	boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
2063 	rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle();
2064 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2065 
2066 	/* This must be outside of the mutex, otherwise deadlock! */
2067 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_boost, t);
2068 	return 0;
2069 }
2070 
2071 static int rcutorture_booster_init(unsigned int cpu)
2072 {
2073 	int retval;
2074 
2075 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] != NULL)
2076 		return 0;  /* Already created, nothing more to do. */
2077 
2078 	/* Don't allow time recalculation while creating a new task. */
2079 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
2080 	rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle();
2081 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Creating rcu_torture_boost task");
2082 	boost_tasks[cpu] = kthread_run_on_cpu(rcu_torture_boost, NULL,
2083 					      cpu, "rcu_torture_boost_%u");
2084 	if (IS_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu])) {
2085 		retval = PTR_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu]);
2086 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost task create failed");
2087 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror++;
2088 		boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
2089 		mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2090 		return retval;
2091 	}
2092 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2093 	return 0;
2094 }
2095 
2096 /*
2097  * CPU-stall kthread.  It waits as specified by stall_cpu_holdoff, then
2098  * induces a CPU stall for the time specified by stall_cpu.
2099  */
2100 static int rcu_torture_stall(void *args)
2101 {
2102 	int idx;
2103 	unsigned long stop_at;
2104 
2105 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall task started");
2106 	if (stall_cpu_holdoff > 0) {
2107 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin holdoff");
2108 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stall_cpu_holdoff * HZ);
2109 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall end holdoff");
2110 	}
2111 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_gp_kthread > 0) {
2112 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin GP stall");
2113 		rcu_gp_set_torture_wait(stall_gp_kthread * HZ);
2114 		for (idx = 0; idx < stall_gp_kthread + 2; idx++) {
2115 			if (kthread_should_stop())
2116 				break;
2117 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2118 		}
2119 	}
2120 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_cpu > 0) {
2121 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin CPU stall");
2122 		stop_at = ktime_get_seconds() + stall_cpu;
2123 		/* RCU CPU stall is expected behavior in following code. */
2124 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
2125 		if (stall_cpu_irqsoff)
2126 			local_irq_disable();
2127 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
2128 			preempt_disable();
2129 		pr_alert("%s start on CPU %d.\n",
2130 			  __func__, raw_smp_processor_id());
2131 		while (ULONG_CMP_LT((unsigned long)ktime_get_seconds(),
2132 				    stop_at))
2133 			if (stall_cpu_block) {
2134 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPTION
2135 				preempt_schedule();
2136 #else
2137 				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2138 #endif
2139 			} else if (stall_no_softlockup) {
2140 				touch_softlockup_watchdog();
2141 			}
2142 		if (stall_cpu_irqsoff)
2143 			local_irq_enable();
2144 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
2145 			preempt_enable();
2146 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
2147 	}
2148 	pr_alert("%s end.\n", __func__);
2149 	torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stall");
2150 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
2151 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(10 * HZ);
2152 	return 0;
2153 }
2154 
2155 /* Spawn CPU-stall kthread, if stall_cpu specified. */
2156 static int __init rcu_torture_stall_init(void)
2157 {
2158 	if (stall_cpu <= 0 && stall_gp_kthread <= 0)
2159 		return 0;
2160 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, NULL, stall_task);
2161 }
2162 
2163 /* State structure for forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback. */
2164 struct fwd_cb_state {
2165 	struct rcu_head rh;
2166 	int stop;
2167 };
2168 
2169 /*
2170  * Forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback function.  Because
2171  * callbacks run from softirq, this function is an implicit RCU read-side
2172  * critical section.
2173  */
2174 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
2175 {
2176 	struct fwd_cb_state *fcsp = container_of(rhp, struct fwd_cb_state, rh);
2177 
2178 	if (READ_ONCE(fcsp->stop)) {
2179 		WRITE_ONCE(fcsp->stop, 2);
2180 		return;
2181 	}
2182 	cur_ops->call(&fcsp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
2183 }
2184 
2185 /* State for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
2186 struct rcu_fwd_cb {
2187 	struct rcu_head rh;
2188 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfc_next;
2189 	struct rcu_fwd *rfc_rfp;
2190 	int rfc_gps;
2191 };
2192 
2193 #define MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES	(8 * HZ) /* Maximum CB test duration. */
2194 #define MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS	3	/* This many CB invocations to count. */
2195 #define MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED	100	/* Number of counted CBs. */
2196 #define FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV	10	/* Histogram buckets/second. */
2197 #define N_LAUNDERS_HIST (2 * MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV))
2198 
2199 struct rcu_launder_hist {
2200 	long n_launders;
2201 	unsigned long launder_gp_seq;
2202 };
2203 
2204 struct rcu_fwd {
2205 	spinlock_t rcu_fwd_lock;
2206 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2207 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
2208 	long n_launders_cb;
2209 	unsigned long rcu_fwd_startat;
2210 	struct rcu_launder_hist n_launders_hist[N_LAUNDERS_HIST];
2211 	unsigned long rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
2212 	int rcu_fwd_id;
2213 };
2214 
2215 static DEFINE_MUTEX(rcu_fwd_mutex);
2216 static struct rcu_fwd *rcu_fwds;
2217 static unsigned long rcu_fwd_seq;
2218 static atomic_long_t rcu_fwd_max_cbs;
2219 static bool rcu_fwd_emergency_stop;
2220 
2221 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2222 {
2223 	unsigned long gps;
2224 	unsigned long gps_old;
2225 	int i;
2226 	int j;
2227 
2228 	for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1; i > 0; i--)
2229 		if (rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders > 0)
2230 			break;
2231 	pr_alert("%s: Callback-invocation histogram %d (duration %lu jiffies):",
2232 		 __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id, jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat);
2233 	gps_old = rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
2234 	for (j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
2235 		gps = rfp->n_launders_hist[j].launder_gp_seq;
2236 		pr_cont(" %ds/%d: %ld:%ld",
2237 			j + 1, FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV,
2238 			rfp->n_launders_hist[j].n_launders,
2239 			rcutorture_seq_diff(gps, gps_old));
2240 		gps_old = gps;
2241 	}
2242 	pr_cont("\n");
2243 }
2244 
2245 /* Callback function for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
2246 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr(struct rcu_head *rhp)
2247 {
2248 	unsigned long flags;
2249 	int i;
2250 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp = container_of(rhp, struct rcu_fwd_cb, rh);
2251 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rfcpp;
2252 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = rfcp->rfc_rfp;
2253 
2254 	rfcp->rfc_next = NULL;
2255 	rfcp->rfc_gps++;
2256 	spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2257 	rfcpp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
2258 	rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfcp->rfc_next;
2259 	WRITE_ONCE(*rfcpp, rfcp);
2260 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb, rfp->n_launders_cb + 1);
2261 	i = ((jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat) / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV));
2262 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist))
2263 		i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1;
2264 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders++;
2265 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].launder_gp_seq = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2266 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2267 }
2268 
2269 // Give the scheduler a chance, even on nohz_full CPUs.
