xref: /linux/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c (revision 3e49aea71d5bac93b892f954d14bc8070e4cc651)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * Read-Copy Update module-based torture test facility
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2005, 2006
6  *
7  * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  *	  Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
9  *
10  * See also:  Documentation/RCU/torture.rst
11  */
12 
13 #define pr_fmt(fmt) fmt
14 
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/module.h>
19 #include <linux/kthread.h>
20 #include <linux/err.h>
21 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
22 #include <linux/smp.h>
23 #include <linux/rcupdate_wait.h>
24 #include <linux/rcu_notifier.h>
25 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
26 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
27 #include <uapi/linux/sched/types.h>
28 #include <linux/atomic.h>
29 #include <linux/bitops.h>
30 #include <linux/completion.h>
31 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
32 #include <linux/percpu.h>
33 #include <linux/notifier.h>
34 #include <linux/reboot.h>
35 #include <linux/freezer.h>
36 #include <linux/cpu.h>
37 #include <linux/delay.h>
38 #include <linux/stat.h>
39 #include <linux/srcu.h>
40 #include <linux/slab.h>
41 #include <linux/trace_clock.h>
42 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
43 #include <linux/torture.h>
44 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
45 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
46 #include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
47 #include <linux/oom.h>
48 #include <linux/tick.h>
49 #include <linux/rcupdate_trace.h>
50 #include <linux/nmi.h>
51 
52 #include "rcu.h"
53 
54 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Read-Copy Update module-based torture test facility");
55 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
56 MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> and Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>");
57 
58 /* Bits for ->extendables field, extendables param, and related definitions. */
59 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1	 8	/* Put SRCU index in upper bits. */
60 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1	 (1 << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1)
61 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2	 9	/* Put SRCU index in upper bits. */
62 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2	 (1 << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2)
63 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH	 0x01	/* Extend readers by disabling bh. */
64 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ	 0x02	/*  ... disabling interrupts. */
65 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT	 0x04	/*  ... disabling preemption. */
66 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH	 0x08	/*  ... rcu_read_lock_bh(). */
67 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED	 0x10	/*  ... rcu_read_lock_sched(). */
68 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1	 0x20	/*  ... entering another RCU reader. */
69 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2	 0x40	/*  ... entering another RCU reader. */
70 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS	 7	/* Number of bits defined above. */
71 #define RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND	 \
72 	(RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ | RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | \
73 	 RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
74 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS 0x7	/* Maximum reader extensions. */
75 					/* Must be power of two minus one. */
76 #define RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS (RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS + 3)
77 
78 torture_param(int, extendables, RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
79 	      "Extend readers by disabling bh (1), irqs (2), or preempt (4)");
80 torture_param(int, fqs_duration, 0, "Duration of fqs bursts (us), 0 to disable");
81 torture_param(int, fqs_holdoff, 0, "Holdoff time within fqs bursts (us)");
82 torture_param(int, fqs_stutter, 3, "Wait time between fqs bursts (s)");
83 torture_param(int, fwd_progress, 1, "Number of grace-period forward progress tasks (0 to disable)");
84 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_div, 4, "Fraction of CPU stall to wait");
85 torture_param(int, fwd_progress_holdoff, 60, "Time between forward-progress tests (s)");
86 torture_param(bool, fwd_progress_need_resched, 1, "Hide cond_resched() behind need_resched()");
87 torture_param(bool, gp_cond, false, "Use conditional/async GP wait primitives");
88 torture_param(bool, gp_cond_exp, false, "Use conditional/async expedited GP wait primitives");
89 torture_param(bool, gp_cond_full, false, "Use conditional/async full-state GP wait primitives");
90 torture_param(bool, gp_cond_exp_full, false,
91 		    "Use conditional/async full-stateexpedited GP wait primitives");
92 torture_param(bool, gp_exp, false, "Use expedited GP wait primitives");
93 torture_param(bool, gp_normal, false, "Use normal (non-expedited) GP wait primitives");
94 torture_param(bool, gp_poll, false, "Use polling GP wait primitives");
95 torture_param(bool, gp_poll_exp, false, "Use polling expedited GP wait primitives");
96 torture_param(bool, gp_poll_full, false, "Use polling full-state GP wait primitives");
97 torture_param(bool, gp_poll_exp_full, false, "Use polling full-state expedited GP wait primitives");
98 torture_param(bool, gp_sync, false, "Use synchronous GP wait primitives");
99 torture_param(int, irqreader, 1, "Allow RCU readers from irq handlers");
100 torture_param(int, leakpointer, 0, "Leak pointer dereferences from readers");
101 torture_param(int, n_barrier_cbs, 0, "# of callbacks/kthreads for barrier testing");
102 torture_param(int, nfakewriters, 4, "Number of RCU fake writer threads");
103 torture_param(int, nreaders, -1, "Number of RCU reader threads");
104 torture_param(int, object_debug, 0, "Enable debug-object double call_rcu() testing");
105 torture_param(int, onoff_holdoff, 0, "Time after boot before CPU hotplugs (s)");
106 torture_param(int, onoff_interval, 0, "Time between CPU hotplugs (jiffies), 0=disable");
107 torture_param(int, nocbs_nthreads, 0, "Number of NOCB toggle threads, 0 to disable");
108 torture_param(int, nocbs_toggle, 1000, "Time between toggling nocb state (ms)");
109 torture_param(int, read_exit_delay, 13, "Delay between read-then-exit episodes (s)");
110 torture_param(int, read_exit_burst, 16, "# of read-then-exit bursts per episode, zero to disable");
111 torture_param(int, shuffle_interval, 3, "Number of seconds between shuffles");
112 torture_param(int, shutdown_secs, 0, "Shutdown time (s), <= zero to disable.");
113 torture_param(int, stall_cpu, 0, "Stall duration (s), zero to disable.");
114 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_holdoff, 10, "Time to wait before starting stall (s).");
115 torture_param(bool, stall_no_softlockup, false, "Avoid softlockup warning during cpu stall.");
116 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_irqsoff, 0, "Disable interrupts while stalling.");
117 torture_param(int, stall_cpu_block, 0, "Sleep while stalling.");
118 torture_param(int, stall_gp_kthread, 0, "Grace-period kthread stall duration (s).");
119 torture_param(int, stat_interval, 60, "Number of seconds between stats printk()s");
120 torture_param(int, stutter, 5, "Number of seconds to run/halt test");
121 torture_param(int, test_boost, 1, "Test RCU prio boost: 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.");
122 torture_param(int, test_boost_duration, 4, "Duration of each boost test, seconds.");
123 torture_param(int, test_boost_interval, 7, "Interval between boost tests, seconds.");
124 torture_param(int, test_nmis, 0, "End-test NMI tests, 0 to disable.");
125 torture_param(bool, test_no_idle_hz, true, "Test support for tickless idle CPUs");
126 torture_param(int, test_srcu_lockdep, 0, "Test specified SRCU deadlock scenario.");
127 torture_param(int, verbose, 1, "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
128 
129 static char *torture_type = "rcu";
130 module_param(torture_type, charp, 0444);
131 MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_type, "Type of RCU to torture (rcu, srcu, ...)");
132 
133 static int nrealnocbers;
134 static int nrealreaders;
135 static struct task_struct *writer_task;
136 static struct task_struct **fakewriter_tasks;
137 static struct task_struct **reader_tasks;
138 static struct task_struct **nocb_tasks;
139 static struct task_struct *stats_task;
140 static struct task_struct *fqs_task;
141 static struct task_struct *boost_tasks[NR_CPUS];
142 static struct task_struct *stall_task;
143 static struct task_struct **fwd_prog_tasks;
144 static struct task_struct **barrier_cbs_tasks;
145 static struct task_struct *barrier_task;
146 static struct task_struct *read_exit_task;
147 
148 #define RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN 10
149 
150 // Mailbox-like structure to check RCU global memory ordering.
151 struct rcu_torture_reader_check {
152 	unsigned long rtc_myloops;
153 	int rtc_chkrdr;
154 	unsigned long rtc_chkloops;
155 	int rtc_ready;
156 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtc_assigner;
157 } ____cacheline_internodealigned_in_smp;
158 
159 // Update-side data structure used to check RCU readers.
