xref: /linux/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c (revision 9190d4a263264eabf715f5fc1827da45e3fdc247)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * Read-Copy Update module-based torture test facility
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2005, 2006
6  *
7  * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  *	  Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
9  *
10  * See also:  Documentation/RCU/torture.rst
11  */
12 
13 #define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt
14 
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/module.h>
19 #include <linux/kthread.h>
20 #include <linux/err.h>
21 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
22 #include <linux/smp.h>
23 #include <linux/rcupdate_wait.h>
24 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
25 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
26 #include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
27 #include <linux/atomic.h>
28 #include <linux/bitops.h>
29 #include <linux/completion.h>
30 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
31 #include <linux/percpu.h>
32 #include <linux/notifier.h>
33 #include <linux/reboot.h>
34 #include <linux/freezer.h>
35 #include <linux/cpu.h>
36 #include <linux/delay.h>
37 #include <linux/stat.h>
38 #include <linux/srcu.h>
39 #include <linux/slab.h>
40 #include <linux/trace_clock.h>
41 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
42 #include <linux/torture.h>
43 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
44 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
45 #include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
46 #include <linux/oom.h>
47 #include <linux/tick.h>
48 #include <linux/rcupdate_trace.h>
49 #include <linux/nmi.h>
50 
51 #include "rcu.h"
52 
53 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
54 MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> and Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>");
55 
56 /* Bits for ->extendables field, extendables param, and related definitions. */
57 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1	 8	/* Put SRCU index in upper bits. */
58 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1	 (1 << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1)
59 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2	 9	/* Put SRCU index in upper bits. */
60 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2	 (1 << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2)
61 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH	 0x01	/* Extend readers by disabling bh. */
62 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ	 0x02	/*  ... disabling interrupts. */
63 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT	 0x04	/*  ... disabling preemption. */
64 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH	 0x08	/*  ... rcu_read_lock_bh(). */
65 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED	 0x10	/*  ... rcu_read_lock_sched(). */
66 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1	 0x20	/*  ... entering another RCU reader. */
67 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2	 0x40	/*  ... entering another RCU reader. */
68 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS	 7	/* Number of bits defined above. */
69 #define RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND	 \
70 	(RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ | RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | \
71 	 RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
72 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS 0x7	/* Maximum reader extensions. */
73 					/* Must be power of two minus one. */
74 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS (RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS + 3)
75 
76 torture_param(int, extendables, RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
77 	      "Extend readers by disabling bh (1), irqs (2), or preempt (4)");
78 torture_param(int, fqs_duration, 0, "Duration of fqs bursts (us), 0 to disable");
79 torture_param(int, fqs_holdoff, 0, "Holdoff time within fqs bursts (us)");
80 torture_param(int, fqs_stutter, 3, "Wait time between fqs bursts (s)");
81 torture_param(int, fwd_progress, 1, "Number of grace-period forward progress tasks (0 to disable)");
82 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_div, 4, "Fraction of CPU stall to wait");
83 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_holdoff, 60, "Time between forward-progress tests (s)");
84 torture_param(bool, fwd_progress_need_resched, 1, "Hide cond_resched() behind need_resched()");
85 torture_param(bool, gp_cond, false, "Use conditional/async GP wait primitives");
86 torture_param(bool, gp_cond_exp, false, "Use conditional/async expedited GP wait primitives");
87 torture_param(bool, gp_cond_full, false, "Use conditional/async full-state GP wait primitives");
88 torture_param(bool, gp_cond_exp_full, false,
89 		    "Use conditional/async full-stateexpedited GP wait primitives");
90 torture_param(bool, gp_exp, false, "Use expedited GP wait primitives");
91 torture_param(bool, gp_normal, false, "Use normal (non-expedited) GP wait primitives");
92 torture_param(bool, gp_poll, false, "Use polling GP wait primitives");
93 torture_param(bool, gp_poll_exp, false, "Use polling expedited GP wait primitives");
94 torture_param(bool, gp_poll_full, false, "Use polling full-state GP wait primitives");
95 torture_param(bool, gp_poll_exp_full, false, "Use polling full-state expedited GP wait primitives");
96 torture_param(bool, gp_sync, false, "Use synchronous GP wait primitives");
97 torture_param(int, irqreader, 1, "Allow RCU readers from irq handlers");
98 torture_param(int, leakpointer, 0, "Leak pointer dereferences from readers");
99 torture_param(int, n_barrier_cbs, 0, "# of callbacks/kthreads for barrier testing");
100 torture_param(int, nfakewriters, 4, "Number of RCU fake writer threads");
101 torture_param(int, nreaders, -1, "Number of RCU reader threads");
102 torture_param(int, object_debug, 0, "Enable debug-object double call_rcu() testing");
103 torture_param(int, onoff_holdoff, 0, "Time after boot before CPU hotplugs (s)");
104 torture_param(int, onoff_interval, 0, "Time between CPU hotplugs (jiffies), 0=disable");
105 torture_param(int, nocbs_nthreads, 0, "Number of NOCB toggle threads, 0 to disable");
106 torture_param(int, nocbs_toggle, 1000, "Time between toggling nocb state (ms)");
107 torture_param(int, read_exit_delay, 13, "Delay between read-then-exit episodes (s)");
108 torture_param(int, read_exit_burst, 16, "# of read-then-exit bursts per episode, zero to disable");
109 torture_param(int, shuffle_interval, 3, "Number of seconds between shuffles");
110 torture_param(int, shutdown_secs, 0, "Shutdown time (s), <= zero to disable.");
111 torture_param(int, stall_cpu, 0, "Stall duration (s), zero to disable.");
112 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_holdoff, 10, "Time to wait before starting stall (s).");
113 torture_param(bool, stall_no_softlockup, false, "Avoid softlockup warning during cpu stall.");
114 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_irqsoff, 0, "Disable interrupts while stalling.");
115 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_block, 0, "Sleep while stalling.");
116 torture_param(int, stall_gp_kthread, 0, "Grace-period kthread stall duration (s).");
117 torture_param(int, stat_interval, 60, "Number of seconds between stats printk()s");
118 torture_param(int, stutter, 5, "Number of seconds to run/halt test");
119 torture_param(int, test_boost, 1, "Test RCU prio boost: 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.");
120 torture_param(int, test_boost_duration, 4, "Duration of each boost test, seconds.");
121 torture_param(int, test_boost_interval, 7, "Interval between boost tests, seconds.");
122 torture_param(bool, test_no_idle_hz, true, "Test support for tickless idle CPUs");
123 torture_param(int, verbose, 1, "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
124 
125 static char *torture_type = "rcu";
126 module_param(torture_type, charp, 0444);
127 MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_type, "Type of RCU to torture (rcu, srcu, ...)");
128 
129 static int nrealnocbers;
130 static int nrealreaders;
131 static struct task_struct *writer_task;
132 static struct task_struct **fakewriter_tasks;
133 static struct task_struct **reader_tasks;
134 static struct task_struct **nocb_tasks;
135 static struct task_struct *stats_task;
136 static struct task_struct *fqs_task;
137 static struct task_struct *boost_tasks[NR_CPUS];
138 static struct task_struct *stall_task;
139 static struct task_struct **fwd_prog_tasks;
140 static struct task_struct **barrier_cbs_tasks;
141 static struct task_struct *barrier_task;
142 static struct task_struct *read_exit_task;
143 
144 #define RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN 10
145 
146 // Mailbox-like structure to check RCU global memory ordering.
147 struct rcu_torture_reader_check {
148 	unsigned long rtc_myloops;
149 	int rtc_chkrdr;
150 	unsigned long rtc_chkloops;
151 	int rtc_ready;
152 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtc_assigner;
153 } ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
154 
155 // Update-side data structure used to check RCU readers.
156 struct rcu_torture {
157 	struct rcu_head rtort_rcu;
158 	int rtort_pipe_count;
159 	struct list_head rtort_free;
160 	int rtort_mbtest;
161 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtort_chkp;
162 };
163 
164 static LIST_HEAD(rcu_torture_freelist);
165 static struct rcu_torture __rcu *rcu_torture_current;
166 static unsigned long rcu_torture_current_version;
167 static struct rcu_torture rcu_tortures[10 * RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN];
168 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rcu_torture_lock);
169 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_count);
170 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_batch);
171 static atomic_t rcu_torture_wcount[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1];
172 static struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rcu_torture_reader_mbchk;
173 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc;
174 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail;
175 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_free;
176 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mberror;
177 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail;
178 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries;
179 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_error;
180 static long n_rcu_torture_barrier_error;
181 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror;
182 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror;
183 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_failure;
184 static long n_rcu_torture_boosts;
185 static atomic_long_t n_rcu_torture_timers;
186 static long n_barrier_attempts;
187 static long n_barrier_successes; /* did rcu_barrier test succeed? */
188 static unsigned long n_read_exits;
189 static struct list_head rcu_torture_removed;
190 static unsigned long shutdown_jiffies;
191 static unsigned long start_gp_seq;
192 static atomic_long_t n_nocb_offload;
193 static atomic_long_t n_nocb_deoffload;
194 
195 static int rcu_torture_writer_state;
196 #define RTWS_FIXED_DELAY	0
197 #define RTWS_DELAY		1
198 #define RTWS_REPLACE		2
199 #define RTWS_DEF_FREE		3
200 #define RTWS_EXP_SYNC		4
201 #define RTWS_COND_GET		5
202 #define RTWS_COND_GET_FULL	6
203 #define RTWS_COND_GET_EXP	7
204 #define RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL	8
205 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC		9
206 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC_FULL	10
207 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP	11
208 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP_FULL	12
209 #define RTWS_POLL_GET		13
210 #define RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL	14
211 #define RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP	15
212 #define RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL	16
213 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT		17
214 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL	18
215 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP	19
216 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP_FULL	20
217 #define RTWS_SYNC		21
218 #define RTWS_STUTTER		22
219 #define RTWS_STOPPING		23
220 static const char * const rcu_torture_writer_state_names[] = {
221 	"RTWS_FIXED_DELAY",
222 	"RTWS_DELAY",
223 	"RTWS_REPLACE",
224 	"RTWS_DEF_FREE",
225 	"RTWS_EXP_SYNC",
226 	"RTWS_COND_GET",
227 	"RTWS_COND_GET_FULL",
228 	"RTWS_COND_GET_EXP",
229 	"RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL",
230 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC",
231 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC_FULL",
232 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP",
233 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP_FULL",
234 	"RTWS_POLL_GET",
235 	"RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL",
236 	"RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP",
237 	"RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL",
238 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT",
239 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL",
240 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP",
241 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP_FULL",
242 	"RTWS_SYNC",
243 	"RTWS_STUTTER",
244 	"RTWS_STOPPING",
245 };
246 
247 /* Record reader segment types and duration for first failing read. */
248 struct rt_read_seg {
249 	int rt_readstate;
250 	unsigned long rt_delay_jiffies;
251 	unsigned long rt_delay_ms;
252 	unsigned long rt_delay_us;
253 	bool rt_preempted;
254 };
255 static int err_segs_recorded;
256 static struct rt_read_seg err_segs[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS];
257 static int rt_read_nsegs;
258 
259 static const char *rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(void)
260 {
261 	unsigned int i = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_writer_state);
262 
263 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_torture_writer_state_names))
264 		return "???";
265 	return rcu_torture_writer_state_names[i];
266 }
267 
268 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE
269 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
270 {
271 	u64 ts = trace_clock_local();
272 
273 	(void)do_div(ts, NSEC_PER_USEC);
274 	return ts;
275 }
276 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
277 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
278 {
279 	return 0ULL;
280 }
281 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
282 
283 /*
284  * Stop aggressive CPU-hog tests a bit before the end of the test in order
285  * to avoid interfering with test shutdown.
286  */
287 static bool shutdown_time_arrived(void)
288 {
289 	return shutdown_secs && time_after(jiffies, shutdown_jiffies - 30 * HZ);
290 }
291 
292 static unsigned long boost_starttime;	/* jiffies of next boost test start. */
293 static DEFINE_MUTEX(boost_mutex);	/* protect setting boost_starttime */
294 					/*  and boost task create/destroy. */
295 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_count;	/* Barrier callbacks registered. */
296 static bool barrier_phase;		/* Test phase. */
297 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_invoked;	/* Barrier callbacks invoked. */
298 static wait_queue_head_t *barrier_cbs_wq; /* Coordinate barrier testing. */
299 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(barrier_wq);
300 
301 static atomic_t rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay;	/* Short rcu_torture_delay() delays. */
302 
303 /*
304  * Allocate an element from the rcu_tortures pool.
305  */
306 static struct rcu_torture *
307 rcu_torture_alloc(void)
308 {
309 	struct list_head *p;
310 
311 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
312 	if (list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist)) {
313 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail);
314 		spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
315 		return NULL;
316 	}
317 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc);
318 	p = rcu_torture_freelist.next;
319 	list_del_init(p);
320 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
321 	return container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_free);
322 }
323 
324 /*
325  * Free an element to the rcu_tortures pool.
326  */
327 static void
328 rcu_torture_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
329 {
330 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_free);
331 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
332 	list_add_tail(&p->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_freelist);
333 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
334 }
335 
336 /*
337  * Operations vector for selecting different types of tests.
338  */
339 
340 struct rcu_torture_ops {
341 	int ttype;
342 	void (*init)(void);
343 	void (*cleanup)(void);
344 	int (*readlock)(void);
345 	void (*read_delay)(struct torture_random_state *rrsp,
346 			   struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp);
347 	void (*readunlock)(int idx);
348 	int (*readlock_held)(void);
349 	unsigned long (*get_gp_seq)(void);
350 	unsigned long (*gp_diff)(unsigned long new, unsigned long old);
351 	void (*deferred_free)(struct rcu_torture *p);
352 	void (*sync)(void);
353 	void (*exp_sync)(void);
354 	unsigned long (*get_gp_state_exp)(void);
355 	unsigned long (*start_gp_poll_exp)(void);
356 	void (*start_gp_poll_exp_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
357 	bool (*poll_gp_state_exp)(unsigned long oldstate);
358 	void (*cond_sync_exp)(unsigned long oldstate);
359 	void (*cond_sync_exp_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
360 	unsigned long (*get_gp_state)(void);
361 	void (*get_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
362 	unsigned long (*get_gp_completed)(void);
363 	void (*get_gp_completed_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
364 	unsigned long (*start_gp_poll)(void);
365 	void (*start_gp_poll_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
366 	bool (*poll_gp_state)(unsigned long oldstate);
367 	bool (*poll_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
368 	bool (*poll_need_2gp)(bool poll, bool poll_full);
369 	void (*cond_sync)(unsigned long oldstate);
370 	void (*cond_sync_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
371 	call_rcu_func_t call;
372 	void (*cb_barrier)(void);
373 	void (*fqs)(void);
374 	void (*stats)(void);
375 	void (*gp_kthread_dbg)(void);
376 	bool (*check_boost_failed)(unsigned long gp_state, int *cpup);
377 	int (*stall_dur)(void);
378 	long cbflood_max;
379 	int irq_capable;
380 	int can_boost;
381 	int extendables;
382 	int slow_gps;
383 	int no_pi_lock;
384 	const char *name;
385 };
386 
387 static struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops;
388 
389 /*
390  * Definitions for rcu torture testing.