2270 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(unsigned long iter)
2271 {
2272 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPTION) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL)) {
2273 		// Real call_rcu() floods hit userspace, so emulate that.
2274 		if (need_resched() || (iter & 0xfff))
2275 			schedule();
2276 		return;
2277 	}
2278 	// No userspace emulation: CB invocation throttles call_rcu()
2279 	cond_resched();
2280 }
2281 
2282 /*
2283  * Free all callbacks on the rcu_fwd_cb_head list, either because the
2284  * test is over or because we hit an OOM event.
2285  */
2286 static unsigned long rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2287 {
2288 	unsigned long flags;
2289 	unsigned long freed = 0;
2290 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
2291 
2292 	for (;;) {
2293 		spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2294 		rfcp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2295 		if (!rfcp) {
2296 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2297 			break;
2298 		}
2299 		rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcp->rfc_next;
2300 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head)
2301 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2302 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2303 		kfree(rfcp);
2304 		freed++;
2305 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(freed);
2306 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
2307 			local_irq_save(flags);
2308 			rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle();
2309 			local_irq_restore(flags);
2310 		}
2311 	}
2312 	return freed;
2313 }
2314 
2315 /* Carry out need_resched()/cond_resched() forward-progress testing. */
2316 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp,
2317 				    int *tested, int *tested_tries)
2318 {
2319 	unsigned long cver;
2320 	unsigned long dur;
2321 	struct fwd_cb_state fcs;
2322 	unsigned long gps;
2323 	int idx;
2324 	int sd;
2325 	int sd4;
2326 	bool selfpropcb = false;
2327 	unsigned long stopat;
2328 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
2329 
2330 	pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2331 	if (!cur_ops->sync)
2332 		return; // Cannot do need_resched() forward progress testing without ->sync.
2333 	if (cur_ops->call && cur_ops->cb_barrier) {
2334 		init_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
2335 		selfpropcb = true;
2336 	}
2337 
2338 	/* Tight loop containing cond_resched(). */
2339 	atomic_inc(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2340 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
2341 	if  (selfpropcb) {
2342 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 0);
2343 		cur_ops->call(&fcs.rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
2344 	}
2345 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
2346 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2347 	sd = cur_ops->stall_dur() + 1;
2348 	sd4 = (sd + fwd_progress_div - 1) / fwd_progress_div;
2349 	dur = sd4 + torture_random(&trs) % (sd - sd4);
2350 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
2351 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + dur;
2352 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2353 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2354 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2355 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
2356 		udelay(10);
2357 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
2358 		if (!fwd_progress_need_resched || need_resched())
2359 			cond_resched();
2360 	}
2361 	(*tested_tries)++;
2362 	if (!time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2363 	    !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2364 	    !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2365 		(*tested)++;
2366 		cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
2367 		gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
2368 		WARN_ON(!cver && gps < 2);
2369 		pr_alert("%s: %d Duration %ld cver %ld gps %ld\n", __func__,
2370 			 rfp->rcu_fwd_id, dur, cver, gps);
2371 	}
2372 	if (selfpropcb) {
2373 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 1);
2374 		cur_ops->sync(); /* Wait for running CB to complete. */
2375 		pr_alert("%s: Waiting for CBs: %pS() %d\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2376 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for queued callbacks. */
2377 	}
2378 
2379 	if (selfpropcb) {
2380 		WARN_ON(READ_ONCE(fcs.stop) != 2);
2381 		destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
2382 	}
2383 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 10); /* Let kthreads recover. */
2384 	atomic_dec(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2385 }
2386 
2387 /* Carry out call_rcu() forward-progress testing. */
2388 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2389 {
2390 	unsigned long cver;
2391 	unsigned long flags;
2392 	unsigned long gps;
2393 	int i;
2394 	long n_launders;
2395 	long n_launders_cb_snap;
2396 	long n_launders_sa;
2397 	long n_max_cbs;
2398 	long n_max_gps;
2399 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
2400 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcpn;
2401 	unsigned long stopat;
2402 	unsigned long stoppedat;
2403 
2404 	pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2405 	if (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop))
2406 		return; /* Get out of the way quickly, no GP wait! */
2407 	if (!cur_ops->call)
2408 		return; /* Can't do call_rcu() fwd prog without ->call. */
2409 
2410 	/* Loop continuously posting RCU callbacks. */
2411 	atomic_inc(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2412 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
2413 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
2414 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES;
2415 	n_launders = 0;
2416 	rfp->n_launders_cb = 0; // Hoist initialization for multi-kthread
2417 	n_launders_sa = 0;
2418 	n_max_cbs = 0;
2419 	n_max_gps = 0;
2420 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist); i++)
2421 		rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders = 0;
2422 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