160 struct rcu_torture {
161 	struct rcu_head rtort_rcu;
162 	int rtort_pipe_count;
163 	struct list_head rtort_free;
164 	int rtort_mbtest;
165 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtort_chkp;
166 };
167 
168 static LIST_HEAD(rcu_torture_freelist);
169 static struct rcu_torture __rcu *rcu_torture_current;
170 static unsigned long rcu_torture_current_version;
171 static struct rcu_torture rcu_tortures[10 * RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN];
172 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rcu_torture_lock);
173 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_count);
174 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_batch);
175 static atomic_t rcu_torture_wcount[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1];
176 static struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rcu_torture_reader_mbchk;
177 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc;
178 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail;
179 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_free;
180 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mberror;
181 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail;
182 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries;
183 static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_error;
184 static long n_rcu_torture_barrier_error;
185 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror;
186 static long n_rcu_torture_boost_failure;
187 static long n_rcu_torture_boosts;
188 static atomic_long_t n_rcu_torture_timers;
189 static long n_barrier_attempts;
190 static long n_barrier_successes; /* did rcu_barrier test succeed? */
191 static unsigned long n_read_exits;
192 static struct list_head rcu_torture_removed;
193 static unsigned long shutdown_jiffies;
194 static unsigned long start_gp_seq;
195 static atomic_long_t n_nocb_offload;
196 static atomic_long_t n_nocb_deoffload;
197 
198 static int rcu_torture_writer_state;
199 #define RTWS_FIXED_DELAY	0
200 #define RTWS_DELAY		1
201 #define RTWS_REPLACE		2
202 #define RTWS_DEF_FREE		3
203 #define RTWS_EXP_SYNC		4
204 #define RTWS_COND_GET		5
205 #define RTWS_COND_GET_FULL	6
206 #define RTWS_COND_GET_EXP	7
207 #define RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL	8
208 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC		9
209 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC_FULL	10
210 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP	11
211 #define RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP_FULL	12
212 #define RTWS_POLL_GET		13
213 #define RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL	14
214 #define RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP	15
215 #define RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL	16
216 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT		17
217 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL	18
218 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP	19
219 #define RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP_FULL	20
220 #define RTWS_SYNC		21
221 #define RTWS_STUTTER		22
222 #define RTWS_STOPPING		23
223 static const char * const rcu_torture_writer_state_names[] = {
224 	"RTWS_FIXED_DELAY",
225 	"RTWS_DELAY",
226 	"RTWS_REPLACE",
227 	"RTWS_DEF_FREE",
228 	"RTWS_EXP_SYNC",
229 	"RTWS_COND_GET",
230 	"RTWS_COND_GET_FULL",
231 	"RTWS_COND_GET_EXP",
232 	"RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL",
233 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC",
234 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC_FULL",
235 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP",
236 	"RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP_FULL",
237 	"RTWS_POLL_GET",
238 	"RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL",
239 	"RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP",
240 	"RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL",
241 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT",
242 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL",
243 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP",
244 	"RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP_FULL",
245 	"RTWS_SYNC",
246 	"RTWS_STUTTER",
247 	"RTWS_STOPPING",
248 };
249 
250 /* Record reader segment types and duration for first failing read. */
251 struct rt_read_seg {
252 	int rt_readstate;
253 	unsigned long rt_delay_jiffies;
254 	unsigned long rt_delay_ms;
255 	unsigned long rt_delay_us;
256 	bool rt_preempted;
257 };
258 static int err_segs_recorded;
259 static struct rt_read_seg err_segs[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS];
260 static int rt_read_nsegs;
261 
262 static const char *rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(void)
263 {
264 	unsigned int i = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_writer_state);
265 
266 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_torture_writer_state_names))
267 		return "???";
268 	return rcu_torture_writer_state_names[i];
269 }
270 
271 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE
272 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
273 {
274 	u64 ts = trace_clock_local();
275 
276 	(void)do_div(ts, NSEC_PER_USEC);
277 	return ts;
278 }
279 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
280 static u64 notrace rcu_trace_clock_local(void)
281 {
282 	return 0ULL;
283 }
284 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_TRACE */
285 
286 /*
287  * Stop aggressive CPU-hog tests a bit before the end of the test in order
288  * to avoid interfering with test shutdown.
289  */
290 static bool shutdown_time_arrived(void)
291 {
292 	return shutdown_secs && time_after(jiffies, shutdown_jiffies - 30 * HZ);
293 }
294 
295 static unsigned long boost_starttime;	/* jiffies of next boost test start. */
296 static DEFINE_MUTEX(boost_mutex);	/* protect setting boost_starttime */
297 					/*  and boost task create/destroy. */
298 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_count;	/* Barrier callbacks registered. */
299 static bool barrier_phase;		/* Test phase. */
300 static atomic_t barrier_cbs_invoked;	/* Barrier callbacks invoked. */
301 static wait_queue_head_t *barrier_cbs_wq; /* Coordinate barrier testing. */
302 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(barrier_wq);
303 
304 static atomic_t rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay;	/* Short rcu_torture_delay() delays. */
305 
306 /*
307  * Allocate an element from the rcu_tortures pool.
308  */
309 static struct rcu_torture *
310 rcu_torture_alloc(void)
311 {
312 	struct list_head *p;
313 
314 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
315 	if (list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist)) {
316 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail);
317 		spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
318 		return NULL;
319 	}
320 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc);
321 	p = rcu_torture_freelist.next;
322 	list_del_init(p);
323 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
324 	return container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_free);
325 }
326 
327 /*
328  * Free an element to the rcu_tortures pool.
329  */
330 static void
331 rcu_torture_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
332 {
333 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_free);
334 	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
335 	list_add_tail(&p->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_freelist);
336 	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
337 }
338 
339 /*
340  * Operations vector for selecting different types of tests.
341  */
342 
343 struct rcu_torture_ops {
344 	int ttype;
345 	void (*init)(void);
346 	void (*cleanup)(void);
347 	int (*readlock)(void);
348 	void (*read_delay)(struct torture_random_state *rrsp,
349 			   struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp);
350 	void (*readunlock)(int idx);
351 	int (*readlock_held)(void);
352 	unsigned long (*get_gp_seq)(void);
353 	unsigned long (*gp_diff)(unsigned long new, unsigned long old);
354 	void (*deferred_free)(struct rcu_torture *p);
355 	void (*sync)(void);
356 	void (*exp_sync)(void);
357 	unsigned long (*get_gp_state_exp)(void);
358 	unsigned long (*start_gp_poll_exp)(void);
359 	void (*start_gp_poll_exp_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
360 	bool (*poll_gp_state_exp)(unsigned long oldstate);
361 	void (*cond_sync_exp)(unsigned long oldstate);
362 	void (*cond_sync_exp_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
363 	unsigned long (*get_comp_state)(void);
364 	void (*get_comp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
365 	bool (*same_gp_state)(unsigned long oldstate1, unsigned long oldstate2);
366 	bool (*same_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp1, struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp2);
367 	unsigned long (*get_gp_state)(void);
368 	void (*get_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
369 	unsigned long (*get_gp_completed)(void);
370 	void (*get_gp_completed_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
371 	unsigned long (*start_gp_poll)(void);
372 	void (*start_gp_poll_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
373 	bool (*poll_gp_state)(unsigned long oldstate);
374 	bool (*poll_gp_state_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
375 	bool (*poll_need_2gp)(bool poll, bool poll_full);
376 	void (*cond_sync)(unsigned long oldstate);
377 	void (*cond_sync_full)(struct rcu_gp_oldstate *rgosp);
378 	call_rcu_func_t call;
379 	void (*cb_barrier)(void);
380 	void (*fqs)(void);
381 	void (*stats)(void);
382 	void (*gp_kthread_dbg)(void);
383 	bool (*check_boost_failed)(unsigned long gp_state, int *cpup);
384 	int (*stall_dur)(void);
385 	void (*get_gp_data)(int *flags, unsigned long *gp_seq);
386 	void (*gp_slow_register)(atomic_t *rgssp);
387 	void (*gp_slow_unregister)(atomic_t *rgssp);
388 	long cbflood_max;
389 	int irq_capable;
390 	int can_boost;
391 	int extendables;
392 	int slow_gps;
393 	int no_pi_lock;
394 	int debug_objects;
395 	const char *name;
396 };
397 
398 static struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops;
399 
400 /*
401  * Definitions for rcu torture testing.
402  */
403 
404 static int torture_readlock_not_held(void)
405 {
406 	return rcu_read_lock_bh_held() || rcu_read_lock_sched_held();
407 }
408 
409 static int rcu_torture_read_lock(void)
410 {
411 	rcu_read_lock();
412 	return 0;
413 }
414 
415 static void
416 rcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
417 {
418 	unsigned long started;
419 	unsigned long completed;
420 	const unsigned long shortdelay_us = 200;
421 	unsigned long longdelay_ms = 300;
422 	unsigned long long ts;
423 
424 	/* We want a short delay sometimes to make a reader delay the grace
425 	 * period, and we want a long delay occasionally to trigger
426 	 * force_quiescent_state. */
427 
428 	if (!atomic_read(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
429 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2000 * longdelay_ms))) {
430 		started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
431 		ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
432 		if (preempt_count() & (SOFTIRQ_MASK | HARDIRQ_MASK))
433 			longdelay_ms = 5; /* Avoid triggering BH limits. */
434 		mdelay(longdelay_ms);
435 		rtrsp->rt_delay_ms = longdelay_ms;
436 		completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
437 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, NULL, ts,
438 					  started, completed);
439 	}
440 	if (!(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2 * shortdelay_us))) {
441 		udelay(shortdelay_us);
442 		rtrsp->rt_delay_us = shortdelay_us;
443 	}
444 	if (!preempt_count() &&
445 	    !(torture_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 500))) {
446 		torture_preempt_schedule();  /* QS only if preemptible. */
447 		rtrsp->rt_preempted = true;
448 	}
449 }
450 
451 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
452 {
453 	rcu_read_unlock();
454 }
455 
456 /*
457  * Update callback in the pipe.  This should be invoked after a grace period.
458  */
459 static bool
460 rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(struct rcu_torture *rp)
461 {
462 	int i;
463 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp = READ_ONCE(rp->rtort_chkp);
464 
465 	if (rtrcp) {
466 		WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_chkp, NULL);
467 		smp_store_release(&rtrcp->rtc_ready, 1); // Pair with smp_load_acquire().
468 	}
469 	i = rp->rtort_pipe_count;
470 	if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
471 		i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
472 	atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
473 	WRITE_ONCE(rp->rtort_pipe_count, i + 1);
474 	ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(rp->rtort_pipe_count);
475 	if (i + 1 >= RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
476 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 0;
477 		return true;
478 	}
479 	return false;
480 }
481 
482 /*
483  * Update all callbacks in the pipe.  Suitable for synchronous grace-period
484  * primitives.