391  */
392 
393 static int torture_readlock_not_held(void)
394 {
395 	return rcu_read_lock_bh_held() || rcu_read_lock_sched_held();
396 }
397 
398 static int rcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(RCU)
399 {
400 	rcu_read_lock();
401 	return 0;
402 }
403 
404 static void
405 rcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
406 {
407 	unsigned long started;
408 	unsigned long completed;
409 	const unsigned long shortdelay_us = 200;
410 	unsigned long longdelay_ms = 300;
411 	unsigned long long ts;
412 
413 	/* We want a short delay sometimes to make a reader delay the grace
414 	 * period, and we want a long delay occasionally to trigger
415 	 * force_quiescent_state. */
416 
417 	if (!atomic_read(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
418 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2000 * longdelay_ms))) {
419 		started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
420 		ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
421 		if (preempt_count() & (SOFTIRQ_MASK | HARDIRQ_MASK))
422 			longdelay_ms = 5; /* Avoid triggering BH limits. */
423 		mdelay(longdelay_ms);
424 		rtrsp->rt_delay_ms = longdelay_ms;
425 		completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
426 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, NULL, ts,
427 					  started, completed);
428 	}
429 	if (!(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2 * shortdelay_us))) {
430 		udelay(shortdelay_us);
431 		rtrsp->rt_delay_us = shortdelay_us;
432 	}
433 	if (!preempt_count() &&
434 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 500))) {
435 		torture_preempt_schedule();  /* QS only if preemptible. */
436 		rtrsp->rt_preempted = true;
437 	}
438 }
439 
440 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(RCU)
441 {
442 	rcu_read_unlock();
443 }
444 
445 /*
446  * Update callback in the pipe.  This should be invoked after a grace period.
447  */
448 static bool
449 rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(struct rcu_torture *rp)
450 {
451 	int i;
452 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp = READ_ONCE(rp->rtort_chkp);
453 
454 	if (rtrcp) {
455 		WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_chkp, NULL);
456 		smp_store_release(&rtrcp->rtc_ready, 1); // Pair with smp_load_acquire().
457 	}
458 	i = READ_ONCE(rp->rtort_pipe_count);
459 	if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
460 		i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
461 	atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
462 	WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_pipe_count, i + 1);
463 	if (rp->rtort_pipe_count >= RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
464 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 0;
465 		return true;
466 	}
467 	return false;
468 }
469 
470 /*
471  * Update all callbacks in the pipe.  Suitable for synchronous grace-period
472  * primitives.
473  */
474 static void
475 rcu_torture_pipe_update(struct rcu_torture *old_rp)
476 {
477 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
478 	struct rcu_torture *rp1;
479 
480 	if (old_rp)
481 		list_add(&old_rp->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_removed);
482 	list_for_each_entry_safe(rp, rp1, &rcu_torture_removed, rtort_free) {
483 		if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp)) {
484 			list_del(&rp->rtort_free);
485 			rcu_torture_free(rp);
486 		}
487 	}
488 }
489 
490 static void
491 rcu_torture_cb(struct rcu_head *p)
492 {
493 	struct rcu_torture *rp = container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_rcu);
494 
495 	if (torture_must_stop_irq()) {
496 		/* Test is ending, just drop callbacks on the floor. */
497 		/* The next initialization will pick up the pieces. */
498 		return;
499 	}
500 	if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp))
501 		rcu_torture_free(rp);
502 	else
503 		cur_ops->deferred_free(rp);
504 }
505 
506 static unsigned long rcu_no_completed(void)
507 {
508 	return 0;
509 }
510 
511 static void rcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
512 {
513 	call_rcu(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
514 }
515 
516 static void rcu_sync_torture_init(void)
517 {
518 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_removed);
519 }
520 
521 static bool rcu_poll_need_2gp(bool poll, bool poll_full)
522 {
523 	return poll;
524 }
525 
526 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_ops = {
527 	.ttype			= RCU_FLAVOR,
528 	.init			= rcu_sync_torture_init,
529 	.readlock		= rcu_torture_read_lock,
530 	.read_delay		= rcu_read_delay,
531 	.readunlock		= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
532 	.readlock_held		= torture_readlock_not_held,
533 	.get_gp_seq		= rcu_get_gp_seq,
534 	.gp_diff		= rcu_seq_diff,
535 	.deferred_free		= rcu_torture_deferred_free,
536 	.sync			= synchronize_rcu,
537 	.exp_sync		= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
538 	.get_gp_state		= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
539 	.get_gp_state_full	= get_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
540 	.get_gp_completed	= get_completed_synchronize_rcu,
541 	.get_gp_completed_full	= get_completed_synchronize_rcu_full,
542 	.start_gp_poll		= start_poll_synchronize_rcu,
543 	.start_gp_poll_full	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_full,
544 	.poll_gp_state		= poll_state_synchronize_rcu,
545 	.poll_gp_state_full	= poll_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
546 	.poll_need_2gp		= rcu_poll_need_2gp,
547 	.cond_sync		= cond_synchronize_rcu,
548 	.cond_sync_full		= cond_synchronize_rcu_full,
549 	.get_gp_state_exp	= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
550 	.start_gp_poll_exp	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited,
551 	.start_gp_poll_exp_full	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited_full,
552 	.poll_gp_state_exp	= poll_state_synchronize_rcu,
553 	.cond_sync_exp		= cond_synchronize_rcu_expedited,
554 	.call			= call_rcu,
555 	.cb_barrier		= rcu_barrier,
556 	.fqs			= rcu_force_quiescent_state,
557 	.stats			= NULL,
558 	.gp_kthread_dbg		= show_rcu_gp_kthreads,
559 	.check_boost_failed	= rcu_check_boost_fail,
560 	.stall_dur		= rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check,
561 	.irq_capable		= 1,
562 	.can_boost		= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST),
563 	.extendables		= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
564 	.name			= "rcu"
565 };
566 
567 /*
568  * Don't even think about trying any of these in real life!!!
569  * The names includes "busted", and they really means it!
570  * The only purpose of these functions is to provide a buggy RCU
571  * implementation to make sure that rcutorture correctly emits
572  * buggy-RCU error messages.
573  */
574 static void rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
575 {
576 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
577 	rcu_torture_cb(&p->rtort_rcu);
578 }
579 
580 static void synchronize_rcu_busted(void)
581 {
582 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
583 }
584 
585 static void
586 call_rcu_busted(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
587 {
588 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
589 	func(head);
590 }
591 
592 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_busted_ops = {
593 	.ttype		= INVALID_RCU_FLAVOR,
594 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
595 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock,
596 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
597 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
598 	.readlock_held	= torture_readlock_not_held,
599 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
600 	.deferred_free	= rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free,
601 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_busted,
602 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_busted,
603 	.call		= call_rcu_busted,
604 	.cb_barrier	= NULL,
605 	.fqs		= NULL,
606 	.stats		= NULL,
607 	.irq_capable	= 1,
608 	.name		= "busted"
609 };
610 
611 /*
612  * Definitions for srcu torture testing.
613  */
614 
615 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu_ctl);
616 static struct srcu_struct srcu_ctld;
617 static struct srcu_struct *srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl;
618 
619 static int srcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(srcu_ctlp)
620 {
621 	return srcu_read_lock(srcu_ctlp);
622 }
623 
624 static void
625 srcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
626 {
627 	long delay;
628 	const long uspertick = 1000000 / HZ;
629 	const long longdelay = 10;
630 
631 	/* We want there to be long-running readers, but not all the time. */
632 
633 	delay = torture_random(rrsp) %
634 		(nrealreaders * 2 * longdelay * uspertick);
635 	if (!delay && in_task()) {
636 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(longdelay);
637 		rtrsp->rt_delay_jiffies = longdelay;
638 	} else {
639 		rcu_read_delay(rrsp, rtrsp);
640 	}
641 }
642 
643 static void srcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(srcu_ctlp)
644 {
645 	srcu_read_unlock(srcu_ctlp, idx);
646 }
647 
648 static int torture_srcu_read_lock_held(void)
649 {
650 	return srcu_read_lock_held(srcu_ctlp);
651 }
652 
653 static unsigned long srcu_torture_completed(void)
654 {
655 	return srcu_batches_completed(srcu_ctlp);
656 }
657 
658 static void srcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *rp)
659 {
660 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, &rp->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
661 }
662 
663 static void srcu_torture_synchronize(void)
664 {
665 	synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
666 }
667 
668 static unsigned long srcu_torture_get_gp_state(void)
669 {
670 	return get_state_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
671 }
672 
673 static unsigned long srcu_torture_start_gp_poll(void)
674 {
675 	return start_poll_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
676 }
677 
678 static bool srcu_torture_poll_gp_state(unsigned long oldstate)
679 {
680 	return poll_state_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp, oldstate);
681 }
682 
683 static void srcu_torture_call(struct rcu_head *head,
684 			      rcu_callback_t func)
685 {
686 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, head, func);
687 }
688 
689 static void srcu_torture_barrier(void)
690 {
691 	srcu_barrier(srcu_ctlp);
692 }
693 
694 static void srcu_torture_stats(void)
695 {
696 	srcu_torture_stats_print(srcu_ctlp, torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
697 }
698 
699 static void srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited(void)
700 {
701 	synchronize_srcu_expedited(srcu_ctlp);
702 }
703 
704 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcu_ops = {
705 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
706 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
707 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
708 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
709 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
710 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
711 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
712 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
713 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
714 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
715 	.get_gp_state	= srcu_torture_get_gp_state,
716 	.start_gp_poll	= srcu_torture_start_gp_poll,
717 	.poll_gp_state	= srcu_torture_poll_gp_state,
718 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
719 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
720 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
721 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
722 	.irq_capable	= 1,
723 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
724 	.name		= "srcu"
725 };
726 
727 static void srcu_torture_init(void)
728 {
729 	rcu_sync_torture_init();
730 	WARN_ON(init_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld));
731 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctld;
732 }
733 
734 static void srcu_torture_cleanup(void)
735 {
736 	cleanup_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld);
737 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl; /* In case of a later rcutorture run. */
738 }
739 
740 /* As above, but dynamically allocated. */
741 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcud_ops = {
742 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
743 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
744 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
745 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
746 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
747 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
748 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
749 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
750 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
751 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
752 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
753 	.get_gp_state	= srcu_torture_get_gp_state,
754 	.start_gp_poll	= srcu_torture_start_gp_poll,
755 	.poll_gp_state	= srcu_torture_poll_gp_state,
756 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
757 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
758 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
759 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
760 	.irq_capable	= 1,
761 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
762 	.name		= "srcud"
763 };
764 
765 /* As above, but broken due to inappropriate reader extension. */
766 static struct rcu_torture_ops busted_srcud_ops = {
767 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
768 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
769 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
770 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
771 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,
772 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
773 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
774 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
775 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
776 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
777 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
778 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
779 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
780 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
781 	.irq_capable	= 1,
782 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
783 	.extendables	= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
784 	.name		= "busted_srcud"
785 };
786 
787 /*
788  * Definitions for trivial CONFIG_PREEMPT=n-only torture testing.
789  * This implementation does not necessarily work well with CPU hotplug.
790  */
791 
792 static void synchronize_rcu_trivial(void)
793 {
794 	int cpu;
795 
796 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
797 		rcutorture_sched_setaffinity(current->pid, cpumask_of(cpu));
798 		WARN_ON_ONCE(raw_smp_processor_id() != cpu);
799 	}
800 }
801 
802 static int rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial(void) __acquires(RCU)
803 {
804 	preempt_disable();
805 	return 0;
806 }
807 
808 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial(int idx) __releases(RCU)
809 {
810 	preempt_enable();
811 }
812 
813 static struct rcu_torture_ops trivial_ops = {
814 	.ttype		= RCU_TRIVIAL_FLAVOR,
815 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
816 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
817 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
818 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
819 	.readlock_held	= torture_readlock_not_held,
820 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
821 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
822 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
823 	.fqs		= NULL,
824 	.stats		= NULL,
825 	.irq_capable	= 1,
826 	.name		= "trivial"
827 };
828 
829 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
830 
831 /*
832  * Definitions for RCU-tasks torture testing.
833  */
834 
835 static int tasks_torture_read_lock(void)
836 {
837 	return 0;
838 }
839 
840 static void tasks_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
841 {
842 }
843 
844 static void rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
845 {
846 	call_rcu_tasks(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
847 }
848 
849 static void synchronize_rcu_mult_test(void)
850 {
851 	synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu_tasks, call_rcu);
852 }
853 
854 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_ops = {
855 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_FLAVOR,
856 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
857 	.readlock	= tasks_torture_read_lock,
858 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
859 	.readunlock	= tasks_torture_read_unlock,
860 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
861 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free,
862 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks,
863 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_mult_test,
864 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks,
865 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks,
866 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_classic_gp_kthread,
867 	.fqs		= NULL,
868 	.stats		= NULL,
869 	.irq_capable	= 1,
870 	.slow_gps	= 1,
871 	.name		= "tasks"
872 };
873 
874 #define TASKS_OPS &tasks_ops,
875 
876 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
877 
878 #define TASKS_OPS
879 
880 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
881 
882 
883 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
884 
885 /*
886  * Definitions for rude RCU-tasks torture testing.
887  */
888 
889 static void rcu_tasks_rude_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
890 {
891 	call_rcu_tasks_rude(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
892 }
893 
894 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_rude_ops = {
895 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_RUDE_FLAVOR,
896 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
897 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
898 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
899 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
900 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
901 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_rude_torture_deferred_free,
902 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
903 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
904 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks_rude,
905 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks_rude,
906 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_rude_gp_kthread,
907 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
908 	.fqs		= NULL,
909 	.stats		= NULL,
910 	.irq_capable	= 1,
911 	.name		= "tasks-rude"
912 };
913 
914 #define TASKS_RUDE_OPS &tasks_rude_ops,
915 
916 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
917 
918 #define TASKS_RUDE_OPS
919 
920 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
921 
922 
923 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
924 
925 /*
926  * Definitions for tracing RCU-tasks torture testing.
927  */
928 
929 static int tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock(void)
930 {
931 	rcu_read_lock_trace();
932 	return 0;
933 }
934 
935 static void tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
936 {
937 	rcu_read_unlock_trace();
938 }
939 
940 static void rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
941 {
942 	call_rcu_tasks_trace(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
943 }
944 
945 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_tracing_ops = {
946 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_TRACING_FLAVOR,
947 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
948 	.readlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock,
949 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse srcu's version. */
950 	.readunlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock,
951 	.readlock_held	= rcu_read_lock_trace_held,
952 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
953 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free,
954 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
955 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
956 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks_trace,
957 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks_trace,
958 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_trace_gp_kthread,
959 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
960 	.fqs		= NULL,
961 	.stats		= NULL,
962 	.irq_capable	= 1,
963 	.slow_gps	= 1,
964 	.name		= "tasks-tracing"
965 };
966 
967 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS &tasks_tracing_ops,
968 
969 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
970 
971 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS
972 
973 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
974 
975 
976 static unsigned long rcutorture_seq_diff(unsigned long new, unsigned long old)
977 {
978 	if (!cur_ops->gp_diff)
979 		return new - old;
980 	return cur_ops->gp_diff(new, old);
981 }
982 
983 /*
984  * RCU torture priority-boost testing.  Runs one real-time thread per
985  * CPU for moderate bursts, repeatedly starting grace periods and waiting
986  * for them to complete.  If a given grace period takes too long, we assume
987  * that priority inversion has occurred.