2423 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2424 	rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start = gps;
2425 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2426 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2427 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2428 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2429 		rfcp = READ_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head);
2430 		rfcpn = NULL;
2431 		if (rfcp)
2432 			rfcpn = READ_ONCE(rfcp->rfc_next);
2433 		if (rfcpn) {
2434 			if (rfcp->rfc_gps >= MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS &&
2435 			    ++n_max_gps >= MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED)
2436 				break;
2437 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcpn;
2438 			n_launders++;
2439 			n_launders_sa++;
2440 		} else if (!cur_ops->cbflood_max || cur_ops->cbflood_max > n_max_cbs) {
2441 			rfcp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rfcp), GFP_KERNEL);
2442 			if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rfcp)) {
2443 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
2444 				continue;
2445 			}
2446 			n_max_cbs++;
2447 			n_launders_sa = 0;
2448 			rfcp->rfc_gps = 0;
2449 			rfcp->rfc_rfp = rfp;
2450 		} else {
2451 			rfcp = NULL;
2452 		}
2453 		if (rfcp)
2454 			cur_ops->call(&rfcp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr);
2455 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(n_launders + n_max_cbs);
2456 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
2457 			local_irq_save(flags);
2458 			rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle();
2459 			local_irq_restore(flags);
2460 		}
2461 	}
2462 	stoppedat = jiffies;
2463 	n_launders_cb_snap = READ_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb);
2464 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
2465 	gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
2466 	pr_alert("%s: Waiting for CBs: %pS() %d\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2467 	cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for callbacks to be invoked. */
2468 	(void)rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(rfp);
2469 
2470 	if (!torture_must_stop() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) &&
2471 	    !shutdown_time_arrived()) {
2472 		WARN_ON(n_max_gps < MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED);
2473 		pr_alert("%s Duration %lu barrier: %lu pending %ld n_launders: %ld n_launders_sa: %ld n_max_gps: %ld n_max_cbs: %ld cver %ld gps %ld\n",
2474 			 __func__,
2475 			 stoppedat - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies - stoppedat,
2476 			 n_launders + n_max_cbs - n_launders_cb_snap,
2477 			 n_launders, n_launders_sa,
2478 			 n_max_gps, n_max_cbs, cver, gps);
2479 		atomic_long_add(n_max_cbs, &rcu_fwd_max_cbs);
2480 		mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex); // Serialize histograms.
2481 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(rfp);
2482 		mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2483 	}
2484 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ); /* Let CBs drain. */
2485 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2486 	atomic_dec(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2487 }
2488 
2489 
2490 /*
2491  * OOM notifier, but this only prints diagnostic information for the
2492  * current forward-progress test.
2493  */
2494 static int rcutorture_oom_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
2495 				 unsigned long notused, void *nfreed)
2496 {
2497 	int i;
2498 	long ncbs;
2499 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2500 
2501 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2502 	rfp = rcu_fwds;
2503 	if (!rfp) {
2504 		mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2505 		return NOTIFY_OK;
2506 	}
2507 	WARN(1, "%s invoked upon OOM during forward-progress testing.\n",
2508 	     __func__);
2509 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
2510 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(&rfp[i]);
2511 		rcu_fwd_progress_check(1 + (jiffies - READ_ONCE(rfp[i].rcu_fwd_startat)) / 2);
2512 	}
2513 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, true);
2514 	smp_mb(); /* Emergency stop before free and wait to avoid hangs. */
2515 	ncbs = 0;
2516 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2517 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2518 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2519 	rcu_barrier();
2520 	ncbs = 0;
2521 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2522 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2523 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2524 	rcu_barrier();
2525 	ncbs = 0;
2526 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2527 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2528 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2529 	smp_mb(); /* Frees before return to avoid redoing OOM. */
2530 	(*(unsigned long *)nfreed)++; /* Forward progress CBs freed! */
2531 	pr_info("%s returning after OOM processing.\n", __func__);
2532 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2533 	return NOTIFY_OK;
2534 }
2535 
2536 static struct notifier_block rcutorture_oom_nb = {
2537 	.notifier_call = rcutorture_oom_notify
2538 };
2539 
2540 /* Carry out grace-period forward-progress testing. */
2541 static int rcu_torture_fwd_prog(void *args)
2542 {
2543 	bool firsttime = true;
2544 	long max_cbs;
2545 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
2546 	unsigned long oldseq = READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq);
2547 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = args;
2548 	int tested = 0;
2549 	int tested_tries = 0;
2550 
2551 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_progress task started");
2552 	rcu_bind_current_to_nocb();
2553 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP) || !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST))
2554 		set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2555 	do {
2556 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_id) {
2557 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(fwd_progress_holdoff * HZ);
2558 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, false);
2559 			if (!firsttime) {