485  */
486 static void
487 rcu_torture_pipe_update(struct rcu_torture *old_rp)
488 {
489 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
490 	struct rcu_torture *rp1;
491 
492 	if (old_rp)
493 		list_add(&old_rp->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_removed);
494 	list_for_each_entry_safe(rp, rp1, &rcu_torture_removed, rtort_free) {
495 		if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp)) {
496 			list_del(&rp->rtort_free);
497 			rcu_torture_free(rp);
498 		}
499 	}
500 }
501 
502 static void
503 rcu_torture_cb(struct rcu_head *p)
504 {
505 	struct rcu_torture *rp = container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_rcu);
506 
507 	if (torture_must_stop_irq()) {
508 		/* Test is ending, just drop callbacks on the floor. */
509 		/* The next initialization will pick up the pieces. */
510 		return;
511 	}
512 	if (rcu_torture_pipe_update_one(rp))
513 		rcu_torture_free(rp);
514 	else
515 		cur_ops->deferred_free(rp);
516 }
517 
518 static unsigned long rcu_no_completed(void)
519 {
520 	return 0;
521 }
522 
523 static void rcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
524 {
525 	call_rcu_hurry(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
526 }
527 
528 static void rcu_sync_torture_init(void)
529 {
530 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_removed);
531 }
532 
533 static bool rcu_poll_need_2gp(bool poll, bool poll_full)
534 {
535 	return poll;
536 }
537 
538 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_ops = {
539 	.ttype			= RCU_FLAVOR,
540 	.init			= rcu_sync_torture_init,
541 	.readlock		= rcu_torture_read_lock,
542 	.read_delay		= rcu_read_delay,
543 	.readunlock		= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
544 	.readlock_held		= torture_readlock_not_held,
545 	.get_gp_seq		= rcu_get_gp_seq,
546 	.gp_diff		= rcu_seq_diff,
547 	.deferred_free		= rcu_torture_deferred_free,
548 	.sync			= synchronize_rcu,
549 	.exp_sync		= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
550 	.same_gp_state		= same_state_synchronize_rcu,
551 	.same_gp_state_full	= same_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
552 	.get_comp_state		= get_completed_synchronize_rcu,
553 	.get_comp_state_full	= get_completed_synchronize_rcu_full,
554 	.get_gp_state		= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
555 	.get_gp_state_full	= get_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
556 	.get_gp_completed	= get_completed_synchronize_rcu,
557 	.get_gp_completed_full	= get_completed_synchronize_rcu_full,
558 	.start_gp_poll		= start_poll_synchronize_rcu,
559 	.start_gp_poll_full	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_full,
560 	.poll_gp_state		= poll_state_synchronize_rcu,
561 	.poll_gp_state_full	= poll_state_synchronize_rcu_full,
562 	.poll_need_2gp		= rcu_poll_need_2gp,
563 	.cond_sync		= cond_synchronize_rcu,
564 	.cond_sync_full		= cond_synchronize_rcu_full,
565 	.get_gp_state_exp	= get_state_synchronize_rcu,
566 	.start_gp_poll_exp	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited,
567 	.start_gp_poll_exp_full	= start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited_full,
568 	.poll_gp_state_exp	= poll_state_synchronize_rcu,
569 	.cond_sync_exp		= cond_synchronize_rcu_expedited,
570 	.call			= call_rcu_hurry,
571 	.cb_barrier		= rcu_barrier,
572 	.fqs			= rcu_force_quiescent_state,
573 	.gp_kthread_dbg		= show_rcu_gp_kthreads,
574 	.check_boost_failed	= rcu_check_boost_fail,
575 	.stall_dur		= rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check,
576 	.get_gp_data		= rcutorture_get_gp_data,
577 	.gp_slow_register	= rcu_gp_slow_register,
578 	.gp_slow_unregister	= rcu_gp_slow_unregister,
579 	.irq_capable		= 1,
580 	.can_boost		= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST),
581 	.extendables		= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
582 	.debug_objects		= 1,
583 	.name			= "rcu"
584 };
585 
586 /*
587  * Don't even think about trying any of these in real life!!!
588  * The names includes "busted", and they really means it!
589  * The only purpose of these functions is to provide a buggy RCU
590  * implementation to make sure that rcutorture correctly emits
591  * buggy-RCU error messages.
592  */
593 static void rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
594 {
595 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
596 	rcu_torture_cb(&p->rtort_rcu);
597 }
598 
599 static void synchronize_rcu_busted(void)
600 {
601 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
602 }
603 
604 static void
605 call_rcu_busted(struct rcu_head *head, rcu_callback_t func)
606 {
607 	/* This is a deliberate bug for testing purposes only! */
608 	func(head);
609 }
610 
611 static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_busted_ops = {
612 	.ttype		= INVALID_RCU_FLAVOR,
613 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
614 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock,
615 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
616 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
617 	.readlock_held	= torture_readlock_not_held,
618 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
619 	.deferred_free	= rcu_busted_torture_deferred_free,
620 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_busted,
621 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_busted,
622 	.call		= call_rcu_busted,
623 	.irq_capable	= 1,
624 	.name		= "busted"
625 };
626 
627 /*
628  * Definitions for srcu torture testing.
629  */
630 
631 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu_ctl);
632 static struct srcu_struct srcu_ctld;
633 static struct srcu_struct *srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl;
634 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcud_ops;
635 
636 static void srcu_get_gp_data(int *flags, unsigned long *gp_seq)
637 {
638 	srcutorture_get_gp_data(srcu_ctlp, flags, gp_seq);
639 }
640 
641 static int srcu_torture_read_lock(void)
642 {
643 	if (cur_ops == &srcud_ops)
644 		return srcu_read_lock_nmisafe(srcu_ctlp);
645 	else
646 		return srcu_read_lock(srcu_ctlp);
647 }
648 
649 static void
650 srcu_read_delay(struct torture_random_state *rrsp, struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
651 {
652 	long delay;
653 	const long uspertick = 1000000 / HZ;
654 	const long longdelay = 10;
655 
656 	/* We want there to be long-running readers, but not all the time. */
657 
658 	delay = torture_random(rrsp) %
659 		(nrealreaders * 2 * longdelay * uspertick);
660 	if (!delay && in_task()) {
661 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(longdelay);
662 		rtrsp->rt_delay_jiffies = longdelay;
663 	} else {
664 		rcu_read_delay(rrsp, rtrsp);
665 	}
666 }
667 
668 static void srcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
669 {
670 	if (cur_ops == &srcud_ops)
671 		srcu_read_unlock_nmisafe(srcu_ctlp, idx);
672 	else
673 		srcu_read_unlock(srcu_ctlp, idx);
674 }
675 
676 static int torture_srcu_read_lock_held(void)
677 {
678 	return srcu_read_lock_held(srcu_ctlp);
679 }
680 
681 static unsigned long srcu_torture_completed(void)
682 {
683 	return srcu_batches_completed(srcu_ctlp);
684 }
685 
686 static void srcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *rp)
687 {
688 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, &rp->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
689 }
690 
691 static void srcu_torture_synchronize(void)
692 {
693 	synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
694 }
695 
696 static unsigned long srcu_torture_get_gp_state(void)
697 {
698 	return get_state_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
699 }
700 
701 static unsigned long srcu_torture_start_gp_poll(void)
702 {
703 	return start_poll_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp);
704 }
705 
706 static bool srcu_torture_poll_gp_state(unsigned long oldstate)
707 {
708 	return poll_state_synchronize_srcu(srcu_ctlp, oldstate);
709 }
710 
711 static void srcu_torture_call(struct rcu_head *head,
712 			      rcu_callback_t func)
713 {
714 	call_srcu(srcu_ctlp, head, func);
715 }
716 
717 static void srcu_torture_barrier(void)
718 {
719 	srcu_barrier(srcu_ctlp);
720 }
721 
722 static void srcu_torture_stats(void)
723 {
724 	srcu_torture_stats_print(srcu_ctlp, torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
725 }
726 
727 static void srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited(void)
728 {
729 	synchronize_srcu_expedited(srcu_ctlp);
730 }
731 
732 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcu_ops = {
733 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
734 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
735 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
736 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
737 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
738 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
739 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
740 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
741 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
742 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
743 	.get_gp_state	= srcu_torture_get_gp_state,
744 	.start_gp_poll	= srcu_torture_start_gp_poll,
745 	.poll_gp_state	= srcu_torture_poll_gp_state,
746 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
747 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
748 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
749 	.get_gp_data	= srcu_get_gp_data,
750 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
751 	.irq_capable	= 1,
752 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
753 	.debug_objects	= 1,
754 	.name		= "srcu"
755 };
756 
757 static void srcu_torture_init(void)
758 {
759 	rcu_sync_torture_init();
760 	WARN_ON(init_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld));
761 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctld;
762 }
763 
764 static void srcu_torture_cleanup(void)
765 {
766 	cleanup_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctld);
767 	srcu_ctlp = &srcu_ctl; /* In case of a later rcutorture run. */
768 }
769 
770 /* As above, but dynamically allocated. */
771 static struct rcu_torture_ops srcud_ops = {
772 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
773 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
774 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
775 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
776 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
777 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
778 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
779 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
780 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
781 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
782 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
783 	.get_gp_state	= srcu_torture_get_gp_state,
784 	.start_gp_poll	= srcu_torture_start_gp_poll,
785 	.poll_gp_state	= srcu_torture_poll_gp_state,
786 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
787 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
788 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
789 	.get_gp_data	= srcu_get_gp_data,
790 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
791 	.irq_capable	= 1,
792 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
793 	.debug_objects	= 1,
794 	.name		= "srcud"
795 };
796 
797 /* As above, but broken due to inappropriate reader extension. */
798 static struct rcu_torture_ops busted_srcud_ops = {
799 	.ttype		= SRCU_FLAVOR,
800 	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
801 	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
802 	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
803 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,
804 	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
805 	.readlock_held	= torture_srcu_read_lock_held,
806 	.get_gp_seq	= srcu_torture_completed,
807 	.deferred_free	= srcu_torture_deferred_free,
808 	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
809 	.exp_sync	= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
810 	.call		= srcu_torture_call,
811 	.cb_barrier	= srcu_torture_barrier,
812 	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
813 	.irq_capable	= 1,
814 	.no_pi_lock	= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_SRCU),
815 	.extendables	= RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND,
816 	.name		= "busted_srcud"
817 };
818 
819 /*
820  * Definitions for trivial CONFIG_PREEMPT=n-only torture testing.
821  * This implementation does not necessarily work well with CPU hotplug.
