xref: /linux/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c (revision 7f71507851fc7764b36a3221839607d3a45c2025)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * Read-Copy Update module-based torture test facility
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2005, 2006
6  *
7  * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  *	  Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
9  *
10  * See also:  Documentation/RCU/torture.rst
11  */
12 
13 #define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt
14 
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/module.h>
19 #include <linux/kthread.h>
20 #include <linux/err.h>
21 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
22 #include <linux/smp.h>
23 #include <linux/rcupdate_wait.h>
24 #include <linux/rcu_notifier.h>
25 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
26 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
27 #include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
28 #include <linux/atomic.h>
29 #include <linux/bitops.h>
30 #include <linux/completion.h>
31 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
32 #include <linux/percpu.h>
33 #include <linux/notifier.h>
34 #include <linux/reboot.h>
35 #include <linux/freezer.h>
36 #include <linux/cpu.h>
37 #include <linux/delay.h>
38 #include <linux/stat.h>
39 #include <linux/srcu.h>
40 #include <linux/slab.h>
41 #include <linux/trace_clock.h>
42 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
43 #include <linux/torture.h>
44 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
45 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
46 #include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
47 #include <linux/oom.h>
48 #include <linux/tick.h>
49 #include <linux/rcupdate_trace.h>
50 #include <linux/nmi.h>
51 
52 #include "rcu.h"
53 
54 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Read-Copy Update module-based torture test facility");
55 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
56 MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> and Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>");
57 
58 /* Bits for ->extendables field, extendables param, and related definitions. */
59 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1	 8	/* Put SRCU index in upper bits. */
60 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1	 (0xff << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1)
61 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2	 16	/* Put SRCU index in upper bits. */
62 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2	 (0xff << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2)
63 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH	 0x01	/* Extend readers by disabling bh. */
64 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ	 0x02	/*  ... disabling interrupts. */
65 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT	 0x04	/*  ... disabling preemption. */
66 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH	 0x08	/*  ... rcu_read_lock_bh(). */
67 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED	 0x10	/*  ... rcu_read_lock_sched(). */
68 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1	 0x20	/*  ... entering another RCU reader. */
69 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2	 0x40	/*  ... entering another RCU reader. */
70 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS	 7	/* Number of bits defined above. */
71 #define RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND	 \
72 	(RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ | RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | \
73 	 RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
74 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_ALLBITS	\
75 	(RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2 | \
76 	 RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2)
77 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS 0x7	/* Maximum reader extensions. */
78 					/* Must be power of two minus one. */
79 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS (RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS + 3)
80 
81 torture_param(int, extendables, RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
82 	      "Extend readers by disabling bh (1), irqs (2), or preempt (4)");
83 torture_param(int, fqs_duration, 0, "Duration of fqs bursts (us), 0 to disable");
84 torture_param(int, fqs_holdoff, 0, "Holdoff time within fqs bursts (us)");
85 torture_param(int, fqs_stutter, 3, "Wait time between fqs bursts (s)");
86 torture_param(int, fwd_progress, 1, "Number of grace-period forward progress tasks (0 to disable)");
87 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_div, 4, "Fraction of CPU stall to wait");
88 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_holdoff, 60, "Time between forward-progress tests (s)");
89 torture_param(bool, fwd_progress_need_resched, 1, "Hide cond_resched() behind need_resched()");
90 torture_param(bool, gp_cond, false, "Use conditional/async GP wait primitives");
91 torture_param(bool, gp_cond_exp, false, "Use conditional/async expedited GP wait primitives");
92 torture_param(bool, gp_cond_full, false, "Use conditional/async full-state GP wait primitives");
93 torture_param(bool, gp_cond_exp_full, false,
94 		    "Use conditional/async full-stateexpedited GP wait primitives");
95 torture_param(bool, gp_exp, false, "Use expedited GP wait primitives");
96 torture_param(bool, gp_normal, false, "Use normal (non-expedited) GP wait primitives");
97 torture_param(bool, gp_poll, false, "Use polling GP wait primitives");
98 torture_param(bool, gp_poll_exp, false, "Use polling expedited GP wait primitives");
99 torture_param(bool, gp_poll_full, false, "Use polling full-state GP wait primitives");
100 torture_param(bool, gp_poll_exp_full, false, "Use polling full-state expedited GP wait primitives");
101 torture_param(bool, gp_sync, false, "Use synchronous GP wait primitives");
102 torture_param(int, irqreader, 1, "Allow RCU readers from irq handlers");
103 torture_param(int, leakpointer, 0, "Leak pointer dereferences from readers");
104 torture_param(int, n_barrier_cbs, 0, "# of callbacks/kthreads for barrier testing");
105 torture_param(int, nfakewriters, 4, "Number of RCU fake writer threads");
106 torture_param(int, nreaders, -1, "Number of RCU reader threads");
107 torture_param(int, object_debug, 0, "Enable debug-object double call_rcu() testing");
108 torture_param(int, onoff_holdoff, 0, "Time after boot before CPU hotplugs (s)");
109 torture_param(int, onoff_interval, 0, "Time between CPU hotplugs (jiffies), 0=disable");
110 torture_param(int, nocbs_nthreads, 0, "Number of NOCB toggle threads, 0 to disable");
111 torture_param(int, nocbs_toggle, 1000, "Time between toggling nocb state (ms)");
112 torture_param(int, read_exit_delay, 13, "Delay between read-then-exit episodes (s)");
113 torture_param(int, read_exit_burst, 16, "# of read-then-exit bursts per episode, zero to disable");
114 torture_param(int, reader_flavor, 0x1, "Reader flavors to use, one per bit.");
115 torture_param(int, shuffle_interval, 3, "Number of seconds between shuffles");
116 torture_param(int, shutdown_secs, 0, "Shutdown time (s), <= zero to disable.");
117 torture_param(int, stall_cpu, 0, "Stall duration (s), zero to disable.");
118 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_holdoff, 10, "Time to wait before starting stall (s).");
119 torture_param(bool, stall_no_softlockup, false, "Avoid softlockup warning during cpu stall.");
120 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_irqsoff, 0, "Disable interrupts while stalling.");
121 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_block, 0, "Sleep while stalling.");
122 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_repeat, 0, "Number of additional stalls after the first one.");
123 torture_param(int, stall_gp_kthread, 0, "Grace-period kthread stall duration (s).");
124 torture_param(int, stat_interval, 60, "Number of seconds between stats printk()s");
125 torture_param(int, stutter, 5, "Number of seconds to run/halt test");
126 torture_param(int, test_boost, 1, "Test RCU prio boost: 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.");
127 torture_param(int, test_boost_duration, 4, "Duration of each boost test, seconds.");
128 torture_param(int, test_boost_interval, 7, "Interval between boost tests, seconds.");
129 torture_param(int, test_nmis, 0, "End-test NMI tests, 0 to disable.");
130 torture_param(bool, test_no_idle_hz, true, "Test support for tickless idle CPUs");
131 torture_param(int, test_srcu_lockdep, 0, "Test specified SRCU deadlock scenario.");
132 torture_param(int, verbose, 1, "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
133 
134 static char *torture_type = "rcu";
135 module_param(torture_type, charp, 0444);
136 MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_type, "Type of RCU to torture (rcu, srcu, ...)");
137 
138 static int nrealnocbers;
139 static int nrealreaders;
140 static struct task_struct *writer_task;
141 static struct task_struct **fakewriter_tasks;
142 static struct task_struct **reader_tasks;
143 static struct task_struct **nocb_tasks;
144 static struct task_struct *stats_task;
145 static struct task_struct *fqs_task;
146 static struct task_struct *boost_tasks[NR_CPUS];
147 static struct task_struct *stall_task;
148 static struct task_struct **fwd_prog_tasks;
149 static struct task_struct **barrier_cbs_tasks;
150 static struct task_struct *barrier_task;
151 static struct task_struct *read_exit_task;
152 
153 #define RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN 10
154 
155 // Mailbox-like structure to check RCU global memory ordering.
156 struct rcu_torture_reader_check {
157 	unsigned long rtc_myloops;
158 	int rtc_chkrdr;
159 	unsigned long rtc_chkloops;
160 	int rtc_ready;
161 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtc_assigner;
162 } ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
163 
164 // Update-side data structure used to check RCU readers.
165 struct rcu_torture {
166 	struct rcu_head rtort_rcu;
167 	int rtort_pipe_count;
168 	struct list_head rtort_free;
169 	int rtort_mbtest;
170 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtort_chkp;
171 };
172 
173 static LIST_HEAD(rcu_torture_freelist);
174 static struct rcu_torture __rcu *rcu_torture_current;
175 static unsigned long rcu_torture_current_version;
176 static struct rcu_torture rcu_tortures[10 * RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN];
177 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rcu_torture_lock);
178 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_count);
179 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_batch);
180 static atomic_t rcu_torture_wcount[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1];
181 static struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rcu_torture_reader_mbchk;
182 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc;
183 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail;
184 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_free;
185 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mberror;
186 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail;
187 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries;
188 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_error;
189 static long n_rcu_torture_barrier_error;
190 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror;
191 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_failure;
192 static long n_rcu_torture_boosts;
193 static atomic_long_t n_rcu_torture_timers;
194 static long n_barrier_attempts;
195 static long n_barrier_successes; /* did rcu_barrier test succeed? */
196 static unsigned long n_read_exits;
197 static struct list_head rcu_torture_removed;
198 static unsigned long shutdown_jiffies;
199 static unsigned long start_gp_seq;
200 static atomic_long_t n_nocb_offload;
201 static atomic_long_t n_nocb_deoffload;
202 
203 static int rcu_torture_writer_state;
204 #define RTWS_FIXED_DELAY	0
205 #define RTWS_DELAY		1
206 #define RTWS_REPLACE		2
207 #define RTWS_DEF_FREE		3
208 #define RTWS_EXP_SYNC		4
209 #define RTWS_COND_GET		5
210 #define RTWS_COND_GET_FULL	6
211 #define RTWS_COND_GET_EXP	7
212 #define RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL	8
213 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC		9
214 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC_FULL	10
215 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP	11
216 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP_FULL	12
217 #define RTWS_POLL_GET		13
218 #define RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL	14
219 #define RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP	15
220 #define RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL	16
221 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT		17
222 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL	18
223 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP	19
224 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP_FULL	20
225 #define RTWS_SYNC		21
226 #define RTWS_STUTTER		22
227 #define RTWS_STOPPING		23
228 static const char * const rcu_torture_writer_state_names[] = {
229 	"RTWS_FIXED_DELAY",
230 	"RTWS_DELAY",
231 	"RTWS_REPLACE",
232 	"RTWS_DEF_FREE",
233 	"RTWS_EXP_SYNC",
234 	"RTWS_COND_GET",
235 	"RTWS_COND_GET_FULL",
236 	"RTWS_COND_GET_EXP",
237 	"RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL",
238 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC",
239 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC_FULL",
240 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP",
241 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP_FULL",
242 	"RTWS_POLL_GET",
243 	"RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL",
244 	"RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP",
245 	"RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL",
246 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT",
247 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL",
248 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP",
249 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP_FULL",
250 	"RTWS_SYNC",
251 	"RTWS_STUTTER",
252 	"RTWS_STOPPING",
253 };
254 
255 /* Record reader segment types and duration for first failing read. */
256 struct rt_read_seg {
257 	int rt_readstate;
258 	unsigned long rt_delay_jiffies;
259 	unsigned long rt_delay_ms;
260 	unsigned long rt_delay_us;
261 	bool rt_preempted;
262 };
263 static int err_segs_recorded;
264 static struct rt_read_seg err_segs[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS];
265 static int rt_read_nsegs;
266 
267 static const char *rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(void)
268 {
269 	unsigned int i = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_writer_state);
270 
271 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_torture_writer_state_names))
272 		return "???";
273 	return rcu_torture_writer_state_names[i];
274 }
275 
276 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE
277 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
278 {
279 	u64 ts = trace_clock_local();
280 
281 	(void)do_div(ts, NSEC_PER_USEC);
282 	return ts;
283 }
284 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
285 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
286 {
287 	return 0ULL;
288 }
289 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
290 
291 /*
292  * Stop aggressive CPU-hog tests a bit before the end of the test in order
293  * to avoid interfering with test shutdown.
294  */
295 static bool shutdown_time_arrived(void)
296 {
297 	return shutdown_secs && time_after(jiffies, shutdown_jiffies - 30 * HZ);
298 }
299 
300 static unsigned long boost_starttime;	/* jiffies of next boost test start. */
301 static DEFINE_MUTEX(boost_mutex);	/* protect setting boost_starttime */
302 					/*  and boost task create/destroy. */
303 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_count;	/* Barrier callbacks registered. */
304 static bool barrier_phase;		/* Test phase. */
305 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_invoked;	/* Barrier callbacks invoked. */
306 static wait_queue_head_t *barrier_cbs_wq; /* Coordinate barrier testing. */
307 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(barrier_wq);
308 
309 static atomic_t rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay;	/* Short rcu_torture_delay() delays. */
310 
311 /*
312  * Allocate an element from the rcu_tortures pool.
313  */
314 static struct rcu_torture *
315 rcu_torture_alloc(void)
316 {
317 	struct list_head *p;
318 
319 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
320 	if (list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist)) {
321 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail);
322 		spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
323 		return NULL;
324 	}
325 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc);
326 	p = rcu_torture_freelist.next;
327 	list_del_init(p);
328 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
329 	return container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_free);
330 }
331 
332 /*
333  * Free an element to the rcu_tortures pool.
334  */
335 static void
336 rcu_torture_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
337 {
338 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_free);
339 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
340 	list_add_tail(&p->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_freelist);
341 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
342 }
343 
344 /*
345  * Operations vector for selecting different types of tests.
346  */
347 
348 struct rcu_torture_ops {
349 	int ttype;
350 	void (*init)(void);
351 	void (*cleanup)(void);
352 	int (*readlock)(void);
353 	void (*read_delay)(struct torture_random_state *rrsp,
354 			   struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp);
355 	void (*readunlock)(int idx);
356 	int (*readlock_held)(void);
357 	unsigned long (*get_gp_seq)(void);
358 	unsigned long (*gp_diff)(unsigned long new, unsigned long old);
359 	void (*deferred_free)(struct rcu_torture *p);
360 	void (*sync)(void);
361 	void (*exp_sync)(void);
362 	unsigned long (*get_gp_state_exp)(void);
363 	unsigned long (*start_gp_poll_exp)(void);
364 	void (*start_gp_poll_exp_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
365 	bool (*poll_gp_state_exp)(unsigned long oldstate);
366 	void (*cond_sync_exp)(unsigned long oldstate);
367 	void (*cond_sync_exp_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
368 	unsigned long (*get_comp_state)(void);
369 	void (*get_comp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
370 	bool (*same_gp_state)(unsigned long oldstate1, unsigned long oldstate2);
371 	bool (*same_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp1, struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp2);
372 	unsigned long (*get_gp_state)(void);
373 	void (*get_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
374 	unsigned long (*start_gp_poll)(void);
375 	void (*start_gp_poll_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
376 	bool (*poll_gp_state)(unsigned long oldstate);
377 	bool (*poll_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
378 	bool (*poll_need_2gp)(bool poll, bool poll_full);
379 	void (*cond_sync)(unsigned long oldstate);
380 	void (*cond_sync_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
381 	int poll_active;
382 	int poll_active_full;
383 	call_rcu_func_t call;
384 	void (*cb_barrier)(void);
385 	void (*fqs)(void);
386 	void (*stats)(void);
387 	void (*gp_kthread_dbg)(void);
388 	bool (*check_boost_failed)(unsigned long gp_state, int *cpup);
389 	int (*stall_dur)(void);
390 	void (*get_gp_data)(int *flags, unsigned long *gp_seq);
391 	void (*gp_slow_register)(atomic_t *rgssp);
392 	void (*gp_slow_unregister)(atomic_t *rgssp);
393 	long cbflood_max;
394 	int irq_capable;
395 	int can_boost;
396 	int extendables;
397 	int slow_gps;
398 	int no_pi_lock;
399 	int debug_objects;
400 	int start_poll_irqsoff;
401 	const char *name;
402 };
403 
404 static struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops;
405 
406 /*
407  * Definitions for rcu torture testing.
408  */
409 
410 static int torture_readlock_not_held(void)
411 {
412 	return rcu_read_lock_bh_held() || rcu_read_lock_sched_held();
413 }
414 
415 static int rcu_torture_read_lock(void)
416 {
417 	rcu_read_lock();
418 	return 0;
419 }
420 
421 static void
422 rcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
423 {
424 	unsigned long started;
425 	unsigned long completed;
426 	const unsigned long shortdelay_us = 200;
427 	unsigned long longdelay_ms = 300;
428 	unsigned long long ts;
429 
430 	/* We want a short delay sometimes to make a reader delay the grace
431 	 * period, and we want a long delay occasionally to trigger
432 	 * force_quiescent_state. */
433 
434 	if (!atomic_read(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
435 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2000 * longdelay_ms))) {
436 		started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
437 		ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
438 		if (preempt_count() & (SOFTIRQ_MASK | HARDIRQ_MASK))
439 			longdelay_ms = 5; /* Avoid triggering BH limits. */
440 		mdelay(longdelay_ms);
441 		rtrsp->rt_delay_ms = longdelay_ms;
442 		completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
443 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, NULL, ts,
444 					  started, completed);
445 	}
446 	if (!(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2 * shortdelay_us))) {
447 		udelay(shortdelay_us);
448 		rtrsp->rt_delay_us = shortdelay_us;
449 	}
450 	if (!preempt_count() &&
451 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 500))) {
452 		torture_preempt_schedule();  /* QS only if preemptible. */
453 		rtrsp->rt_preempted = true;
454 	}
455 }
456 
457 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
458 {
459 	rcu_read_unlock();
460 }
461 
462 /*
463  * Update callback in the pipe.  This should be invoked after a grace period.