2560 				max_cbs = atomic_long_xchg(&rcu_fwd_max_cbs, 0);
2561 				pr_alert("%s n_max_cbs: %ld\n", __func__, max_cbs);
2562 			}
2563 			firsttime = false;
2564 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq, rcu_fwd_seq + 1);
2565 		} else {
2566 			while (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq) == oldseq && !torture_must_stop())
2567 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
2568 			oldseq = READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq);
2569 		}
2570 		pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2571 		if (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() && torture_num_online_cpus() > rfp->rcu_fwd_id)
2572 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(rfp);
2573 		if ((cur_ops->stall_dur && cur_ops->stall_dur() > 0) &&
2574 		    (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_RCU) ||
2575 		     (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() &&
2576 		      torture_num_online_cpus() > rfp->rcu_fwd_id)))
2577 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(rfp, &tested, &tested_tries);
2578 
2579 		/* Avoid slow periods, better to test when busy. */
2580 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fwd_prog"))
2581 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
2582 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2583 	/* Short runs might not contain a valid forward-progress attempt. */
2584 	if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_id) {
2585 		WARN_ON(!tested && tested_tries >= 5);
2586 		pr_alert("%s: tested %d tested_tries %d\n", __func__, tested, tested_tries);
2587 	}
2588 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fwd_prog");
2589 	return 0;
2590 }
2591 
2592 /* If forward-progress checking is requested and feasible, spawn the thread. */
2593 static int __init rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init(void)
2594 {
2595 	int i;
2596 	int ret = 0;
2597 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2598 
2599 	if (!fwd_progress)
2600 		return 0; /* Not requested, so don't do it. */
2601 	if (fwd_progress >= nr_cpu_ids) {
2602 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Limiting fwd_progress to # CPUs.\n");
2603 		fwd_progress = nr_cpu_ids;
2604 	} else if (fwd_progress < 0) {
2605 		fwd_progress = nr_cpu_ids;
2606 	}
2607 	if ((!cur_ops->sync && !cur_ops->call) ||
2608 	    (!cur_ops->cbflood_max && (!cur_ops->stall_dur || cur_ops->stall_dur() <= 0)) ||
2609 	    cur_ops == &rcu_busted_ops) {
2610 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, unsupported by RCU flavor under test");
2611 		fwd_progress = 0;
2612 		return 0;
2613 	}
2614 	if (stall_cpu > 0) {
2615 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, conflicts with CPU-stall testing");
2616 		fwd_progress = 0;
2617 		if (IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST))
2618 			return -EINVAL; /* In module, can fail back to user. */
2619 		WARN_ON(1); /* Make sure rcutorture notices conflict. */
2620 		return 0;
2621 	}
2622 	if (fwd_progress_holdoff <= 0)
2623 		fwd_progress_holdoff = 1;
2624 	if (fwd_progress_div <= 0)
2625 		fwd_progress_div = 4;
2626 	rfp = kcalloc(fwd_progress, sizeof(*rfp), GFP_KERNEL);
2627 	fwd_prog_tasks = kcalloc(fwd_progress, sizeof(*fwd_prog_tasks), GFP_KERNEL);
2628 	if (!rfp || !fwd_prog_tasks) {
2629 		kfree(rfp);
2630 		kfree(fwd_prog_tasks);
2631 		fwd_prog_tasks = NULL;
2632 		fwd_progress = 0;
2633 		return -ENOMEM;
2634 	}
2635 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
2636 		spin_lock_init(&rfp[i].rcu_fwd_lock);
2637 		rfp[i].rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp[i].rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2638 		rfp[i].rcu_fwd_id = i;
2639 	}
2640 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2641 	rcu_fwds = rfp;
2642 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2643 	register_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
2644 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
2645 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, &rcu_fwds[i], fwd_prog_tasks[i]);
2646 		if (ret) {
2647 			fwd_progress = i;
2648 			return ret;
2649 		}
2650 	}
2651 	return 0;
2652 }
2653 
2654 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cleanup(void)
2655 {
2656 	int i;
2657 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2658 
2659 	if (!rcu_fwds || !fwd_prog_tasks)
2660 		return;
2661 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2662 		torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, fwd_prog_tasks[i]);
2663 	unregister_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
2664 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2665 	rfp = rcu_fwds;
2666 	rcu_fwds = NULL;
2667 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2668 	kfree(rfp);
2669 	kfree(fwd_prog_tasks);
2670 	fwd_prog_tasks = NULL;
2671 }
2672 
2673 /* Callback function for RCU barrier testing. */
2674 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cbf(struct rcu_head *rcu)
2675 {
2676 	atomic_inc(&barrier_cbs_invoked);
2677 }
2678 
2679 /* IPI handler to get callback posted on desired CPU, if online. */
2680 static void rcu_torture_barrier1cb(void *rcu_void)
2681 {
2682 	struct rcu_head *rhp = rcu_void;
2683 
2684 	cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
2685 }
2686 
2687 /* kthread function to register callbacks used to test RCU barriers. */
2688 static int rcu_torture_barrier_cbs(void *arg)
2689 {
2690 	long myid = (long)arg;
2691 	bool lastphase = false;
2692 	bool newphase;
2693 	struct rcu_head rcu;
2694 
2695 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
2696 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs task started");
2697 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2698 	do {
2699 		wait_event(barrier_cbs_wq[myid],
2700 			   (newphase =
2701 			    smp_load_acquire(&barrier_phase)) != lastphase ||
2702 			   torture_must_stop());
2703 		lastphase = newphase;
2704 		if (torture_must_stop())
2705 			break;
2706 		/*
2707 		 * The above smp_load_acquire() ensures barrier_phase load
2708 		 * is ordered before the following ->call().
2709 		 */
2710 		if (smp_call_function_single(myid, rcu_torture_barrier1cb,
2711 					     &rcu, 1)) {
2712 			// IPI failed, so use direct call from current CPU.