988  */
989 
990 static int old_rt_runtime = -1;
991 
992 static void rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle(void)
993 {
994 	/*
995 	 * Disable RT throttling so that rcutorture's boost threads don't get
996 	 * throttled. Only possible if rcutorture is built-in otherwise the
997 	 * user should manually do this by setting the sched_rt_period_us and
998 	 * sched_rt_runtime sysctls.
999 	 */
1000 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime != -1)
1001 		return;
1002 
1003 	old_rt_runtime = sysctl_sched_rt_runtime;
1004 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = -1;
1005 }
1006 
1007 static void rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle(void)
1008 {
1009 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime == -1)
1010 		return;
1011 
1012 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = old_rt_runtime;
1013 	old_rt_runtime = -1;
1014 }
1015 
1016 static bool rcu_torture_boost_failed(unsigned long gp_state, unsigned long *start)
1017 {
1018 	int cpu;
1019 	static int dbg_done;
1020 	unsigned long end = jiffies;
1021 	bool gp_done;
1022 	unsigned long j;
1023 	static unsigned long last_persist;
1024 	unsigned long lp;
1025 	unsigned long mininterval = test_boost_duration * HZ - HZ / 2;
1026 
1027 	if (end - *start > mininterval) {
1028 		// Recheck after checking time to avoid false positives.
1029 		smp_mb(); // Time check before grace-period check.
1030 		if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1031 			return false; // passed, though perhaps just barely
1032 		if (cur_ops->check_boost_failed && !cur_ops->check_boost_failed(gp_state, &cpu)) {
1033 			// At most one persisted message per boost test.
1034 			j = jiffies;
1035 			lp = READ_ONCE(last_persist);
1036 			if (time_after(j, lp + mininterval) && cmpxchg(&last_persist, lp, j) == lp)
1037 				pr_info("Boost inversion persisted: No QS from CPU %d\n", cpu);
1038 			return false; // passed on a technicality
1039 		}
1040 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost boosting failed");
1041 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure++;
1042 		if (!xchg(&dbg_done, 1) && cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg) {
1043 			pr_info("Boost inversion thread ->rt_priority %u gp_state %lu jiffies %lu\n",
1044 				current->rt_priority, gp_state, end - *start);
1045 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
1046 			// Recheck after print to flag grace period ending during splat.
1047 			gp_done = cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state);
1048 			pr_info("Boost inversion: GP %lu %s.\n", gp_state,
1049 				gp_done ? "ended already" : "still pending");
1050 
1051 		}
1052 
1053 		return true; // failed
1054 	} else if (cur_ops->check_boost_failed && !cur_ops->check_boost_failed(gp_state, NULL)) {
1055 		*start = jiffies;
1056 	}
1057 
1058 	return false; // passed
1059 }
1060 
1061 static int rcu_torture_boost(void *arg)
1062 {
1063 	unsigned long endtime;
1064 	unsigned long gp_state;
1065 	unsigned long gp_state_time;
1066 	unsigned long oldstarttime;
1067 
1068 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost started");
1069 
1070 	/* Set real-time priority. */
1071 	sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1072 
1073 	/* Each pass through the following loop does one boost-test cycle. */
1074 	do {
1075 		bool failed = false; // Test failed already in this test interval
1076 		bool gp_initiated = false;
1077 
1078 		if (kthread_should_stop())
1079 			goto checkwait;
1080 
1081 		/* Wait for the next test interval. */
1082 		oldstarttime = READ_ONCE(boost_starttime);
1083 		while (time_before(jiffies, oldstarttime)) {
1084 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(oldstarttime - jiffies);
1085 			if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost"))
1086 				sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1087 			if (torture_must_stop())
1088 				goto checkwait;
1089 		}
1090 
1091 		// Do one boost-test interval.
1092 		endtime = oldstarttime + test_boost_duration * HZ;
1093 		while (time_before(jiffies, endtime)) {
1094 			// Has current GP gone too long?
1095 			if (gp_initiated && !failed && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1096 				failed = rcu_torture_boost_failed(gp_state, &gp_state_time);
1097 			// If we don't have a grace period in flight, start one.
1098 			if (!gp_initiated || cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state)) {
1099 				gp_state = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1100 				gp_initiated = true;
1101 				gp_state_time = jiffies;
1102 			}
1103 			if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost")) {
1104 				sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1105 				// If the grace period already ended,
1106 				// we don't know when that happened, so
1107 				// start over.
1108 				if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1109 					gp_initiated = false;
1110 			}
1111 			if (torture_must_stop())
1112 				goto checkwait;
1113 		}
1114 
1115 		// In case the grace period extended beyond the end of the loop.
1116 		if (gp_initiated && !failed && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1117 			rcu_torture_boost_failed(gp_state, &gp_state_time);
1118 
1119 		/*
1120 		 * Set the start time of the next test interval.
1121 		 * Yes, this is vulnerable to long delays, but such
1122 		 * delays simply cause a false negative for the next
1123 		 * interval.  Besides, we are running at RT priority,
1124 		 * so delays should be relatively rare.
1125 		 */
1126 		while (oldstarttime == READ_ONCE(boost_starttime) && !kthread_should_stop()) {
1127 			if (mutex_trylock(&boost_mutex)) {
1128 				if (oldstarttime == boost_starttime) {
1129 					WRITE_ONCE(boost_starttime,
1130 						   jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ);
1131 					n_rcu_torture_boosts++;
1132 				}
1133 				mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
1134 				break;
1135 			}
1136 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
1137 		}
1138 
1139 		/* Go do the stutter. */
1140 checkwait:	if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost"))
1141 			sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1142 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1143 
1144 	/* Clean up and exit. */
1145 	while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
1146 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_boost");
1147 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
1148 	}
1149 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_boost");
1150 	return 0;
1151 }
1152 
1153 /*
1154  * RCU torture force-quiescent-state kthread.  Repeatedly induces
1155  * bursts of calls to force_quiescent_state(), increasing the probability
1156  * of occurrence of some important types of race conditions.
1157  */
1158 static int
1159 rcu_torture_fqs(void *arg)
1160 {
1161 	unsigned long fqs_resume_time;
1162 	int fqs_burst_remaining;
1163 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1164 
1165 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fqs task started");
1166 	do {
1167 		fqs_resume_time = jiffies + fqs_stutter * HZ;
1168 		while (time_before(jiffies, fqs_resume_time) &&
1169 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1170 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
1171 		}
1172 		fqs_burst_remaining = fqs_duration;
1173 		while (fqs_burst_remaining > 0 &&
1174 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1175 			cur_ops->fqs();
1176 			udelay(fqs_holdoff);
1177 			fqs_burst_remaining -= fqs_holdoff;
1178 		}
1179 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fqs"))
1180 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1181 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1182 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fqs");
1183 	return 0;
1184 }
1185 
1186 // Used by writers to randomly choose from the available grace-period primitives.
1187 static int synctype[ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_torture_writer_state_names)] = { };
1188 static int nsynctypes;
1189 
1190 /*
1191  * Determine which grace-period primitives are available.
1192  */
1193 static void rcu_torture_write_types(void)
1194 {
1195 	bool gp_cond1 = gp_cond, gp_cond_exp1 = gp_cond_exp, gp_cond_full1 = gp_cond_full;
1196 	bool gp_cond_exp_full1 = gp_cond_exp_full, gp_exp1 = gp_exp, gp_poll_exp1 = gp_poll_exp;
1197 	bool gp_poll_exp_full1 = gp_poll_exp_full, gp_normal1 = gp_normal, gp_poll1 = gp_poll;
1198 	bool gp_poll_full1 = gp_poll_full, gp_sync1 = gp_sync;
1199 
1200 	/* Initialize synctype[] array.  If none set, take default. */
1201 	if (!gp_cond1 &&
1202 	    !gp_cond_exp1 &&
1203 	    !gp_cond_full1 &&
1204 	    !gp_cond_exp_full1 &&
1205 	    !gp_exp1 &&
1206 	    !gp_poll_exp1 &&
1207 	    !gp_poll_exp_full1 &&
1208 	    !gp_normal1 &&
1209 	    !gp_poll1 &&
1210 	    !gp_poll_full1 &&
1211 	    !gp_sync1) {
1212 		gp_cond1 = true;
1213 		gp_cond_exp1 = true;
1214 		gp_cond_full1 = true;
1215 		gp_cond_exp_full1 = true;
1216 		gp_exp1 = true;
1217 		gp_poll_exp1 = true;
1218 		gp_poll_exp_full1 = true;
1219 		gp_normal1 = true;
1220 		gp_poll1 = true;
1221 		gp_poll_full1 = true;
1222 		gp_sync1 = true;
1223 	}
1224 	if (gp_cond1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->cond_sync) {
1225 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET;
1226 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional GPs.\n", __func__);
1227 	} else if (gp_cond && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync)) {
1228 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond without primitives.\n", __func__);
1229 	}
1230 	if (gp_cond_exp1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp && cur_ops->cond_sync_exp) {
1231 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP;
1232 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1233 	} else if (gp_cond_exp && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp || !cur_ops->cond_sync_exp)) {
1234 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1235 	}
1236 	if (gp_cond_full1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->cond_sync_full) {
1237 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET_FULL;
1238 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional full-state GPs.\n", __func__);
1239 	} else if (gp_cond_full && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync_full)) {
1240 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1241 	}
1242 	if (gp_cond_exp_full1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp && cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full) {
1243 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL;
1244 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional full-state expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1245 	} else if (gp_cond_exp_full &&
1246 		   (!cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp || !cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full)) {
1247 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond_exp_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1248 	}
1249 	if (gp_exp1 && cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1250 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1251 		pr_info("%s: Testing expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1252 	} else if (gp_exp && !cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1253 		pr_alert("%s: gp_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1254 	}
1255 	if (gp_normal1 && cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1256 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1257 		pr_info("%s: Testing asynchronous GPs.\n", __func__);
1258 	} else if (gp_normal && !cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1259 		pr_alert("%s: gp_normal without primitives.\n", __func__);
1260 	}
1261 	if (gp_poll1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
1262 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET;
1263 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling GPs.\n", __func__);
1264 	} else if (gp_poll && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)) {
1265 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll without primitives.\n", __func__);
1266 	}
1267 	if (gp_poll_full1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
1268 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL;
1269 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling full-state GPs.\n", __func__);
1270 	} else if (gp_poll_full && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)) {
1271 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1272 	}
1273 	if (gp_poll_exp1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp) {
1274 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP;
1275 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1276 	} else if (gp_poll_exp && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp)) {
1277 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1278 	}
1279 	if (gp_poll_exp_full1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
1280 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL;
1281 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling full-state expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1282 	} else if (gp_poll_exp_full &&
1283 		   (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)) {
1284 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll_exp_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1285 	}
1286 	if (gp_sync1 && cur_ops->sync) {
1287 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_SYNC;
1288 		pr_info("%s: Testing normal GPs.\n", __func__);
1289 	} else if (gp_sync && !cur_ops->sync) {
1290 		pr_alert("%s: gp_sync without primitives.\n", __func__);
1291 	}
1292 }
1293 
1294 /*
1295  * Do the specified rcu_torture_writer() synchronous grace period,
1296  * while also testing out the polled APIs.  Note well that the single-CPU
1297  * grace-period optimizations must be accounted for.
1298  */
1299 static void do_rtws_sync(struct torture_random_state *trsp, void (*sync)(void))
1300 {
1301 	unsigned long cookie;
1302 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
1303 	bool dopoll;
1304 	bool dopoll_full;
1305 	unsigned long r = torture_random(trsp);
1306 
1307 	dopoll = cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state && !(r & 0x300);
1308 	dopoll_full = cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full && !(r & 0xc00);
1309 	if (dopoll || dopoll_full)
1310 		cpus_read_lock();
1311 	if (dopoll)
1312 		cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1313 	if (dopoll_full)
1314 		cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&cookie_full);
1315 	if (cur_ops->poll_need_2gp && cur_ops->poll_need_2gp(dopoll, dopoll_full))
1316 		sync();
1317 	sync();
1318 	WARN_ONCE(dopoll && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1319 		  "%s: Cookie check 3 failed %pS() online %*pbl.",
1320 		  __func__, sync, cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1321 	WARN_ONCE(dopoll_full && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full),
1322 		  "%s: Cookie check 4 failed %pS() online %*pbl",
1323 		  __func__, sync, cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1324 	if (dopoll || dopoll_full)
1325 		cpus_read_unlock();
1326 }
1327 
1328 /*
1329  * RCU torture writer kthread.  Repeatedly substitutes a new structure
1330  * for that pointed to by rcu_torture_current, freeing the old structure
1331  * after a series of grace periods (the "pipeline").
1332  */
1333 static int
1334 rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
1335 {
1336 	bool boot_ended;
1337 	bool can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() && !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1338 	unsigned long cookie;
1339 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
1340 	int expediting = 0;
1341 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1342 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap_full;
1343 	int i;
1344 	int idx;
1345 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1346 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
1347 	struct rcu_torture *old_rp;
1348 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1349 	bool stutter_waited;
1350 
1351 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task started");
1352 	if (!can_expedite)
1353 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1354 			 " GP expediting controlled from boot/sysfs for %s.\n",
1355 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
1356 	if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
1357 		      "%s: No update-side primitives.\n", __func__)) {
1358 		/*
1359 		 * No updates primitives, so don't try updating.
1360 		 * The resulting test won't be testing much, hence the
1361 		 * above WARN_ONCE().
1362 		 */
1363 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1364 		torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1365 		return 0;
1366 	}
1367 
1368 	do {
1369 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_FIXED_DELAY;
1370 		torture_hrtimeout_us(500, 1000, &rand);
1371 		rp = rcu_torture_alloc();
1372 		if (rp == NULL)
1373 			continue;
1374 		rp->rtort_pipe_count = 0;
1375 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DELAY;
1376 		udelay(torture_random(&rand) & 0x3ff);
1377 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_REPLACE;
1378 		old_rp = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
1379 					       current == writer_task);
1380 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 1;
1381 		rcu_assign_pointer(rcu_torture_current, rp);
1382 		smp_wmb(); /* Mods to old_rp must follow rcu_assign_pointer() */
1383 		if (old_rp) {
1384 			i = old_rp->rtort_pipe_count;
1385 			if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
1386 				i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1387 			atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
1388 			WRITE_ONCE(old_rp->rtort_pipe_count,
1389 				   old_rp->rtort_pipe_count + 1);
1390 
1391 			// Make sure readers block polled grace periods.