464  */
465 static bool
466 rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(struct rcu_torture *rp)
467 {
468 	int i;
469 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp = READ_ONCE(rp->rtort_chkp);
470 
471 	if (rtrcp) {
472 		WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_chkp, NULL);
473 		smp_store_release(&rtrcp->rtc_ready, 1); // Pair with smp_load_acquire().
474 	}
475 	i = rp->rtort_pipe_count;
476 	if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
477 		i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
478 	atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
479 	WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_pipe_count, i + 1);
480 	ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(rp->rtort_pipe_count);
481 	if (i + 1 >= RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
482 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 0;
483 		return true;
484 	}
485 	return false;
486 }
487 
488 /*
489  * Update all callbacks in the pipe.  Suitable for synchronous grace-period
490  * primitives.
491  */
492 static void
493 rcu_torture_pipe_update(struct rcu_torture *old_rp)
494 {
495 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
496 	struct rcu_torture *rp1;
497 
498 	if (old_rp)
499 		list_add(&old_rp->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_removed);
500 	list_for_each_entry_safe(rp, rp1, &rcu_torture_removed, rtort_free) {
501 		if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp)) {
502 			list_del(&rp->rtort_free);
503 			rcu_torture_free(rp);
504 		}
505 	}
506 }
507 
508 static void
509 rcu_torture_cb(struct rcu_head *p)
510 {
511 	struct rcu_torture *rp = container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_rcu);
512 
513 	if (torture_must_stop_irq()) {
514 		/* Test is ending, just drop callbacks on the floor. */
515 		/* The next initialization will pick up the pieces. */
516 		return;
517 	}
518 	if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp))
519 		rcu_torture_free(rp);
520 	else
521 		cur_ops->deferred_free(rp);
522 }
523 
524 static unsigned long rcu_no_completed(void)
525 {
526 	return 0;
527 }
528 
529 static void rcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
530 {
531 	call_rcu_hurry(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
532 }
533 
534 static void rcu_sync_torture_init(void)
535 {
536 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_removed);
537 }
538 
539 static bool rcu_poll_need_2gp(bool poll, bool poll_full)
540 {
541 	return poll;
542 }
543 
544 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_ops = {
545 	.ttype			= RCU_FLAVOR,
546 	.init			= rcu_sync_torture_init,
547 	.readlock		= rcu_torture_read_lock,
548 	.read_delay		= rcu_read_delay,
549 	.readunlock		= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
550 	.readlock_held		= torture_readlock_not_held,
551 	.get_gp_seq		= rcu_get_gp_seq,
552 	.gp_diff		= rcu_seq_diff,
553 	.deferred_free		= rcu_torture_deferred_free,
554 	.sync			= synchronize_rcu,
555 	.exp_sync		= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
556 	.same_gp_state		= same_state_synchronize_rcu,
557 	.same_gp_state_full	= same_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
558 	.get_comp_state		= get_completed_synchronize_rcu,
559 	.get_comp_state_full	= get_completed_synchronize_rcu_full,
560 	.get_gp_state		= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
561 	.get_gp_state_full	= get_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
562 	.start_gp_poll		= start_poll_synchronize_rcu,
563 	.start_gp_poll_full	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_full,
564 	.poll_gp_state		= poll_state_synchronize_rcu,
565 	.poll_gp_state_full	= poll_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
566 	.poll_need_2gp		= rcu_poll_need_2gp,
567 	.cond_sync		= cond_synchronize_rcu,
568 	.cond_sync_full		= cond_synchronize_rcu_full,
569 	.poll_active		= NUM_ACTIVE_RCU_POLL_OLDSTATE,
570 	.poll_active_full	= NUM_ACTIVE_RCU_POLL_FULL_OLDSTATE,
571 	.get_gp_state_exp	= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
572 	.start_gp_poll_exp	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited,
573 	.start_gp_poll_exp_full	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited_full,
574 	.poll_gp_state_exp	= poll_state_synchronize_rcu,
575 	.cond_sync_exp		= cond_synchronize_rcu_expedited,
576 	.call			= call_rcu_hurry,
577 	.cb_barrier		= rcu_barrier,
578 	.fqs			= rcu_force_quiescent_state,
579 	.gp_kthread_dbg		= show_rcu_gp_kthreads,
580 	.check_boost_failed	= rcu_check_boost_fail,
581 	.stall_dur		= rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check,
582 	.get_gp_data		= rcutorture_get_gp_data,
583 	.gp_slow_register	= rcu_gp_slow_register,
584 	.gp_slow_unregister	= rcu_gp_slow_unregister,
585 	.irq_capable		= 1,
586 	.can_boost		= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST),
587 	.extendables		= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
588 	.debug_objects		= 1,
589 	.start_poll_irqsoff	= 1,
590 	.name			= "rcu"
591 };
592 
593 /*
594  * Don't even think about trying any of these in real life!!!
595  * The names includes "busted", and they really means it!
596  * The only purpose of these functions is to provide a buggy RCU
597  * implementation to make sure that rcutorture correctly emits
598  * buggy-RCU error messages.
599  */
600 static void rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
601 {
602 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
603 	rcu_torture_cb(&p->rtort_rcu);
604 }
605 
606 static void synchronize_rcu_busted(void)
607 {
608 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
609 }
610 
611 static void
612 call_rcu_busted(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
613 {
614 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
615 	func(head);
616 }
617 
618 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_busted_ops = {
619 	.ttype		= INVALID_RCU_FLAVOR,
620 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
621 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock,
622 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
623 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
624 	.readlock_held	= torture_readlock_not_held,
625 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
626 	.deferred_free	= rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free,
627 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_busted,
628 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_busted,
629 	.call		= call_rcu_busted,
630 	.irq_capable	= 1,
631 	.name		= "busted"
632 };
633 
634 /*
635  * Definitions for srcu torture testing.
636  */
637 
638 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu_ctl);
639 static struct srcu_struct srcu_ctld;
640 static struct srcu_struct *srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl;
641 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcud_ops;
642 
643 static void srcu_get_gp_data(int *flags, unsigned long *gp_seq)
644 {
645 	srcutorture_get_gp_data(srcu_ctlp, flags, gp_seq);
646 }
647 
648 static int srcu_torture_read_lock(void)
649 {
650 	int idx;
651 	int ret = 0;
652 
653 	if ((reader_flavor & 0x1) || !(reader_flavor & 0x7)) {
654 		idx = srcu_read_lock(srcu_ctlp);
655 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idx & ~0x1);
656 		ret += idx;
657 	}
658 	if (reader_flavor & 0x2) {
659 		idx = srcu_read_lock_nmisafe(srcu_ctlp);
660 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idx & ~0x1);
661 		ret += idx << 1;
662 	}
663 	if (reader_flavor & 0x4) {
664 		idx = srcu_read_lock_lite(srcu_ctlp);
665 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idx & ~0x1);
666 		ret += idx << 2;
667 	}
668 	return ret;
669 }
670 
671 static void
672 srcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
673 {
674 	long delay;
675 	const long uspertick = 1000000 / HZ;
676 	const long longdelay = 10;
677 
678 	/* We want there to be long-running readers, but not all the time. */
679 
680 	delay = torture_random(rrsp) %
681 		(nrealreaders * 2 * longdelay * uspertick);
682 	if (!delay && in_task()) {
683 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(longdelay);
684 		rtrsp->rt_delay_jiffies = longdelay;
685 	} else {
686 		rcu_read_delay(rrsp, rtrsp);
687 	}
688 }
689 
690 static void srcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
691 {
692 	WARN_ON_ONCE((reader_flavor && (idx & ~reader_flavor)) || (!reader_flavor && (idx & ~0x1)));
693 	if (reader_flavor & 0x4)
694 		srcu_read_unlock_lite(srcu_ctlp, (idx & 0x4) >> 2);
695 	if (reader_flavor & 0x2)
696 		srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe(srcu_ctlp, (idx & 0x2) >> 1);
697 	if ((reader_flavor & 0x1) || !(reader_flavor & 0x7))
698 		srcu_read_unlock(srcu_ctlp, idx & 0x1);
699 }
700 
701 static int torture_srcu_read_lock_held(void)
702 {
703 	return srcu_read_lock_held(srcu_ctlp);
704 }
705 
706 static unsigned long srcu_torture_completed(void)
707 {
708 	return srcu_batches_completed(srcu_ctlp);
709 }
710 
711 static void srcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *rp)
712 {
713 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, &rp->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
714 }
715 
716 static void srcu_torture_synchronize(void)
717 {
718 	synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
719 }
720 
721 static unsigned long srcu_torture_get_gp_state(void)
722 {
723 	return get_state_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
724 }
725 
726 static unsigned long srcu_torture_start_gp_poll(void)
727 {
728 	return start_poll_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
729 }
730 
731 static bool srcu_torture_poll_gp_state(unsigned long oldstate)
732 {
733 	return poll_state_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp, oldstate);
734 }
735 
736 static void srcu_torture_call(struct rcu_head *head,
737 			      rcu_callback_t func)
738 {
739 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, head, func);
740 }
741 
742 static void srcu_torture_barrier(void)
743 {
744 	srcu_barrier(srcu_ctlp);
745 }
746 
747 static void srcu_torture_stats(void)
748 {
749 	srcu_torture_stats_print(srcu_ctlp, torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
750 }
751 
752 static void srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited(void)
753 {
754 	synchronize_srcu_expedited(srcu_ctlp);
755 }
756 
757 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcu_ops = {
758 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
759 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
760 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
761 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
762 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
763 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
764 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
765 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
766 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
767 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
768 	.same_gp_state	= same_state_synchronize_srcu,
769 	.get_comp_state = get_completed_synchronize_srcu,
770 	.get_gp_state	= srcu_torture_get_gp_state,
771 	.start_gp_poll	= srcu_torture_start_gp_poll,
772 	.poll_gp_state	= srcu_torture_poll_gp_state,
773 	.poll_active	= NUM_ACTIVE_SRCU_POLL_OLDSTATE,
774 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
775 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
776 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
777 	.get_gp_data	= srcu_get_gp_data,
778 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
779 	.irq_capable	= 1,
780 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
781 	.debug_objects	= 1,
782 	.name		= "srcu"
783 };
784 
785 static void srcu_torture_init(void)
786 {
787 	rcu_sync_torture_init();
788 	WARN_ON(init_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld));
789 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctld;
790 }
791 
792 static void srcu_torture_cleanup(void)
793 {
794 	cleanup_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld);
795 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl; /* In case of a later rcutorture run. */
796 }
797 
798 /* As above, but dynamically allocated. */
799 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcud_ops = {
800 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
801 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
802 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
803 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
804 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
805 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
806 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
807 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
808 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
809 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
810 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
811 	.same_gp_state	= same_state_synchronize_srcu,
812 	.get_comp_state = get_completed_synchronize_srcu,
813 	.get_gp_state	= srcu_torture_get_gp_state,
814 	.start_gp_poll	= srcu_torture_start_gp_poll,
815 	.poll_gp_state	= srcu_torture_poll_gp_state,
816 	.poll_active	= NUM_ACTIVE_SRCU_POLL_OLDSTATE,
817 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
818 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
819 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
820 	.get_gp_data	= srcu_get_gp_data,
821 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
822 	.irq_capable	= 1,
823 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
824 	.debug_objects	= 1,
825 	.name		= "srcud"
826 };
827 
828 /* As above, but broken due to inappropriate reader extension. */
829 static struct rcu_torture_ops busted_srcud_ops = {
830 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
831 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
832 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
833 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
834 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,
835 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
836 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
837 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
838 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
839 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
840 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
841 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
842 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
843 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
844 	.irq_capable	= 1,
845 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
846 	.extendables	= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
847 	.name		= "busted_srcud"
848 };
849 
850 /*
851  * Definitions for trivial CONFIG_PREEMPT=n-only torture testing.
852  * This implementation does not necessarily work well with CPU hotplug.
853  */
854 
855 static void synchronize_rcu_trivial(void)
856 {
857 	int cpu;
858 
859 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
860 		torture_sched_setaffinity(current->pid, cpumask_of(cpu));
861 		WARN_ON_ONCE(raw_smp_processor_id() != cpu);
862 	}
863 }
864 
865 static int rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial(void)
866 {
867 	preempt_disable();
868 	return 0;
869 }
870 
871 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial(int idx)
872 {
873 	preempt_enable();
874 }
875 
876 static struct rcu_torture_ops trivial_ops = {
877 	.ttype		= RCU_TRIVIAL_FLAVOR,
878 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
879 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
880 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
881 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
882 	.readlock_held	= torture_readlock_not_held,
883 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
884 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
885 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
886 	.irq_capable	= 1,
887 	.name		= "trivial"
888 };
889 
890 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
891 
892 /*
893  * Definitions for RCU-tasks torture testing.
894  */
895 
896 static int tasks_torture_read_lock(void)
897 {
898 	return 0;
899 }
900 
901 static void tasks_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
902 {
903 }
904 
905 static void rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
906 {
907 	call_rcu_tasks(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
908 }
909 
910 static void synchronize_rcu_mult_test(void)
911 {
912 	synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu_tasks, call_rcu_hurry);
913 }
914 
915 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_ops = {
916 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_FLAVOR,
917 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
918 	.readlock	= tasks_torture_read_lock,
919 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
920 	.readunlock	= tasks_torture_read_unlock,
921 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
922 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free,
923 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks,
924 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_mult_test,
925 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks,
926 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks,
927 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_classic_gp_kthread,
928 	.get_gp_data	= rcu_tasks_get_gp_data,
929 	.irq_capable	= 1,
930 	.slow_gps	= 1,
931 	.name		= "tasks"
932 };
933 
934 #define TASKS_OPS &tasks_ops,
935 
936 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
937 
938 #define TASKS_OPS
939 
940 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
941 
942 
943 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
944 
945 /*
946  * Definitions for rude RCU-tasks torture testing.
947  */
948 
949 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_rude_ops = {
950 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_RUDE_FLAVOR,
951 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
952 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
953 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
954 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
955 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
956 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
957 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
958 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_rude_gp_kthread,
959 	.get_gp_data	= rcu_tasks_rude_get_gp_data,
960 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
961 	.irq_capable	= 1,
962 	.name		= "tasks-rude"
963 };
964 
965 #define TASKS_RUDE_OPS &tasks_rude_ops,
966 
967 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
968 
969 #define TASKS_RUDE_OPS
970 
971 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
972 
973 
974 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
975 
976 /*
977  * Definitions for tracing RCU-tasks torture testing.
978  */
979 
980 static int tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock(void)
981 {
982 	rcu_read_lock_trace();
983 	return 0;
984 }
985 
986 static void tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
987 {
988 	rcu_read_unlock_trace();
989 }
990 
991 static void rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
992 {
993 	call_rcu_tasks_trace(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
994 }
995 
996 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_tracing_ops = {
997 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_TRACING_FLAVOR,
998 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
999 	.readlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock,
1000 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse srcu's version. */
1001 	.readunlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock,
1002 	.readlock_held	= rcu_read_lock_trace_held,
1003 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
1004 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free,
1005 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
1006 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
1007 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks_trace,
1008 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks_trace,
1009 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_trace_gp_kthread,
1010 	.get_gp_data    = rcu_tasks_trace_get_gp_data,
1011 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
1012 	.irq_capable	= 1,
1013 	.slow_gps	= 1,
1014 	.name		= "tasks-tracing"
1015 };
1016 
1017 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS &tasks_tracing_ops,
1018 
1019 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
1020 
1021 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS
1022 
1023 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
1024 
1025 
1026 static unsigned long rcutorture_seq_diff(unsigned long new, unsigned long old)
1027 {
1028 	if (!cur_ops->gp_diff)
1029 		return new - old;
1030 	return cur_ops->gp_diff(new, old);
1031 }
1032 
1033 /*
1034  * RCU torture priority-boost testing.  Runs one real-time thread per
1035  * CPU for moderate bursts, repeatedly starting grace periods and waiting
1036  * for them to complete.  If a given grace period takes too long, we assume
1037  * that priority inversion has occurred.
1038  */
1039 
1040 static int old_rt_runtime = -1;
1041 
1042 static void rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle(void)
1043 {
1044 	/*
1045 	 * Disable RT throttling so that rcutorture's boost threads don't get
1046 	 * throttled. Only possible if rcutorture is built-in otherwise the
1047 	 * user should manually do this by setting the sched_rt_period_us and
1048 	 * sched_rt_runtime sysctls.
1049 	 */
1050 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime != -1)
1051 		return;
1052 
1053 	old_rt_runtime = sysctl_sched_rt_runtime;
1054 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = -1;
1055 }
1056 
1057 static void rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle(void)
1058 {
1059 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime == -1)
1060 		return;
1061 
1062 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = old_rt_runtime;
1063 	old_rt_runtime = -1;
1064 }
1065 
1066 static bool rcu_torture_boost_failed(unsigned long gp_state, unsigned long *start)
1067 {
1068 	int cpu;
1069 	static int dbg_done;
1070 	unsigned long end = jiffies;
1071 	bool gp_done;
1072 	unsigned long j;
1073 	static unsigned long last_persist;
1074 	unsigned long lp;
1075 	unsigned long mininterval = test_boost_duration * HZ - HZ / 2;
1076 
1077 	if (end - *start > mininterval) {
1078 		// Recheck after checking time to avoid false positives.