822  */
823 
824 static void synchronize_rcu_trivial(void)
825 {
826 	int cpu;
827 
828 	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
829 		torture_sched_setaffinity(current->pid, cpumask_of(cpu));
830 		WARN_ON_ONCE(raw_smp_processor_id() != cpu);
831 	}
832 }
833 
834 static int rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial(void)
835 {
836 	preempt_disable();
837 	return 0;
838 }
839 
840 static void rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial(int idx)
841 {
842 	preempt_enable();
843 }
844 
845 static struct rcu_torture_ops trivial_ops = {
846 	.ttype		= RCU_TRIVIAL_FLAVOR,
847 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
848 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
849 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
850 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
851 	.readlock_held	= torture_readlock_not_held,
852 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
853 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
854 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_trivial,
855 	.irq_capable	= 1,
856 	.name		= "trivial"
857 };
858 
859 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
860 
861 /*
862  * Definitions for RCU-tasks torture testing.
863  */
864 
865 static int tasks_torture_read_lock(void)
866 {
867 	return 0;
868 }
869 
870 static void tasks_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
871 {
872 }
873 
874 static void rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
875 {
876 	call_rcu_tasks(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
877 }
878 
879 static void synchronize_rcu_mult_test(void)
880 {
881 	synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu_tasks, call_rcu_hurry);
882 }
883 
884 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_ops = {
885 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_FLAVOR,
886 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
887 	.readlock	= tasks_torture_read_lock,
888 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
889 	.readunlock	= tasks_torture_read_unlock,
890 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
891 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_torture_deferred_free,
892 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks,
893 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_mult_test,
894 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks,
895 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks,
896 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_classic_gp_kthread,
897 	.get_gp_data	= rcu_tasks_get_gp_data,
898 	.irq_capable	= 1,
899 	.slow_gps	= 1,
900 	.name		= "tasks"
901 };
902 
903 #define TASKS_OPS &tasks_ops,
904 
905 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
906 
907 #define TASKS_OPS
908 
909 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RCU
910 
911 
912 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
913 
914 /*
915  * Definitions for rude RCU-tasks torture testing.
916  */
917 
918 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_rude_ops = {
919 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_RUDE_FLAVOR,
920 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
921 	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock_trivial,
922 	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
923 	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock_trivial,
924 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
925 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
926 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude,
927 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_rude_gp_kthread,
928 	.get_gp_data	= rcu_tasks_rude_get_gp_data,
929 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
930 	.irq_capable	= 1,
931 	.name		= "tasks-rude"
932 };
933 
934 #define TASKS_RUDE_OPS &tasks_rude_ops,
935 
936 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
937 
938 #define TASKS_RUDE_OPS
939 
940 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU
941 
942 
943 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
944 
945 /*
946  * Definitions for tracing RCU-tasks torture testing.
947  */
948 
949 static int tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock(void)
950 {
951 	rcu_read_lock_trace();
952 	return 0;
953 }
954 
955 static void tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
956 {
957 	rcu_read_unlock_trace();
958 }
959 
960 static void rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
961 {
962 	call_rcu_tasks_trace(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
963 }
964 
965 static struct rcu_torture_ops tasks_tracing_ops = {
966 	.ttype		= RCU_TASKS_TRACING_FLAVOR,
967 	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
968 	.readlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_lock,
969 	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse srcu's version. */
970 	.readunlock	= tasks_tracing_torture_read_unlock,
971 	.readlock_held	= rcu_read_lock_trace_held,
972 	.get_gp_seq	= rcu_no_completed,
973 	.deferred_free	= rcu_tasks_tracing_torture_deferred_free,
974 	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
975 	.exp_sync	= synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace,
976 	.call		= call_rcu_tasks_trace,
977 	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_tasks_trace,
978 	.gp_kthread_dbg	= show_rcu_tasks_trace_gp_kthread,
979 	.get_gp_data    = rcu_tasks_trace_get_gp_data,
980 	.cbflood_max	= 50000,
981 	.irq_capable	= 1,
982 	.slow_gps	= 1,
983 	.name		= "tasks-tracing"
984 };
985 
986 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS &tasks_tracing_ops,
987 
988 #else // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
989 
990 #define TASKS_TRACING_OPS
991 
992 #endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
993 
994 
995 static unsigned long rcutorture_seq_diff(unsigned long new, unsigned long old)
996 {
997 	if (!cur_ops->gp_diff)
998 		return new - old;
999 	return cur_ops->gp_diff(new, old);
1000 }
1001 
1002 /*
1003  * RCU torture priority-boost testing.  Runs one real-time thread per
1004  * CPU for moderate bursts, repeatedly starting grace periods and waiting
1005  * for them to complete.  If a given grace period takes too long, we assume
1006  * that priority inversion has occurred.
1007  */
1008 
1009 static int old_rt_runtime = -1;
1010 
1011 static void rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle(void)
1012 {
1013 	/*
1014 	 * Disable RT throttling so that rcutorture's boost threads don't get
1015 	 * throttled. Only possible if rcutorture is built-in otherwise the
1016 	 * user should manually do this by setting the sched_rt_period_us and
1017 	 * sched_rt_runtime sysctls.
1018 	 */
1019 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime != -1)
1020 		return;
1021 
1022 	old_rt_runtime = sysctl_sched_rt_runtime;
1023 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = -1;
1024 }
1025 
1026 static void rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle(void)
1027 {
1028 	if (!IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST) || old_rt_runtime == -1)
1029 		return;
1030 
1031 	sysctl_sched_rt_runtime = old_rt_runtime;
1032 	old_rt_runtime = -1;
1033 }
1034 
1035 static bool rcu_torture_boost_failed(unsigned long gp_state, unsigned long *start)
1036 {
1037 	int cpu;
1038 	static int dbg_done;
1039 	unsigned long end = jiffies;
1040 	bool gp_done;
1041 	unsigned long j;
1042 	static unsigned long last_persist;
1043 	unsigned long lp;
1044 	unsigned long mininterval = test_boost_duration * HZ - HZ / 2;
1045 
1046 	if (end - *start > mininterval) {
1047 		// Recheck after checking time to avoid false positives.
1048 		smp_mb(); // Time check before grace-period check.
1049 		if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1050 			return false; // passed, though perhaps just barely
1051 		if (cur_ops->check_boost_failed && !cur_ops->check_boost_failed(gp_state, &cpu)) {
1052 			// At most one persisted message per boost test.
1053 			j = jiffies;
1054 			lp = READ_ONCE(last_persist);
1055 			if (time_after(j, lp + mininterval) && cmpxchg(&last_persist, lp, j) == lp)
1056 				pr_info("Boost inversion persisted: No QS from CPU %d\n", cpu);
1057 			return false; // passed on a technicality
1058 		}
1059 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost boosting failed");
1060 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure++;
1061 		if (!xchg(&dbg_done, 1) && cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg) {
1062 			pr_info("Boost inversion thread ->rt_priority %u gp_state %lu jiffies %lu\n",
1063 				current->rt_priority, gp_state, end - *start);
1064 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
1065 			// Recheck after print to flag grace period ending during splat.
1066 			gp_done = cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state);
1067 			pr_info("Boost inversion: GP %lu %s.\n", gp_state,
1068 				gp_done ? "ended already" : "still pending");
1069 
1070 		}
1071 
1072 		return true; // failed
1073 	} else if (cur_ops->check_boost_failed && !cur_ops->check_boost_failed(gp_state, NULL)) {
1074 		*start = jiffies;
1075 	}
1076 
1077 	return false; // passed
1078 }
1079 
1080 static int rcu_torture_boost(void *arg)
1081 {
1082 	unsigned long endtime;
1083 	unsigned long gp_state;
1084 	unsigned long gp_state_time;
1085 	unsigned long oldstarttime;
1086 
1087 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost started");
1088 
1089 	/* Set real-time priority. */
1090 	sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1091 
1092 	/* Each pass through the following loop does one boost-test cycle. */
1093 	do {
1094 		bool failed = false; // Test failed already in this test interval
1095 		bool gp_initiated = false;
1096 
1097 		if (kthread_should_stop())
1098 			goto checkwait;
1099 
1100 		/* Wait for the next test interval. */
1101 		oldstarttime = READ_ONCE(boost_starttime);
1102 		while (time_before(jiffies, oldstarttime)) {
1103 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(oldstarttime - jiffies);
1104 			if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost"))
1105 				sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1106 			if (torture_must_stop())
1107 				goto checkwait;
1108 		}
1109 
1110 		// Do one boost-test interval.
1111 		endtime = oldstarttime + test_boost_duration * HZ;
1112 		while (time_before(jiffies, endtime)) {
1113 			// Has current GP gone too long?
1114 			if (gp_initiated && !failed && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1115 				failed = rcu_torture_boost_failed(gp_state, &gp_state_time);
1116 			// If we don't have a grace period in flight, start one.
1117 			if (!gp_initiated || cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state)) {
1118 				gp_state = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1119 				gp_initiated = true;
1120 				gp_state_time = jiffies;
1121 			}
1122 			if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost")) {
1123 				sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1124 				// If the grace period already ended,
1125 				// we don't know when that happened, so
1126 				// start over.
1127 				if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1128 					gp_initiated = false;
1129 			}
1130 			if (torture_must_stop())
1131 				goto checkwait;
1132 		}
1133 
1134 		// In case the grace period extended beyond the end of the loop.
1135 		if (gp_initiated && !failed && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_state))
1136 			rcu_torture_boost_failed(gp_state, &gp_state_time);
1137 
1138 		/*
1139 		 * Set the start time of the next test interval.
1140 		 * Yes, this is vulnerable to long delays, but such
1141 		 * delays simply cause a false negative for the next
1142 		 * interval.  Besides, we are running at RT priority,
1143 		 * so delays should be relatively rare.
1144 		 */
1145 		while (oldstarttime == READ_ONCE(boost_starttime) && !kthread_should_stop()) {
1146 			if (mutex_trylock(&boost_mutex)) {
1147 				if (oldstarttime == boost_starttime) {
1148 					WRITE_ONCE(boost_starttime,
1149 						   jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ);
1150 					n_rcu_torture_boosts++;
1151 				}
1152 				mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
1153 				break;
1154 			}
1155 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 20);
1156 		}
1157 
1158 		/* Go do the stutter. */
1159 checkwait:	if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost"))
1160 			sched_set_fifo_low(current);
1161 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1162 
1163 	/* Clean up and exit. */
1164 	while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
1165 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_boost");
1166 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 20);
1167 	}
1168 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_boost");
1169 	return 0;
1170 }
1171 
1172 /*
1173  * RCU torture force-quiescent-state kthread.  Repeatedly induces
1174  * bursts of calls to force_quiescent_state(), increasing the probability
1175  * of occurrence of some important types of race conditions.