1392 			if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
1393 				idx = cur_ops->readlock();
1394 				cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1395 				WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1396 					  "%s: Cookie check 1 failed %s(%d) %lu->%lu\n",
1397 					  __func__,
1398 					  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1399 					  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1400 					  cookie, cur_ops->get_gp_state());
1401 				if (cur_ops->get_gp_completed) {
1402 					cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_completed();
1403 					WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie));
1404 				}
1405 				cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
1406 			}
1407 			if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
1408 				idx = cur_ops->readlock();
1409 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&cookie_full);
1410 				WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full),
1411 					  "%s: Cookie check 5 failed %s(%d) online %*pbl\n",
1412 					  __func__,
1413 					  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1414 					  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1415 					  cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1416 				if (cur_ops->get_gp_completed_full) {
1417 					cur_ops->get_gp_completed_full(&cookie_full);
1418 					WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full));
1419 				}
1420 				cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
1421 			}
1422 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1423 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1424 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1425 				cur_ops->deferred_free(old_rp);
1426 				break;
1427 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1428 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1429 				do_rtws_sync(&rand, cur_ops->exp_sync);
1430 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1431 				break;
1432 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1433 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET;
1434 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1435 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1436 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC;
1437 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1438 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1439 				break;
1440 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP:
1441 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP;
1442 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp();
1443 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1444 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP;
1445 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp(gp_snap);
1446 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1447 				break;
1448 			case RTWS_COND_GET_FULL:
1449 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET_FULL;
1450 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1451 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1452 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC_FULL;
1453 				cur_ops->cond_sync_full(&gp_snap_full);
1454 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1455 				break;
1456 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL:
1457 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL;
1458 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1459 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1460 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP_FULL;
1461 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1462 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1463 				break;
1464 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
1465 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET;
1466 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1467 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT;
1468 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap))
1469 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1470 								  &rand);
1471 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1472 				break;
1473 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL:
1474 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL;
1475 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full(&gp_snap_full);
1476 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL;
1477 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full))
1478 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1479 								  &rand);
1480 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1481 				break;
1482 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP:
1483 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP;
1484 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp();
1485 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP;
1486 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp(gp_snap))
1487 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1488 								  &rand);
1489 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1490 				break;
1491 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL:
1492 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL;
1493 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1494 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP_FULL;
1495 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full))
1496 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1497 								  &rand);
1498 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1499 				break;
1500 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1501 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_SYNC;
1502 				do_rtws_sync(&rand, cur_ops->sync);
1503 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1504 				break;
1505 			default:
1506 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1507 				break;
1508 			}
1509 		}
1510 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version,
1511 			   rcu_torture_current_version + 1);
1512 		/* Cycle through nesting levels of rcu_expedite_gp() calls. */
1513 		if (can_expedite &&
1514 		    !(torture_random(&rand) & 0xff & (!!expediting - 1))) {
1515 			WARN_ON_ONCE(expediting == 0 && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1516 			if (expediting >= 0)
1517 				rcu_expedite_gp();
1518 			else
1519 				rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1520 			if (++expediting > 3)
1521 				expediting = -expediting;
1522 		} else if (!can_expedite) { /* Disabled during boot, recheck. */
1523 			can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() &&
1524 				       !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1525 		}
1526 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STUTTER;
1527 		boot_ended = rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended();
1528 		stutter_waited = stutter_wait("rcu_torture_writer");
1529 		if (stutter_waited &&
1530 		    !atomic_read(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
1531 		    !cur_ops->slow_gps &&
1532 		    !torture_must_stop() &&
1533 		    boot_ended)
1534 			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++)
1535 				if (list_empty(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free) &&
1536 				    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) !=
1537 				    &rcu_tortures[i]) {
1538 					tracing_off();
1539 					WARN(1, "%s: rtort_pipe_count: %d\n", __func__, rcu_tortures[i].rtort_pipe_count);
1540 					rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1541 				}
1542 		if (stutter_waited)
1543 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1544 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1545 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;  // Let stats task know that we are done.
1546 	/* Reset expediting back to unexpedited. */
1547 	if (expediting > 0)
1548 		expediting = -expediting;
1549 	while (can_expedite && expediting++ < 0)
1550 		rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1551 	WARN_ON_ONCE(can_expedite && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1552 	if (!can_expedite)
1553 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1554 			 " Dynamic grace-period expediting was disabled.\n",
1555 			 torture_type);
1556 	rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1557 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1558 	return 0;
1559 }
1560 
1561 /*
1562  * RCU torture fake writer kthread.  Repeatedly calls sync, with a random
1563  * delay between calls.
1564  */
1565 static int
1566 rcu_torture_fakewriter(void *arg)
1567 {
1568 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1569 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap_full;
1570 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1571 
1572 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fakewriter task started");
1573 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
1574 
1575 	if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
1576 		      "%s: No update-side primitives.\n", __func__)) {
1577 		/*
1578 		 * No updates primitives, so don't try updating.
1579 		 * The resulting test won't be testing much, hence the
1580 		 * above WARN_ONCE().
1581 		 */
1582 		torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1583 		return 0;
1584 	}
1585 
1586 	do {
1587 		torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 10, &rand);
1588 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL &&
1589 		    torture_random(&rand) % (nfakewriters * 8) == 0) {
1590 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
1591 		} else {
1592 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1593 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1594 				break;
1595 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1596 				cur_ops->exp_sync();
1597 				break;
1598 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1599 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1600 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1601 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1602 				break;
1603 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP:
1604 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp();
1605 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1606 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp(gp_snap);
1607 				break;
1608 			case RTWS_COND_GET_FULL:
1609 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1610 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1611 				cur_ops->cond_sync_full(&gp_snap_full);
1612 				break;
1613 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL:
1614 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1615 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1616 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1617 				break;
1618 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
1619 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1620 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap)) {
1621 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1622 								  &rand);
1623 				}
1624 				break;
1625 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL:
1626 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full(&gp_snap_full);
1627 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full)) {
1628 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1629 								  &rand);
1630 				}
1631 				break;
1632 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP:
1633 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp();
1634 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp(gp_snap)) {
1635 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1636 								  &rand);
1637 				}
1638 				break;
1639 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL:
1640 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1641 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full)) {
1642 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1643 								  &rand);
1644 				}
1645 				break;
1646 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1647 				cur_ops->sync();
1648 				break;
1649 			default:
1650 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1651 				break;
1652 			}
1653 		}
1654 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1655 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1656 
1657 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1658 	return 0;
1659 }
1660 
1661 static void rcu_torture_timer_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
1662 {
1663 	kfree(rhp);
1664 }
1665 
1666 // Set up and carry out testing of RCU's global memory ordering
1667 static void rcu_torture_reader_do_mbchk(long myid, struct rcu_torture *rtp,
1668 					struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1669 {
1670 	unsigned long loops;
1671 	int noc = torture_num_online_cpus();
1672 	int rdrchked;
1673 	int rdrchker;
1674 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp; // Me.
1675 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_assigner; // Assigned us to do checking.
1676 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_chked; // Reader being checked.
1677 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_chker; // Reader doing checking when not me.
1678 
1679 	if (myid < 0)
1680 		return; // Don't try this from timer handlers.
1681 
1682 	// Increment my counter.
1683 	rtrcp = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[myid];
1684 	WRITE_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_myloops, rtrcp->rtc_myloops + 1);
1685 
1686 	// Attempt to assign someone else some checking work.
1687 	rdrchked = torture_random(trsp) % nrealreaders;
1688 	rtrcp_chked = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchked];
1689 	rdrchker = torture_random(trsp) % nrealreaders;
1690 	rtrcp_chker = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchker];
1691 	if (rdrchked != myid && rdrchked != rdrchker && noc >= rdrchked && noc >= rdrchker &&
1692 	    smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr) < 0 && // Pairs with smp_store_release below.
1693 	    !READ_ONCE(rtp->rtort_chkp) &&
1694 	    !smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner)) { // Pairs with smp_store_release below.
1695 		rtrcp->rtc_chkloops = READ_ONCE(rtrcp_chked->rtc_myloops);
1696 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr >= 0);
1697 		rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr = rdrchked;
1698 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_ready); // This gets set after the grace period ends.
1699 		if (cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner, NULL, rtrcp) ||
1700 		    cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtp->rtort_chkp, NULL, rtrcp))
1701 			(void)cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner, rtrcp, NULL); // Back out.
1702 	}
1703 
1704 	// If assigned some completed work, do it!
1705 	rtrcp_assigner = READ_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_assigner);
1706 	if (!rtrcp_assigner || !smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp_assigner->rtc_ready))
1707 		return; // No work or work not yet ready.
1708 	rdrchked = rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkrdr;
1709 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(rdrchked < 0))
1710 		return;
1711 	rtrcp_chked = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchked];
1712 	loops = READ_ONCE(rtrcp_chked->rtc_myloops);
1713 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries);
1714 	if (ULONG_CMP_LT(loops, rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkloops))
1715 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail);
1716 	rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkloops = loops + ULONG_MAX / 2;
1717 	rtrcp_assigner->rtc_ready = 0;
1718 	smp_store_release(&rtrcp->rtc_assigner, NULL); // Someone else can assign us work.
1719 	smp_store_release(&rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkrdr, -1); // Assigner can again assign.
1720 }
1721 
1722 /*
1723  * Do one extension of an RCU read-side critical section using the
1724  * current reader state in readstate (set to zero for initial entry
1725  * to extended critical section), set the new state as specified by
1726  * newstate (set to zero for final exit from extended critical section),
1727  * and random-number-generator state in trsp.  If this is neither the
1728  * beginning or end of the critical section and if there was actually a
1729  * change, do a ->read_delay().
1730  */
1731 static void rcutorture_one_extend(int *readstate, int newstate,
1732 				  struct torture_random_state *trsp,
1733 				  struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
1734 {
1735 	unsigned long flags;
1736 	int idxnew1 = -1;
1737 	int idxnew2 = -1;
1738 	int idxold1 = *readstate;
1739 	int idxold2 = idxold1;
1740 	int statesnew = ~*readstate & newstate;
1741 	int statesold = *readstate & ~newstate;
1742 
1743 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxold2 < 0);
1744 	WARN_ON_ONCE((idxold2 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) > 1);
1745 	rtrsp->rt_readstate = newstate;
1746 
1747 	/* First, put new protection in place to avoid critical-section gap. */
1748 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
1749 		local_bh_disable();
1750 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
1751 		rcu_read_lock_bh();
1752 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1753 		local_irq_disable();
1754 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
1755 		preempt_disable();
1756 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
1757 		rcu_read_lock_sched();
1758 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
1759 		idxnew1 = (cur_ops->readlock() & 0x1) << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1;
1760 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)
1761 		idxnew2 = (cur_ops->readlock() & 0x1) << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2;
1762 
1763 	/*
1764 	 * Next, remove old protection, in decreasing order of strength
1765 	 * to avoid unlock paths that aren't safe in the stronger
1766 	 * context. Namely: BH can not be enabled with disabled interrupts.
1767 	 * Additionally PREEMPT_RT requires that BH is enabled in preemptible
1768 	 * context.
1769 	 */
1770 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1771 		local_irq_enable();
1772 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
1773 		preempt_enable();
1774 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
1775 		rcu_read_unlock_sched();
1776 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
1777 		local_bh_enable();
1778 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
1779 		rcu_read_unlock_bh();
1780 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2) {
1781 		cur_ops->readunlock((idxold2 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) & 0x1);
1782 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew2 != -1);
1783 		idxold2 = 0;
1784 	}
1785 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1) {
1786 		bool lockit;
1787 
1788 		lockit = !cur_ops->no_pi_lock && !statesnew && !(torture_random(trsp) & 0xffff);
1789 		if (lockit)
1790 			raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&current->pi_lock, flags);
1791 		cur_ops->readunlock((idxold1 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1) & 0x1);
1792 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 != -1);
1793 		idxold1 = 0;
1794 		if (lockit)
1795 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&current->pi_lock, flags);
1796 	}
1797 
1798 	/* Delay if neither beginning nor end and there was a change. */
1799 	if ((statesnew || statesold) && *readstate && newstate)
1800 		cur_ops->read_delay(trsp, rtrsp);
1801 
1802 	/* Update the reader state. */
1803 	if (idxnew1 == -1)
1804 		idxnew1 = idxold1 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1;
1805 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 < 0);
1806 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE((idxnew1 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1) > 1))
1807 		pr_info("Unexpected idxnew1 value of %#x\n", idxnew1);
1808 	if (idxnew2 == -1)
1809 		idxnew2 = idxold2 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2;
1810 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew2 < 0);
1811 	WARN_ON_ONCE((idxnew2 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) > 1);
1812 	*readstate = idxnew1 | idxnew2 | newstate;
1813 	WARN_ON_ONCE(*readstate < 0);
1814 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE((*readstate >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) > 1))
1815 		pr_info("Unexpected idxnew2 value of %#x\n", idxnew2);
1816 }
1817 
1818 /* Return the biggest extendables mask given current RCU and boot parameters. */
1819 static int rcutorture_extend_mask_max(void)
1820 {
1821 	int mask;
1822 
1823 	WARN_ON_ONCE(extendables & ~RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND);
1824 	mask = extendables & RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND & cur_ops->extendables;
1825 	mask = mask | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
1826 	return mask;
1827 }
1828 
1829 /* Return a random protection state mask, but with at least one bit set. */
1830 static int
1831 rcutorture_extend_mask(int oldmask, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1832 {
1833 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
1834 	unsigned long randmask1 = torture_random(trsp) >> 8;
1835 	unsigned long randmask2 = randmask1 >> 3;
1836 	unsigned long preempts = RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED;
1837 	unsigned long preempts_irq = preempts | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ;
1838 	unsigned long bhs = RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH;
1839 
1840 	WARN_ON_ONCE(mask >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1);
1841 	/* Mostly only one bit (need preemption!), sometimes lots of bits. */
1842 	if (!(randmask1 & 0x7))
1843 		mask = mask & randmask2;
1844 	else
1845 		mask = mask & (1 << (randmask2 % RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS));
1846 
1847 	// Can't have nested RCU reader without outer RCU reader.
1848 	if (!(mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1) && (mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)) {
1849 		if (oldmask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
1850 			mask &= ~RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
1851 		else
1852 			mask |= RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1;
1853 	}
1854 
1855 	/*
1856 	 * Can't enable bh w/irq disabled.
1857 	 */
1858 	if (mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1859 		mask |= oldmask & bhs;
1860 
1861 	/*
1862 	 * Ideally these sequences would be detected in debug builds
1863 	 * (regardless of RT), but until then don't stop testing
1864 	 * them on non-RT.
1865 	 */
1866 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)) {
1867 		/* Can't modify BH in atomic context */
1868 		if (oldmask & preempts_irq)
1869 			mask &= ~bhs;
1870 		if ((oldmask | mask) & preempts_irq)
1871 			mask |= oldmask & bhs;
1872 	}
1873 
1874 	return mask ?: RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1;
1875 }
1876 
1877 /*
1878  * Do a randomly selected number of extensions of an existing RCU read-side
1879  * critical section.