2713 			cur_ops->call(&rcu, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
2714 		}
2715 		if (atomic_dec_and_test(&barrier_cbs_count))
2716 			wake_up(&barrier_wq);
2717 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2718 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL)
2719 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2720 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
2721 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs");
2722 	return 0;
2723 }
2724 
2725 /* kthread function to drive and coordinate RCU barrier testing. */
2726 static int rcu_torture_barrier(void *arg)
2727 {
2728 	int i;
2729 
2730 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier task starting");
2731 	do {
2732 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
2733 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, n_barrier_cbs);
2734 		/* Ensure barrier_phase ordered after prior assignments. */
2735 		smp_store_release(&barrier_phase, !barrier_phase);
2736 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
2737 			wake_up(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
2738 		wait_event(barrier_wq,
2739 			   atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_count) == 0 ||
2740 			   torture_must_stop());
2741 		if (torture_must_stop())
2742 			break;
2743 		n_barrier_attempts++;
2744 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Implies smp_mb() for wait_event(). */
2745 		if (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) != n_barrier_cbs) {
2746 			n_rcu_torture_barrier_error++;
2747 			pr_err("barrier_cbs_invoked = %d, n_barrier_cbs = %d\n",
2748 			       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked),
2749 			       n_barrier_cbs);
2750 			WARN_ON(1);
2751 			// Wait manually for the remaining callbacks
2752 			i = 0;
2753 			do {
2754 				if (WARN_ON(i++ > HZ))
2755 					i = INT_MIN;
2756 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
2757 				cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2758 			} while (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) !=
2759 				 n_barrier_cbs &&
2760 				 !torture_must_stop());
2761 			smp_mb(); // Can't trust ordering if broken.
2762 			if (!torture_must_stop())
2763 				pr_err("Recovered: barrier_cbs_invoked = %d\n",
2764 				       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked));
2765 		} else {
2766 			n_barrier_successes++;
2767 		}
2768 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
2769 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2770 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier");
2771 	return 0;
2772 }
2773 
2774 /* Initialize RCU barrier testing. */
2775 static int rcu_torture_barrier_init(void)
2776 {
2777 	int i;
2778 	int ret;
2779 
2780 	if (n_barrier_cbs <= 0)
2781 		return 0;
2782 	if (cur_ops->call == NULL || cur_ops->cb_barrier == NULL) {
2783 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
2784 			 " Call or barrier ops missing for %s,\n",
2785 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
2786 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
2787 			 " RCU barrier testing omitted from run.\n",
2788 			 torture_type);
2789 		return 0;
2790 	}
2791 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, 0);
2792 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
2793 	barrier_cbs_tasks =
2794 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_tasks[0]),
2795 			GFP_KERNEL);
2796 	barrier_cbs_wq =
2797 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_wq[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
2798 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks == NULL || !barrier_cbs_wq)
2799 		return -ENOMEM;
2800 	for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++) {
2801 		init_waitqueue_head(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
2802 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
2803 					     (void *)(long)i,
2804 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
2805 		if (ret)
2806 			return ret;
2807 	}
2808 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, NULL, barrier_task);
2809 }
2810 
2811 /* Clean up after RCU barrier testing. */
2812 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup(void)
2813 {
2814 	int i;
2815 
2816 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, barrier_task);
2817 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks != NULL) {
2818 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
2819 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
2820 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
2821 		kfree(barrier_cbs_tasks);
2822 		barrier_cbs_tasks = NULL;
2823 	}
2824 	if (barrier_cbs_wq != NULL) {
2825 		kfree(barrier_cbs_wq);
2826 		barrier_cbs_wq = NULL;
2827 	}
2828 }
2829 
2830 static bool rcu_torture_can_boost(void)
2831 {
2832 	static int boost_warn_once;
2833 	int prio;
2834 
2835 	if (!(test_boost == 1 && cur_ops->can_boost) && test_boost != 2)
2836 		return false;
2837 	if (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
2838 		return false;
2839 
2840 	prio = rcu_get_gp_kthreads_prio();
2841 	if (!prio)
2842 		return false;
2843 
2844 	if (prio < 2) {
2845 		if (boost_warn_once == 1)
2846 			return false;
2847 
2848 		pr_alert("%s: WARN: RCU kthread priority too low to test boosting.  Skipping RCU boost test. Try passing rcutree.kthread_prio > 1 on the kernel command line.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
2849 		boost_warn_once = 1;
2850 		return false;
2851 	}
2852 
2853 	return true;
2854 }
2855 
2856 static bool read_exit_child_stop;
2857 static bool read_exit_child_stopped;
2858 static wait_queue_head_t read_exit_wq;
2859 
2860 // Child kthread which just does an rcutorture reader and exits.
2861 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_child(void *trsp_in)
2862 {
2863 	struct torture_random_state *trsp = trsp_in;
2864 
2865 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2866 	// Minimize time between reading and exiting.
2867 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
2868 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
2869 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(trsp, -1);
2870 	return 0;
2871 }
2872 
2873 // Parent kthread which creates and destroys read-exit child kthreads.
2874 static int rcu_torture_read_exit(void *unused)
2875 {
2876 	int count = 0;
2877 	bool errexit = false;
2878 	int i;
2879 	struct task_struct *tsp;
2880 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
2881 
2882 	// Allocate and initialize.
2883 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2884 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of test");
2885 
2886 	// Each pass through this loop does one read-exit episode.
2887 	do {
2888 		if (++count > read_exit_burst) {
2889 			VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: End of episode");
2890 			rcu_barrier(); // Wait for task_struct free, avoid OOM.
2891 			for (i = 0; i < read_exit_delay; i++) {
2892 				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2893 				if (READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
2894 					break;
2895 			}
2896 			if (!READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
2897 				VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of episode");
2898 			count = 0;
2899 		}
2900 		if (READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
2901 			break;
2902 		// Spawn child.