1176  */
1177 static int
1178 rcu_torture_fqs(void *arg)
1179 {
1180 	unsigned long fqs_resume_time;
1181 	int fqs_burst_remaining;
1182 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1183 
1184 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fqs task started");
1185 	do {
1186 		fqs_resume_time = jiffies + fqs_stutter * HZ;
1187 		while (time_before(jiffies, fqs_resume_time) &&
1188 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1189 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 20);
1190 		}
1191 		fqs_burst_remaining = fqs_duration;
1192 		while (fqs_burst_remaining > 0 &&
1193 		       !kthread_should_stop()) {
1194 			cur_ops->fqs();
1195 			udelay(fqs_holdoff);
1196 			fqs_burst_remaining -= fqs_holdoff;
1197 		}
1198 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fqs"))
1199 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1200 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1201 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fqs");
1202 	return 0;
1203 }
1204 
1205 // Used by writers to randomly choose from the available grace-period primitives.
1206 static int synctype[ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_torture_writer_state_names)] = { };
1207 static int nsynctypes;
1208 
1209 /*
1210  * Determine which grace-period primitives are available.
1211  */
1212 static void rcu_torture_write_types(void)
1213 {
1214 	bool gp_cond1 = gp_cond, gp_cond_exp1 = gp_cond_exp, gp_cond_full1 = gp_cond_full;
1215 	bool gp_cond_exp_full1 = gp_cond_exp_full, gp_exp1 = gp_exp, gp_poll_exp1 = gp_poll_exp;
1216 	bool gp_poll_exp_full1 = gp_poll_exp_full, gp_normal1 = gp_normal, gp_poll1 = gp_poll;
1217 	bool gp_poll_full1 = gp_poll_full, gp_sync1 = gp_sync;
1218 
1219 	/* Initialize synctype[] array.  If none set, take default. */
1220 	if (!gp_cond1 &&
1221 	    !gp_cond_exp1 &&
1222 	    !gp_cond_full1 &&
1223 	    !gp_cond_exp_full1 &&
1224 	    !gp_exp1 &&
1225 	    !gp_poll_exp1 &&
1226 	    !gp_poll_exp_full1 &&
1227 	    !gp_normal1 &&
1228 	    !gp_poll1 &&
1229 	    !gp_poll_full1 &&
1230 	    !gp_sync1) {
1231 		gp_cond1 = true;
1232 		gp_cond_exp1 = true;
1233 		gp_cond_full1 = true;
1234 		gp_cond_exp_full1 = true;
1235 		gp_exp1 = true;
1236 		gp_poll_exp1 = true;
1237 		gp_poll_exp_full1 = true;
1238 		gp_normal1 = true;
1239 		gp_poll1 = true;
1240 		gp_poll_full1 = true;
1241 		gp_sync1 = true;
1242 	}
1243 	if (gp_cond1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->cond_sync) {
1244 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET;
1245 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional GPs.\n", __func__);
1246 	} else if (gp_cond && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync)) {
1247 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond without primitives.\n", __func__);
1248 	}
1249 	if (gp_cond_exp1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp && cur_ops->cond_sync_exp) {
1250 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP;
1251 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1252 	} else if (gp_cond_exp && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp || !cur_ops->cond_sync_exp)) {
1253 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1254 	}
1255 	if (gp_cond_full1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->cond_sync_full) {
1256 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET_FULL;
1257 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional full-state GPs.\n", __func__);
1258 	} else if (gp_cond_full && (!cur_ops->get_gp_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync_full)) {
1259 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1260 	}
1261 	if (gp_cond_exp_full1 && cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp && cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full) {
1262 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL;
1263 		pr_info("%s: Testing conditional full-state expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1264 	} else if (gp_cond_exp_full &&
1265 		   (!cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp || !cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full)) {
1266 		pr_alert("%s: gp_cond_exp_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1267 	}
1268 	if (gp_exp1 && cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1269 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1270 		pr_info("%s: Testing expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1271 	} else if (gp_exp && !cur_ops->exp_sync) {
1272 		pr_alert("%s: gp_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1273 	}
1274 	if (gp_normal1 && cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1275 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1276 		pr_info("%s: Testing asynchronous GPs.\n", __func__);
1277 	} else if (gp_normal && !cur_ops->deferred_free) {
1278 		pr_alert("%s: gp_normal without primitives.\n", __func__);
1279 	}
1280 	if (gp_poll1 && cur_ops->get_comp_state && cur_ops->same_gp_state &&
1281 	    cur_ops->start_gp_poll && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
1282 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET;
1283 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling GPs.\n", __func__);
1284 	} else if (gp_poll && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)) {
1285 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll without primitives.\n", __func__);
1286 	}
1287 	if (gp_poll_full1 && cur_ops->get_comp_state_full && cur_ops->same_gp_state_full
1288 	    && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
1289 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL;
1290 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling full-state GPs.\n", __func__);
1291 	} else if (gp_poll_full && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)) {
1292 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1293 	}
1294 	if (gp_poll_exp1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp) {
1295 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP;
1296 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1297 	} else if (gp_poll_exp && (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp)) {
1298 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
1299 	}
1300 	if (gp_poll_exp_full1 && cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
1301 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL;
1302 		pr_info("%s: Testing polling full-state expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
1303 	} else if (gp_poll_exp_full &&
1304 		   (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)) {
1305 		pr_alert("%s: gp_poll_exp_full without primitives.\n", __func__);
1306 	}
1307 	if (gp_sync1 && cur_ops->sync) {
1308 		synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_SYNC;
1309 		pr_info("%s: Testing normal GPs.\n", __func__);
1310 	} else if (gp_sync && !cur_ops->sync) {
1311 		pr_alert("%s: gp_sync without primitives.\n", __func__);
1312 	}
1313 }
1314 
1315 /*
1316  * Do the specified rcu_torture_writer() synchronous grace period,
1317  * while also testing out the polled APIs.  Note well that the single-CPU
1318  * grace-period optimizations must be accounted for.
1319  */
1320 static void do_rtws_sync(struct torture_random_state *trsp, void (*sync)(void))
1321 {
1322 	unsigned long cookie;
1323 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
1324 	bool dopoll;
1325 	bool dopoll_full;
1326 	unsigned long r = torture_random(trsp);
1327 
1328 	dopoll = cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state && !(r & 0x300);
1329 	dopoll_full = cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full && !(r & 0xc00);
1330 	if (dopoll || dopoll_full)
1331 		cpus_read_lock();
1332 	if (dopoll)
1333 		cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1334 	if (dopoll_full)
1335 		cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&cookie_full);
1336 	if (cur_ops->poll_need_2gp && cur_ops->poll_need_2gp(dopoll, dopoll_full))
1337 		sync();
1338 	sync();
1339 	WARN_ONCE(dopoll && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1340 		  "%s: Cookie check 3 failed %pS() online %*pbl.",
1341 		  __func__, sync, cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1342 	WARN_ONCE(dopoll_full && !cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full),
1343 		  "%s: Cookie check 4 failed %pS() online %*pbl",
1344 		  __func__, sync, cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1345 	if (dopoll || dopoll_full)
1346 		cpus_read_unlock();
1347 }
1348 
1349 /*
1350  * RCU torture writer kthread.  Repeatedly substitutes a new structure
1351  * for that pointed to by rcu_torture_current, freeing the old structure
1352  * after a series of grace periods (the "pipeline").
1353  */
1354 static int
1355 rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
1356 {
1357 	bool boot_ended;
1358 	bool can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() && !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1359 	unsigned long cookie;
1360 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
1361 	int expediting = 0;
1362 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1363 	unsigned long gp_snap1;
1364 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap_full;
1365 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap1_full;
1366 	int i;
1367 	int idx;
1368 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
1369 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate rgo[NUM_ACTIVE_RCU_POLL_FULL_OLDSTATE];
1370 	struct rcu_torture *rp;
1371 	struct rcu_torture *old_rp;
1372 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1373 	unsigned long stallsdone = jiffies;
1374 	bool stutter_waited;
1375 	unsigned long ulo[NUM_ACTIVE_RCU_POLL_OLDSTATE];
1376 
1377 	// If a new stall test is added, this must be adjusted.
1378 	if (stall_cpu_holdoff + stall_gp_kthread + stall_cpu)
1379 		stallsdone += (stall_cpu_holdoff + stall_gp_kthread + stall_cpu + 60) * HZ;
1380 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task started");
1381 	if (!can_expedite)
1382 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1383 			 " GP expediting controlled from boot/sysfs for %s.\n",
1384 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
1385 	if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
1386 		      "%s: No update-side primitives.\n", __func__)) {
1387 		/*
1388 		 * No updates primitives, so don't try updating.
1389 		 * The resulting test won't be testing much, hence the
1390 		 * above WARN_ONCE().
1391 		 */
1392 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1393 		torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1394 		return 0;
1395 	}
1396 
1397 	do {
1398 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_FIXED_DELAY;
1399 		torture_hrtimeout_us(500, 1000, &rand);
1400 		rp = rcu_torture_alloc();
1401 		if (rp == NULL)
1402 			continue;
1403 		rp->rtort_pipe_count = 0;
1404 		ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(rp->rtort_pipe_count);
1405 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DELAY;
1406 		udelay(torture_random(&rand) & 0x3ff);
1407 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_REPLACE;
1408 		old_rp = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
1409 					       current == writer_task);
1410 		rp->rtort_mbtest = 1;
1411 		rcu_assign_pointer(rcu_torture_current, rp);
1412 		smp_wmb(); /* Mods to old_rp must follow rcu_assign_pointer() */
1413 		if (old_rp) {
1414 			i = old_rp->rtort_pipe_count;
1415 			if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
1416 				i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
1417 			atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
1418 			WRITE_ONCE(old_rp->rtort_pipe_count,
1419 				   old_rp->rtort_pipe_count + 1);
1420 			ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(old_rp->rtort_pipe_count);
1421 
1422 			// Make sure readers block polled grace periods.