1079 		smp_mb(); // Time check before grace-period check.
1080 		if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1081 			return false; // passed, though perhaps just barely
1082 		if (cur_ops->check_boost_failed && !cur_ops->check_boost_failed(gp_state, &cpu)) {
1083 			// At most one persisted message per boost test.
1084 			j = jiffies;
1085 			lp = READ_ONCE(last_persist);
1086 			if (time_after(j, lp + mininterval) &&
1087 			    cmpxchg(&last_persist, lp, j) == lp) {
1088 				if (cpu < 0)
1089 					pr_info("Boost inversion persisted: QS from all CPUs\n");
1090 				else
1091 					pr_info("Boost inversion persisted: No QS from CPU %d\n", cpu);
1092 			}
1093 			return false; // passed on a technicality
1094 		}
1095 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost boosting failed");
1096 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure++;
1097 		if (!xchg(&dbg_done, 1) && cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg) {
1098 			pr_info("Boost inversion thread ->rt_priority %u gp_state %lu jiffies %lu\n",
1099 				current->rt_priority, gp_state, end - *start);
1100 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
1101 			// Recheck after print to flag grace period ending during splat.
1102 			gp_done = cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state);
1103 			pr_info("Boost inversion: GP %lu %s.\n", gp_state,
1104 				gp_done ? "ended already" : "still pending");
1105 
1106 		}
1107 
1108 		return true; // failed
1109 	} else if (cur_ops->check_boost_failed && !cur_ops->check_boost_failed(gp_state, NULL)) {
1110 		*start = jiffies;
1111 	}
1112 
1113 	return false; // passed
1114 }
1115 
1116 static int rcu_torture_boost(void *arg)
1117 {
1118 	unsigned long endtime;
1119 	unsigned long gp_state;
1120 	unsigned long gp_state_time;
1121 	unsigned long oldstarttime;
1122 
1123 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost started");
1124 
1125 	/* Set real-time priority. */
1126 	sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1127 
1128 	/* Each pass through the following loop does one boost-test cycle. */
1129 	do {
1130 		bool failed = false; // Test failed already in this test interval
1131 		bool gp_initiated = false;
1132 
1133 		if (kthread_should_stop())
1134 			goto checkwait;
1135 
1136 		/* Wait for the next test interval. */
1137 		oldstarttime = READ_ONCE(boost_starttime);
1138 		while (time_before(jiffies, oldstarttime)) {
1139 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(oldstarttime - jiffies);
1140 			if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost"))
1141 				sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1142 			if (torture_must_stop())
1143 				goto checkwait;
1144 		}
1145 
1146 		// Do one boost-test interval.
1147 		endtime = oldstarttime + test_boost_duration * HZ;
1148 		while (time_before(jiffies, endtime)) {
1149 			// Has current GP gone too long?
1150 			if (gp_initiated && !failed && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1151 				failed = rcu_torture_boost_failed(gp_state, &gp_state_time);
1152 			// If we don't have a grace period in flight, start one.
1153 			if (!gp_initiated || cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state)) {
1154 				gp_state = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1155 				gp_initiated = true;
1156 				gp_state_time = jiffies;
1157 			}
1158 			if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost")) {
1159 				sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1160 				// If the grace period already ended,
1161 				// we don't know when that happened, so
1162 				// start over.
1163 				if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1164 					gp_initiated = false;
1165 			}
1166 			if (torture_must_stop())
1167 				goto checkwait;
1168 		}
1169 
1170 		// In case the grace period extended beyond the end of the loop.
1171 		if (gp_initiated && !failed && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1172 			rcu_torture_boost_failed(gp_state, &gp_state_time);
1173 
1174 		/*
1175 		 * Set the start time of the next test interval.
1176 		 * Yes, this is vulnerable to long delays, but such
1177 		 * delays simply cause a false negative for the next
1178 		 * interval.  Besides, we are running at RT priority,
1179 		 * so delays should be relatively rare.
1180 		 */
1181 		while (oldstarttime == READ_ONCE(boost_starttime) && !kthread_should_stop()) {
1182 			if (mutex_trylock(&boost_mutex)) {
1183 				if (oldstarttime == boost_starttime) {
1184 					WRITE_ONCE(boost_starttime,
1185 						   jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ);
1186 					n_rcu_torture_boosts++;
1187 				}
1188 				mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
1189 				break;
1190 			}
1191 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 20);
1192 		}
1193 
1194 		/* Go do the stutter. */
1195 checkwait:	if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost"))
1196 			sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1197 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1198 
1199 	/* Clean up and exit. */
1200 	while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
1201 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_boost");
1202 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 20);
1203 	}
1204 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_boost");
1205 	return 0;
1206 }
1207 
1208 /*
1209  * RCU torture force-quiescent-state kthread.  Repeatedly induces
1210  * bursts of calls to force_quiescent_state(), increasing the probability
1211  * of occurrence of some important types of race conditions.
1212  */
1213 static int
1214 rcu_torture_fqs(void *arg)
1215 {
1216 	unsigned long fqs_resume_time;
1217 	int fqs_burst_remaining;
1218 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1219 
1220 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fqs task started");
1221 	do {
1222 		fqs_resume_time = jiffies + fqs_stutter * HZ;
1223 		while (time_before(jiffies, fqs_resume_time) &&
1224 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1225 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 20);
1226 		}
1227 		fqs_burst_remaining = fqs_duration;
1228 		while (fqs_burst_remaining > 0 &&
1229 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1230 			cur_ops->fqs();
1231 			udelay(fqs_holdoff);
1232 			fqs_burst_remaining -= fqs_holdoff;
1233 		}
1234 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fqs"))
1235 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1236 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1237 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fqs");
1238 	return 0;
1239 }
1240 
1241 // Used by writers to randomly choose from the available grace-period primitives.
1242 static int synctype[ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_torture_writer_state_names)] = { };
1243 static int nsynctypes;
1244 
1245 /*
1246  * Determine which grace-period primitives are available.
1247  */
1248 static void rcu_torture_write_types(void)
1249 {
1250 	bool gp_cond1 = gp_cond, gp_cond_exp1 = gp_cond_exp, gp_cond_full1 = gp_cond_full;
1251 	bool gp_cond_exp_full1 = gp_cond_exp_full, gp_exp1 = gp_exp, gp_poll_exp1 = gp_poll_exp;
1252 	bool gp_poll_exp_full1 = gp_poll_exp_full, gp_normal1 = gp_normal, gp_poll1 = gp_poll;
1253 	bool gp_poll_full1 = gp_poll_full, gp_sync1 = gp_sync;
1254 
1255 	/* Initialize synctype[] array.  If none set, take default. */
1256 	if (!gp_cond1 &&
1257 	    !gp_cond_exp1 &&
1258 	    !gp_cond_full1 &&
1259 	    !gp_cond_exp_full1 &&
1260 	    !gp_exp1 &&
1261 	    !gp_poll_exp1 &&
1262 	    !gp_poll_exp_full1 &&
1263 	    !gp_normal1 &&
1264 	    !gp_poll1 &&
1265 	    !gp_poll_full1 &&
1266 	    !gp_sync1) {
1267 		gp_cond1 = true;
1268 		gp_cond_exp1 = true;
1269 		gp_cond_full1 = true;
1270 		gp_cond_exp_full1 = true;
1271 		gp_exp1 = true;
1272 		gp_poll_exp1 = true;
1273 		gp_poll_exp_full1 = true;
1274 		gp_normal1 = true;
1275 		gp_poll1 = true;
1276 		gp_poll_full1 = true;
1277 		gp_sync1 = true;
1278 	}
1279 	if (gp_cond1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->cond_sync) {
1280 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET;
1281 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional GPs.\n", __func__);
1282 	} else if (gp_cond && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync)) {
1283 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond without primitives.\n", __func__);
1284 	}
1285 	if (gp_cond_exp1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp && cur_ops->cond_sync_exp) {
1286 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP;
1287 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1288 	} else if (gp_cond_exp && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp || !cur_ops->cond_sync_exp)) {
1289 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1290 	}
1291 	if (gp_cond_full1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->cond_sync_full) {
1292 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET_FULL;
1293 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional full-state GPs.\n", __func__);
1294 	} else if (gp_cond_full && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync_full)) {
1295 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1296 	}
1297 	if (gp_cond_exp_full1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp && cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full) {
1298 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL;
1299 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional full-state expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1300 	} else if (gp_cond_exp_full &&
1301 		   (!cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp || !cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full)) {
1302 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond_exp_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1303 	}
1304 	if (gp_exp1 && cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1305 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1306 		pr_info("%s: Testing expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1307 	} else if (gp_exp && !cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1308 		pr_alert("%s: gp_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1309 	}
1310 	if (gp_normal1 && cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1311 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1312 		pr_info("%s: Testing asynchronous GPs.\n", __func__);
1313 	} else if (gp_normal && !cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1314 		pr_alert("%s: gp_normal without primitives.\n", __func__);
1315 	}
1316 	if (gp_poll1 && cur_ops->get_comp_state && cur_ops->same_gp_state &&
1317 	    cur_ops->start_gp_poll && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
1318 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET;
1319 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling GPs.\n", __func__);
1320 	} else if (gp_poll && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)) {
1321 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll without primitives.\n", __func__);
1322 	}
1323 	if (gp_poll_full1 && cur_ops->get_comp_state_full && cur_ops->same_gp_state_full
1324 	    && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
1325 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL;
1326 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling full-state GPs.\n", __func__);
1327 	} else if (gp_poll_full && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)) {
1328 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1329 	}
1330 	if (gp_poll_exp1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp) {
1331 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP;
1332 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1333 	} else if (gp_poll_exp && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp)) {
1334 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1335 	}
1336 	if (gp_poll_exp_full1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
1337 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL;
1338 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling full-state expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1339 	} else if (gp_poll_exp_full &&
1340 		   (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)) {
1341 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll_exp_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1342 	}
1343 	if (gp_sync1 && cur_ops->sync) {
1344 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_SYNC;
1345 		pr_info("%s: Testing normal GPs.\n", __func__);
1346 	} else if (gp_sync && !cur_ops->sync) {
1347 		pr_alert("%s: gp_sync without primitives.\n", __func__);
1348 	}
1349 	pr_alert("%s: Testing %d update types.\n", __func__, nsynctypes);
1350 }
1351 
1352 /*
1353  * Do the specified rcu_torture_writer() synchronous grace period,
1354  * while also testing out the polled APIs.  Note well that the single-CPU
1355  * grace-period optimizations must be accounted for.
1356  */
1357 static void do_rtws_sync(struct torture_random_state *trsp, void (*sync)(void))
1358 {
1359 	unsigned long cookie;
1360 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
1361 	bool dopoll;
1362 	bool dopoll_full;
1363 	unsigned long r = torture_random(trsp);
1364 
1365 	dopoll = cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state && !(r & 0x300);
1366 	dopoll_full = cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full && !(r & 0xc00);
1367 	if (dopoll || dopoll_full)
1368 		cpus_read_lock();
1369 	if (dopoll)
1370 		cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1371 	if (dopoll_full)
1372 		cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&cookie_full);
1373 	if (cur_ops->poll_need_2gp && cur_ops->poll_need_2gp(dopoll, dopoll_full))
1374 		sync();
1375 	sync();
1376 	WARN_ONCE(dopoll && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1377 		  "%s: Cookie check 3 failed %pS() online %*pbl.",
1378 		  __func__, sync, cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1379 	WARN_ONCE(dopoll_full && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full),
1380 		  "%s: Cookie check 4 failed %pS() online %*pbl",
1381 		  __func__, sync, cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1382 	if (dopoll || dopoll_full)
1383 		cpus_read_unlock();
1384 }
1385 
1386 /*
1387  * RCU torture writer kthread.  Repeatedly substitutes a new structure
1388  * for that pointed to by rcu_torture_current, freeing the old structure
1389  * after a series of grace periods (the "pipeline").
1390  */
1391 static int
1392 rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
1393 {
1394 	bool boot_ended;
1395 	bool can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() && !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1396 	unsigned long cookie;
1397 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
1398 	int expediting = 0;
1399 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1400 	unsigned long gp_snap1;
1401 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap_full;
1402 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap1_full;
1403 	int i;
1404 	int idx;
1405 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1406 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgo = NULL;
1407 	int rgo_size = 0;
1408 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
1409 	struct rcu_torture *old_rp;
1410 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1411 	unsigned long stallsdone = jiffies;
1412 	bool stutter_waited;
1413 	unsigned long *ulo = NULL;
1414 	int ulo_size = 0;
1415 
1416 	// If a new stall test is added, this must be adjusted.
1417 	if (stall_cpu_holdoff + stall_gp_kthread + stall_cpu)
1418 		stallsdone += (stall_cpu_holdoff + stall_gp_kthread + stall_cpu + 60) *
1419 			      HZ * (stall_cpu_repeat + 1);
1420 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task started");
1421 	if (!can_expedite)
1422 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1423 			 " GP expediting controlled from boot/sysfs for %s.\n",
1424 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
1425 	if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
1426 		      "%s: No update-side primitives.\n", __func__)) {
1427 		/*
1428 		 * No updates primitives, so don't try updating.
1429 		 * The resulting test won't be testing much, hence the
1430 		 * above WARN_ONCE().
1431 		 */
1432 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1433 		torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1434 		return 0;
1435 	}
1436 	if (cur_ops->poll_active > 0) {
1437 		ulo = kzalloc(cur_ops->poll_active * sizeof(ulo[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
1438 		if (!WARN_ON(!ulo))
1439 			ulo_size = cur_ops->poll_active;
1440 	}
1441 	if (cur_ops->poll_active_full > 0) {
1442 		rgo = kzalloc(cur_ops->poll_active_full * sizeof(rgo[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
1443 		if (!WARN_ON(!rgo))
1444 			rgo_size = cur_ops->poll_active_full;
1445 	}
1446 
1447 	do {
1448 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_FIXED_DELAY;
1449 		torture_hrtimeout_us(500, 1000, &rand);
1450 		rp = rcu_torture_alloc();
1451 		if (rp == NULL)
1452 			continue;
1453 		rp->rtort_pipe_count = 0;
1454 		ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(rp->rtort_pipe_count);
1455 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DELAY;
1456 		udelay(torture_random(&rand) & 0x3ff);
1457 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_REPLACE;
1458 		old_rp = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
1459 					       current == writer_task);
1460 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 1;
1461 		rcu_assign_pointer(rcu_torture_current, rp);
1462 		smp_wmb(); /* Mods to old_rp must follow rcu_assign_pointer() */
1463 		if (old_rp) {
1464 			i = old_rp->rtort_pipe_count;
1465 			if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
1466 				i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1467 			atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
1468 			WRITE_ONCE(old_rp->rtort_pipe_count,
1469 				   old_rp->rtort_pipe_count + 1);
1470 			ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(old_rp->rtort_pipe_count);
1471 
1472 			// Make sure readers block polled grace periods.