2903 		tsp = kthread_run(rcu_torture_read_exit_child,
2904 				     &trs, "%s",
2905 				     "rcu_torture_read_exit_child");
2906 		if (IS_ERR(tsp)) {
2907 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
2908 			errexit = true;
2909 			tsp = NULL;
2910 			break;
2911 		}
2912 		cond_resched();
2913 		kthread_stop(tsp);
2914 		n_read_exits ++;
2915 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_read_exit");
2916 	} while (!errexit && !READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop));
2917 
2918 	// Clean up and exit.
2919 	smp_store_release(&read_exit_child_stopped, true); // After reaping.
2920 	smp_mb(); // Store before wakeup.
2921 	wake_up(&read_exit_wq);
2922 	while (!torture_must_stop())
2923 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
2924 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_read_exit");
2925 	return 0;
2926 }
2927 
2928 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_init(void)
2929 {
2930 	if (read_exit_burst <= 0)
2931 		return 0;
2932 	init_waitqueue_head(&read_exit_wq);
2933 	read_exit_child_stop = false;
2934 	read_exit_child_stopped = false;
2935 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_read_exit, NULL,
2936 				      read_exit_task);
2937 }
2938 
2939 static void rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup(void)
2940 {
2941 	if (!read_exit_task)
2942 		return;
2943 	WRITE_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop, true);
2944 	smp_mb(); // Above write before wait.
2945 	wait_event(read_exit_wq, smp_load_acquire(&read_exit_child_stopped));
2946 	torture_stop_kthread(rcutorture_read_exit, read_exit_task);
2947 }
2948 
2949 static enum cpuhp_state rcutor_hp;
2950 
2951 static void
2952 rcu_torture_cleanup(void)
2953 {
2954 	int firsttime;
2955 	int flags = 0;
2956 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
2957 	int i;
2958 
2959 	if (torture_cleanup_begin()) {
2960 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL) {
2961 			pr_info("%s: Invoking %pS().\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier);
2962 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2963 		}
2964 		rcu_gp_slow_unregister(NULL);
2965 		return;
2966 	}
2967 	if (!cur_ops) {
2968 		torture_cleanup_end();
2969 		rcu_gp_slow_unregister(NULL);
2970 		return;
2971 	}
2972 
2973 	if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
2974 		cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
2975 	rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup();
2976 	rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup();
2977 	rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cleanup();
2978 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, stall_task);
2979 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, writer_task);
2980 
2981 	if (nocb_tasks) {
2982 		for (i = 0; i < nrealnocbers; i++)
2983 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_nocb_toggle, nocb_tasks[i]);
2984 		kfree(nocb_tasks);
2985 		nocb_tasks = NULL;
2986 	}
2987 
2988 	if (reader_tasks) {
2989 		for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++)
2990 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_reader,
2991 					     reader_tasks[i]);
2992 		kfree(reader_tasks);
2993 		reader_tasks = NULL;
2994 	}
2995 	kfree(rcu_torture_reader_mbchk);
2996 	rcu_torture_reader_mbchk = NULL;
2997 
2998 	if (fakewriter_tasks) {
2999 		for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++)
3000 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
3001 					     fakewriter_tasks[i]);
3002 		kfree(fakewriter_tasks);
3003 		fakewriter_tasks = NULL;
3004 	}
3005 
3006 	rcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, &flags, &gp_seq);
3007 	srcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, srcu_ctlp, &flags, &gp_seq);
3008 	pr_alert("%s:  End-test grace-period state: g%ld f%#x total-gps=%ld\n",
3009 		 cur_ops->name, (long)gp_seq, flags,
3010 		 rcutorture_seq_diff(gp_seq, start_gp_seq));
3011 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, stats_task);
3012 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, fqs_task);
3013 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost() && rcutor_hp >= 0)
3014 		cpuhp_remove_state(rcutor_hp);
3015 
3016 	/*
3017 	 * Wait for all RCU callbacks to fire, then do torture-type-specific
3018 	 * cleanup operations.
3019 	 */
3020 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL) {
3021 		pr_info("%s: Invoking %pS().\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier);
3022 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3023 	}
3024 	if (cur_ops->cleanup != NULL)
3025 		cur_ops->cleanup();
3026 
3027 	rcu_torture_mem_dump_obj();
3028 
3029 	rcu_torture_stats_print();  /* -After- the stats thread is stopped! */
3030 
3031 	if (err_segs_recorded) {
3032 		pr_alert("Failure/close-call rcutorture reader segments:\n");
3033 		if (rt_read_nsegs == 0)
3034 			pr_alert("\t: No segments recorded!!!\n");
3035 		firsttime = 1;
3036 		for (i = 0; i < rt_read_nsegs; i++) {
3037 			pr_alert("\t%d: %#x ", i, err_segs[i].rt_readstate);
3038 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies != 0) {
3039 				pr_cont("%s%ldjiffies", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3040 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies);
3041 				firsttime = 0;
3042 			}
3043 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms != 0) {
3044 				pr_cont("%s%ldms", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3045 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms);
3046 				firsttime = 0;
3047 			}
3048 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_us != 0) {
3049 				pr_cont("%s%ldus", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3050 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_us);
3051 				firsttime = 0;
3052 			}
3053 			pr_cont("%s\n",
3054 				err_segs[i].rt_preempted ? "preempted" : "");
3055 
3056 		}
3057 	}
3058 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_error) || n_rcu_torture_barrier_error)
3059 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: FAILURE");
3060 	else if (torture_onoff_failures())
3061 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops,
3062 					       "End of test: RCU_HOTPLUG");
3063 	else
3064 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: SUCCESS");
3065 	torture_cleanup_end();
3066 	rcu_gp_slow_unregister(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
3067 }
3068 
3069 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD
3070 static void rcu_torture_leak_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
3071 {
3072 }
3073 
3074 static void rcu_torture_err_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
3075 {
3076 	/*
3077 	 * This -might- happen due to race conditions, but is unlikely.