1423 			if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state) {
1424 				idx = cur_ops->readlock();
1425 				cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1426 				WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
1427 					  "%s: Cookie check 1 failed %s(%d) %lu->%lu\n",
1428 					  __func__,
1429 					  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1430 					  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1431 					  cookie, cur_ops->get_gp_state());
1432 				if (cur_ops->get_gp_completed) {
1433 					cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_completed();
1434 					WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie));
1435 				}
1436 				cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
1437 			}
1438 			if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full) {
1439 				idx = cur_ops->readlock();
1440 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&cookie_full);
1441 				WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full),
1442 					  "%s: Cookie check 5 failed %s(%d) online %*pbl\n",
1443 					  __func__,
1444 					  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
1445 					  rcu_torture_writer_state,
1446 					  cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
1447 				if (cur_ops->get_gp_completed_full) {
1448 					cur_ops->get_gp_completed_full(&cookie_full);
1449 					WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full));
1450 				}
1451 				cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
1452 			}
1453 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1454 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1455 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
1456 				cur_ops->deferred_free(old_rp);
1457 				break;
1458 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1459 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
1460 				do_rtws_sync(&rand, cur_ops->exp_sync);
1461 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1462 				break;
1463 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1464 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET;
1465 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1466 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1467 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC;
1468 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1469 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1470 				break;
1471 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP:
1472 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP;
1473 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp();
1474 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1475 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP;
1476 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp(gp_snap);
1477 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1478 				break;
1479 			case RTWS_COND_GET_FULL:
1480 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET_FULL;
1481 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1482 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1483 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC_FULL;
1484 				cur_ops->cond_sync_full(&gp_snap_full);
1485 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1486 				break;
1487 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL:
1488 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL;
1489 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1490 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1491 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_COND_SYNC_EXP_FULL;
1492 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1493 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1494 				break;
1495 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
1496 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET;
1497 				for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ulo); i++)
1498 					ulo[i] = cur_ops->get_comp_state();
1499 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1500 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT;
1501 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap)) {
1502 					gp_snap1 = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1503 					for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ulo); i++)
1504 						if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state(ulo[i]) ||
1505 						    cur_ops->same_gp_state(ulo[i], gp_snap1)) {
1506 							ulo[i] = gp_snap1;
1507 							break;
1508 						}
1509 					WARN_ON_ONCE(i >= ARRAY_SIZE(ulo));
1510 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1511 								  &rand);
1512 				}
1513 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1514 				break;
1515 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL:
1516 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL;
1517 				for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rgo); i++)
1518 					cur_ops->get_comp_state_full(&rgo[i]);
1519 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full(&gp_snap_full);
1520 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_FULL;
1521 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full)) {
1522 					cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap1_full);
1523 					for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rgo); i++)
1524 						if (cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&rgo[i]) ||
1525 						    cur_ops->same_gp_state_full(&rgo[i],
1526 										&gp_snap1_full)) {
1527 							rgo[i] = gp_snap1_full;
1528 							break;
1529 						}
1530 					WARN_ON_ONCE(i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rgo));
1531 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1532 								  &rand);
1533 				}
1534 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1535 				break;
1536 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP:
1537 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP;
1538 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp();
1539 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP;
1540 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp(gp_snap))
1541 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1542 								  &rand);
1543 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1544 				break;
1545 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL:
1546 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL;
1547 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1548 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_POLL_WAIT_EXP_FULL;
1549 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full))
1550 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1551 								  &rand);
1552 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1553 				break;
1554 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1555 				rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_SYNC;
1556 				do_rtws_sync(&rand, cur_ops->sync);
1557 				rcu_torture_pipe_update(old_rp);
1558 				break;
1559 			default:
1560 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1561 				break;
1562 			}
1563 		}
1564 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version,
1565 			   rcu_torture_current_version + 1);
1566 		/* Cycle through nesting levels of rcu_expedite_gp() calls. */
1567 		if (can_expedite &&
1568 		    !(torture_random(&rand) & 0xff & (!!expediting - 1))) {
1569 			WARN_ON_ONCE(expediting == 0 && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1570 			if (expediting >= 0)
1571 				rcu_expedite_gp();
1572 			else
1573 				rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1574 			if (++expediting > 3)
1575 				expediting = -expediting;
1576 		} else if (!can_expedite) { /* Disabled during boot, recheck. */
1577 			can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() &&
1578 				       !rcu_gp_is_normal();
1579 		}
1580 		rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STUTTER;
1581 		boot_ended = rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended();
1582 		stutter_waited = stutter_wait("rcu_torture_writer");
1583 		if (stutter_waited &&
1584 		    !atomic_read(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay) &&
1585 		    !cur_ops->slow_gps &&
1586 		    !torture_must_stop() &&
1587 		    boot_ended &&
1588 		    time_after(jiffies, stallsdone))
1589 			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++)
1590 				if (list_empty(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free) &&
1591 				    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) != &rcu_tortures[i]) {
1592 					tracing_off();
1593 					if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
1594 						cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
1595 					WARN(1, "%s: rtort_pipe_count: %d\n", __func__, rcu_tortures[i].rtort_pipe_count);
1596 					rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
1597 				}
1598 		if (stutter_waited)
1599 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
1600 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1601 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;  // Let stats task know that we are done.
1602 	/* Reset expediting back to unexpedited. */
1603 	if (expediting > 0)
1604 		expediting = -expediting;
1605 	while (can_expedite && expediting++ < 0)
1606 		rcu_unexpedite_gp();
1607 	WARN_ON_ONCE(can_expedite && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
1608 	if (!can_expedite)
1609 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
1610 			 " Dynamic grace-period expediting was disabled.\n",
1611 			 torture_type);
1612 	rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
1613 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
1614 	return 0;
1615 }
1616 
1617 /*
1618  * RCU torture fake writer kthread.  Repeatedly calls sync, with a random
1619  * delay between calls.
1620  */
1621 static int
1622 rcu_torture_fakewriter(void *arg)
1623 {
1624 	unsigned long gp_snap;
1625 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate gp_snap_full;
1626 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
1627 
1628 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fakewriter task started");
1629 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
1630 
1631 	if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
1632 		      "%s: No update-side primitives.\n", __func__)) {
1633 		/*
1634 		 * No updates primitives, so don't try updating.
1635 		 * The resulting test won't be testing much, hence the
1636 		 * above WARN_ONCE().
1637 		 */
1638 		torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1639 		return 0;
1640 	}
1641 
1642 	do {
1643 		torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 10, &rand);
1644 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL &&
1645 		    torture_random(&rand) % (nfakewriters * 8) == 0) {
1646 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
1647 		} else {
1648 			switch (synctype[torture_random(&rand) % nsynctypes]) {
1649 			case RTWS_DEF_FREE:
1650 				break;
1651 			case RTWS_EXP_SYNC:
1652 				cur_ops->exp_sync();
1653 				break;
1654 			case RTWS_COND_GET:
1655 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1656 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1657 				cur_ops->cond_sync(gp_snap);
1658 				break;
1659 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP:
1660 				gp_snap = cur_ops->get_gp_state_exp();
1661 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1662 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp(gp_snap);
1663 				break;
1664 			case RTWS_COND_GET_FULL:
1665 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1666 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1667 				cur_ops->cond_sync_full(&gp_snap_full);
1668 				break;
1669 			case RTWS_COND_GET_EXP_FULL:
1670 				cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full);
1671 				torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16, &rand);
1672 				cur_ops->cond_sync_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1673 				break;
1674 			case RTWS_POLL_GET:
1675 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll();
1676 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state(gp_snap)) {
1677 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1678 								  &rand);
1679 				}
1680 				break;
1681 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_FULL:
1682 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_full(&gp_snap_full);
1683 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full)) {
1684 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1685 								  &rand);
1686 				}
1687 				break;
1688 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP:
1689 				gp_snap = cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp();
1690 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_exp(gp_snap)) {
1691 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1692 								  &rand);
1693 				}
1694 				break;
1695 			case RTWS_POLL_GET_EXP_FULL:
1696 				cur_ops->start_gp_poll_exp_full(&gp_snap_full);
1697 				while (!cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&gp_snap_full)) {
1698 					torture_hrtimeout_jiffies(torture_random(&rand) % 16,
1699 								  &rand);
1700 				}
1701 				break;
1702 			case RTWS_SYNC:
1703 				cur_ops->sync();
1704 				break;
1705 			default:
1706 				WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
1707 				break;
1708 			}
1709 		}
1710 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1711 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
1712 
1713 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
1714 	return 0;
1715 }
1716 
1717 static void rcu_torture_timer_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
1718 {
1719 	kfree(rhp);
1720 }
1721 
1722 // Set up and carry out testing of RCU's global memory ordering
1723 static void rcu_torture_reader_do_mbchk(long myid, struct rcu_torture *rtp,
1724 					struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1725 {
1726 	unsigned long loops;
1727 	int noc = torture_num_online_cpus();
1728 	int rdrchked;
1729 	int rdrchker;
1730 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp; // Me.
1731 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_assigner; // Assigned us to do checking.
1732 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_chked; // Reader being checked.
1733 	struct rcu_torture_reader_check *rtrcp_chker; // Reader doing checking when not me.
1734 
1735 	if (myid < 0)
1736 		return; // Don't try this from timer handlers.
1737 
1738 	// Increment my counter.
1739 	rtrcp = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[myid];
1740 	WRITE_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_myloops, rtrcp->rtc_myloops + 1);
1741 
1742 	// Attempt to assign someone else some checking work.