1473 			if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
1474 				idx = cur_ops->readlock();
1475 				cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1476 				WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1477 					  "%s: Cookie check 1 failed %s(%d) %lu->%lu\n",
1478 					  __func__,
1479 					  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1480 					  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1481 					  cookie, cur_ops->get_gp_state());
1482 				if (cur_ops->get_comp_state) {
1483 					cookie = cur_ops->get_comp_state();
1484 					WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie));
1485 				}
1486 				cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
1487 			}
1488 			if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
1489 				idx = cur_ops->readlock();
1490 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&cookie_full);
1491 				WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full),
1492 					  "%s: Cookie check 5 failed %s(%d) online %*pbl\n",
1493 					  __func__,
1494 					  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1495 					  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1496 					  cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1497 				if (cur_ops->get_comp_state_full) {
1498 					cur_ops->get_comp_state_full(&cookie_full);
1499 					WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full));
1500 				}
1501 				cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
1502 			}
1503 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1504 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1505 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1506 				cur_ops->deferred_free(old_rp);
1507 				break;
1508 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1509 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1510 				do_rtws_sync(&rand, cur_ops->exp_sync);
1511 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1512 				break;
1513 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1514 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET;
1515 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1516 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1517 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC;
1518 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1519 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1520 				break;
1521 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP:
1522 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP;
1523 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp();
1524 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1525 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP;
1526 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp(gp_snap);
1527 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1528 				break;
1529 			case RTWS_COND_GET_FULL:
1530 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET_FULL;
1531 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1532 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1533 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC_FULL;
1534 				cur_ops->cond_sync_full(&gp_snap_full);
1535 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1536 				break;
1537 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL:
1538 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL;
1539 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1540 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1541 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP_FULL;
1542 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1543 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1544 				break;
1545 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
1546 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET;
1547 				for (i = 0; i < ulo_size; i++)
1548 					ulo[i] = cur_ops->get_comp_state();
1549 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1550 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT;
1551 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap)) {
1552 					gp_snap1 = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1553 					for (i = 0; i < ulo_size; i++)
1554 						if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(ulo[i]) ||
1555 						    cur_ops->same_gp_state(ulo[i], gp_snap1)) {
1556 							ulo[i] = gp_snap1;
1557 							break;
1558 						}
1559 					WARN_ON_ONCE(ulo_size > 0 && i >= ulo_size);
1560 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1561 								  &rand);
1562 				}
1563 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1564 				break;
1565 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL:
1566 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL;
1567 				for (i = 0; i < rgo_size; i++)
1568 					cur_ops->get_comp_state_full(&rgo[i]);
1569 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full(&gp_snap_full);
1570 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL;
1571 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full)) {
1572 					cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap1_full);
1573 					for (i = 0; i < rgo_size; i++)
1574 						if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&rgo[i]) ||
1575 						    cur_ops->same_gp_state_full(&rgo[i],
1576 										&gp_snap1_full)) {
1577 							rgo[i] = gp_snap1_full;
1578 							break;
1579 						}
1580 					WARN_ON_ONCE(rgo_size > 0 && i >= rgo_size);
1581 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1582 								  &rand);
1583 				}
1584 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1585 				break;
1586 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP:
1587 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP;
1588 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp();
1589 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP;
1590 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp(gp_snap))
1591 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1592 								  &rand);
1593 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1594 				break;
1595 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL:
1596 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL;
1597 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1598 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP_FULL;
1599 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full))
1600 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1601 								  &rand);
1602 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1603 				break;
1604 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1605 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_SYNC;
1606 				do_rtws_sync(&rand, cur_ops->sync);
1607 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1608 				break;
1609 			default:
1610 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1611 				break;
1612 			}
1613 		}
1614 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version,
1615 			   rcu_torture_current_version + 1);
1616 		/* Cycle through nesting levels of rcu_expedite_gp() calls. */
1617 		if (can_expedite &&
1618 		    !(torture_random(&rand) & 0xff & (!!expediting - 1))) {
1619 			WARN_ON_ONCE(expediting == 0 && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1620 			if (expediting >= 0)
1621 				rcu_expedite_gp();
1622 			else
1623 				rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1624 			if (++expediting > 3)
1625 				expediting = -expediting;
1626 		} else if (!can_expedite) { /* Disabled during boot, recheck. */
1627 			can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() &&
1628 				       !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1629 		}
1630 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STUTTER;
1631 		boot_ended = rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended();
1632 		stutter_waited = stutter_wait("rcu_torture_writer");
1633 		if (stutter_waited &&
1634 		    !atomic_read(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
1635 		    !cur_ops->slow_gps &&
1636 		    !torture_must_stop() &&
1637 		    boot_ended &&
1638 		    time_after(jiffies, stallsdone))
1639 			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++)
1640 				if (list_empty(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free) &&
1641 				    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) != &rcu_tortures[i]) {
1642 					tracing_off();
1643 					if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
1644 						cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
1645 					WARN(1, "%s: rtort_pipe_count: %d\n", __func__, rcu_tortures[i].rtort_pipe_count);
1646 					rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1647 				}
1648 		if (stutter_waited)
1649 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1650 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1651 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;  // Let stats task know that we are done.
1652 	/* Reset expediting back to unexpedited. */
1653 	if (expediting > 0)
1654 		expediting = -expediting;
1655 	while (can_expedite && expediting++ < 0)
1656 		rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1657 	WARN_ON_ONCE(can_expedite && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1658 	if (!can_expedite)
1659 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1660 			 " Dynamic grace-period expediting was disabled.\n",
1661 			 torture_type);
1662 	kfree(ulo);
1663 	kfree(rgo);
1664 	rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1665 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1666 	return 0;
1667 }
1668 
1669 /*
1670  * RCU torture fake writer kthread.  Repeatedly calls sync, with a random
1671  * delay between calls.
1672  */
1673 static int
1674 rcu_torture_fakewriter(void *arg)
1675 {
1676 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1677 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap_full;
1678 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1679 
1680 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fakewriter task started");
1681 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
1682 
1683 	if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
1684 		      "%s: No update-side primitives.\n", __func__)) {
1685 		/*
1686 		 * No updates primitives, so don't try updating.
1687 		 * The resulting test won't be testing much, hence the
1688 		 * above WARN_ONCE().
1689 		 */
1690 		torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1691 		return 0;
1692 	}
1693 
1694 	do {
1695 		torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 10, &rand);
1696 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL &&
1697 		    torture_random(&rand) % (nfakewriters * 8) == 0) {
1698 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
1699 		} else {
1700 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1701 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1702 				break;
1703 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1704 				cur_ops->exp_sync();
1705 				break;
1706 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1707 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1708 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1709 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1710 				break;
1711 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP:
1712 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp();
1713 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1714 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp(gp_snap);
1715 				break;
1716 			case RTWS_COND_GET_FULL:
1717 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1718 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1719 				cur_ops->cond_sync_full(&gp_snap_full);
1720 				break;
1721 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL:
1722 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1723 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1724 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1725 				break;
1726 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
1727 				if (cur_ops->start_poll_irqsoff)
1728 					local_irq_disable();
1729 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1730 				if (cur_ops->start_poll_irqsoff)
1731 					local_irq_enable();
1732 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap)) {
1733 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1734 								  &rand);
1735 				}
1736 				break;
1737 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL:
1738 				if (cur_ops->start_poll_irqsoff)
1739 					local_irq_disable();
1740 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full(&gp_snap_full);
1741 				if (cur_ops->start_poll_irqsoff)
1742 					local_irq_enable();
1743 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full)) {
1744 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1745 								  &rand);
1746 				}
1747 				break;
1748 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP:
1749 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp();
1750 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp(gp_snap)) {
1751 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1752 								  &rand);
1753 				}
1754 				break;
1755 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL:
1756 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1757 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full)) {
1758 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1759 								  &rand);
1760 				}
1761 				break;
1762 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1763 				cur_ops->sync();
1764 				break;
1765 			default:
1766 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1767 				break;
1768 			}
1769 		}
1770 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1771 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1772 
1773 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1774 	return 0;
1775 }
1776 
1777 static void rcu_torture_timer_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
1778 {
1779 	kfree(rhp);
1780 }
1781 
1782 // Set up and carry out testing of RCU's global memory ordering
1783 static void rcu_torture_reader_do_mbchk(long myid, struct rcu_torture *rtp,
1784 					struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1785 {
1786 	unsigned long loops;
1787 	int noc = torture_num_online_cpus();
1788 	int rdrchked;
1789 	int rdrchker;
1790 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp; // Me.
1791 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_assigner; // Assigned us to do checking.
1792 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_chked; // Reader being checked.
1793 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_chker; // Reader doing checking when not me.
1794 
1795 	if (myid < 0)
1796 		return; // Don't try this from timer handlers.
1797 
1798 	// Increment my counter.
1799 	rtrcp = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[myid];
1800 	WRITE_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_myloops, rtrcp->rtc_myloops + 1);
1801 
1802 	// Attempt to assign someone else some checking work.
1803 	rdrchked = torture_random(trsp) % nrealreaders;
1804 	rtrcp_chked = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchked];
1805 	rdrchker = torture_random(trsp) % nrealreaders;
1806 	rtrcp_chker = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchker];
1807 	if (rdrchked != myid && rdrchked != rdrchker && noc >= rdrchked && noc >= rdrchker &&
1808 	    smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr) < 0 && // Pairs with smp_store_release below.
1809 	    !READ_ONCE(rtp->rtort_chkp) &&
1810 	    !smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner)) { // Pairs with smp_store_release below.
1811 		rtrcp->rtc_chkloops = READ_ONCE(rtrcp_chked->rtc_myloops);
1812 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr >= 0);
1813 		rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr = rdrchked;
1814 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_ready); // This gets set after the grace period ends.
1815 		if (cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner, NULL, rtrcp) ||
1816 		    cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtp->rtort_chkp, NULL, rtrcp))
1817 			(void)cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner, rtrcp, NULL); // Back out.
1818 	}
1819 
1820 	// If assigned some completed work, do it!
1821 	rtrcp_assigner = READ_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_assigner);
1822 	if (!rtrcp_assigner || !smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp_assigner->rtc_ready))
1823 		return; // No work or work not yet ready.
1824 	rdrchked = rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkrdr;
1825 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(rdrchked < 0))
1826 		return;
1827 	rtrcp_chked = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchked];
1828 	loops = READ_ONCE(rtrcp_chked->rtc_myloops);
1829 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries);
1830 	if (ULONG_CMP_LT(loops, rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkloops))
1831 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail);
1832 	rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkloops = loops + ULONG_MAX / 2;
1833 	rtrcp_assigner->rtc_ready = 0;
1834 	smp_store_release(&rtrcp->rtc_assigner, NULL); // Someone else can assign us work.
1835 	smp_store_release(&rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkrdr, -1); // Assigner can again assign.
1836 }
1837 
1838 /*
1839  * Do one extension of an RCU read-side critical section using the
1840  * current reader state in readstate (set to zero for initial entry
1841  * to extended critical section), set the new state as specified by
1842  * newstate (set to zero for final exit from extended critical section),
1843  * and random-number-generator state in trsp.  If this is neither the
1844  * beginning or end of the critical section and if there was actually a
1845  * change, do a ->read_delay().
1846  */
1847 static void rcutorture_one_extend(int *readstate, int newstate,
1848 				  struct torture_random_state *trsp,
1849 				  struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
1850 {
1851 	unsigned long flags;
1852 	int idxnew1 = -1;
1853 	int idxnew2 = -1;
1854 	int idxold1 = *readstate;
1855 	int idxold2 = idxold1;
1856 	int statesnew = ~*readstate & newstate;
1857 	int statesold = *readstate & ~newstate;
1858 
1859 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxold2 < 0);
1860 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxold2 & ~RCUTORTURE_RDR_ALLBITS);
1861 	rtrsp->rt_readstate = newstate;
1862 
1863 	/* First, put new protection in place to avoid critical-section gap. */
1864 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
1865 		local_bh_disable();
1866 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
1867 		rcu_read_lock_bh();
1868 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1869 		local_irq_disable();
1870 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
1871 		preempt_disable();
1872 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
1873 		rcu_read_lock_sched();
1874 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
1875 		idxnew1 = (cur_ops->readlock() << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1) & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1;
1876 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)
1877 		idxnew2 = (cur_ops->readlock() << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2;
1878 
1879 	/*
1880 	 * Next, remove old protection, in decreasing order of strength
1881 	 * to avoid unlock paths that aren't safe in the stronger
1882 	 * context. Namely: BH can not be enabled with disabled interrupts.
1883 	 * Additionally PREEMPT_RT requires that BH is enabled in preemptible
1884 	 * context.
1885 	 */
1886 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1887 		local_irq_enable();
1888 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
1889 		preempt_enable();
1890 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
1891 		rcu_read_unlock_sched();
1892 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
1893 		local_bh_enable();
1894 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
1895 		rcu_read_unlock_bh();
1896 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2) {
1897 		cur_ops->readunlock((idxold2 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2) >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2);
1898 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew2 != -1);
1899 		idxold2 = 0;
1900 	}
1901 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1) {
1902 		bool lockit;
1903 
1904 		lockit = !cur_ops->no_pi_lock && !statesnew && !(torture_random(trsp) & 0xffff);
1905 		if (lockit)
1906 			raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&current->pi_lock, flags);
1907 		cur_ops->readunlock((idxold1 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1) >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1);
1908 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 != -1);
1909 		idxold1 = 0;
1910 		if (lockit)
1911 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&current->pi_lock, flags);
1912 	}
1913 
1914 	/* Delay if neither beginning nor end and there was a change. */
1915 	if ((statesnew || statesold) && *readstate && newstate)
1916 		cur_ops->read_delay(trsp, rtrsp);
1917 
1918 	/* Update the reader state. */
1919 	if (idxnew1 == -1)
1920 		idxnew1 = idxold1 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1;
1921 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 < 0);
1922 	if (idxnew2 == -1)
1923 		idxnew2 = idxold2 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2;
1924 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew2 < 0);
1925 	*readstate = idxnew1 | idxnew2 | newstate;
1926 	WARN_ON_ONCE(*readstate < 0);
1927 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(*readstate & ~RCUTORTURE_RDR_ALLBITS))
1928 		pr_info("Unexpected readstate value of %#x\n", *readstate);
1929 }
1930 
1931 /* Return the biggest extendables mask given current RCU and boot parameters. */
1932 static int rcutorture_extend_mask_max(void)
1933 {
1934 	int mask;
1935 
1936 	WARN_ON_ONCE(extendables & ~RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND);
1937 	mask = extendables & RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND & cur_ops->extendables;
1938 	mask = mask | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
1939 	return mask;
1940 }
1941 
1942 /* Return a random protection state mask, but with at least one bit set. */
1943 static int
1944 rcutorture_extend_mask(int oldmask, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1945 {
1946 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
1947 	unsigned long randmask1 = torture_random(trsp);
1948 	unsigned long randmask2 = randmask1 >> 3;
1949 	unsigned long preempts = RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED;
1950 	unsigned long preempts_irq = preempts | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ;
1951 	unsigned long bhs = RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH;
1952 
1953 	WARN_ON_ONCE(mask >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1);  // Can't have reader idx bits.
1954 	/* Mostly only one bit (need preemption!), sometimes lots of bits. */
1955 	if (!(randmask1 & 0x7))
1956 		mask = mask & randmask2;
1957 	else
1958 		mask = mask & (1 << (randmask2 % RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS));
1959 
1960 	// Can't have nested RCU reader without outer RCU reader.
1961 	if (!(mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1) && (mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)) {
1962 		if (oldmask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
1963 			mask &= ~RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
1964 		else
1965 			mask |= RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1;
1966 	}
1967 
1968 	/*
1969 	 * Can't enable bh w/irq disabled.
1970 	 */
1971 	if (mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1972 		mask |= oldmask & bhs;
1973 
1974 	/*
1975 	 * Ideally these sequences would be detected in debug builds
1976 	 * (regardless of RT), but until then don't stop testing
1977 	 * them on non-RT.
1978 	 */
1979 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)) {
1980 		/* Can't modify BH in atomic context */
1981 		if (oldmask & preempts_irq)
1982 			mask &= ~bhs;
1983 		if ((oldmask | mask) & preempts_irq)
1984 			mask |= oldmask & bhs;
1985 	}
1986 
1987 	return mask ?: RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1;
1988 }
1989 
1990 /*
1991  * Do a randomly selected number of extensions of an existing RCU read-side
1992  * critical section.
1993  */
1994 static struct rt_read_seg *
1995 rcutorture_loop_extend(int *readstate, struct torture_random_state *trsp,
1996 		       struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
1997 {
1998 	int i;
1999 	int j;
2000 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
2001 
2002 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!*readstate); /* -Existing- RCU read-side critsect! */
2003 	if (!((mask - 1) & mask))
2004 		return rtrsp;  /* Current RCU reader not extendable. */
2005 	/* Bias towards larger numbers of loops. */
2006 	i = torture_random(trsp);
2007 	i = ((i | (i >> 3)) & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS) + 1;
2008 	for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
2009 		mask = rcutorture_extend_mask(*readstate, trsp);
2010 		rcutorture_one_extend(readstate, mask, trsp, &rtrsp[j]);
2011 	}
2012 	return &rtrsp[j];
2013 }
2014 
2015 /*
2016  * Do one read-side critical section, returning false if there was
2017  * no data to read.  Can be invoked both from process context and
2018  * from a timer handler.
2019  */
2020 static bool rcu_torture_one_read(struct torture_random_state *trsp, long myid)
2021 {
2022 	bool checkpolling = !(torture_random(trsp) & 0xfff);
2023 	unsigned long cookie;
2024 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
2025 	int i;
2026 	unsigned long started;
2027 	unsigned long completed;
2028 	int newstate;
2029 	struct rcu_torture *p;
2030 	int pipe_count;
2031 	int readstate = 0;
2032 	struct rt_read_seg rtseg[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS] = { { 0 } };
2033 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp = &rtseg[0];
2034 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp1;
2035 	unsigned long long ts;
2036 
2037 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_is_watching());
2038 	newstate = rcutorture_extend_mask(readstate, trsp);
2039 	rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, newstate, trsp, rtrsp++);
2040 	if (checkpolling) {
2041 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
2042 			cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
2043 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)
2044 			cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&cookie_full);
2045 	}
2046 	started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2047 	ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
2048 	p = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
2049 				  !cur_ops->readlock_held || cur_ops->readlock_held());
2050 	if (p == NULL) {
2051 		/* Wait for rcu_torture_writer to get underway */
2052 		rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, 0, trsp, rtrsp);
2053 		return false;
2054 	}
2055 	if (p->rtort_mbtest == 0)
2056 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mberror);
2057 	rcu_torture_reader_do_mbchk(myid, p, trsp);
2058 	rtrsp = rcutorture_loop_extend(&readstate, trsp, rtrsp);
2059 	preempt_disable();
2060 	pipe_count = READ_ONCE(p->rtort_pipe_count);
2061 	if (pipe_count > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
2062 		// Should not happen in a correct RCU implementation,
2063 		// happens quite often for torture_type=busted.