3078 	 * The scenario that leads to this happening is that the
3079 	 * first of the pair of duplicate callbacks is queued,
3080 	 * someone else starts a grace period that includes that
3081 	 * callback, then the second of the pair must wait for the
3082 	 * next grace period.  Unlikely, but can happen.  If it
3083 	 * does happen, the debug-objects subsystem won't have splatted.
3084 	 */
3085 	pr_alert("%s: duplicated callback was invoked.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3086 }
3087 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
3088 
3089 /*
3090  * Verify that double-free causes debug-objects to complain, but only
3091  * if CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=y.  Otherwise, say that the test
3092  * cannot be carried out.
3093  */
3094 static void rcu_test_debug_objects(void)
3095 {
3096 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD
3097 	struct rcu_head rh1;
3098 	struct rcu_head rh2;
3099 	struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
3100 
3101 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
3102 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
3103 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_rcu() test starting.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3104 
3105 	/* Try to queue the rh2 pair of callbacks for the same grace period. */
3106 	preempt_disable(); /* Prevent preemption from interrupting test. */
3107 	rcu_read_lock(); /* Make it impossible to finish a grace period. */
3108 	call_rcu(&rh1, rcu_torture_leak_cb); /* Start grace period. */
3109 	local_irq_disable(); /* Make it harder to start a new grace period. */
3110 	call_rcu(&rh2, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
3111 	call_rcu(&rh2, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Duplicate callback. */
3112 	if (rhp) {
3113 		call_rcu(rhp, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
3114 		call_rcu(rhp, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Another duplicate callback. */
3115 	}
3116 	local_irq_enable();
3117 	rcu_read_unlock();
3118 	preempt_enable();
3119 
3120 	/* Wait for them all to get done so we can safely return. */
3121 	rcu_barrier();
3122 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_rcu() test complete.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3123 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
3124 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
3125 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
3126 	pr_alert("%s: !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, not testing duplicate call_rcu()\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3127 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
3128 }
3129 
3130 static void rcutorture_sync(void)
3131 {
3132 	static unsigned long n;
3133 
3134 	if (cur_ops->sync && !(++n & 0xfff))
3135 		cur_ops->sync();
3136 }
3137 
3138 static int __init
3139 rcu_torture_init(void)
3140 {
3141 	long i;
3142 	int cpu;
3143 	int firsterr = 0;
3144 	int flags = 0;
3145 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
3146 	static struct rcu_torture_ops *torture_ops[] = {
3147 		&rcu_ops, &rcu_busted_ops, &srcu_ops, &srcud_ops, &busted_srcud_ops,
3148 		TASKS_OPS TASKS_RUDE_OPS TASKS_TRACING_OPS
3149 		&trivial_ops,
3150 	};
3151 
3152 	if (!torture_init_begin(torture_type, verbose))
3153 		return -EBUSY;
3154 
3155 	/* Process args and tell the world that the torturer is on the job. */
3156 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++) {
3157 		cur_ops = torture_ops[i];
3158 		if (strcmp(torture_type, cur_ops->name) == 0)
3159 			break;
3160 	}
3161 	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops)) {
3162 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: invalid torture type: \"%s\"\n",
3163 			 torture_type);
3164 		pr_alert("rcu-torture types:");
3165 		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++)
3166 			pr_cont(" %s", torture_ops[i]->name);
3167 		pr_cont("\n");
3168 		firsterr = -EINVAL;
3169 		cur_ops = NULL;
3170 		goto unwind;
3171 	}
3172 	if (cur_ops->fqs == NULL && fqs_duration != 0) {
3173 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: ->fqs NULL and non-zero fqs_duration, fqs disabled.\n");
3174 		fqs_duration = 0;
3175 	}
3176 	if (cur_ops->init)
3177 		cur_ops->init();
3178 
3179 	if (nreaders >= 0) {
3180 		nrealreaders = nreaders;
3181 	} else {
3182 		nrealreaders = num_online_cpus() - 2 - nreaders;
3183 		if (nrealreaders <= 0)
3184 			nrealreaders = 1;
3185 	}
3186 	rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "Start of test");
3187 	rcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, &flags, &gp_seq);
3188 	srcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, srcu_ctlp, &flags, &gp_seq);
3189 	start_gp_seq = gp_seq;
3190 	pr_alert("%s:  Start-test grace-period state: g%ld f%#x\n",
3191 		 cur_ops->name, (long)gp_seq, flags);
3192 
3193 	/* Set up the freelist. */
3194 
3195 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_freelist);
3196 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++) {
3197 		rcu_tortures[i].rtort_mbtest = 0;
3198 		list_add_tail(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free,
3199 			      &rcu_torture_freelist);
3200 	}
3201 
3202 	/* Initialize the statistics so that each run gets its own numbers. */
3203 
3204 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;
3205 	rcu_torture_current_version = 0;
3206 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc, 0);
3207 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail, 0);
3208 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_free, 0);
3209 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mberror, 0);
3210 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail, 0);
3211 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries, 0);
3212 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_error, 0);
3213 	n_rcu_torture_barrier_error = 0;
3214 	n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror = 0;
3215 	n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror = 0;
3216 	n_rcu_torture_boost_failure = 0;
3217 	n_rcu_torture_boosts = 0;
3218 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
3219 		atomic_set(&rcu_torture_wcount[i], 0);