1743 	rdrchked = torture_random(trsp) % nrealreaders;
1744 	rtrcp_chked = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchked];
1745 	rdrchker = torture_random(trsp) % nrealreaders;
1746 	rtrcp_chker = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchker];
1747 	if (rdrchked != myid && rdrchked != rdrchker && noc >= rdrchked && noc >= rdrchker &&
1748 	    smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr) < 0 && // Pairs with smp_store_release below.
1749 	    !READ_ONCE(rtp->rtort_chkp) &&
1750 	    !smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner)) { // Pairs with smp_store_release below.
1751 		rtrcp->rtc_chkloops = READ_ONCE(rtrcp_chked->rtc_myloops);
1752 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr >= 0);
1753 		rtrcp->rtc_chkrdr = rdrchked;
1754 		WARN_ON_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_ready); // This gets set after the grace period ends.
1755 		if (cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner, NULL, rtrcp) ||
1756 		    cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtp->rtort_chkp, NULL, rtrcp))
1757 			(void)cmpxchg_relaxed(&rtrcp_chker->rtc_assigner, rtrcp, NULL); // Back out.
1758 	}
1759 
1760 	// If assigned some completed work, do it!
1761 	rtrcp_assigner = READ_ONCE(rtrcp->rtc_assigner);
1762 	if (!rtrcp_assigner || !smp_load_acquire(&rtrcp_assigner->rtc_ready))
1763 		return; // No work or work not yet ready.
1764 	rdrchked = rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkrdr;
1765 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(rdrchked < 0))
1766 		return;
1767 	rtrcp_chked = &rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[rdrchked];
1768 	loops = READ_ONCE(rtrcp_chked->rtc_myloops);
1769 	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries);
1770 	if (ULONG_CMP_LT(loops, rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkloops))
1771 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail);
1772 	rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkloops = loops + ULONG_MAX / 2;
1773 	rtrcp_assigner->rtc_ready = 0;
1774 	smp_store_release(&rtrcp->rtc_assigner, NULL); // Someone else can assign us work.
1775 	smp_store_release(&rtrcp_assigner->rtc_chkrdr, -1); // Assigner can again assign.
1776 }
1777 
1778 /*
1779  * Do one extension of an RCU read-side critical section using the
1780  * current reader state in readstate (set to zero for initial entry
1781  * to extended critical section), set the new state as specified by
1782  * newstate (set to zero for final exit from extended critical section),
1783  * and random-number-generator state in trsp.  If this is neither the
1784  * beginning or end of the critical section and if there was actually a
1785  * change, do a ->read_delay().
1786  */
1787 static void rcutorture_one_extend(int *readstate, int newstate,
1788 				  struct torture_random_state *trsp,
1789 				  struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
1790 {
1791 	unsigned long flags;
1792 	int idxnew1 = -1;
1793 	int idxnew2 = -1;
1794 	int idxold1 = *readstate;
1795 	int idxold2 = idxold1;
1796 	int statesnew = ~*readstate & newstate;
1797 	int statesold = *readstate & ~newstate;
1798 
1799 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxold2 < 0);
1800 	WARN_ON_ONCE((idxold2 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) > 1);
1801 	rtrsp->rt_readstate = newstate;
1802 
1803 	/* First, put new protection in place to avoid critical-section gap. */
1804 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
1805 		local_bh_disable();
1806 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
1807 		rcu_read_lock_bh();
1808 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1809 		local_irq_disable();
1810 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
1811 		preempt_disable();
1812 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
1813 		rcu_read_lock_sched();
1814 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
1815 		idxnew1 = (cur_ops->readlock() & 0x1) << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1;
1816 	if (statesnew & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)
1817 		idxnew2 = (cur_ops->readlock() & 0x1) << RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2;
1818 
1819 	/*
1820 	 * Next, remove old protection, in decreasing order of strength
1821 	 * to avoid unlock paths that aren't safe in the stronger
1822 	 * context. Namely: BH can not be enabled with disabled interrupts.
1823 	 * Additionally PREEMPT_RT requires that BH is enabled in preemptible
1824 	 * context.
1825 	 */
1826 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1827 		local_irq_enable();
1828 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT)
1829 		preempt_enable();
1830 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED)
1831 		rcu_read_unlock_sched();
1832 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH)
1833 		local_bh_enable();
1834 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH)
1835 		rcu_read_unlock_bh();
1836 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2) {
1837 		cur_ops->readunlock((idxold2 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) & 0x1);
1838 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew2 != -1);
1839 		idxold2 = 0;
1840 	}
1841 	if (statesold & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1) {
1842 		bool lockit;
1843 
1844 		lockit = !cur_ops->no_pi_lock && !statesnew && !(torture_random(trsp) & 0xffff);
1845 		if (lockit)
1846 			raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&current->pi_lock, flags);
1847 		cur_ops->readunlock((idxold1 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1) & 0x1);
1848 		WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 != -1);
1849 		idxold1 = 0;
1850 		if (lockit)
1851 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&current->pi_lock, flags);
1852 	}
1853 
1854 	/* Delay if neither beginning nor end and there was a change. */
1855 	if ((statesnew || statesold) && *readstate && newstate)
1856 		cur_ops->read_delay(trsp, rtrsp);
1857 
1858 	/* Update the reader state. */
1859 	if (idxnew1 == -1)
1860 		idxnew1 = idxold1 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_1;
1861 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew1 < 0);
1862 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE((idxnew1 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1) > 1))
1863 		pr_info("Unexpected idxnew1 value of %#x\n", idxnew1);
1864 	if (idxnew2 == -1)
1865 		idxnew2 = idxold2 & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MASK_2;
1866 	WARN_ON_ONCE(idxnew2 < 0);
1867 	WARN_ON_ONCE((idxnew2 >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) > 1);
1868 	*readstate = idxnew1 | idxnew2 | newstate;
1869 	WARN_ON_ONCE(*readstate < 0);
1870 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE((*readstate >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_2) > 1))
1871 		pr_info("Unexpected idxnew2 value of %#x\n", idxnew2);
1872 }
1873 
1874 /* Return the biggest extendables mask given current RCU and boot parameters. */
1875 static int rcutorture_extend_mask_max(void)
1876 {
1877 	int mask;
1878 
1879 	WARN_ON_ONCE(extendables & ~RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND);
1880 	mask = extendables & RCUTORTURE_MAX_EXTEND & cur_ops->extendables;
1881 	mask = mask | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1 | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
1882 	return mask;
1883 }
1884 
1885 /* Return a random protection state mask, but with at least one bit set. */
1886 static int
1887 rcutorture_extend_mask(int oldmask, struct torture_random_state *trsp)
1888 {
1889 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
1890 	unsigned long randmask1 = torture_random(trsp);
1891 	unsigned long randmask2 = randmask1 >> 3;
1892 	unsigned long preempts = RCUTORTURE_RDR_PREEMPT | RCUTORTURE_RDR_SCHED;
1893 	unsigned long preempts_irq = preempts | RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ;
1894 	unsigned long bhs = RCUTORTURE_RDR_BH | RCUTORTURE_RDR_RBH;
1895 
1896 	WARN_ON_ONCE(mask >> RCUTORTURE_RDR_SHIFT_1);
1897 	/* Mostly only one bit (need preemption!), sometimes lots of bits. */
1898 	if (!(randmask1 & 0x7))
1899 		mask = mask & randmask2;
1900 	else
1901 		mask = mask & (1 << (randmask2 % RCUTORTURE_RDR_NBITS));
1902 
1903 	// Can't have nested RCU reader without outer RCU reader.
1904 	if (!(mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1) && (mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2)) {
1905 		if (oldmask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1)
1906 			mask &= ~RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_2;
1907 		else
1908 			mask |= RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1;
1909 	}
1910 
1911 	/*
1912 	 * Can't enable bh w/irq disabled.
1913 	 */
1914 	if (mask & RCUTORTURE_RDR_IRQ)
1915 		mask |= oldmask & bhs;
1916 
1917 	/*
1918 	 * Ideally these sequences would be detected in debug builds
1919 	 * (regardless of RT), but until then don't stop testing
1920 	 * them on non-RT.
1921 	 */
1922 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)) {
1923 		/* Can't modify BH in atomic context */
1924 		if (oldmask & preempts_irq)
1925 			mask &= ~bhs;
1926 		if ((oldmask | mask) & preempts_irq)
1927 			mask |= oldmask & bhs;
1928 	}
1929 
1930 	return mask ?: RCUTORTURE_RDR_RCU_1;
1931 }
1932 
1933 /*
1934  * Do a randomly selected number of extensions of an existing RCU read-side
1935  * critical section.
1936  */
1937 static struct rt_read_seg *
1938 rcutorture_loop_extend(int *readstate, struct torture_random_state *trsp,
1939 		       struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp)
1940 {
1941 	int i;
1942 	int j;
1943 	int mask = rcutorture_extend_mask_max();
1944 
1945 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!*readstate); /* -Existing- RCU read-side critsect! */
1946 	if (!((mask - 1) & mask))
1947 		return rtrsp;  /* Current RCU reader not extendable. */
1948 	/* Bias towards larger numbers of loops. */
1949 	i = torture_random(trsp);
1950 	i = ((i | (i >> 3)) & RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_LOOPS) + 1;
1951 	for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
1952 		mask = rcutorture_extend_mask(*readstate, trsp);
1953 		rcutorture_one_extend(readstate, mask, trsp, &rtrsp[j]);
1954 	}
1955 	return &rtrsp[j];
1956 }
1957 
1958 /*
1959  * Do one read-side critical section, returning false if there was
1960  * no data to read.  Can be invoked both from process context and
1961  * from a timer handler.