2064 		pipe_count = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
2065 	}
2066 	completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2067 	if (pipe_count > 1) {
2068 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, &p->rtort_rcu,
2069 					  ts, started, completed);
2070 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
2071 	}
2072 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_count[pipe_count]);
2073 	completed = rcutorture_seq_diff(completed, started);
2074 	if (completed > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
2075 		/* Should not happen, but... */
2076 		completed = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
2077 	}
2078 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_batch[completed]);
2079 	preempt_enable();
2080 	if (checkpolling) {
2081 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
2082 			WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
2083 				  "%s: Cookie check 2 failed %s(%d) %lu->%lu\n",
2084 				  __func__,
2085 				  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
2086 				  rcu_torture_writer_state,
2087 				  cookie, cur_ops->get_gp_state());
2088 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)
2089 			WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full),
2090 				  "%s: Cookie check 6 failed %s(%d) online %*pbl\n",
2091 				  __func__,
2092 				  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
2093 				  rcu_torture_writer_state,
2094 				  cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
2095 	}
2096 	rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, 0, trsp, rtrsp);
2097 	WARN_ON_ONCE(readstate);
2098 	// This next splat is expected behavior if leakpointer, especially
2099 	// for CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD=y kernels.
2100 	WARN_ON_ONCE(leakpointer && READ_ONCE(p->rtort_pipe_count) > 1);
2101 
2102 	/* If error or close call, record the sequence of reader protections. */
2103 	if ((pipe_count > 1 || completed > 1) && !xchg(&err_segs_recorded, 1)) {
2104 		i = 0;
2105 		for (rtrsp1 = &rtseg[0]; rtrsp1 < rtrsp; rtrsp1++)
2106 			err_segs[i++] = *rtrsp1;
2107 		rt_read_nsegs = i;
2108 	}
2109 
2110 	return true;
2111 }
2112 
2113 static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM_PERCPU(rcu_torture_timer_rand);
2114 
2115 /*
2116  * RCU torture reader from timer handler.  Dereferences rcu_torture_current,
2117  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
2118  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
2119  * RCU implementation is broken.
2120  */
2121 static void rcu_torture_timer(struct timer_list *unused)
2122 {
2123 	atomic_long_inc(&n_rcu_torture_timers);
2124 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_torture_timer_rand), -1);
2125 
2126 	/* Test call_rcu() invocation from interrupt handler. */
2127 	if (cur_ops->call) {
2128 		struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_NOWAIT);
2129 
2130 		if (rhp)
2131 			cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_timer_cb);
2132 	}
2133 }
2134 
2135 /*
2136  * RCU torture reader kthread.  Repeatedly dereferences rcu_torture_current,
2137  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
2138  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
2139  * RCU implementation is broken.
2140  */
2141 static int
2142 rcu_torture_reader(void *arg)
2143 {
2144 	unsigned long lastsleep = jiffies;
2145 	long myid = (long)arg;
2146 	int mynumonline = myid;
2147 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
2148 	struct timer_list t;
2149 
2150 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_reader task started");
2151 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2152 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable)
2153 		timer_setup_on_stack(&t, rcu_torture_timer, 0);
2154 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2155 	do {
2156 		if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
2157 			if (!timer_pending(&t))
2158 				mod_timer(&t, jiffies + 1);
2159 		}
2160 		if (!rcu_torture_one_read(&rand, myid) && !torture_must_stop())
2161 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ);
2162 		if (time_after(jiffies, lastsleep) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2163 			torture_hrtimeout_us(500, 1000, &rand);
2164 			lastsleep = jiffies + 10;
2165 		}
2166 		while (torture_num_online_cpus() < mynumonline && !torture_must_stop())
2167 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 5);
2168 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_reader");
2169 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2170 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
2171 		del_timer_sync(&t);
2172 		destroy_timer_on_stack(&t);
2173 	}
2174 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2175 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_reader");
2176 	return 0;
2177 }
2178 
2179 /*
2180  * Randomly Toggle CPUs' callback-offload state.  This uses hrtimers to
2181  * increase race probabilities and fuzzes the interval between toggling.
2182  */
2183 static int rcu_nocb_toggle(void *arg)
2184 {
2185 	int cpu;
2186 	int maxcpu = -1;
2187 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
2188 	long r;
2189 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
2190 	ktime_t toggle_delay;
2191 	unsigned long toggle_fuzz;
2192 	ktime_t toggle_interval = ms_to_ktime(nocbs_toggle);
2193 
2194 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_nocb_toggle task started");
2195 	while (!rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended())
2196 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
2197 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
2198 		maxcpu = cpu;
2199 	WARN_ON(maxcpu < 0);
2200 	if (toggle_interval > ULONG_MAX)
2201 		toggle_fuzz = ULONG_MAX >> 3;
2202 	else
2203 		toggle_fuzz = toggle_interval >> 3;
2204 	if (toggle_fuzz <= 0)
2205 		toggle_fuzz = NSEC_PER_USEC;
2206 	do {
2207 		r = torture_random(&rand);
2208 		cpu = (r >> 1) % (maxcpu + 1);
2209 		if (r & 0x1) {
2210 			rcu_nocb_cpu_offload(cpu);
2211 			atomic_long_inc(&n_nocb_offload);
2212 		} else {
2213 			rcu_nocb_cpu_deoffload(cpu);
2214 			atomic_long_inc(&n_nocb_deoffload);
2215 		}
2216 		toggle_delay = torture_random(&rand) % toggle_fuzz + toggle_interval;
2217 		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
2218 		schedule_hrtimeout(&toggle_delay, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
2219 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_nocb_toggle"))
2220 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
2221 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2222 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_nocb_toggle");
2223 	return 0;
2224 }
2225 
2226 /*
2227  * Print torture statistics.  Caller must ensure that there is only
2228  * one call to this function at a given time!!!  This is normally
2229  * accomplished by relying on the module system to only have one copy
2230  * of the module loaded, and then by giving the rcu_torture_stats
2231  * kthread full control (or the init/cleanup functions when rcu_torture_stats
2232  * thread is not running).
2233  */
2234 static void
2235 rcu_torture_stats_print(void)
2236 {
2237 	int cpu;
2238 	int i;
2239 	long pipesummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
2240 	long batchsummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
2241 	struct rcu_torture *rtcp;
2242 	static unsigned long rtcv_snap = ULONG_MAX;
2243 	static bool splatted;
2244 	struct task_struct *wtp;
2245 
2246 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
2247 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
2248 			pipesummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i]);
2249 			batchsummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i]);
2250 		}
2251 	}
2252 	for (i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN; i >= 0; i--) {
2253 		if (pipesummary[i] != 0)
2254 			break;
2255 	}
2256 
2257 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2258 	rtcp = rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current);
2259 	pr_cont("rtc: %p %s: %lu tfle: %d rta: %d rtaf: %d rtf: %d ",
2260 		rtcp,
2261 		rtcp && !rcu_stall_is_suppressed_at_boot() ? "ver" : "VER",
2262 		rcu_torture_current_version,
2263 		list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist),
2264 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc),
2265 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail),
2266 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_free));
2267 	pr_cont("rtmbe: %d rtmbkf: %d/%d rtbe: %ld rtbke: %ld ",
2268 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror),
2269 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail), atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries),
2270 		n_rcu_torture_barrier_error,
2271 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror);
2272 	pr_cont("rtbf: %ld rtb: %ld nt: %ld ",
2273 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure,
2274 		n_rcu_torture_boosts,
2275 		atomic_long_read(&n_rcu_torture_timers));
2276 	torture_onoff_stats();
2277 	pr_cont("barrier: %ld/%ld:%ld ",
2278 		data_race(n_barrier_successes),
2279 		data_race(n_barrier_attempts),
2280 		data_race(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error));
2281 	pr_cont("read-exits: %ld ", data_race(n_read_exits)); // Statistic.
2282 	pr_cont("nocb-toggles: %ld:%ld\n",
2283 		atomic_long_read(&n_nocb_offload), atomic_long_read(&n_nocb_deoffload));
2284 
2285 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2286 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror) ||
2287 	    atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail) ||
2288 	    n_rcu_torture_barrier_error || n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror ||
2289 	    n_rcu_torture_boost_failure || i > 1) {
2290 		pr_cont("%s", "!!! ");
2291 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_error);
2292 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror));
2293 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail));
2294 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error);  // rcu_barrier()
2295 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror); // no boost kthread
2296 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_failure); // boost failed (TIMER_SOFTIRQ RT prio?)
2297 		WARN_ON_ONCE(i > 1); // Too-short grace period
2298 	}
2299 	pr_cont("Reader Pipe: ");
2300 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
2301 		pr_cont(" %ld", pipesummary[i]);
2302 	pr_cont("\n");
2303 
2304 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2305 	pr_cont("Reader Batch: ");
2306 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
2307 		pr_cont(" %ld", batchsummary[i]);
2308 	pr_cont("\n");
2309 
2310 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2311 	pr_cont("Free-Block Circulation: ");
2312 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
2313 		pr_cont(" %d", atomic_read(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]));
2314 	}
2315 	pr_cont("\n");
2316 
2317 	if (cur_ops->stats)
2318 		cur_ops->stats();
2319 	if (rtcv_snap == rcu_torture_current_version &&
2320 	    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) &&
2321 	    !rcu_stall_is_suppressed()) {
2322 		int __maybe_unused flags = 0;
2323 		unsigned long __maybe_unused gp_seq = 0;
2324 
2325 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_data)
2326 			cur_ops->get_gp_data(&flags, &gp_seq);
2327 		wtp = READ_ONCE(writer_task);
2328 		pr_alert("??? Writer stall state %s(%d) g%lu f%#x ->state %#x cpu %d\n",
2329 			 rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
2330 			 rcu_torture_writer_state, gp_seq, flags,
2331 			 wtp == NULL ? ~0U : wtp->__state,
2332 			 wtp == NULL ? -1 : (int)task_cpu(wtp));
2333 		if (!splatted && wtp) {
2334 			sched_show_task(wtp);
2335 			splatted = true;
2336 		}
2337 		if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
2338 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
2339 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
2340 	}
2341 	rtcv_snap = rcu_torture_current_version;
2342 }
2343 
2344 /*
2345  * Periodically prints torture statistics, if periodic statistics printing
2346  * was specified via the stat_interval module parameter.
2347  */
2348 static int
2349 rcu_torture_stats(void *arg)
2350 {
2351 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stats task started");
2352 	do {
2353 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stat_interval * HZ);
2354 		rcu_torture_stats_print();
2355 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stats");
2356 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2357 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_stats");
2358 	return 0;
2359 }
2360 
2361 /* Test mem_dump_obj() and friends.  */
2362 static void rcu_torture_mem_dump_obj(void)
2363 {
2364 	struct rcu_head *rhp;
2365 	struct kmem_cache *kcp;
2366 	static int z;
2367 
2368 	kcp = kmem_cache_create("rcuscale", 136, 8, SLAB_STORE_USER, NULL);
2369 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!kcp))
2370 		return;
2371 	rhp = kmem_cache_alloc(kcp, GFP_KERNEL);
2372 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rhp)) {
2373 		kmem_cache_destroy(kcp);
2374 		return;
2375 	}
2376 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() slab test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px, &z = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp, &z);
2377 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(ZERO_SIZE_PTR):");
2378 	mem_dump_obj(ZERO_SIZE_PTR);
2379 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(NULL):");
2380 	mem_dump_obj(NULL);
2381 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &rhp);
2382 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp);
2383 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", rhp);
2384 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2385 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &rhp->func);
2386 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2387 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &z);
2388 	mem_dump_obj(&z);
2389 	kmem_cache_free(kcp, rhp);
2390 	kmem_cache_destroy(kcp);
2391 	rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
2392 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rhp))
2393 		return;
2394 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() kmalloc test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp);
2395 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(kmalloc %px):", rhp);
2396 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2397 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(kmalloc %px):", &rhp->func);
2398 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2399 	kfree(rhp);
2400 	rhp = vmalloc(4096);
2401 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rhp))
2402 		return;
2403 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() vmalloc test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp);
2404 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(vmalloc %px):", rhp);
2405 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2406 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(vmalloc %px):", &rhp->func);
2407 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2408 	vfree(rhp);
2409 }
2410 
2411 static void
2412 rcu_torture_print_module_parms(struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops, const char *tag)
2413 {
2414 	pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
2415 		 "--- %s: nreaders=%d nfakewriters=%d "
2416 		 "stat_interval=%d verbose=%d test_no_idle_hz=%d "
2417 		 "shuffle_interval=%d stutter=%d irqreader=%d "
2418 		 "fqs_duration=%d fqs_holdoff=%d fqs_stutter=%d "
2419 		 "test_boost=%d/%d test_boost_interval=%d "
2420 		 "test_boost_duration=%d shutdown_secs=%d "
2421 		 "stall_cpu=%d stall_cpu_holdoff=%d stall_cpu_irqsoff=%d "
2422 		 "stall_cpu_block=%d stall_cpu_repeat=%d "
2423 		 "n_barrier_cbs=%d "
2424 		 "onoff_interval=%d onoff_holdoff=%d "
2425 		 "read_exit_delay=%d read_exit_burst=%d "
2426 		 "reader_flavor=%x "
2427 		 "nocbs_nthreads=%d nocbs_toggle=%d "
2428 		 "test_nmis=%d\n",
2429 		 torture_type, tag, nrealreaders, nfakewriters,
2430 		 stat_interval, verbose, test_no_idle_hz, shuffle_interval,
2431 		 stutter, irqreader, fqs_duration, fqs_holdoff, fqs_stutter,
2432 		 test_boost, cur_ops->can_boost,
2433 		 test_boost_interval, test_boost_duration, shutdown_secs,
2434 		 stall_cpu, stall_cpu_holdoff, stall_cpu_irqsoff,
2435 		 stall_cpu_block, stall_cpu_repeat,
2436 		 n_barrier_cbs,
2437 		 onoff_interval, onoff_holdoff,
2438 		 read_exit_delay, read_exit_burst,
2439 		 reader_flavor,
2440 		 nocbs_nthreads, nocbs_toggle,
2441 		 test_nmis);
2442 }
2443 
2444 static int rcutorture_booster_cleanup(unsigned int cpu)
2445 {
2446 	struct task_struct *t;
2447 
2448 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] == NULL)
2449 		return 0;
2450 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
2451 	t = boost_tasks[cpu];
2452 	boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
2453 	rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle();
2454 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2455 
2456 	/* This must be outside of the mutex, otherwise deadlock! */
2457 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_boost, t);
2458 	return 0;
2459 }
2460 
2461 static int rcutorture_booster_init(unsigned int cpu)
2462 {
2463 	int retval;
2464 
2465 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] != NULL)
2466 		return 0;  /* Already created, nothing more to do. */
2467 
2468 	// Testing RCU priority boosting requires rcutorture do
2469 	// some serious abuse.  Counter this by running ksoftirqd
2470 	// at higher priority.
2471 	if (IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)) {
2472 		struct sched_param sp;
2473 		struct task_struct *t;
2474 
2475 		t = per_cpu(ksoftirqd, cpu);
2476 		WARN_ON_ONCE(!t);
2477 		sp.sched_priority = 2;
2478 		sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp);
2479 #ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_FORCED_THREADING
2480 		if (force_irqthreads()) {
2481 			t = per_cpu(ktimerd, cpu);
2482 			WARN_ON_ONCE(!t);
2483 			sp.sched_priority = 2;
2484 			sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp);
2485 		}
2486 #endif
2487 	}
2488 
2489 	/* Don't allow time recalculation while creating a new task. */
2490 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
2491 	rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle();
2492 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Creating rcu_torture_boost task");
2493 	boost_tasks[cpu] = kthread_run_on_cpu(rcu_torture_boost, NULL,
2494 					      cpu, "rcu_torture_boost_%u");
2495 	if (IS_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu])) {
2496 		retval = PTR_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu]);
2497 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost task create failed");
2498 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror++;
2499 		boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
2500 		mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2501 		return retval;
2502 	}
2503 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2504 	return 0;
2505 }
2506 
2507 static int rcu_torture_stall_nf(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long v, void *ptr)
2508 {
2509 	pr_info("%s: v=%lu, duration=%lu.\n", __func__, v, (unsigned long)ptr);
2510 	return NOTIFY_OK;
2511 }
2512 
2513 static struct notifier_block rcu_torture_stall_block = {
2514 	.notifier_call = rcu_torture_stall_nf,
2515 };
2516 
2517 /*
2518  * CPU-stall kthread.  It waits as specified by stall_cpu_holdoff, then
2519  * induces a CPU stall for the time specified by stall_cpu.  If a new
2520  * stall test is added, stallsdone in rcu_torture_writer() must be adjusted.
2521  */
2522 static void rcu_torture_stall_one(int rep, int irqsoff)
2523 {
2524 	int idx;
2525 	unsigned long stop_at;
2526 
2527 	if (stall_cpu_holdoff > 0) {
2528 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin holdoff");
2529 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stall_cpu_holdoff * HZ);
2530 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall end holdoff");
2531 	}
2532 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_gp_kthread > 0) {
2533 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin GP stall");
2534 		rcu_gp_set_torture_wait(stall_gp_kthread * HZ);
2535 		for (idx = 0; idx < stall_gp_kthread + 2; idx++) {
2536 			if (kthread_should_stop())
2537 				break;
2538 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2539 		}
2540 	}
2541 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_cpu > 0) {
2542 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin CPU stall");
2543 		stop_at = ktime_get_seconds() + stall_cpu;
2544 		/* RCU CPU stall is expected behavior in following code. */
2545 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
2546 		if (irqsoff)
2547 			local_irq_disable();
2548 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
2549 			preempt_disable();
2550 		pr_alert("%s start stall episode %d on CPU %d.\n",
2551 			  __func__, rep + 1, raw_smp_processor_id());
2552 		while (ULONG_CMP_LT((unsigned long)ktime_get_seconds(), stop_at) &&
2553 		       !kthread_should_stop())
2554 			if (stall_cpu_block) {
2555 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPTION
2556 				preempt_schedule();
2557 #else
2558 				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2559 #endif
2560 			} else if (stall_no_softlockup) {
2561 				touch_softlockup_watchdog();
2562 			}
2563 		if (irqsoff)
2564 			local_irq_enable();
2565 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
2566 			preempt_enable();
2567 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
2568 	}
2569 }
2570 
2571 /*
2572  * CPU-stall kthread.  Invokes rcu_torture_stall_one() once, and then as many
2573  * additional times as specified by the stall_cpu_repeat module parameter.