3220 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
3221 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
3222 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i] = 0;
3223 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i] = 0;
3224 		}
3225 	}
3226 	err_segs_recorded = 0;
3227 	rt_read_nsegs = 0;
3228 
3229 	/* Start up the kthreads. */
3230 
3231 	rcu_torture_write_types();
3232 	firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, NULL,
3233 					  writer_task);
3234 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3235 		goto unwind;
3236 	if (nfakewriters > 0) {
3237 		fakewriter_tasks = kcalloc(nfakewriters,
3238 					   sizeof(fakewriter_tasks[0]),
3239 					   GFP_KERNEL);
3240 		if (fakewriter_tasks == NULL) {
3241 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3242 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3243 			goto unwind;
3244 		}
3245 	}
3246 	for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++) {
3247 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
3248 						  NULL, fakewriter_tasks[i]);
3249 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3250 			goto unwind;
3251 	}
3252 	reader_tasks = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(reader_tasks[0]),
3253 			       GFP_KERNEL);
3254 	rcu_torture_reader_mbchk = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(*rcu_torture_reader_mbchk),
3255 					   GFP_KERNEL);
3256 	if (!reader_tasks || !rcu_torture_reader_mbchk) {
3257 		TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3258 		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3259 		goto unwind;
3260 	}
3261 	for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
3262 		rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[i].rtc_chkrdr = -1;
3263 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_reader, (void *)i,
3264 						  reader_tasks[i]);
3265 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3266 			goto unwind;
3267 	}
3268 	nrealnocbers = nocbs_nthreads;
3269 	if (WARN_ON(nrealnocbers < 0))
3270 		nrealnocbers = 1;
3271 	if (WARN_ON(nocbs_toggle < 0))
3272 		nocbs_toggle = HZ;
3273 	if (nrealnocbers > 0) {
3274 		nocb_tasks = kcalloc(nrealnocbers, sizeof(nocb_tasks[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
3275 		if (nocb_tasks == NULL) {
3276 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3277 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3278 			goto unwind;
3279 		}
3280 	} else {
3281 		nocb_tasks = NULL;
3282 	}
3283 	for (i = 0; i < nrealnocbers; i++) {
3284 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_nocb_toggle, NULL, nocb_tasks[i]);
3285 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3286 			goto unwind;
3287 	}
3288 	if (stat_interval > 0) {
3289 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, NULL,
3290 						  stats_task);
3291 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3292 			goto unwind;
3293 	}
3294 	if (test_no_idle_hz && shuffle_interval > 0) {
3295 		firsterr = torture_shuffle_init(shuffle_interval * HZ);
3296 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3297 			goto unwind;
3298 	}
3299 	if (stutter < 0)
3300 		stutter = 0;
3301 	if (stutter) {
3302 		int t;
3303 
3304 		t = cur_ops->stall_dur ? cur_ops->stall_dur() : stutter * HZ;
3305 		firsterr = torture_stutter_init(stutter * HZ, t);
3306 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3307 			goto unwind;
3308 	}
3309 	if (fqs_duration < 0)
3310 		fqs_duration = 0;
3311 	if (fqs_duration) {
3312 		/* Create the fqs thread */
3313 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, NULL,
3314 						  fqs_task);
3315 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3316 			goto unwind;
3317 	}
3318 	if (test_boost_interval < 1)
3319 		test_boost_interval = 1;
3320 	if (test_boost_duration < 2)
3321 		test_boost_duration = 2;
3322 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost()) {
3323 
3324 		boost_starttime = jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ;
3325 
3326 		firsterr = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "RCU_TORTURE",
3327 					     rcutorture_booster_init,
3328 					     rcutorture_booster_cleanup);
3329 		rcutor_hp = firsterr;
3330 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3331 			goto unwind;
3332 
3333 		// Testing RCU priority boosting requires rcutorture do
3334 		// some serious abuse.  Counter this by running ksoftirqd
3335 		// at higher priority.
3336 		if (IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)) {
3337 			for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
3338 				struct sched_param sp;
3339 				struct task_struct *t;
3340 
3341 				t = per_cpu(ksoftirqd, cpu);
3342 				WARN_ON_ONCE(!t);
3343 				sp.sched_priority = 2;
3344 				sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp);
3345 			}
3346 		}
3347 	}
3348 	shutdown_jiffies = jiffies + shutdown_secs * HZ;
3349 	firsterr = torture_shutdown_init(shutdown_secs, rcu_torture_cleanup);
3350 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3351 		goto unwind;
3352 	firsterr = torture_onoff_init(onoff_holdoff * HZ, onoff_interval,
3353 				      rcutorture_sync);
3354 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3355 		goto unwind;
3356 	firsterr = rcu_torture_stall_init();
3357 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3358 		goto unwind;
3359 	firsterr = rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init();
3360 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3361 		goto unwind;
3362 	firsterr = rcu_torture_barrier_init();
3363 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3364 		goto unwind;
3365 	firsterr = rcu_torture_read_exit_init();
3366 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3367 		goto unwind;
3368 	if (object_debug)
3369 		rcu_test_debug_objects();
3370 	torture_init_end();
3371 	rcu_gp_slow_register(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
3372 	return 0;
3373 
3374 unwind:
3375 	torture_init_end();
3376 	rcu_torture_cleanup();
3377 	if (shutdown_secs) {
3378 		WARN_ON(!IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST));
3379 		kernel_power_off();
3380 	}
3381 	return firsterr;
3382 }
3383 
3384 module_init(rcu_torture_init);
3385 module_exit(rcu_torture_cleanup);
3386