1880  */
1881 static struct rt_read_seg *
1882 rcutorture_loop_extend(int *readstate, struct torture_random_state *trsp,
1883 		       struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
1884 {
1885 	int i;
1886 	int j;
1887 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
1888 
1889 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!*readstate); /* -Existing- RCU read-side critsect! */
1890 	if (!((mask - 1) & mask))
1891 		return rtrsp;  /* Current RCU reader not extendable. */
1892 	/* Bias towards larger numbers of loops. */
1893 	i = (torture_random(trsp) >> 3);
1894 	i = ((i | (i >> 3)) & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS) + 1;
1895 	for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
1896 		mask = rcutorture_extend_mask(*readstate, trsp);
1897 		rcutorture_one_extend(readstate, mask, trsp, &rtrsp[j]);
1898 	}
1899 	return &rtrsp[j];
1900 }
1901 
1902 /*
1903  * Do one read-side critical section, returning false if there was
1904  * no data to read.  Can be invoked both from process context and
1905  * from a timer handler.
1906  */
1907 static bool rcu_torture_one_read(struct torture_random_state *trsp, long myid)
1908 {
1909 	bool checkpolling = !(torture_random(trsp) & 0xfff);
1910 	unsigned long cookie;
1911 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
1912 	int i;
1913 	unsigned long started;
1914 	unsigned long completed;
1915 	int newstate;
1916 	struct rcu_torture *p;
1917 	int pipe_count;
1918 	int readstate = 0;
1919 	struct rt_read_seg rtseg[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS] = { { 0 } };
1920 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp = &rtseg[0];
1921 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp1;
1922 	unsigned long long ts;
1923 
1924 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_is_watching());
1925 	newstate = rcutorture_extend_mask(readstate, trsp);
1926 	rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, newstate, trsp, rtrsp++);
1927 	if (checkpolling) {
1928 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
1929 			cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1930 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)
1931 			cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&cookie_full);
1932 	}
1933 	started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
1934 	ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
1935 	p = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
1936 				  !cur_ops->readlock_held || cur_ops->readlock_held());
1937 	if (p == NULL) {
1938 		/* Wait for rcu_torture_writer to get underway */
1939 		rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, 0, trsp, rtrsp);
1940 		return false;
1941 	}
1942 	if (p->rtort_mbtest == 0)
1943 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mberror);
1944 	rcu_torture_reader_do_mbchk(myid, p, trsp);
1945 	rtrsp = rcutorture_loop_extend(&readstate, trsp, rtrsp);
1946 	preempt_disable();
1947 	pipe_count = READ_ONCE(p->rtort_pipe_count);
1948 	if (pipe_count > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
1949 		/* Should not happen, but... */
1950 		pipe_count = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1951 	}
1952 	completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
1953 	if (pipe_count > 1) {
1954 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, &p->rtort_rcu,
1955 					  ts, started, completed);
1956 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1957 	}
1958 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_count[pipe_count]);
1959 	completed = rcutorture_seq_diff(completed, started);
1960 	if (completed > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
1961 		/* Should not happen, but... */
1962 		completed = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1963 	}
1964 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_batch[completed]);
1965 	preempt_enable();
1966 	if (checkpolling) {
1967 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
1968 			WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1969 				  "%s: Cookie check 2 failed %s(%d) %lu->%lu\n",
1970 				  __func__,
1971 				  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1972 				  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1973 				  cookie, cur_ops->get_gp_state());
1974 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)
1975 			WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full),
1976 				  "%s: Cookie check 6 failed %s(%d) online %*pbl\n",
1977 				  __func__,
1978 				  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1979 				  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1980 				  cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1981 	}
1982 	rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, 0, trsp, rtrsp);
1983 	WARN_ON_ONCE(readstate);
1984 	// This next splat is expected behavior if leakpointer, especially
1985 	// for CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD=y kernels.
1986 	WARN_ON_ONCE(leakpointer && READ_ONCE(p->rtort_pipe_count) > 1);
1987 
1988 	/* If error or close call, record the sequence of reader protections. */
1989 	if ((pipe_count > 1 || completed > 1) && !xchg(&err_segs_recorded, 1)) {
1990 		i = 0;
1991 		for (rtrsp1 = &rtseg[0]; rtrsp1 < rtrsp; rtrsp1++)
1992 			err_segs[i++] = *rtrsp1;
1993 		rt_read_nsegs = i;
1994 	}
1995 
1996 	return true;
1997 }
1998 
1999 static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM_PERCPU(rcu_torture_timer_rand);
2000 
2001 /*
2002  * RCU torture reader from timer handler.  Dereferences rcu_torture_current,
2003  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
2004  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
2005  * RCU implementation is broken.
2006  */
2007 static void rcu_torture_timer(struct timer_list *unused)
2008 {
2009 	atomic_long_inc(&n_rcu_torture_timers);
2010 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_torture_timer_rand), -1);
2011 
2012 	/* Test call_rcu() invocation from interrupt handler. */
2013 	if (cur_ops->call) {
2014 		struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_NOWAIT);
2015 
2016 		if (rhp)
2017 			cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_timer_cb);
2018 	}
2019 }
2020 
2021 /*
2022  * RCU torture reader kthread.  Repeatedly dereferences rcu_torture_current,
2023  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
2024  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
2025  * RCU implementation is broken.
2026  */
2027 static int
2028 rcu_torture_reader(void *arg)
2029 {
2030 	unsigned long lastsleep = jiffies;
2031 	long myid = (long)arg;
2032 	int mynumonline = myid;
2033 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
2034 	struct timer_list t;
2035 
2036 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_reader task started");
2037 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2038 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable)
2039 		timer_setup_on_stack(&t, rcu_torture_timer, 0);
2040 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2041 	do {
2042 		if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
2043 			if (!timer_pending(&t))
2044 				mod_timer(&t, jiffies + 1);
2045 		}
2046 		if (!rcu_torture_one_read(&rand, myid) && !torture_must_stop())
2047 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ);
2048 		if (time_after(jiffies, lastsleep) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2049 			torture_hrtimeout_us(500, 1000, &rand);
2050 			lastsleep = jiffies + 10;
2051 		}
2052 		while (torture_num_online_cpus() < mynumonline && !torture_must_stop())
2053 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 5);
2054 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_reader");
2055 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2056 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
2057 		del_timer_sync(&t);
2058 		destroy_timer_on_stack(&t);
2059 	}
2060 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2061 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_reader");
2062 	return 0;
2063 }
2064 
2065 /*
2066  * Randomly Toggle CPUs' callback-offload state.  This uses hrtimers to
2067  * increase race probabilities and fuzzes the interval between toggling.
2068  */
2069 static int rcu_nocb_toggle(void *arg)
2070 {
2071 	int cpu;
2072 	int maxcpu = -1;
2073 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
2074 	long r;
2075 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
2076 	ktime_t toggle_delay;
2077 	unsigned long toggle_fuzz;
2078 	ktime_t toggle_interval = ms_to_ktime(nocbs_toggle);
2079 
2080 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_nocb_toggle task started");
2081 	while (!rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended())
2082 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
2083 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
2084 		maxcpu = cpu;
2085 	WARN_ON(maxcpu < 0);
2086 	if (toggle_interval > ULONG_MAX)
2087 		toggle_fuzz = ULONG_MAX >> 3;
2088 	else
2089 		toggle_fuzz = toggle_interval >> 3;
2090 	if (toggle_fuzz <= 0)
2091 		toggle_fuzz = NSEC_PER_USEC;
2092 	do {
2093 		r = torture_random(&rand);
2094 		cpu = (r >> 4) % (maxcpu + 1);
2095 		if (r & 0x1) {
2096 			rcu_nocb_cpu_offload(cpu);
2097 			atomic_long_inc(&n_nocb_offload);
2098 		} else {
2099 			rcu_nocb_cpu_deoffload(cpu);
2100 			atomic_long_inc(&n_nocb_deoffload);
2101 		}
2102 		toggle_delay = torture_random(&rand) % toggle_fuzz + toggle_interval;
2103 		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
2104 		schedule_hrtimeout(&toggle_delay, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
2105 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_nocb_toggle"))
2106 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
2107 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2108 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_nocb_toggle");
2109 	return 0;
2110 }
2111 
2112 /*
2113  * Print torture statistics.  Caller must ensure that there is only
2114  * one call to this function at a given time!!!  This is normally
2115  * accomplished by relying on the module system to only have one copy
2116  * of the module loaded, and then by giving the rcu_torture_stats
2117  * kthread full control (or the init/cleanup functions when rcu_torture_stats
2118  * thread is not running).
2119  */
2120 static void
2121 rcu_torture_stats_print(void)
2122 {
2123 	int cpu;
2124 	int i;
2125 	long pipesummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
2126 	long batchsummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
2127 	struct rcu_torture *rtcp;
2128 	static unsigned long rtcv_snap = ULONG_MAX;
2129 	static bool splatted;
2130 	struct task_struct *wtp;
2131 
2132 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
2133 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
2134 			pipesummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i]);
2135 			batchsummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i]);
2136 		}
2137 	}
2138 	for (i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN; i >= 0; i--) {
2139 		if (pipesummary[i] != 0)
2140 			break;
2141 	}
2142 
2143 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2144 	rtcp = rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current);
2145 	pr_cont("rtc: %p %s: %lu tfle: %d rta: %d rtaf: %d rtf: %d ",
2146 		rtcp,
2147 		rtcp && !rcu_stall_is_suppressed_at_boot() ? "ver" : "VER",
2148 		rcu_torture_current_version,
2149 		list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist),
2150 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc),
2151 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail),
2152 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_free));
2153 	pr_cont("rtmbe: %d rtmbkf: %d/%d rtbe: %ld rtbke: %ld rtbre: %ld ",
2154 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror),
2155 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail), atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries),
2156 		n_rcu_torture_barrier_error,
2157 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror,
2158 		n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror);
2159 	pr_cont("rtbf: %ld rtb: %ld nt: %ld ",
2160 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure,
2161 		n_rcu_torture_boosts,
2162 		atomic_long_read(&n_rcu_torture_timers));
2163 	torture_onoff_stats();
2164 	pr_cont("barrier: %ld/%ld:%ld ",
2165 		data_race(n_barrier_successes),
2166 		data_race(n_barrier_attempts),
2167 		data_race(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error));
2168 	pr_cont("read-exits: %ld ", data_race(n_read_exits)); // Statistic.
2169 	pr_cont("nocb-toggles: %ld:%ld\n",
2170 		atomic_long_read(&n_nocb_offload), atomic_long_read(&n_nocb_deoffload));
2171 
2172 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2173 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror) ||
2174 	    atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail) ||
2175 	    n_rcu_torture_barrier_error || n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror ||
2176 	    n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror || n_rcu_torture_boost_failure ||
2177 	    i > 1) {
2178 		pr_cont("%s", "!!! ");
2179 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_error);
2180 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror));
2181 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail));
2182 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error);  // rcu_barrier()
2183 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror); // no boost kthread
2184 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror); // can't set RT prio
2185 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_failure); // boost failed (TIMER_SOFTIRQ RT prio?)
2186 		WARN_ON_ONCE(i > 1); // Too-short grace period
2187 	}
2188 	pr_cont("Reader Pipe: ");
2189 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
2190 		pr_cont(" %ld", pipesummary[i]);
2191 	pr_cont("\n");
2192 
2193 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2194 	pr_cont("Reader Batch: ");
2195 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
2196 		pr_cont(" %ld", batchsummary[i]);
2197 	pr_cont("\n");
2198 
2199 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2200 	pr_cont("Free-Block Circulation: ");
2201 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
2202 		pr_cont(" %d", atomic_read(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]));
2203 	}
2204 	pr_cont("\n");
2205 
2206 	if (cur_ops->stats)
2207 		cur_ops->stats();
2208 	if (rtcv_snap == rcu_torture_current_version &&
2209 	    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) &&
2210 	    !rcu_stall_is_suppressed()) {
2211 		int __maybe_unused flags = 0;
2212 		unsigned long __maybe_unused gp_seq = 0;
2213 
2214 		rcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype,
2215 				       &flags, &gp_seq);
2216 		srcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, srcu_ctlp,
2217 					&flags, &gp_seq);
2218 		wtp = READ_ONCE(writer_task);
2219 		pr_alert("??? Writer stall state %s(%d) g%lu f%#x ->state %#x cpu %d\n",
2220 			 rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
2221 			 rcu_torture_writer_state, gp_seq, flags,
2222 			 wtp == NULL ? ~0U : wtp->__state,
2223 			 wtp == NULL ? -1 : (int)task_cpu(wtp));
2224 		if (!splatted && wtp) {
2225 			sched_show_task(wtp);
2226 			splatted = true;
2227 		}
2228 		if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
2229 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
2230 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
2231 	}
2232 	rtcv_snap = rcu_torture_current_version;
2233 }
2234 
2235 /*
2236  * Periodically prints torture statistics, if periodic statistics printing
2237  * was specified via the stat_interval module parameter.
2238  */
2239 static int
2240 rcu_torture_stats(void *arg)
2241 {
2242 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stats task started");
2243 	do {
2244 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stat_interval * HZ);
2245 		rcu_torture_stats_print();
2246 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stats");
2247 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2248 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_stats");
2249 	return 0;
2250 }
2251 
2252 /* Test mem_dump_obj() and friends.  */
2253 static void rcu_torture_mem_dump_obj(void)
2254 {
2255 	struct rcu_head *rhp;
2256 	struct kmem_cache *kcp;
2257 	static int z;
2258 
2259 	kcp = kmem_cache_create("rcuscale", 136, 8, SLAB_STORE_USER, NULL);
2260 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!kcp))
2261 		return;
2262 	rhp = kmem_cache_alloc(kcp, GFP_KERNEL);
2263 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rhp)) {
2264 		kmem_cache_destroy(kcp);
2265 		return;
2266 	}
2267 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() slab test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px, &z = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp, &z);
2268 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(ZERO_SIZE_PTR):");
2269 	mem_dump_obj(ZERO_SIZE_PTR);
2270 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(NULL):");
2271 	mem_dump_obj(NULL);
2272 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &rhp);
2273 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp);
2274 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", rhp);
2275 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2276 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &rhp->func);
2277 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2278 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &z);
2279 	mem_dump_obj(&z);
2280 	kmem_cache_free(kcp, rhp);
2281 	kmem_cache_destroy(kcp);
2282 	rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
2283 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rhp))
2284 		return;
2285 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() kmalloc test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp);
2286 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(kmalloc %px):", rhp);
2287 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2288 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(kmalloc %px):", &rhp->func);
2289 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2290 	kfree(rhp);
2291 	rhp = vmalloc(4096);
2292 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rhp))
2293 		return;
2294 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() vmalloc test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp);
2295 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(vmalloc %px):", rhp);
2296 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2297 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(vmalloc %px):", &rhp->func);
2298 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2299 	vfree(rhp);
2300 }
2301 
2302 static void
2303 rcu_torture_print_module_parms(struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops, const char *tag)
2304 {
2305 	pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
2306 		 "--- %s: nreaders=%d nfakewriters=%d "
2307 		 "stat_interval=%d verbose=%d test_no_idle_hz=%d "
2308 		 "shuffle_interval=%d stutter=%d irqreader=%d "
2309 		 "fqs_duration=%d fqs_holdoff=%d fqs_stutter=%d "
2310 		 "test_boost=%d/%d test_boost_interval=%d "
2311 		 "test_boost_duration=%d shutdown_secs=%d "
2312 		 "stall_cpu=%d stall_cpu_holdoff=%d stall_cpu_irqsoff=%d "
2313 		 "stall_cpu_block=%d "
2314 		 "n_barrier_cbs=%d "
2315 		 "onoff_interval=%d onoff_holdoff=%d "
2316 		 "read_exit_delay=%d read_exit_burst=%d "
2317 		 "nocbs_nthreads=%d nocbs_toggle=%d\n",
2318 		 torture_type, tag, nrealreaders, nfakewriters,
2319 		 stat_interval, verbose, test_no_idle_hz, shuffle_interval,
2320 		 stutter, irqreader, fqs_duration, fqs_holdoff, fqs_stutter,
2321 		 test_boost, cur_ops->can_boost,
2322 		 test_boost_interval, test_boost_duration, shutdown_secs,
2323 		 stall_cpu, stall_cpu_holdoff, stall_cpu_irqsoff,
2324 		 stall_cpu_block,
2325 		 n_barrier_cbs,
2326 		 onoff_interval, onoff_holdoff,
2327 		 read_exit_delay, read_exit_burst,
2328 		 nocbs_nthreads, nocbs_toggle);
2329 }
2330 
2331 static int rcutorture_booster_cleanup(unsigned int cpu)
2332 {
2333 	struct task_struct *t;
2334 
2335 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] == NULL)
2336 		return 0;
2337 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
2338 	t = boost_tasks[cpu];
2339 	boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
2340 	rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle();
2341 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2342 
2343 	/* This must be outside of the mutex, otherwise deadlock! */
2344 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_boost, t);
2345 	return 0;
2346 }
2347 
2348 static int rcutorture_booster_init(unsigned int cpu)
2349 {
2350 	int retval;
2351 
2352 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] != NULL)
2353 		return 0;  /* Already created, nothing more to do. */
2354 
2355 	// Testing RCU priority boosting requires rcutorture do
2356 	// some serious abuse.  Counter this by running ksoftirqd
2357 	// at higher priority.