2574  * Note that stall_cpu_irqsoff is ignored on the second and subsequent
2575  * stall.
2576  */
2577 static int rcu_torture_stall(void *args)
2578 {
2579 	int i;
2580 	int repeat = stall_cpu_repeat;
2581 	int ret;
2582 
2583 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall task started");
2584 	if (repeat < 0) {
2585 		repeat = 0;
2586 		WARN_ON_ONCE(IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST));
2587 	}
2588 	if (rcu_cpu_stall_notifiers) {
2589 		ret = rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register(&rcu_torture_stall_block);
2590 		if (ret)
2591 			pr_info("%s: rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register() returned %d, %sexpected.\n",
2592 				__func__, ret, !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_STALL_COMMON) ? "un" : "");
2593 	}
2594 	for (i = 0; i <= repeat; i++) {
2595 		if (kthread_should_stop())
2596 			break;
2597 		rcu_torture_stall_one(i, i == 0 ? stall_cpu_irqsoff : 0);
2598 	}
2599 	pr_alert("%s end.\n", __func__);
2600 	if (rcu_cpu_stall_notifiers && !ret) {
2601 		ret = rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister(&rcu_torture_stall_block);
2602 		if (ret)
2603 			pr_info("%s: rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister() returned %d.\n", __func__, ret);
2604 	}
2605 	torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stall");
2606 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
2607 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(10 * HZ);
2608 	return 0;
2609 }
2610 
2611 /* Spawn CPU-stall kthread, if stall_cpu specified. */
2612 static int __init rcu_torture_stall_init(void)
2613 {
2614 	if (stall_cpu <= 0 && stall_gp_kthread <= 0)
2615 		return 0;
2616 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, NULL, stall_task);
2617 }
2618 
2619 /* State structure for forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback. */
2620 struct fwd_cb_state {
2621 	struct rcu_head rh;
2622 	int stop;
2623 };
2624 
2625 /*
2626  * Forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback function.  Because
2627  * callbacks run from softirq, this function is an implicit RCU read-side
2628  * critical section.
2629  */
2630 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
2631 {
2632 	struct fwd_cb_state *fcsp = container_of(rhp, struct fwd_cb_state, rh);
2633 
2634 	if (READ_ONCE(fcsp->stop)) {
2635 		WRITE_ONCE(fcsp->stop, 2);
2636 		return;
2637 	}
2638 	cur_ops->call(&fcsp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
2639 }
2640 
2641 /* State for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
2642 struct rcu_fwd_cb {
2643 	struct rcu_head rh;
2644 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfc_next;
2645 	struct rcu_fwd *rfc_rfp;
2646 	int rfc_gps;
2647 };
2648 
2649 #define MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES	(8 * HZ) /* Maximum CB test duration. */
2650 #define MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS	3	/* This many CB invocations to count. */
2651 #define MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED	100	/* Number of counted CBs. */
2652 #define FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV	10	/* Histogram buckets/second. */
2653 #define N_LAUNDERS_HIST (2 * MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV))
2654 
2655 struct rcu_launder_hist {
2656 	long n_launders;
2657 	unsigned long launder_gp_seq;
2658 };
2659 
2660 struct rcu_fwd {
2661 	spinlock_t rcu_fwd_lock;
2662 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2663 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
2664 	long n_launders_cb;
2665 	unsigned long rcu_fwd_startat;
2666 	struct rcu_launder_hist n_launders_hist[N_LAUNDERS_HIST];
2667 	unsigned long rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
2668 	int rcu_fwd_id;
2669 };
2670 
2671 static DEFINE_MUTEX(rcu_fwd_mutex);
2672 static struct rcu_fwd *rcu_fwds;
2673 static unsigned long rcu_fwd_seq;
2674 static atomic_long_t rcu_fwd_max_cbs;
2675 static bool rcu_fwd_emergency_stop;
2676 
2677 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2678 {
2679 	unsigned long gps;
2680 	unsigned long gps_old;
2681 	int i;
2682 	int j;
2683 
2684 	for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1; i > 0; i--)
2685 		if (rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders > 0)
2686 			break;
2687 	pr_alert("%s: Callback-invocation histogram %d (duration %lu jiffies):",
2688 		 __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id, jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat);
2689 	gps_old = rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
2690 	for (j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
2691 		gps = rfp->n_launders_hist[j].launder_gp_seq;
2692 		pr_cont(" %ds/%d: %ld:%ld",
2693 			j + 1, FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV,
2694 			rfp->n_launders_hist[j].n_launders,
2695 			rcutorture_seq_diff(gps, gps_old));
2696 		gps_old = gps;
2697 	}
2698 	pr_cont("\n");
2699 }
2700 
2701 /* Callback function for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
2702 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr(struct rcu_head *rhp)
2703 {
2704 	unsigned long flags;
2705 	int i;
2706 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp = container_of(rhp, struct rcu_fwd_cb, rh);
2707 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rfcpp;
2708 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = rfcp->rfc_rfp;
2709 
2710 	rfcp->rfc_next = NULL;
2711 	rfcp->rfc_gps++;
2712 	spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2713 	rfcpp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
2714 	rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfcp->rfc_next;
2715 	smp_store_release(rfcpp, rfcp);
2716 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb, rfp->n_launders_cb + 1);
2717 	i = ((jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat) / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV));
2718 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist))
2719 		i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1;
2720 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders++;
2721 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].launder_gp_seq = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2722 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2723 }
2724 
2725 // Give the scheduler a chance, even on nohz_full CPUs.
2726 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(unsigned long iter)
2727 {
2728 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPTION) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL)) {
2729 		// Real call_rcu() floods hit userspace, so emulate that.
2730 		if (need_resched() || (iter & 0xfff))
2731 			schedule();
2732 		return;
2733 	}
2734 	// No userspace emulation: CB invocation throttles call_rcu()
2735 	cond_resched();
2736 }
2737 
2738 /*
2739  * Free all callbacks on the rcu_fwd_cb_head list, either because the
2740  * test is over or because we hit an OOM event.
2741  */
2742 static unsigned long rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2743 {
2744 	unsigned long flags;
2745 	unsigned long freed = 0;
2746 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
2747 
2748 	for (;;) {
2749 		spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2750 		rfcp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2751 		if (!rfcp) {
2752 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2753 			break;
2754 		}
2755 		rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcp->rfc_next;
2756 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head)
2757 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2758 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2759 		kfree(rfcp);
2760 		freed++;
2761 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(freed);
2762 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
2763 			local_irq_save(flags);
2764 			rcu_momentary_eqs();
2765 			local_irq_restore(flags);
2766 		}
2767 	}
2768 	return freed;
2769 }
2770 
2771 /* Carry out need_resched()/cond_resched() forward-progress testing. */
2772 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp,
2773 				    int *tested, int *tested_tries)
2774 {
2775 	unsigned long cver;
2776 	unsigned long dur;
2777 	struct fwd_cb_state fcs;
2778 	unsigned long gps;
2779 	int idx;
2780 	int sd;
2781 	int sd4;
2782 	bool selfpropcb = false;
2783 	unsigned long stopat;
2784 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
2785 
2786 	pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2787 	if (!cur_ops->sync)
2788 		return; // Cannot do need_resched() forward progress testing without ->sync.
2789 	if (cur_ops->call && cur_ops->cb_barrier) {
2790 		init_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
2791 		selfpropcb = true;
2792 	}
2793 
2794 	/* Tight loop containing cond_resched(). */
2795 	atomic_inc(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2796 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
2797 	if  (selfpropcb) {
2798 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 0);
2799 		cur_ops->call(&fcs.rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
2800 	}
2801 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
2802 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2803 	sd = cur_ops->stall_dur() + 1;
2804 	sd4 = (sd + fwd_progress_div - 1) / fwd_progress_div;
2805 	dur = sd4 + torture_random(&trs) % (sd - sd4);
2806 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
2807 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + dur;
2808 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2809 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2810 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2811 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
2812 		udelay(10);
2813 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
2814 		if (!fwd_progress_need_resched || need_resched())
2815 			cond_resched();
2816 	}
2817 	(*tested_tries)++;
2818 	if (!time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2819 	    !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2820 	    !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2821 		(*tested)++;
2822 		cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
2823 		gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
2824 		WARN_ON(!cver && gps < 2);
2825 		pr_alert("%s: %d Duration %ld cver %ld gps %ld\n", __func__,
2826 			 rfp->rcu_fwd_id, dur, cver, gps);
2827 	}
2828 	if (selfpropcb) {
2829 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 1);
2830 		cur_ops->sync(); /* Wait for running CB to complete. */
2831 		pr_alert("%s: Waiting for CBs: %pS() %d\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2832 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for queued callbacks. */
2833 	}
2834 
2835 	if (selfpropcb) {
2836 		WARN_ON(READ_ONCE(fcs.stop) != 2);
2837 		destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
2838 	}
2839 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 10); /* Let kthreads recover. */
2840 	atomic_dec(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2841 }
2842 
2843 /* Carry out call_rcu() forward-progress testing. */
2844 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2845 {
2846 	unsigned long cver;
2847 	unsigned long flags;
2848 	unsigned long gps;
2849 	int i;
2850 	long n_launders;
2851 	long n_launders_cb_snap;
2852 	long n_launders_sa;
2853 	long n_max_cbs;
2854 	long n_max_gps;
2855 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
2856 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcpn;
2857 	unsigned long stopat;
2858 	unsigned long stoppedat;
2859 
2860 	pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2861 	if (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop))
2862 		return; /* Get out of the way quickly, no GP wait! */
2863 	if (!cur_ops->call)
2864 		return; /* Can't do call_rcu() fwd prog without ->call. */
2865 
2866 	/* Loop continuously posting RCU callbacks. */
2867 	atomic_inc(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2868 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
2869 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
2870 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES;
2871 	n_launders = 0;
2872 	rfp->n_launders_cb = 0; // Hoist initialization for multi-kthread
2873 	n_launders_sa = 0;
2874 	n_max_cbs = 0;
2875 	n_max_gps = 0;
2876 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist); i++)
2877 		rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders = 0;
2878 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
2879 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2880 	rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start = gps;
2881 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2882 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2883 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2884 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2885 		rfcp = READ_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head);
2886 		rfcpn = NULL;
2887 		if (rfcp)
2888 			rfcpn = READ_ONCE(rfcp->rfc_next);
2889 		if (rfcpn) {
2890 			if (rfcp->rfc_gps >= MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS &&
2891 			    ++n_max_gps >= MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED)
2892 				break;
2893 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcpn;
2894 			n_launders++;
2895 			n_launders_sa++;
2896 		} else if (!cur_ops->cbflood_max || cur_ops->cbflood_max > n_max_cbs) {
2897 			rfcp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rfcp), GFP_KERNEL);
2898 			if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rfcp)) {
2899 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
2900 				continue;
2901 			}
2902 			n_max_cbs++;
2903 			n_launders_sa = 0;
2904 			rfcp->rfc_gps = 0;
2905 			rfcp->rfc_rfp = rfp;
2906 		} else {
2907 			rfcp = NULL;
2908 		}
2909 		if (rfcp)
2910 			cur_ops->call(&rfcp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr);
2911 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(n_launders + n_max_cbs);
2912 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
2913 			local_irq_save(flags);
2914 			rcu_momentary_eqs();
2915 			local_irq_restore(flags);
2916 		}
2917 	}
2918 	stoppedat = jiffies;
2919 	n_launders_cb_snap = READ_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb);
2920 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
2921 	gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
2922 	pr_alert("%s: Waiting for CBs: %pS() %d\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2923 	cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for callbacks to be invoked. */
2924 	(void)rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(rfp);
2925 
2926 	if (!torture_must_stop() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) &&
2927 	    !shutdown_time_arrived()) {
2928 		if (WARN_ON(n_max_gps < MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED) && cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
2929 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
2930 		pr_alert("%s Duration %lu barrier: %lu pending %ld n_launders: %ld n_launders_sa: %ld n_max_gps: %ld n_max_cbs: %ld cver %ld gps %ld #online %u\n",
2931 			 __func__,
2932 			 stoppedat - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies - stoppedat,
2933 			 n_launders + n_max_cbs - n_launders_cb_snap,
2934 			 n_launders, n_launders_sa,
2935 			 n_max_gps, n_max_cbs, cver, gps, num_online_cpus());
2936 		atomic_long_add(n_max_cbs, &rcu_fwd_max_cbs);
2937 		mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex); // Serialize histograms.
2938 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(rfp);
2939 		mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2940 	}
2941 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ); /* Let CBs drain. */
2942 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2943 	atomic_dec(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2944 }
2945 
2946 
2947 /*
2948  * OOM notifier, but this only prints diagnostic information for the
2949  * current forward-progress test.
2950  */
2951 static int rcutorture_oom_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
2952 				 unsigned long notused, void *nfreed)
2953 {
2954 	int i;
2955 	long ncbs;
2956 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2957 
2958 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2959 	rfp = rcu_fwds;
2960 	if (!rfp) {
2961 		mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2962 		return NOTIFY_OK;
2963 	}
2964 	WARN(1, "%s invoked upon OOM during forward-progress testing.\n",
2965 	     __func__);
2966 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
2967 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(&rfp[i]);
2968 		rcu_fwd_progress_check(1 + (jiffies - READ_ONCE(rfp[i].rcu_fwd_startat)) / 2);
2969 	}
2970 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, true);
2971 	smp_mb(); /* Emergency stop before free and wait to avoid hangs. */
2972 	ncbs = 0;
2973 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2974 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2975 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2976 	cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2977 	ncbs = 0;
2978 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2979 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2980 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2981 	cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2982 	ncbs = 0;
2983 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2984 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2985 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2986 	smp_mb(); /* Frees before return to avoid redoing OOM. */
2987 	(*(unsigned long *)nfreed)++; /* Forward progress CBs freed! */
2988 	pr_info("%s returning after OOM processing.\n", __func__);
2989 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2990 	return NOTIFY_OK;
2991 }
2992 
2993 static struct notifier_block rcutorture_oom_nb = {
2994 	.notifier_call = rcutorture_oom_notify
2995 };
2996 
2997 /* Carry out grace-period forward-progress testing. */
2998 static int rcu_torture_fwd_prog(void *args)
2999 {
3000 	bool firsttime = true;
3001 	long max_cbs;
3002 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
3003 	unsigned long oldseq = READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq);
3004 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = args;
3005 	int tested = 0;
3006 	int tested_tries = 0;
3007 
3008 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_progress task started");
3009 	rcu_bind_current_to_nocb();
3010 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP) || !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST))
3011 		set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3012 	do {
3013 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_id) {
3014 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(fwd_progress_holdoff * HZ);
3015 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, false);
3016 			if (!firsttime) {
3017 				max_cbs = atomic_long_xchg(&rcu_fwd_max_cbs, 0);
3018 				pr_alert("%s n_max_cbs: %ld\n", __func__, max_cbs);
3019 			}
3020 			firsttime = false;
3021 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq, rcu_fwd_seq + 1);
3022 		} else {
3023 			while (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq) == oldseq && !torture_must_stop())
3024 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 20);
3025 			oldseq = READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq);
3026 		}
3027 		pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
3028 		if (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() && torture_num_online_cpus() > rfp->rcu_fwd_id)
3029 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(rfp);
3030 		if ((cur_ops->stall_dur && cur_ops->stall_dur() > 0) &&
3031 		    (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_RCU) ||
3032 		     (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() &&
3033 		      torture_num_online_cpus() > rfp->rcu_fwd_id)))
3034 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(rfp, &tested, &tested_tries);
3035 
3036 		/* Avoid slow periods, better to test when busy. */
3037 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fwd_prog"))
3038 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
3039 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
3040 	/* Short runs might not contain a valid forward-progress attempt. */
3041 	if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_id) {
3042 		WARN_ON(!tested && tested_tries >= 5);
3043 		pr_alert("%s: tested %d tested_tries %d\n", __func__, tested, tested_tries);
3044 	}
3045 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fwd_prog");
3046 	return 0;
3047 }
3048 
3049 /* If forward-progress checking is requested and feasible, spawn the thread. */
3050 static int __init rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init(void)
3051 {
3052 	int i;
3053 	int ret = 0;
3054 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
3055 
3056 	if (!fwd_progress)
3057 		return 0; /* Not requested, so don't do it. */
3058 	if (fwd_progress >= nr_cpu_ids) {
3059 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Limiting fwd_progress to # CPUs.\n");
3060 		fwd_progress = nr_cpu_ids;
3061 	} else if (fwd_progress < 0) {
3062 		fwd_progress = nr_cpu_ids;
3063 	}
3064 	if ((!cur_ops->sync && !cur_ops->call) ||
3065 	    (!cur_ops->cbflood_max && (!cur_ops->stall_dur || cur_ops->stall_dur() <= 0)) ||
3066 	    cur_ops == &rcu_busted_ops) {
3067 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, unsupported by RCU flavor under test");
3068 		fwd_progress = 0;
3069 		return 0;
3070 	}
3071 	if (stall_cpu > 0) {
3072 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, conflicts with CPU-stall testing");
3073 		fwd_progress = 0;
3074 		if (IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST))
3075 			return -EINVAL; /* In module, can fail back to user. */
3076 		WARN_ON(1); /* Make sure rcutorture notices conflict. */
3077 		return 0;
3078 	}
3079 	if (fwd_progress_holdoff <= 0)
3080 		fwd_progress_holdoff = 1;
3081 	if (fwd_progress_div <= 0)
3082 		fwd_progress_div = 4;
3083 	rfp = kcalloc(fwd_progress, sizeof(*rfp), GFP_KERNEL);
3084 	fwd_prog_tasks = kcalloc(fwd_progress, sizeof(*fwd_prog_tasks), GFP_KERNEL);
3085 	if (!rfp || !fwd_prog_tasks) {
3086 		kfree(rfp);
3087 		kfree(fwd_prog_tasks);
3088 		fwd_prog_tasks = NULL;
3089 		fwd_progress = 0;
3090 		return -ENOMEM;
3091 	}
3092 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
3093 		spin_lock_init(&rfp[i].rcu_fwd_lock);
3094 		rfp[i].rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp[i].rcu_fwd_cb_head;
3095 		rfp[i].rcu_fwd_id = i;
3096 	}
3097 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3098 	rcu_fwds = rfp;
3099 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3100 	register_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
3101 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
3102 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, &rcu_fwds[i], fwd_prog_tasks[i]);
3103 		if (ret) {
3104 			fwd_progress = i;
3105 			return ret;
3106 		}
3107 	}
3108 	return 0;
3109 }
3110 
3111 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cleanup(void)
3112 {
3113 	int i;
3114 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
3115 
3116 	if (!rcu_fwds || !fwd_prog_tasks)
3117 		return;
3118 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
3119 		torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, fwd_prog_tasks[i]);
3120 	unregister_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
3121 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3122 	rfp = rcu_fwds;
3123 	rcu_fwds = NULL;
3124 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3125 	kfree(rfp);
3126 	kfree(fwd_prog_tasks);
3127 	fwd_prog_tasks = NULL;
3128 }
3129 
3130 /* Callback function for RCU barrier testing. */
3131 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cbf(struct rcu_head *rcu)
3132 {
3133 	atomic_inc(&barrier_cbs_invoked);
3134 }
3135 
3136 /* IPI handler to get callback posted on desired CPU, if online. */
3137 static int rcu_torture_barrier1cb(void *rcu_void)
3138 {
3139 	struct rcu_head *rhp = rcu_void;
3140 
3141 	cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
3142 	return 0;
3143 }
3144 
3145 /* kthread function to register callbacks used to test RCU barriers. */
3146 static int rcu_torture_barrier_cbs(void *arg)
3147 {
3148 	long myid = (long)arg;
3149 	bool lastphase = false;
3150 	bool newphase;
3151 	struct rcu_head rcu;
3152 
3153 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
3154 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs task started");
3155 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3156 	do {
3157 		wait_event(barrier_cbs_wq[myid],
3158 			   (newphase =
3159 			    smp_load_acquire(&barrier_phase)) != lastphase ||
3160 			   torture_must_stop());
3161 		lastphase = newphase;
3162 		if (torture_must_stop())
3163 			break;
3164 		/*
3165 		 * The above smp_load_acquire() ensures barrier_phase load
3166 		 * is ordered before the following ->call().
3167 		 */
3168 		if (smp_call_on_cpu(myid, rcu_torture_barrier1cb, &rcu, 1))
3169 			cur_ops->call(&rcu, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
3170 
3171 		if (atomic_dec_and_test(&barrier_cbs_count))
3172 			wake_up(&barrier_wq);
3173 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
3174 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL)
3175 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3176 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
3177 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs");
3178 	return 0;
3179 }
3180 
3181 /* kthread function to drive and coordinate RCU barrier testing. */
3182 static int rcu_torture_barrier(void *arg)
3183 {
3184 	int i;
3185 
3186 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier task starting");
3187 	do {
3188 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
3189 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, n_barrier_cbs);
3190 		/* Ensure barrier_phase ordered after prior assignments. */
3191 		smp_store_release(&barrier_phase, !barrier_phase);
3192 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
3193 			wake_up(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
3194 		wait_event(barrier_wq,
3195 			   atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_count) == 0 ||
3196 			   torture_must_stop());
3197 		if (torture_must_stop())
3198 			break;
3199 		n_barrier_attempts++;
3200 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Implies smp_mb() for wait_event(). */
3201 		if (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) != n_barrier_cbs) {
3202 			n_rcu_torture_barrier_error++;
3203 			pr_err("barrier_cbs_invoked = %d, n_barrier_cbs = %d\n",
3204 			       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked),
3205 			       n_barrier_cbs);
3206 			WARN_ON(1);
3207 			// Wait manually for the remaining callbacks
3208 			i = 0;
3209 			do {
3210 				if (WARN_ON(i++ > HZ))
3211 					i = INT_MIN;
3212 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
3213 				cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3214 			} while (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) !=
3215 				 n_barrier_cbs &&
3216 				 !torture_must_stop());
3217 			smp_mb(); // Can't trust ordering if broken.
3218 			if (!torture_must_stop())
3219 				pr_err("Recovered: barrier_cbs_invoked = %d\n",
3220 				       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked));
3221 		} else {
3222 			n_barrier_successes++;
3223 		}
3224 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
3225 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
3226 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier");
3227 	return 0;
3228 }
3229 
3230 /* Initialize RCU barrier testing. */
3231 static int rcu_torture_barrier_init(void)
3232 {
3233 	int i;
3234 	int ret;
3235 
3236 	if (n_barrier_cbs <= 0)
3237 		return 0;
3238 	if (cur_ops->call == NULL || cur_ops->cb_barrier == NULL) {
3239 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
3240 			 " Call or barrier ops missing for %s,\n",
3241 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
3242 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
3243 			 " RCU barrier testing omitted from run.\n",
3244 			 torture_type);
3245 		return 0;
3246 	}
3247 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, 0);
3248 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
3249 	barrier_cbs_tasks =
3250 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_tasks[0]),
3251 			GFP_KERNEL);
3252 	barrier_cbs_wq =
3253 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_wq[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
3254 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks == NULL || !barrier_cbs_wq)
3255 		return -ENOMEM;
3256 	for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++) {
3257 		init_waitqueue_head(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
3258 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
3259 					     (void *)(long)i,
3260 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
3261 		if (ret)
3262 			return ret;
3263 	}
3264 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, NULL, barrier_task);
3265 }
3266 
3267 /* Clean up after RCU barrier testing. */
3268 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup(void)
3269 {
3270 	int i;
3271 
3272 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, barrier_task);
3273 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks != NULL) {
3274 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
3275 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
3276 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
3277 		kfree(barrier_cbs_tasks);
3278 		barrier_cbs_tasks = NULL;
3279 	}
3280 	if (barrier_cbs_wq != NULL) {
3281 		kfree(barrier_cbs_wq);
3282 		barrier_cbs_wq = NULL;
3283 	}
3284 }
3285 
3286 static bool rcu_torture_can_boost(void)
3287 {
3288 	static int boost_warn_once;
3289 	int prio;
3290 
3291 	if (!(test_boost == 1 && cur_ops->can_boost) && test_boost != 2)
3292 		return false;
3293 	if (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
3294 		return false;
3295 
3296 	prio = rcu_get_gp_kthreads_prio();
3297 	if (!prio)
3298 		return false;
3299 
3300 	if (prio < 2) {
3301 		if (boost_warn_once == 1)
3302 			return false;
3303 
3304 		pr_alert("%s: WARN: RCU kthread priority too low to test boosting.  Skipping RCU boost test. Try passing rcutree.kthread_prio > 1 on the kernel command line.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3305 		boost_warn_once = 1;
3306 		return false;
3307 	}
3308 
3309 	return true;
3310 }
3311 
3312 static bool read_exit_child_stop;
3313 static bool read_exit_child_stopped;
3314 static wait_queue_head_t read_exit_wq;
3315 
3316 // Child kthread which just does an rcutorture reader and exits.
3317 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_child(void *trsp_in)
3318 {
3319 	struct torture_random_state *trsp = trsp_in;
3320 
3321 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3322 	// Minimize time between reading and exiting.
3323 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
3324 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 20);
3325 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(trsp, -1);
3326 	return 0;
3327 }
3328 
3329 // Parent kthread which creates and destroys read-exit child kthreads.
3330 static int rcu_torture_read_exit(void *unused)
3331 {
3332 	bool errexit = false;
3333 	int i;
3334 	struct task_struct *tsp;
3335 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
3336 
3337 	// Allocate and initialize.
3338 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3339 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of test");
3340 
3341 	// Each pass through this loop does one read-exit episode.
3342 	do {
3343 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of episode");
3344 		for (i = 0; i < read_exit_burst; i++) {
3345 			if (READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
3346 				break;
3347 			stutter_wait("rcu_torture_read_exit");
3348 			// Spawn child.
3349 			tsp = kthread_run(rcu_torture_read_exit_child,
3350 					  &trs, "%s", "rcu_torture_read_exit_child");
3351 			if (IS_ERR(tsp)) {
3352 				TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3353 				errexit = true;
3354 				break;
3355 			}
3356 			cond_resched();
3357 			kthread_stop(tsp);
3358 			n_read_exits++;
3359 		}
3360 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: End of episode");
3361 		rcu_barrier(); // Wait for task_struct free, avoid OOM.
3362 		i = 0;
3363 		for (; !errexit && !READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop) && i < read_exit_delay; i++)
3364 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
3365 	} while (!errexit && !READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop));
3366 
3367 	// Clean up and exit.
3368 	smp_store_release(&read_exit_child_stopped, true); // After reaping.
3369 	smp_mb(); // Store before wakeup.
3370 	wake_up(&read_exit_wq);
3371 	while (!torture_must_stop())
3372 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 20);
3373 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_read_exit");
3374 	return 0;
3375 }
3376 
3377 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_init(void)
3378 {
3379 	if (read_exit_burst <= 0)
3380 		return 0;
3381 	init_waitqueue_head(&read_exit_wq);
3382 	read_exit_child_stop = false;
3383 	read_exit_child_stopped = false;
3384 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_read_exit, NULL,
3385 				      read_exit_task);
3386 }
3387 
3388 static void rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup(void)
3389 {
3390 	if (!read_exit_task)
3391 		return;
3392 	WRITE_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop, true);
3393 	smp_mb(); // Above write before wait.
3394 	wait_event(read_exit_wq, smp_load_acquire(&read_exit_child_stopped));
3395 	torture_stop_kthread(rcutorture_read_exit, read_exit_task);
3396 }
3397 
3398 static void rcutorture_test_nmis(int n)
3399 {
3400 #if IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)
3401 	int cpu;
3402 	int dumpcpu;
3403 	int i;
3404 
3405 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
3406 		preempt_disable();
3407 		cpu = smp_processor_id();
3408 		dumpcpu = cpu + 1;
3409 		if (dumpcpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
3410 			dumpcpu = 0;
3411 		pr_alert("%s: CPU %d invoking dump_cpu_task(%d)\n", __func__, cpu, dumpcpu);
3412 		dump_cpu_task(dumpcpu);
3413 		preempt_enable();
3414 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(15 * HZ);
3415 	}
3416 #else // #if IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)
3417 	WARN_ONCE(n, "Non-zero rcutorture.test_nmis=%d permitted only when rcutorture is built in.\n", test_nmis);
3418 #endif // #else // #if IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)
3419 }
3420 
3421 static enum cpuhp_state rcutor_hp;
3422 
3423 static void
3424 rcu_torture_cleanup(void)
3425 {
3426 	int firsttime;
3427 	int flags = 0;
3428 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
3429 	int i;
3430 
3431 	if (torture_cleanup_begin()) {
3432 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL) {
3433 			pr_info("%s: Invoking %pS().\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier);
3434 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3435 		}
3436 		if (cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister)
3437 			cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister(NULL);
3438 		return;
3439 	}
3440 	if (!cur_ops) {
3441 		torture_cleanup_end();
3442 		return;
3443 	}
3444 
3445 	rcutorture_test_nmis(test_nmis);
3446 
3447 	if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
3448 		cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
3449 	rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup();
3450 	rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup();
3451 	rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cleanup();
3452 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, stall_task);
3453 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, writer_task);
3454 
3455 	if (nocb_tasks) {
3456 		for (i = 0; i < nrealnocbers; i++)
3457 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_nocb_toggle, nocb_tasks[i]);
3458 		kfree(nocb_tasks);
3459 		nocb_tasks = NULL;
3460 	}
3461 
3462 	if (reader_tasks) {
3463 		for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++)
3464 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_reader,
3465 					     reader_tasks[i]);
3466 		kfree(reader_tasks);
3467 		reader_tasks = NULL;
3468 	}
3469 	kfree(rcu_torture_reader_mbchk);
3470 	rcu_torture_reader_mbchk = NULL;
3471 
3472 	if (fakewriter_tasks) {
3473 		for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++)
3474 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
3475 					     fakewriter_tasks[i]);
3476 		kfree(fakewriter_tasks);
3477 		fakewriter_tasks = NULL;
3478 	}
3479 
3480 	if (cur_ops->get_gp_data)
3481 		cur_ops->get_gp_data(&flags, &gp_seq);
3482 	pr_alert("%s:  End-test grace-period state: g%ld f%#x total-gps=%ld\n",
3483 		 cur_ops->name, (long)gp_seq, flags,
3484 		 rcutorture_seq_diff(gp_seq, start_gp_seq));
3485 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, stats_task);
3486 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, fqs_task);
3487 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost() && rcutor_hp >= 0)
3488 		cpuhp_remove_state(rcutor_hp);
3489 
3490 	/*
3491 	 * Wait for all RCU callbacks to fire, then do torture-type-specific
3492 	 * cleanup operations.
3493 	 */
3494 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL) {
3495 		pr_info("%s: Invoking %pS().\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier);
3496 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3497 	}
3498 	if (cur_ops->cleanup != NULL)
3499 		cur_ops->cleanup();
3500 
3501 	rcu_torture_mem_dump_obj();
3502 
3503 	rcu_torture_stats_print();  /* -After- the stats thread is stopped! */
3504 
3505 	if (err_segs_recorded) {
3506 		pr_alert("Failure/close-call rcutorture reader segments:\n");
3507 		if (rt_read_nsegs == 0)
3508 			pr_alert("\t: No segments recorded!!!\n");
3509 		firsttime = 1;
3510 		for (i = 0; i < rt_read_nsegs; i++) {
3511 			pr_alert("\t%d: %#x ", i, err_segs[i].rt_readstate);
3512 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies != 0) {
3513 				pr_cont("%s%ldjiffies", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3514 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies);
3515 				firsttime = 0;
3516 			}
3517 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms != 0) {
3518 				pr_cont("%s%ldms", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3519 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms);
3520 				firsttime = 0;
3521 			}
3522 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_us != 0) {
3523 				pr_cont("%s%ldus", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3524 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_us);
3525 				firsttime = 0;
3526 			}
3527 			pr_cont("%s\n",
3528 				err_segs[i].rt_preempted ? "preempted" : "");
3529 
3530 		}
3531 	}
3532 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_error) || n_rcu_torture_barrier_error)
3533 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: FAILURE");
3534 	else if (torture_onoff_failures())
3535 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops,
3536 					       "End of test: RCU_HOTPLUG");
3537 	else
3538 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: SUCCESS");
3539 	torture_cleanup_end();
3540 	if (cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister)
3541 		cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister(NULL);
3542 }
3543 
3544 static void rcu_torture_leak_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
3545 {
3546 }
3547 
3548 static void rcu_torture_err_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
3549 {
3550 	/*
3551 	 * This -might- happen due to race conditions, but is unlikely.
3552 	 * The scenario that leads to this happening is that the
3553 	 * first of the pair of duplicate callbacks is queued,
3554 	 * someone else starts a grace period that includes that
3555 	 * callback, then the second of the pair must wait for the
3556 	 * next grace period.  Unlikely, but can happen.  If it
3557 	 * does happen, the debug-objects subsystem won't have splatted.
3558 	 */
3559 	pr_alert("%s: duplicated callback was invoked.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3560 }
3561 
3562 /*
3563  * Verify that double-free causes debug-objects to complain, but only
3564  * if CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=y.  Otherwise, say that the test
3565  * cannot be carried out.