2358 	if (IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)) {
2359 		struct sched_param sp;
2360 		struct task_struct *t;
2361 
2362 		t = per_cpu(ksoftirqd, cpu);
2363 		WARN_ON_ONCE(!t);
2364 		sp.sched_priority = 2;
2365 		sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp);
2366 	}
2367 
2368 	/* Don't allow time recalculation while creating a new task. */
2369 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
2370 	rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle();
2371 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Creating rcu_torture_boost task");
2372 	boost_tasks[cpu] = kthread_run_on_cpu(rcu_torture_boost, NULL,
2373 					      cpu, "rcu_torture_boost_%u");
2374 	if (IS_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu])) {
2375 		retval = PTR_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu]);
2376 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost task create failed");
2377 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror++;
2378 		boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
2379 		mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2380 		return retval;
2381 	}
2382 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2383 	return 0;
2384 }
2385 
2386 /*
2387  * CPU-stall kthread.  It waits as specified by stall_cpu_holdoff, then
2388  * induces a CPU stall for the time specified by stall_cpu.
2389  */
2390 static int rcu_torture_stall(void *args)
2391 {
2392 	int idx;
2393 	unsigned long stop_at;
2394 
2395 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall task started");
2396 	if (stall_cpu_holdoff > 0) {
2397 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin holdoff");
2398 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stall_cpu_holdoff * HZ);
2399 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall end holdoff");
2400 	}
2401 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_gp_kthread > 0) {
2402 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin GP stall");
2403 		rcu_gp_set_torture_wait(stall_gp_kthread * HZ);
2404 		for (idx = 0; idx < stall_gp_kthread + 2; idx++) {
2405 			if (kthread_should_stop())
2406 				break;
2407 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2408 		}
2409 	}
2410 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_cpu > 0) {
2411 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin CPU stall");
2412 		stop_at = ktime_get_seconds() + stall_cpu;
2413 		/* RCU CPU stall is expected behavior in following code. */
2414 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
2415 		if (stall_cpu_irqsoff)
2416 			local_irq_disable();
2417 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
2418 			preempt_disable();
2419 		pr_alert("%s start on CPU %d.\n",
2420 			  __func__, raw_smp_processor_id());
2421 		while (ULONG_CMP_LT((unsigned long)ktime_get_seconds(),
2422 				    stop_at))
2423 			if (stall_cpu_block) {
2424 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPTION
2425 				preempt_schedule();
2426 #else
2427 				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2428 #endif
2429 			} else if (stall_no_softlockup) {
2430 				touch_softlockup_watchdog();
2431 			}
2432 		if (stall_cpu_irqsoff)
2433 			local_irq_enable();
2434 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
2435 			preempt_enable();
2436 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
2437 	}
2438 	pr_alert("%s end.\n", __func__);
2439 	torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stall");
2440 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
2441 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(10 * HZ);
2442 	return 0;
2443 }
2444 
2445 /* Spawn CPU-stall kthread, if stall_cpu specified. */
2446 static int __init rcu_torture_stall_init(void)
2447 {
2448 	if (stall_cpu <= 0 && stall_gp_kthread <= 0)
2449 		return 0;
2450 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, NULL, stall_task);
2451 }
2452 
2453 /* State structure for forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback. */
2454 struct fwd_cb_state {
2455 	struct rcu_head rh;
2456 	int stop;
2457 };
2458 
2459 /*
2460  * Forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback function.  Because
2461  * callbacks run from softirq, this function is an implicit RCU read-side
2462  * critical section.
2463  */
2464 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
2465 {
2466 	struct fwd_cb_state *fcsp = container_of(rhp, struct fwd_cb_state, rh);
2467 
2468 	if (READ_ONCE(fcsp->stop)) {
2469 		WRITE_ONCE(fcsp->stop, 2);
2470 		return;
2471 	}
2472 	cur_ops->call(&fcsp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
2473 }
2474 
2475 /* State for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
2476 struct rcu_fwd_cb {
2477 	struct rcu_head rh;
2478 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfc_next;
2479 	struct rcu_fwd *rfc_rfp;
2480 	int rfc_gps;
2481 };
2482 
2483 #define MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES	(8 * HZ) /* Maximum CB test duration. */
2484 #define MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS	3	/* This many CB invocations to count. */
2485 #define MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED	100	/* Number of counted CBs. */
2486 #define FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV	10	/* Histogram buckets/second. */
2487 #define N_LAUNDERS_HIST (2 * MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV))
2488 
2489 struct rcu_launder_hist {
2490 	long n_launders;
2491 	unsigned long launder_gp_seq;
2492 };
2493 
2494 struct rcu_fwd {
2495 	spinlock_t rcu_fwd_lock;
2496 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2497 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
2498 	long n_launders_cb;
2499 	unsigned long rcu_fwd_startat;
2500 	struct rcu_launder_hist n_launders_hist[N_LAUNDERS_HIST];
2501 	unsigned long rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
2502 	int rcu_fwd_id;
2503 };
2504 
2505 static DEFINE_MUTEX(rcu_fwd_mutex);
2506 static struct rcu_fwd *rcu_fwds;
2507 static unsigned long rcu_fwd_seq;
2508 static atomic_long_t rcu_fwd_max_cbs;
2509 static bool rcu_fwd_emergency_stop;
2510 
2511 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2512 {
2513 	unsigned long gps;
2514 	unsigned long gps_old;
2515 	int i;
2516 	int j;
2517 
2518 	for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1; i > 0; i--)
2519 		if (rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders > 0)
2520 			break;
2521 	pr_alert("%s: Callback-invocation histogram %d (duration %lu jiffies):",
2522 		 __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id, jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat);
2523 	gps_old = rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
2524 	for (j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
2525 		gps = rfp->n_launders_hist[j].launder_gp_seq;
2526 		pr_cont(" %ds/%d: %ld:%ld",
2527 			j + 1, FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV,
2528 			rfp->n_launders_hist[j].n_launders,
2529 			rcutorture_seq_diff(gps, gps_old));
2530 		gps_old = gps;
2531 	}
2532 	pr_cont("\n");
2533 }
2534 
2535 /* Callback function for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
2536 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr(struct rcu_head *rhp)
2537 {
2538 	unsigned long flags;
2539 	int i;
2540 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp = container_of(rhp, struct rcu_fwd_cb, rh);
2541 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rfcpp;
2542 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = rfcp->rfc_rfp;
2543 
2544 	rfcp->rfc_next = NULL;
2545 	rfcp->rfc_gps++;
2546 	spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2547 	rfcpp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
2548 	rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfcp->rfc_next;
2549 	WRITE_ONCE(*rfcpp, rfcp);
2550 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb, rfp->n_launders_cb + 1);
2551 	i = ((jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat) / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV));
2552 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist))
2553 		i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1;
2554 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders++;
2555 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].launder_gp_seq = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2556 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2557 }
2558 
2559 // Give the scheduler a chance, even on nohz_full CPUs.
2560 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(unsigned long iter)
2561 {
2562 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPTION) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL)) {
2563 		// Real call_rcu() floods hit userspace, so emulate that.
2564 		if (need_resched() || (iter & 0xfff))
2565 			schedule();
2566 		return;
2567 	}
2568 	// No userspace emulation: CB invocation throttles call_rcu()
2569 	cond_resched();
2570 }
2571 
2572 /*
2573  * Free all callbacks on the rcu_fwd_cb_head list, either because the
2574  * test is over or because we hit an OOM event.
2575  */
2576 static unsigned long rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2577 {
2578 	unsigned long flags;
2579 	unsigned long freed = 0;
2580 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
2581 
2582 	for (;;) {
2583 		spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2584 		rfcp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2585 		if (!rfcp) {
2586 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2587 			break;
2588 		}
2589 		rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcp->rfc_next;
2590 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head)
2591 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2592 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2593 		kfree(rfcp);
2594 		freed++;
2595 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(freed);
2596 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
2597 			local_irq_save(flags);
2598 			rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle();
2599 			local_irq_restore(flags);
2600 		}
2601 	}
2602 	return freed;
2603 }
2604 
2605 /* Carry out need_resched()/cond_resched() forward-progress testing. */
2606 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp,
2607 				    int *tested, int *tested_tries)
2608 {
2609 	unsigned long cver;
2610 	unsigned long dur;
2611 	struct fwd_cb_state fcs;
2612 	unsigned long gps;
2613 	int idx;
2614 	int sd;
2615 	int sd4;
2616 	bool selfpropcb = false;
2617 	unsigned long stopat;
2618 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
2619 
2620 	pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2621 	if (!cur_ops->sync)
2622 		return; // Cannot do need_resched() forward progress testing without ->sync.
2623 	if (cur_ops->call && cur_ops->cb_barrier) {
2624 		init_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
2625 		selfpropcb = true;
2626 	}
2627 
2628 	/* Tight loop containing cond_resched(). */
2629 	atomic_inc(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2630 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
2631 	if  (selfpropcb) {
2632 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 0);
2633 		cur_ops->call(&fcs.rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
2634 	}
2635 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
2636 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2637 	sd = cur_ops->stall_dur() + 1;
2638 	sd4 = (sd + fwd_progress_div - 1) / fwd_progress_div;
2639 	dur = sd4 + torture_random(&trs) % (sd - sd4);
2640 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
2641 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + dur;
2642 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2643 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2644 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2645 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
2646 		udelay(10);
2647 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
2648 		if (!fwd_progress_need_resched || need_resched())
2649 			cond_resched();
2650 	}
2651 	(*tested_tries)++;
2652 	if (!time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2653 	    !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2654 	    !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2655 		(*tested)++;
2656 		cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
2657 		gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
2658 		WARN_ON(!cver && gps < 2);
2659 		pr_alert("%s: %d Duration %ld cver %ld gps %ld\n", __func__,
2660 			 rfp->rcu_fwd_id, dur, cver, gps);
2661 	}
2662 	if (selfpropcb) {
2663 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 1);
2664 		cur_ops->sync(); /* Wait for running CB to complete. */
2665 		pr_alert("%s: Waiting for CBs: %pS() %d\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2666 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for queued callbacks. */
2667 	}
2668 
2669 	if (selfpropcb) {
2670 		WARN_ON(READ_ONCE(fcs.stop) != 2);
2671 		destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
2672 	}
2673 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 10); /* Let kthreads recover. */
2674 	atomic_dec(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2675 }
2676 
2677 /* Carry out call_rcu() forward-progress testing. */
2678 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2679 {
2680 	unsigned long cver;
2681 	unsigned long flags;
2682 	unsigned long gps;
2683 	int i;
2684 	long n_launders;
2685 	long n_launders_cb_snap;
2686 	long n_launders_sa;
2687 	long n_max_cbs;
2688 	long n_max_gps;
2689 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
2690 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcpn;
2691 	unsigned long stopat;
2692 	unsigned long stoppedat;
2693 
2694 	pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2695 	if (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop))
2696 		return; /* Get out of the way quickly, no GP wait! */
2697 	if (!cur_ops->call)
2698 		return; /* Can't do call_rcu() fwd prog without ->call. */
2699 
2700 	/* Loop continuously posting RCU callbacks. */
2701 	atomic_inc(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2702 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
2703 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
2704 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES;
2705 	n_launders = 0;
2706 	rfp->n_launders_cb = 0; // Hoist initialization for multi-kthread
2707 	n_launders_sa = 0;
2708 	n_max_cbs = 0;
2709 	n_max_gps = 0;
2710 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist); i++)
2711 		rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders = 0;
2712 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
2713 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2714 	rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start = gps;
2715 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2716 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2717 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2718 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2719 		rfcp = READ_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head);
2720 		rfcpn = NULL;
2721 		if (rfcp)
2722 			rfcpn = READ_ONCE(rfcp->rfc_next);
2723 		if (rfcpn) {
2724 			if (rfcp->rfc_gps >= MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS &&
2725 			    ++n_max_gps >= MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED)
2726 				break;
2727 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcpn;
2728 			n_launders++;
2729 			n_launders_sa++;
2730 		} else if (!cur_ops->cbflood_max || cur_ops->cbflood_max > n_max_cbs) {
2731 			rfcp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rfcp), GFP_KERNEL);
2732 			if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rfcp)) {
2733 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
2734 				continue;
2735 			}
2736 			n_max_cbs++;
2737 			n_launders_sa = 0;
2738 			rfcp->rfc_gps = 0;
2739 			rfcp->rfc_rfp = rfp;
2740 		} else {
2741 			rfcp = NULL;
2742 		}
2743 		if (rfcp)
2744 			cur_ops->call(&rfcp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr);
2745 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(n_launders + n_max_cbs);
2746 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
2747 			local_irq_save(flags);
2748 			rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle();
2749 			local_irq_restore(flags);
2750 		}
2751 	}
2752 	stoppedat = jiffies;
2753 	n_launders_cb_snap = READ_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb);
2754 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
2755 	gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
2756 	pr_alert("%s: Waiting for CBs: %pS() %d\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2757 	cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for callbacks to be invoked. */
2758 	(void)rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(rfp);
2759 
2760 	if (!torture_must_stop() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) &&
2761 	    !shutdown_time_arrived()) {
2762 		WARN_ON(n_max_gps < MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED);
2763 		pr_alert("%s Duration %lu barrier: %lu pending %ld n_launders: %ld n_launders_sa: %ld n_max_gps: %ld n_max_cbs: %ld cver %ld gps %ld\n",
2764 			 __func__,
2765 			 stoppedat - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies - stoppedat,
2766 			 n_launders + n_max_cbs - n_launders_cb_snap,
2767 			 n_launders, n_launders_sa,
2768 			 n_max_gps, n_max_cbs, cver, gps);
2769 		atomic_long_add(n_max_cbs, &rcu_fwd_max_cbs);
2770 		mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex); // Serialize histograms.
2771 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(rfp);
2772 		mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2773 	}
2774 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ); /* Let CBs drain. */
2775 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2776 	atomic_dec(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2777 }
2778 
2779 
2780 /*
2781  * OOM notifier, but this only prints diagnostic information for the
2782  * current forward-progress test.
2783  */
2784 static int rcutorture_oom_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
2785 				 unsigned long notused, void *nfreed)
2786 {
2787 	int i;
2788 	long ncbs;
2789 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2790 
2791 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2792 	rfp = rcu_fwds;
2793 	if (!rfp) {
2794 		mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2795 		return NOTIFY_OK;
2796 	}
2797 	WARN(1, "%s invoked upon OOM during forward-progress testing.\n",
2798 	     __func__);
2799 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
2800 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(&rfp[i]);
2801 		rcu_fwd_progress_check(1 + (jiffies - READ_ONCE(rfp[i].rcu_fwd_startat)) / 2);
2802 	}
2803 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, true);
2804 	smp_mb(); /* Emergency stop before free and wait to avoid hangs. */
2805 	ncbs = 0;
2806 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2807 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2808 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2809 	cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2810 	ncbs = 0;
2811 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2812 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2813 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2814 	cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2815 	ncbs = 0;
2816 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2817 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2818 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2819 	smp_mb(); /* Frees before return to avoid redoing OOM. */
2820 	(*(unsigned long *)nfreed)++; /* Forward progress CBs freed! */
2821 	pr_info("%s returning after OOM processing.\n", __func__);
2822 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2823 	return NOTIFY_OK;
2824 }
2825 
2826 static struct notifier_block rcutorture_oom_nb = {
2827 	.notifier_call = rcutorture_oom_notify
2828 };
2829 
2830 /* Carry out grace-period forward-progress testing. */
2831 static int rcu_torture_fwd_prog(void *args)
2832 {
2833 	bool firsttime = true;
2834 	long max_cbs;
2835 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
2836 	unsigned long oldseq = READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq);
2837 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = args;
2838 	int tested = 0;
2839 	int tested_tries = 0;
2840 
2841 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_progress task started");
2842 	rcu_bind_current_to_nocb();
2843 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP) || !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST))
2844 		set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2845 	do {
2846 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_id) {
2847 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(fwd_progress_holdoff * HZ);
2848 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, false);
2849 			if (!firsttime) {
2850 				max_cbs = atomic_long_xchg(&rcu_fwd_max_cbs, 0);
2851 				pr_alert("%s n_max_cbs: %ld\n", __func__, max_cbs);
2852 			}
2853 			firsttime = false;
2854 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq, rcu_fwd_seq + 1);
2855 		} else {
2856 			while (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq) == oldseq && !torture_must_stop())
2857 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
2858 			oldseq = READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq);
2859 		}
2860 		pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2861 		if (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() && torture_num_online_cpus() > rfp->rcu_fwd_id)
2862 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(rfp);
2863 		if ((cur_ops->stall_dur && cur_ops->stall_dur() > 0) &&
2864 		    (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_RCU) ||
2865 		     (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() &&
2866 		      torture_num_online_cpus() > rfp->rcu_fwd_id)))
2867 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(rfp, &tested, &tested_tries);
2868 
2869 		/* Avoid slow periods, better to test when busy. */
2870 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fwd_prog"))
2871 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
2872 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2873 	/* Short runs might not contain a valid forward-progress attempt. */
2874 	if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_id) {
2875 		WARN_ON(!tested && tested_tries >= 5);
2876 		pr_alert("%s: tested %d tested_tries %d\n", __func__, tested, tested_tries);
2877 	}
2878 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fwd_prog");
2879 	return 0;
2880 }
2881 
2882 /* If forward-progress checking is requested and feasible, spawn the thread. */
2883 static int __init rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init(void)
2884 {
2885 	int i;
2886 	int ret = 0;
2887 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2888 
2889 	if (!fwd_progress)
2890 		return 0; /* Not requested, so don't do it. */
2891 	if (fwd_progress >= nr_cpu_ids) {
2892 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Limiting fwd_progress to # CPUs.\n");
2893 		fwd_progress = nr_cpu_ids;
2894 	} else if (fwd_progress < 0) {
2895 		fwd_progress = nr_cpu_ids;
2896 	}
2897 	if ((!cur_ops->sync && !cur_ops->call) ||
2898 	    (!cur_ops->cbflood_max && (!cur_ops->stall_dur || cur_ops->stall_dur() <= 0)) ||
2899 	    cur_ops == &rcu_busted_ops) {
2900 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, unsupported by RCU flavor under test");
2901 		fwd_progress = 0;
2902 		return 0;
2903 	}
2904 	if (stall_cpu > 0) {
2905 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, conflicts with CPU-stall testing");
2906 		fwd_progress = 0;
2907 		if (IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST))
2908 			return -EINVAL; /* In module, can fail back to user. */
2909 		WARN_ON(1); /* Make sure rcutorture notices conflict. */
2910 		return 0;
2911 	}
2912 	if (fwd_progress_holdoff <= 0)
2913 		fwd_progress_holdoff = 1;
2914 	if (fwd_progress_div <= 0)
2915 		fwd_progress_div = 4;
2916 	rfp = kcalloc(fwd_progress, sizeof(*rfp), GFP_KERNEL);
2917 	fwd_prog_tasks = kcalloc(fwd_progress, sizeof(*fwd_prog_tasks), GFP_KERNEL);
2918 	if (!rfp || !fwd_prog_tasks) {
2919 		kfree(rfp);
2920 		kfree(fwd_prog_tasks);
2921 		fwd_prog_tasks = NULL;
2922 		fwd_progress = 0;
2923 		return -ENOMEM;
2924 	}
2925 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
2926 		spin_lock_init(&rfp[i].rcu_fwd_lock);
2927 		rfp[i].rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp[i].rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2928 		rfp[i].rcu_fwd_id = i;
2929 	}
2930 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2931 	rcu_fwds = rfp;
2932 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2933 	register_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
2934 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
2935 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, &rcu_fwds[i], fwd_prog_tasks[i]);
2936 		if (ret) {
2937 			fwd_progress = i;
2938 			return ret;
2939 		}
2940 	}
2941 	return 0;
2942 }
2943 
2944 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cleanup(void)
2945 {
2946 	int i;
2947 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2948 
2949 	if (!rcu_fwds || !fwd_prog_tasks)
2950 		return;
2951 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2952 		torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, fwd_prog_tasks[i]);
2953 	unregister_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
2954 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2955 	rfp = rcu_fwds;
2956 	rcu_fwds = NULL;
2957 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2958 	kfree(rfp);
2959 	kfree(fwd_prog_tasks);
2960 	fwd_prog_tasks = NULL;
2961 }
2962 
2963 /* Callback function for RCU barrier testing. */
2964 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cbf(struct rcu_head *rcu)
2965 {
2966 	atomic_inc(&barrier_cbs_invoked);
2967 }
2968 
2969 /* IPI handler to get callback posted on desired CPU, if online. */
2970 static void rcu_torture_barrier1cb(void *rcu_void)
2971 {
2972 	struct rcu_head *rhp = rcu_void;
2973 
2974 	cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
2975 }
2976 
2977 /* kthread function to register callbacks used to test RCU barriers. */
2978 static int rcu_torture_barrier_cbs(void *arg)
2979 {
2980 	long myid = (long)arg;
2981 	bool lastphase = false;
2982 	bool newphase;
2983 	struct rcu_head rcu;
2984 
2985 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
2986 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs task started");
2987 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2988 	do {
2989 		wait_event(barrier_cbs_wq[myid],
2990 			   (newphase =
2991 			    smp_load_acquire(&barrier_phase)) != lastphase ||
2992 			   torture_must_stop());
2993 		lastphase = newphase;
2994 		if (torture_must_stop())
2995 			break;
2996 		/*
2997 		 * The above smp_load_acquire() ensures barrier_phase load
2998 		 * is ordered before the following ->call().
2999 		 */
3000 		if (smp_call_function_single(myid, rcu_torture_barrier1cb,
3001 					     &rcu, 1)) {
3002 			// IPI failed, so use direct call from current CPU.
3003 			cur_ops->call(&rcu, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
3004 		}
3005 		if (atomic_dec_and_test(&barrier_cbs_count))
3006 			wake_up(&barrier_wq);
3007 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
3008 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL)
3009 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3010 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
3011 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs");
3012 	return 0;
3013 }
3014 
3015 /* kthread function to drive and coordinate RCU barrier testing. */
3016 static int rcu_torture_barrier(void *arg)
3017 {
3018 	int i;
3019 
3020 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier task starting");
3021 	do {
3022 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
3023 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, n_barrier_cbs);
3024 		/* Ensure barrier_phase ordered after prior assignments. */
3025 		smp_store_release(&barrier_phase, !barrier_phase);
3026 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
3027 			wake_up(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
3028 		wait_event(barrier_wq,
3029 			   atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_count) == 0 ||
3030 			   torture_must_stop());
3031 		if (torture_must_stop())
3032 			break;
3033 		n_barrier_attempts++;
3034 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Implies smp_mb() for wait_event(). */
3035 		if (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) != n_barrier_cbs) {
3036 			n_rcu_torture_barrier_error++;
3037 			pr_err("barrier_cbs_invoked = %d, n_barrier_cbs = %d\n",
3038 			       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked),
3039 			       n_barrier_cbs);
3040 			WARN_ON(1);
3041 			// Wait manually for the remaining callbacks
3042 			i = 0;
3043 			do {
3044 				if (WARN_ON(i++ > HZ))
3045 					i = INT_MIN;
3046 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
3047 				cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3048 			} while (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) !=
3049 				 n_barrier_cbs &&
3050 				 !torture_must_stop());
3051 			smp_mb(); // Can't trust ordering if broken.
3052 			if (!torture_must_stop())
3053 				pr_err("Recovered: barrier_cbs_invoked = %d\n",
3054 				       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked));
3055 		} else {
3056 			n_barrier_successes++;
3057 		}
3058 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
3059 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
3060 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier");
3061 	return 0;
3062 }
3063 
3064 /* Initialize RCU barrier testing. */
3065 static int rcu_torture_barrier_init(void)
3066 {
3067 	int i;
3068 	int ret;
3069 
3070 	if (n_barrier_cbs <= 0)
3071 		return 0;
3072 	if (cur_ops->call == NULL || cur_ops->cb_barrier == NULL) {
3073 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
3074 			 " Call or barrier ops missing for %s,\n",
3075 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
3076 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
3077 			 " RCU barrier testing omitted from run.\n",
3078 			 torture_type);
3079 		return 0;
3080 	}
3081 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, 0);
3082 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
3083 	barrier_cbs_tasks =
3084 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_tasks[0]),
3085 			GFP_KERNEL);
3086 	barrier_cbs_wq =
3087 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_wq[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
3088 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks == NULL || !barrier_cbs_wq)
3089 		return -ENOMEM;
3090 	for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++) {
3091 		init_waitqueue_head(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
3092 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
3093 					     (void *)(long)i,
3094 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
3095 		if (ret)
3096 			return ret;
3097 	}
3098 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, NULL, barrier_task);
3099 }
3100 
3101 /* Clean up after RCU barrier testing. */
3102 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup(void)
3103 {
3104 	int i;
3105 
3106 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, barrier_task);
3107 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks != NULL) {
3108 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
3109 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
3110 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
3111 		kfree(barrier_cbs_tasks);
3112 		barrier_cbs_tasks = NULL;
3113 	}
3114 	if (barrier_cbs_wq != NULL) {
3115 		kfree(barrier_cbs_wq);
3116 		barrier_cbs_wq = NULL;
3117 	}
3118 }
3119 
3120 static bool rcu_torture_can_boost(void)
3121 {
3122 	static int boost_warn_once;
3123 	int prio;
3124 
3125 	if (!(test_boost == 1 && cur_ops->can_boost) && test_boost != 2)
3126 		return false;
3127 	if (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
3128 		return false;
3129 
3130 	prio = rcu_get_gp_kthreads_prio();
3131 	if (!prio)
3132 		return false;
3133 
3134 	if (prio < 2) {
3135 		if (boost_warn_once == 1)
3136 			return false;
3137 
3138 		pr_alert("%s: WARN: RCU kthread priority too low to test boosting.  Skipping RCU boost test. Try passing rcutree.kthread_prio > 1 on the kernel command line.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3139 		boost_warn_once = 1;
3140 		return false;
3141 	}
3142 
3143 	return true;
3144 }
3145 
3146 static bool read_exit_child_stop;
3147 static bool read_exit_child_stopped;
3148 static wait_queue_head_t read_exit_wq;
3149 
3150 // Child kthread which just does an rcutorture reader and exits.
3151 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_child(void *trsp_in)
3152 {
3153 	struct torture_random_state *trsp = trsp_in;
3154 
3155 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3156 	// Minimize time between reading and exiting.
3157 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
3158 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
3159 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(trsp, -1);
3160 	return 0;
3161 }
3162 
3163 // Parent kthread which creates and destroys read-exit child kthreads.
3164 static int rcu_torture_read_exit(void *unused)
3165 {
3166 	bool errexit = false;
3167 	int i;
3168 	struct task_struct *tsp;
3169 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
3170 
3171 	// Allocate and initialize.
3172 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3173 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of test");
3174 
3175 	// Each pass through this loop does one read-exit episode.
3176 	do {
3177 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of episode");
3178 		for (i = 0; i < read_exit_burst; i++) {
3179 			if (READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
3180 				break;
3181 			stutter_wait("rcu_torture_read_exit");
3182 			// Spawn child.
3183 			tsp = kthread_run(rcu_torture_read_exit_child,
3184 					  &trs, "%s", "rcu_torture_read_exit_child");
3185 			if (IS_ERR(tsp)) {
3186 				TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3187 				errexit = true;
3188 				break;
3189 			}
3190 			cond_resched();
3191 			kthread_stop(tsp);
3192 			n_read_exits++;
3193 		}
3194 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: End of episode");
3195 		rcu_barrier(); // Wait for task_struct free, avoid OOM.
3196 		i = 0;
3197 		for (; !errexit && !READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop) && i < read_exit_delay; i++)
3198 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
3199 	} while (!errexit && !READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop));
3200 
3201 	// Clean up and exit.
3202 	smp_store_release(&read_exit_child_stopped, true); // After reaping.
3203 	smp_mb(); // Store before wakeup.