3566  */
3567 static void rcu_test_debug_objects(void)
3568 {
3569 	struct rcu_head rh1;
3570 	struct rcu_head rh2;
3571 	int idx;
3572 
3573 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD)) {
3574 		pr_alert("%s: !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, not testing duplicate call_%s()\n",
3575 					KBUILD_MODNAME, cur_ops->name);
3576 		return;
3577 	}
3578 
3579 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(cur_ops->debug_objects &&
3580 			(!cur_ops->call || !cur_ops->cb_barrier)))
3581 		return;
3582 
3583 	struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
3584 
3585 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
3586 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
3587 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_%s() test starting.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME, cur_ops->name);
3588 
3589 	/* Try to queue the rh2 pair of callbacks for the same grace period. */
3590 	idx = cur_ops->readlock(); /* Make it impossible to finish a grace period. */
3591 	cur_ops->call(&rh1, rcu_torture_leak_cb); /* Start grace period. */
3592 	cur_ops->call(&rh2, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
3593 	cur_ops->call(&rh2, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Duplicate callback. */
3594 	if (rhp) {
3595 		cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
3596 		cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Another duplicate callback. */
3597 	}
3598 	cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
3599 
3600 	/* Wait for them all to get done so we can safely return. */
3601 	cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3602 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_%s() test complete.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME, cur_ops->name);
3603 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
3604 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
3605 	kfree(rhp);
3606 }
3607 
3608 static void rcutorture_sync(void)
3609 {
3610 	static unsigned long n;
3611 
3612 	if (cur_ops->sync && !(++n & 0xfff))
3613 		cur_ops->sync();
3614 }
3615 
3616 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut0);
3617 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut1);
3618 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut2);
3619 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut3);
3620 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut4);
3621 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut5);
3622 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut6);
3623 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut7);
3624 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut8);
3625 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut9);
3626 
3627 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem0);
3628 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem1);
3629 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem2);
3630 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem3);
3631 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem4);
3632 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem5);
3633 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem6);
3634 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem7);
3635 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem8);
3636 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem9);
3637 
3638 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu0);
3639 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu1);
3640 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu2);
3641 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu3);
3642 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu4);
3643 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu5);
3644 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu6);
3645 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu7);
3646 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu8);
3647 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu9);
3648 
3649 static int srcu_lockdep_next(const char *f, const char *fl, const char *fs, const char *fu, int i,
3650 			     int cyclelen, int deadlock)
3651 {
3652 	int j = i + 1;
3653 
3654 	if (j >= cyclelen)
3655 		j = deadlock ? 0 : -1;
3656 	if (j >= 0)
3657 		pr_info("%s: %s(%d), %s(%d), %s(%d)\n", f, fl, i, fs, j, fu, i);
3658 	else
3659 		pr_info("%s: %s(%d), %s(%d)\n", f, fl, i, fu, i);
3660 	return j;
3661 }
3662 
3663 // Test lockdep on SRCU-based deadlock scenarios.
3664 static void rcu_torture_init_srcu_lockdep(void)
3665 {
3666 	int cyclelen;
3667 	int deadlock;
3668 	bool err = false;
3669 	int i;
3670 	int j;
3671 	int idx;
3672 	struct mutex *muts[] = { &mut0, &mut1, &mut2, &mut3, &mut4,
3673 				 &mut5, &mut6, &mut7, &mut8, &mut9 };
3674 	struct rw_semaphore *rwsems[] = { &rwsem0, &rwsem1, &rwsem2, &rwsem3, &rwsem4,
3675 					  &rwsem5, &rwsem6, &rwsem7, &rwsem8, &rwsem9 };
3676 	struct srcu_struct *srcus[] = { &srcu0, &srcu1, &srcu2, &srcu3, &srcu4,
3677 					&srcu5, &srcu6, &srcu7, &srcu8, &srcu9 };
3678 	int testtype;
3679 
3680 	if (!test_srcu_lockdep)
3681 		return;
3682 
3683 	deadlock = test_srcu_lockdep / 1000;
3684 	testtype = (test_srcu_lockdep / 10) % 100;
3685 	cyclelen = test_srcu_lockdep % 10;
3686 	WARN_ON_ONCE(ARRAY_SIZE(muts) != ARRAY_SIZE(srcus));
3687 	if (WARN_ONCE(deadlock != !!deadlock,
3688 		      "%s: test_srcu_lockdep=%d and deadlock digit %d must be zero or one.\n",
3689 		      __func__, test_srcu_lockdep, deadlock))
3690 		err = true;
3691 	if (WARN_ONCE(cyclelen <= 0,
3692 		      "%s: test_srcu_lockdep=%d and cycle-length digit %d must be greater than zero.\n",
3693 		      __func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen))
3694 		err = true;
3695 	if (err)
3696 		goto err_out;
3697 
3698 	if (testtype == 0) {
3699 		pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d: SRCU %d-way %sdeadlock.\n",
3700 			__func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen, deadlock ? "" : "non-");
3701 		if (deadlock && cyclelen == 1)
3702 			pr_info("%s: Expect hang.\n", __func__);
3703 		for (i = 0; i < cyclelen; i++) {
3704 			j = srcu_lockdep_next(__func__, "srcu_read_lock", "synchronize_srcu",
3705 					      "srcu_read_unlock", i, cyclelen, deadlock);
3706 			idx = srcu_read_lock(srcus[i]);
3707 			if (j >= 0)
3708 				synchronize_srcu(srcus[j]);
3709 			srcu_read_unlock(srcus[i], idx);
3710 		}
3711 		return;
3712 	}
3713 
3714 	if (testtype == 1) {
3715 		pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d: SRCU/mutex %d-way %sdeadlock.\n",
3716 			__func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen, deadlock ? "" : "non-");
3717 		for (i = 0; i < cyclelen; i++) {
3718 			pr_info("%s: srcu_read_lock(%d), mutex_lock(%d), mutex_unlock(%d), srcu_read_unlock(%d)\n",
3719 				__func__, i, i, i, i);
3720 			idx = srcu_read_lock(srcus[i]);
3721 			mutex_lock(muts[i]);
3722 			mutex_unlock(muts[i]);
3723 			srcu_read_unlock(srcus[i], idx);
3724 
3725 			j = srcu_lockdep_next(__func__, "mutex_lock", "synchronize_srcu",
3726 					      "mutex_unlock", i, cyclelen, deadlock);
3727 			mutex_lock(muts[i]);
3728 			if (j >= 0)
3729 				synchronize_srcu(srcus[j]);
3730 			mutex_unlock(muts[i]);
3731 		}
3732 		return;
3733 	}
3734 
3735 	if (testtype == 2) {
3736 		pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d: SRCU/rwsem %d-way %sdeadlock.\n",
3737 			__func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen, deadlock ? "" : "non-");
3738 		for (i = 0; i < cyclelen; i++) {
3739 			pr_info("%s: srcu_read_lock(%d), down_read(%d), up_read(%d), srcu_read_unlock(%d)\n",
3740 				__func__, i, i, i, i);
3741 			idx = srcu_read_lock(srcus[i]);
3742 			down_read(rwsems[i]);
3743 			up_read(rwsems[i]);
3744 			srcu_read_unlock(srcus[i], idx);
3745 
3746 			j = srcu_lockdep_next(__func__, "down_write", "synchronize_srcu",
3747 					      "up_write", i, cyclelen, deadlock);
3748 			down_write(rwsems[i]);
3749 			if (j >= 0)
3750 				synchronize_srcu(srcus[j]);
3751 			up_write(rwsems[i]);
3752 		}
3753 		return;
3754 	}
3755 
3756 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
3757 	if (testtype == 3) {
3758 		pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d: SRCU and Tasks Trace RCU %d-way %sdeadlock.\n",
3759 			__func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen, deadlock ? "" : "non-");
3760 		if (deadlock && cyclelen == 1)
3761 			pr_info("%s: Expect hang.\n", __func__);
3762 		for (i = 0; i < cyclelen; i++) {
3763 			char *fl = i == 0 ? "rcu_read_lock_trace" : "srcu_read_lock";
3764 			char *fs = i == cyclelen - 1 ? "synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace"
3765 						     : "synchronize_srcu";
3766 			char *fu = i == 0 ? "rcu_read_unlock_trace" : "srcu_read_unlock";
3767 
3768 			j = srcu_lockdep_next(__func__, fl, fs, fu, i, cyclelen, deadlock);
3769 			if (i == 0)
3770 				rcu_read_lock_trace();
3771 			else
3772 				idx = srcu_read_lock(srcus[i]);
3773 			if (j >= 0) {
3774 				if (i == cyclelen - 1)
3775 					synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace();
3776 				else
3777 					synchronize_srcu(srcus[j]);
3778 			}
3779 			if (i == 0)
3780 				rcu_read_unlock_trace();
3781 			else
3782 				srcu_read_unlock(srcus[i], idx);
3783 		}
3784 		return;
3785 	}
3786 #endif // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
3787 
3788 err_out:
3789 	pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d does nothing.\n", __func__, test_srcu_lockdep);
3790 	pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = DNNL.\n", __func__);
3791 	pr_info("%s: D: Deadlock if nonzero.\n", __func__);
3792 	pr_info("%s: NN: Test number, 0=SRCU, 1=SRCU/mutex, 2=SRCU/rwsem, 3=SRCU/Tasks Trace RCU.\n", __func__);
3793 	pr_info("%s: L: Cycle length.\n", __func__);
3794 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU))
3795 		pr_info("%s: NN=3 disallowed because kernel is built with CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU=n\n", __func__);
3796 }
3797 
3798 static int __init
3799 rcu_torture_init(void)
3800 {
3801 	long i;
3802 	int cpu;
3803 	int firsterr = 0;
3804 	int flags = 0;
3805 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
3806 	static struct rcu_torture_ops *torture_ops[] = {
3807 		&rcu_ops, &rcu_busted_ops, &srcu_ops, &srcud_ops, &busted_srcud_ops,
3808 		TASKS_OPS TASKS_RUDE_OPS TASKS_TRACING_OPS
3809 		&trivial_ops,
3810 	};
3811 
3812 	if (!torture_init_begin(torture_type, verbose))
3813 		return -EBUSY;
3814 
3815 	/* Process args and tell the world that the torturer is on the job. */
3816 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++) {
3817 		cur_ops = torture_ops[i];
3818 		if (strcmp(torture_type, cur_ops->name) == 0)
3819 			break;
3820 	}
3821 	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops)) {
3822 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: invalid torture type: \"%s\"\n",
3823 			 torture_type);
3824 		pr_alert("rcu-torture types:");
3825 		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++)
3826 			pr_cont(" %s", torture_ops[i]->name);
3827 		pr_cont("\n");
3828 		firsterr = -EINVAL;
3829 		cur_ops = NULL;
3830 		goto unwind;
3831 	}
3832 	if (cur_ops->fqs == NULL && fqs_duration != 0) {
3833 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: ->fqs NULL and non-zero fqs_duration, fqs disabled.\n");
3834 		fqs_duration = 0;
3835 	}
3836 	if (nocbs_nthreads != 0 && (cur_ops != &rcu_ops ||
3837 				    !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU))) {
3838 		pr_alert("rcu-torture types: %s and CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=%d, nocb toggle disabled.\n",
3839 			 cur_ops->name, IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU));
3840 		nocbs_nthreads = 0;
3841 	}
3842 	if (cur_ops->init)
3843 		cur_ops->init();
3844 
3845 	rcu_torture_init_srcu_lockdep();
3846 
3847 	if (nreaders >= 0) {
3848 		nrealreaders = nreaders;
3849 	} else {
3850 		nrealreaders = num_online_cpus() - 2 - nreaders;
3851 		if (nrealreaders <= 0)
3852 			nrealreaders = 1;
3853 	}
3854 	rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "Start of test");
3855 	if (cur_ops->get_gp_data)
3856 		cur_ops->get_gp_data(&flags, &gp_seq);
3857 	start_gp_seq = gp_seq;
3858 	pr_alert("%s:  Start-test grace-period state: g%ld f%#x\n",
3859 		 cur_ops->name, (long)gp_seq, flags);
3860 
3861 	/* Set up the freelist. */
3862 
3863 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_freelist);
3864 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++) {
3865 		rcu_tortures[i].rtort_mbtest = 0;
3866 		list_add_tail(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free,
3867 			      &rcu_torture_freelist);
3868 	}
3869 
3870 	/* Initialize the statistics so that each run gets its own numbers. */
3871 
3872 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;
3873 	rcu_torture_current_version = 0;
3874 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc, 0);
3875 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail, 0);
3876 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_free, 0);
3877 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mberror, 0);
3878 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail, 0);
3879 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries, 0);
3880 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_error, 0);
3881 	n_rcu_torture_barrier_error = 0;
3882 	n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror = 0;
3883 	n_rcu_torture_boost_failure = 0;
3884 	n_rcu_torture_boosts = 0;
3885 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
3886 		atomic_set(&rcu_torture_wcount[i], 0);
3887 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
3888 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
3889 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i] = 0;
3890 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i] = 0;
3891 		}
3892 	}
3893 	err_segs_recorded = 0;
3894 	rt_read_nsegs = 0;
3895 
3896 	/* Start up the kthreads. */
3897 
3898 	rcu_torture_write_types();
3899 	firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, NULL,
3900 					  writer_task);
3901 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3902 		goto unwind;
3903 	if (nfakewriters > 0) {
3904 		fakewriter_tasks = kcalloc(nfakewriters,
3905 					   sizeof(fakewriter_tasks[0]),
3906 					   GFP_KERNEL);
3907 		if (fakewriter_tasks == NULL) {
3908 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3909 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3910 			goto unwind;
3911 		}
3912 	}
3913 	for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++) {
3914 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
3915 						  NULL, fakewriter_tasks[i]);
3916 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3917 			goto unwind;
3918 	}
3919 	reader_tasks = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(reader_tasks[0]),
3920 			       GFP_KERNEL);
3921 	rcu_torture_reader_mbchk = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(*rcu_torture_reader_mbchk),
3922 					   GFP_KERNEL);
3923 	if (!reader_tasks || !rcu_torture_reader_mbchk) {
3924 		TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3925 		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3926 		goto unwind;
3927 	}
3928 	for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
3929 		rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[i].rtc_chkrdr = -1;
3930 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_reader, (void *)i,
3931 						  reader_tasks[i]);
3932 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3933 			goto unwind;
3934 	}
3935 	nrealnocbers = nocbs_nthreads;
3936 	if (WARN_ON(nrealnocbers < 0))
3937 		nrealnocbers = 1;
3938 	if (WARN_ON(nocbs_toggle < 0))
3939 		nocbs_toggle = HZ;
3940 	if (nrealnocbers > 0) {
3941 		nocb_tasks = kcalloc(nrealnocbers, sizeof(nocb_tasks[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
3942 		if (nocb_tasks == NULL) {
3943 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3944 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3945 			goto unwind;
3946 		}
3947 	} else {
3948 		nocb_tasks = NULL;
3949 	}
3950 	for (i = 0; i < nrealnocbers; i++) {
3951 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_nocb_toggle, NULL, nocb_tasks[i]);
3952 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3953 			goto unwind;
3954 	}
3955 	if (stat_interval > 0) {
3956 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, NULL,
3957 						  stats_task);
3958 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3959 			goto unwind;
3960 	}
3961 	if (test_no_idle_hz && shuffle_interval > 0) {
3962 		firsterr = torture_shuffle_init(shuffle_interval * HZ);
3963 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3964 			goto unwind;
3965 	}
3966 	if (stutter < 0)
3967 		stutter = 0;
3968 	if (stutter) {
3969 		int t;
3970 
3971 		t = cur_ops->stall_dur ? cur_ops->stall_dur() : stutter * HZ;
3972 		firsterr = torture_stutter_init(stutter * HZ, t);
3973 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3974 			goto unwind;
3975 	}
3976 	if (fqs_duration < 0)
3977 		fqs_duration = 0;
3978 	if (fqs_holdoff < 0)
3979 		fqs_holdoff = 0;
3980 	if (fqs_duration && fqs_holdoff) {
3981 		/* Create the fqs thread */
3982 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, NULL,
3983 						  fqs_task);
3984 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3985 			goto unwind;
3986 	}
3987 	if (test_boost_interval < 1)
3988 		test_boost_interval = 1;
3989 	if (test_boost_duration < 2)
3990 		test_boost_duration = 2;
3991 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost()) {
3992 
3993 		boost_starttime = jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ;
3994 
3995 		firsterr = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "RCU_TORTURE",
3996 					     rcutorture_booster_init,
3997 					     rcutorture_booster_cleanup);
3998 		rcutor_hp = firsterr;
3999 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4000 			goto unwind;
4001 	}
4002 	shutdown_jiffies = jiffies + shutdown_secs * HZ;
4003 	firsterr = torture_shutdown_init(shutdown_secs, rcu_torture_cleanup);
4004 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4005 		goto unwind;
4006 	firsterr = torture_onoff_init(onoff_holdoff * HZ, onoff_interval,
4007 				      rcutorture_sync);
4008 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4009 		goto unwind;
4010 	firsterr = rcu_torture_stall_init();
4011 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4012 		goto unwind;
4013 	firsterr = rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init();
4014 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4015 		goto unwind;
4016 	firsterr = rcu_torture_barrier_init();
4017 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4018 		goto unwind;
4019 	firsterr = rcu_torture_read_exit_init();
4020 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
4021 		goto unwind;
4022 	if (object_debug)
4023 		rcu_test_debug_objects();
4024 	torture_init_end();
4025 	if (cur_ops->gp_slow_register && !WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister))
4026 		cur_ops->gp_slow_register(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
4027 	return 0;
4028 
4029 unwind:
4030 	torture_init_end();
4031 	rcu_torture_cleanup();
4032 	if (shutdown_secs) {
4033 		WARN_ON(!IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST));
4034 		kernel_power_off();
4035 	}
4036 	return firsterr;
4037 }
4038 
4039 module_init(rcu_torture_init);
4040 module_exit(rcu_torture_cleanup);
4041