3204 	wake_up(&read_exit_wq);
3205 	while (!torture_must_stop())
3206 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
3207 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_read_exit");
3208 	return 0;
3209 }
3210 
3211 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_init(void)
3212 {
3213 	if (read_exit_burst <= 0)
3214 		return 0;
3215 	init_waitqueue_head(&read_exit_wq);
3216 	read_exit_child_stop = false;
3217 	read_exit_child_stopped = false;
3218 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_read_exit, NULL,
3219 				      read_exit_task);
3220 }
3221 
3222 static void rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup(void)
3223 {
3224 	if (!read_exit_task)
3225 		return;
3226 	WRITE_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop, true);
3227 	smp_mb(); // Above write before wait.
3228 	wait_event(read_exit_wq, smp_load_acquire(&read_exit_child_stopped));
3229 	torture_stop_kthread(rcutorture_read_exit, read_exit_task);
3230 }
3231 
3232 static enum cpuhp_state rcutor_hp;
3233 
3234 static void
3235 rcu_torture_cleanup(void)
3236 {
3237 	int firsttime;
3238 	int flags = 0;
3239 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
3240 	int i;
3241 
3242 	if (torture_cleanup_begin()) {
3243 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL) {
3244 			pr_info("%s: Invoking %pS().\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier);
3245 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3246 		}
3247 		rcu_gp_slow_unregister(NULL);
3248 		return;
3249 	}
3250 	if (!cur_ops) {
3251 		torture_cleanup_end();
3252 		rcu_gp_slow_unregister(NULL);
3253 		return;
3254 	}
3255 
3256 	if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
3257 		cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
3258 	rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup();
3259 	rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup();
3260 	rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cleanup();
3261 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, stall_task);
3262 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, writer_task);
3263 
3264 	if (nocb_tasks) {
3265 		for (i = 0; i < nrealnocbers; i++)
3266 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_nocb_toggle, nocb_tasks[i]);
3267 		kfree(nocb_tasks);
3268 		nocb_tasks = NULL;
3269 	}
3270 
3271 	if (reader_tasks) {
3272 		for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++)
3273 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_reader,
3274 					     reader_tasks[i]);
3275 		kfree(reader_tasks);
3276 		reader_tasks = NULL;
3277 	}
3278 	kfree(rcu_torture_reader_mbchk);
3279 	rcu_torture_reader_mbchk = NULL;
3280 
3281 	if (fakewriter_tasks) {
3282 		for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++)
3283 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
3284 					     fakewriter_tasks[i]);
3285 		kfree(fakewriter_tasks);
3286 		fakewriter_tasks = NULL;
3287 	}
3288 
3289 	rcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, &flags, &gp_seq);
3290 	srcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, srcu_ctlp, &flags, &gp_seq);
3291 	pr_alert("%s:  End-test grace-period state: g%ld f%#x total-gps=%ld\n",
3292 		 cur_ops->name, (long)gp_seq, flags,
3293 		 rcutorture_seq_diff(gp_seq, start_gp_seq));
3294 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, stats_task);
3295 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, fqs_task);
3296 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost() && rcutor_hp >= 0)
3297 		cpuhp_remove_state(rcutor_hp);
3298 
3299 	/*
3300 	 * Wait for all RCU callbacks to fire, then do torture-type-specific
3301 	 * cleanup operations.
3302 	 */
3303 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL) {
3304 		pr_info("%s: Invoking %pS().\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier);
3305 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3306 	}
3307 	if (cur_ops->cleanup != NULL)
3308 		cur_ops->cleanup();
3309 
3310 	rcu_torture_mem_dump_obj();
3311 
3312 	rcu_torture_stats_print();  /* -After- the stats thread is stopped! */
3313 
3314 	if (err_segs_recorded) {
3315 		pr_alert("Failure/close-call rcutorture reader segments:\n");
3316 		if (rt_read_nsegs == 0)
3317 			pr_alert("\t: No segments recorded!!!\n");
3318 		firsttime = 1;
3319 		for (i = 0; i < rt_read_nsegs; i++) {
3320 			pr_alert("\t%d: %#x ", i, err_segs[i].rt_readstate);
3321 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies != 0) {
3322 				pr_cont("%s%ldjiffies", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3323 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies);
3324 				firsttime = 0;
3325 			}
3326 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms != 0) {
3327 				pr_cont("%s%ldms", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3328 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms);
3329 				firsttime = 0;
3330 			}
3331 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_us != 0) {
3332 				pr_cont("%s%ldus", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3333 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_us);
3334 				firsttime = 0;
3335 			}
3336 			pr_cont("%s\n",
3337 				err_segs[i].rt_preempted ? "preempted" : "");
3338 
3339 		}
3340 	}
3341 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_error) || n_rcu_torture_barrier_error)
3342 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: FAILURE");
3343 	else if (torture_onoff_failures())
3344 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops,
3345 					       "End of test: RCU_HOTPLUG");
3346 	else
3347 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: SUCCESS");
3348 	torture_cleanup_end();
3349 	rcu_gp_slow_unregister(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
3350 }
3351 
3352 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD
3353 static void rcu_torture_leak_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
3354 {
3355 }
3356 
3357 static void rcu_torture_err_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
3358 {
3359 	/*
3360 	 * This -might- happen due to race conditions, but is unlikely.
3361 	 * The scenario that leads to this happening is that the
3362 	 * first of the pair of duplicate callbacks is queued,
3363 	 * someone else starts a grace period that includes that
3364 	 * callback, then the second of the pair must wait for the
3365 	 * next grace period.  Unlikely, but can happen.  If it
3366 	 * does happen, the debug-objects subsystem won't have splatted.
3367 	 */
3368 	pr_alert("%s: duplicated callback was invoked.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3369 }
3370 #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
3371 
3372 /*
3373  * Verify that double-free causes debug-objects to complain, but only
3374  * if CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=y.  Otherwise, say that the test
3375  * cannot be carried out.
3376  */
3377 static void rcu_test_debug_objects(void)
3378 {
3379 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD
3380 	struct rcu_head rh1;
3381 	struct rcu_head rh2;
3382 	struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
3383 
3384 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
3385 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
3386 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_rcu() test starting.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3387 
3388 	/* Try to queue the rh2 pair of callbacks for the same grace period. */
3389 	preempt_disable(); /* Prevent preemption from interrupting test. */
3390 	rcu_read_lock(); /* Make it impossible to finish a grace period. */
3391 	call_rcu(&rh1, rcu_torture_leak_cb); /* Start grace period. */
3392 	local_irq_disable(); /* Make it harder to start a new grace period. */
3393 	call_rcu(&rh2, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
3394 	call_rcu(&rh2, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Duplicate callback. */
3395 	if (rhp) {
3396 		call_rcu(rhp, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
3397 		call_rcu(rhp, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Another duplicate callback. */
3398 	}
3399 	local_irq_enable();
3400 	rcu_read_unlock();
3401 	preempt_enable();
3402 
3403 	/* Wait for them all to get done so we can safely return. */
3404 	rcu_barrier();
3405 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_rcu() test complete.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3406 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
3407 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
3408 	kfree(rhp);
3409 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
3410 	pr_alert("%s: !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, not testing duplicate call_rcu()\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3411 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
3412 }
3413 
3414 static void rcutorture_sync(void)
3415 {
3416 	static unsigned long n;
3417 
3418 	if (cur_ops->sync && !(++n & 0xfff))
3419 		cur_ops->sync();
3420 }
3421 
3422 static int __init
3423 rcu_torture_init(void)
3424 {
3425 	long i;
3426 	int cpu;
3427 	int firsterr = 0;
3428 	int flags = 0;
3429 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
3430 	static struct rcu_torture_ops *torture_ops[] = {
3431 		&rcu_ops, &rcu_busted_ops, &srcu_ops, &srcud_ops, &busted_srcud_ops,
3432 		TASKS_OPS TASKS_RUDE_OPS TASKS_TRACING_OPS
3433 		&trivial_ops,
3434 	};
3435 
3436 	if (!torture_init_begin(torture_type, verbose))
3437 		return -EBUSY;
3438 
3439 	/* Process args and tell the world that the torturer is on the job. */
3440 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++) {
3441 		cur_ops = torture_ops[i];
3442 		if (strcmp(torture_type, cur_ops->name) == 0)
3443 			break;
3444 	}
3445 	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops)) {
3446 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: invalid torture type: \"%s\"\n",
3447 			 torture_type);
3448 		pr_alert("rcu-torture types:");
3449 		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++)
3450 			pr_cont(" %s", torture_ops[i]->name);
3451 		pr_cont("\n");
3452 		firsterr = -EINVAL;
3453 		cur_ops = NULL;
3454 		goto unwind;
3455 	}
3456 	if (cur_ops->fqs == NULL && fqs_duration != 0) {
3457 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: ->fqs NULL and non-zero fqs_duration, fqs disabled.\n");
3458 		fqs_duration = 0;
3459 	}
3460 	if (cur_ops->init)
3461 		cur_ops->init();
3462 
3463 	if (nreaders >= 0) {
3464 		nrealreaders = nreaders;
3465 	} else {
3466 		nrealreaders = num_online_cpus() - 2 - nreaders;
3467 		if (nrealreaders <= 0)
3468 			nrealreaders = 1;
3469 	}
3470 	rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "Start of test");
3471 	rcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, &flags, &gp_seq);
3472 	srcutorture_get_gp_data(cur_ops->ttype, srcu_ctlp, &flags, &gp_seq);
3473 	start_gp_seq = gp_seq;
3474 	pr_alert("%s:  Start-test grace-period state: g%ld f%#x\n",
3475 		 cur_ops->name, (long)gp_seq, flags);
3476 
3477 	/* Set up the freelist. */
3478 
3479 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_freelist);
3480 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++) {
3481 		rcu_tortures[i].rtort_mbtest = 0;
3482 		list_add_tail(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free,
3483 			      &rcu_torture_freelist);
3484 	}
3485 
3486 	/* Initialize the statistics so that each run gets its own numbers. */
3487 
3488 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;
3489 	rcu_torture_current_version = 0;
3490 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc, 0);
3491 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail, 0);
3492 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_free, 0);
3493 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mberror, 0);
3494 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail, 0);
3495 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries, 0);
3496 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_error, 0);
3497 	n_rcu_torture_barrier_error = 0;
3498 	n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror = 0;
3499 	n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror = 0;
3500 	n_rcu_torture_boost_failure = 0;
3501 	n_rcu_torture_boosts = 0;
3502 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
3503 		atomic_set(&rcu_torture_wcount[i], 0);
3504 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
3505 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
3506 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i] = 0;
3507 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i] = 0;
3508 		}
3509 	}
3510 	err_segs_recorded = 0;
3511 	rt_read_nsegs = 0;
3512 
3513 	/* Start up the kthreads. */
3514 
3515 	rcu_torture_write_types();
3516 	firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, NULL,
3517 					  writer_task);
3518 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3519 		goto unwind;
3520 	if (nfakewriters > 0) {
3521 		fakewriter_tasks = kcalloc(nfakewriters,
3522 					   sizeof(fakewriter_tasks[0]),
3523 					   GFP_KERNEL);
3524 		if (fakewriter_tasks == NULL) {
3525 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3526 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3527 			goto unwind;
3528 		}
3529 	}
3530 	for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++) {
3531 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
3532 						  NULL, fakewriter_tasks[i]);
3533 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3534 			goto unwind;
3535 	}
3536 	reader_tasks = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(reader_tasks[0]),
3537 			       GFP_KERNEL);
3538 	rcu_torture_reader_mbchk = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(*rcu_torture_reader_mbchk),
3539 					   GFP_KERNEL);
3540 	if (!reader_tasks || !rcu_torture_reader_mbchk) {
3541 		TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3542 		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3543 		goto unwind;
3544 	}
3545 	for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
3546 		rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[i].rtc_chkrdr = -1;
3547 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_reader, (void *)i,
3548 						  reader_tasks[i]);
3549 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3550 			goto unwind;
3551 	}
3552 	nrealnocbers = nocbs_nthreads;
3553 	if (WARN_ON(nrealnocbers < 0))
3554 		nrealnocbers = 1;
3555 	if (WARN_ON(nocbs_toggle < 0))
3556 		nocbs_toggle = HZ;
3557 	if (nrealnocbers > 0) {
3558 		nocb_tasks = kcalloc(nrealnocbers, sizeof(nocb_tasks[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
3559 		if (nocb_tasks == NULL) {
3560 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3561 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3562 			goto unwind;
3563 		}
3564 	} else {
3565 		nocb_tasks = NULL;
3566 	}
3567 	for (i = 0; i < nrealnocbers; i++) {
3568 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_nocb_toggle, NULL, nocb_tasks[i]);
3569 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3570 			goto unwind;
3571 	}
3572 	if (stat_interval > 0) {
3573 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, NULL,
3574 						  stats_task);
3575 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3576 			goto unwind;
3577 	}
3578 	if (test_no_idle_hz && shuffle_interval > 0) {
3579 		firsterr = torture_shuffle_init(shuffle_interval * HZ);
3580 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3581 			goto unwind;
3582 	}
3583 	if (stutter < 0)
3584 		stutter = 0;
3585 	if (stutter) {
3586 		int t;
3587 
3588 		t = cur_ops->stall_dur ? cur_ops->stall_dur() : stutter * HZ;
3589 		firsterr = torture_stutter_init(stutter * HZ, t);
3590 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3591 			goto unwind;
3592 	}
3593 	if (fqs_duration < 0)
3594 		fqs_duration = 0;
3595 	if (fqs_duration) {
3596 		/* Create the fqs thread */
3597 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, NULL,
3598 						  fqs_task);
3599 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3600 			goto unwind;
3601 	}
3602 	if (test_boost_interval < 1)
3603 		test_boost_interval = 1;
3604 	if (test_boost_duration < 2)
3605 		test_boost_duration = 2;
3606 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost()) {
3607 
3608 		boost_starttime = jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ;
3609 
3610 		firsterr = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "RCU_TORTURE",
3611 					     rcutorture_booster_init,
3612 					     rcutorture_booster_cleanup);
3613 		rcutor_hp = firsterr;
3614 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3615 			goto unwind;
3616 	}
3617 	shutdown_jiffies = jiffies + shutdown_secs * HZ;
3618 	firsterr = torture_shutdown_init(shutdown_secs, rcu_torture_cleanup);
3619 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3620 		goto unwind;
3621 	firsterr = torture_onoff_init(onoff_holdoff * HZ, onoff_interval,
3622 				      rcutorture_sync);
3623 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3624 		goto unwind;
3625 	firsterr = rcu_torture_stall_init();
3626 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3627 		goto unwind;
3628 	firsterr = rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init();
3629 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3630 		goto unwind;
3631 	firsterr = rcu_torture_barrier_init();
3632 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3633 		goto unwind;
3634 	firsterr = rcu_torture_read_exit_init();
3635 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3636 		goto unwind;
3637 	if (object_debug)
3638 		rcu_test_debug_objects();
3639 	torture_init_end();
3640 	rcu_gp_slow_register(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
3641 	return 0;
3642 
3643 unwind:
3644 	torture_init_end();
3645 	rcu_torture_cleanup();
3646 	if (shutdown_secs) {
3647 		WARN_ON(!IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST));
3648 		kernel_power_off();
3649 	}
3650 	return firsterr;
3651 }
3652 
3653 module_init(rcu_torture_init);
3654 module_exit(rcu_torture_cleanup);
3655