1962  */
1963 static bool rcu_torture_one_read(struct torture_random_state *trsp, long myid)
1964 {
1965 	bool checkpolling = !(torture_random(trsp) & 0xfff);
1966 	unsigned long cookie;
1967 	struct rcu_gp_oldstate cookie_full;
1968 	int i;
1969 	unsigned long started;
1970 	unsigned long completed;
1971 	int newstate;
1972 	struct rcu_torture *p;
1973 	int pipe_count;
1974 	int readstate = 0;
1975 	struct rt_read_seg rtseg[RCUTORTURE_RDR_MAX_SEGS] = { { 0 } };
1976 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp = &rtseg[0];
1977 	struct rt_read_seg *rtrsp1;
1978 	unsigned long long ts;
1979 
1980 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_is_watching());
1981 	newstate = rcutorture_extend_mask(readstate, trsp);
1982 	rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, newstate, trsp, rtrsp++);
1983 	if (checkpolling) {
1984 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
1985 			cookie = cur_ops->get_gp_state();
1986 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)
1987 			cur_ops->get_gp_state_full(&cookie_full);
1988 	}
1989 	started = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
1990 	ts = rcu_trace_clock_local();
1991 	p = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
1992 				  !cur_ops->readlock_held || cur_ops->readlock_held());
1993 	if (p == NULL) {
1994 		/* Wait for rcu_torture_writer to get underway */
1995 		rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, 0, trsp, rtrsp);
1996 		return false;
1997 	}
1998 	if (p->rtort_mbtest == 0)
1999 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mberror);
2000 	rcu_torture_reader_do_mbchk(myid, p, trsp);
2001 	rtrsp = rcutorture_loop_extend(&readstate, trsp, rtrsp);
2002 	preempt_disable();
2003 	pipe_count = READ_ONCE(p->rtort_pipe_count);
2004 	if (pipe_count > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
2005 		// Should not happen in a correct RCU implementation,
2006 		// happens quite often for torture_type=busted.
2007 		pipe_count = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
2008 	}
2009 	completed = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2010 	if (pipe_count > 1) {
2011 		do_trace_rcu_torture_read(cur_ops->name, &p->rtort_rcu,
2012 					  ts, started, completed);
2013 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
2014 	}
2015 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_count[pipe_count]);
2016 	completed = rcutorture_seq_diff(completed, started);
2017 	if (completed > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
2018 		/* Should not happen, but... */
2019 		completed = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
2020 	}
2021 	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_batch[completed]);
2022 	preempt_enable();
2023 	if (checkpolling) {
2024 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state && cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
2025 			WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state(cookie),
2026 				  "%s: Cookie check 2 failed %s(%d) %lu->%lu\n",
2027 				  __func__,
2028 				  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
2029 				  rcu_torture_writer_state,
2030 				  cookie, cur_ops->get_gp_state());
2031 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_state_full && cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full)
2032 			WARN_ONCE(cur_ops->poll_gp_state_full(&cookie_full),
2033 				  "%s: Cookie check 6 failed %s(%d) online %*pbl\n",
2034 				  __func__,
2035 				  rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
2036 				  rcu_torture_writer_state,
2037 				  cpumask_pr_args(cpu_online_mask));
2038 	}
2039 	rcutorture_one_extend(&readstate, 0, trsp, rtrsp);
2040 	WARN_ON_ONCE(readstate);
2041 	// This next splat is expected behavior if leakpointer, especially
2042 	// for CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD=y kernels.
2043 	WARN_ON_ONCE(leakpointer && READ_ONCE(p->rtort_pipe_count) > 1);
2044 
2045 	/* If error or close call, record the sequence of reader protections. */
2046 	if ((pipe_count > 1 || completed > 1) && !xchg(&err_segs_recorded, 1)) {
2047 		i = 0;
2048 		for (rtrsp1 = &rtseg[0]; rtrsp1 < rtrsp; rtrsp1++)
2049 			err_segs[i++] = *rtrsp1;
2050 		rt_read_nsegs = i;
2051 	}
2052 
2053 	return true;
2054 }
2055 
2056 static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM_PERCPU(rcu_torture_timer_rand);
2057 
2058 /*
2059  * RCU torture reader from timer handler.  Dereferences rcu_torture_current,
2060  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
2061  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
2062  * RCU implementation is broken.
2063  */
2064 static void rcu_torture_timer(struct timer_list *unused)
2065 {
2066 	atomic_long_inc(&n_rcu_torture_timers);
2067 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_torture_timer_rand), -1);
2068 
2069 	/* Test call_rcu() invocation from interrupt handler. */
2070 	if (cur_ops->call) {
2071 		struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_NOWAIT);
2072 
2073 		if (rhp)
2074 			cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_timer_cb);
2075 	}
2076 }
2077 
2078 /*
2079  * RCU torture reader kthread.  Repeatedly dereferences rcu_torture_current,
2080  * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
2081  * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
2082  * RCU implementation is broken.
2083  */
2084 static int
2085 rcu_torture_reader(void *arg)
2086 {
2087 	unsigned long lastsleep = jiffies;
2088 	long myid = (long)arg;
2089 	int mynumonline = myid;
2090 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
2091 	struct timer_list t;
2092 
2093 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_reader task started");
2094 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2095 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable)
2096 		timer_setup_on_stack(&t, rcu_torture_timer, 0);
2097 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2098 	do {
2099 		if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
2100 			if (!timer_pending(&t))
2101 				mod_timer(&t, jiffies + 1);
2102 		}
2103 		if (!rcu_torture_one_read(&rand, myid) && !torture_must_stop())
2104 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ);
2105 		if (time_after(jiffies, lastsleep) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2106 			torture_hrtimeout_us(500, 1000, &rand);
2107 			lastsleep = jiffies + 10;
2108 		}
2109 		while (torture_num_online_cpus() < mynumonline && !torture_must_stop())
2110 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 5);
2111 		stutter_wait("rcu_torture_reader");
2112 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2113 	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
2114 		del_timer_sync(&t);
2115 		destroy_timer_on_stack(&t);
2116 	}
2117 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2118 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_reader");
2119 	return 0;
2120 }
2121 
2122 /*
2123  * Randomly Toggle CPUs' callback-offload state.  This uses hrtimers to
2124  * increase race probabilities and fuzzes the interval between toggling.
2125  */
2126 static int rcu_nocb_toggle(void *arg)
2127 {
2128 	int cpu;
2129 	int maxcpu = -1;
2130 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
2131 	long r;
2132 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(rand);
2133 	ktime_t toggle_delay;
2134 	unsigned long toggle_fuzz;
2135 	ktime_t toggle_interval = ms_to_ktime(nocbs_toggle);
2136 
2137 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_nocb_toggle task started");
2138 	while (!rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended())
2139 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
2140 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
2141 		maxcpu = cpu;
2142 	WARN_ON(maxcpu < 0);
2143 	if (toggle_interval > ULONG_MAX)
2144 		toggle_fuzz = ULONG_MAX >> 3;
2145 	else
2146 		toggle_fuzz = toggle_interval >> 3;
2147 	if (toggle_fuzz <= 0)
2148 		toggle_fuzz = NSEC_PER_USEC;
2149 	do {
2150 		r = torture_random(&rand);
2151 		cpu = (r >> 1) % (maxcpu + 1);
2152 		if (r & 0x1) {
2153 			rcu_nocb_cpu_offload(cpu);
2154 			atomic_long_inc(&n_nocb_offload);
2155 		} else {
2156 			rcu_nocb_cpu_deoffload(cpu);
2157 			atomic_long_inc(&n_nocb_deoffload);
2158 		}
2159 		toggle_delay = torture_random(&rand) % toggle_fuzz + toggle_interval;
2160 		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
2161 		schedule_hrtimeout(&toggle_delay, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
2162 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_nocb_toggle"))
2163 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
2164 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2165 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_nocb_toggle");
2166 	return 0;
2167 }
2168 
2169 /*
2170  * Print torture statistics.  Caller must ensure that there is only
2171  * one call to this function at a given time!!!  This is normally
2172  * accomplished by relying on the module system to only have one copy
2173  * of the module loaded, and then by giving the rcu_torture_stats
2174  * kthread full control (or the init/cleanup functions when rcu_torture_stats
2175  * thread is not running).
2176  */
2177 static void
2178 rcu_torture_stats_print(void)
2179 {
2180 	int cpu;
2181 	int i;
2182 	long pipesummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
2183 	long batchsummary[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1] = { 0 };
2184 	struct rcu_torture *rtcp;
2185 	static unsigned long rtcv_snap = ULONG_MAX;
2186 	static bool splatted;
2187 	struct task_struct *wtp;
2188 
2189 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
2190 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
2191 			pipesummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i]);
2192 			batchsummary[i] += READ_ONCE(per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i]);
2193 		}
2194 	}
2195 	for (i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN; i >= 0; i--) {
2196 		if (pipesummary[i] != 0)
2197 			break;
2198 	}
2199 
2200 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2201 	rtcp = rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current);
2202 	pr_cont("rtc: %p %s: %lu tfle: %d rta: %d rtaf: %d rtf: %d ",
2203 		rtcp,
2204 		rtcp && !rcu_stall_is_suppressed_at_boot() ? "ver" : "VER",
2205 		rcu_torture_current_version,
2206 		list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist),
2207 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc),
2208 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail),
2209 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_free));
2210 	pr_cont("rtmbe: %d rtmbkf: %d/%d rtbe: %ld rtbke: %ld ",
2211 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror),
2212 		atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail), atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries),
2213 		n_rcu_torture_barrier_error,
2214 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror);
2215 	pr_cont("rtbf: %ld rtb: %ld nt: %ld ",
2216 		n_rcu_torture_boost_failure,
2217 		n_rcu_torture_boosts,
2218 		atomic_long_read(&n_rcu_torture_timers));
2219 	torture_onoff_stats();
2220 	pr_cont("barrier: %ld/%ld:%ld ",
2221 		data_race(n_barrier_successes),
2222 		data_race(n_barrier_attempts),
2223 		data_race(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error));
2224 	pr_cont("read-exits: %ld ", data_race(n_read_exits)); // Statistic.
2225 	pr_cont("nocb-toggles: %ld:%ld\n",
2226 		atomic_long_read(&n_nocb_offload), atomic_long_read(&n_nocb_deoffload));
2227 
2228 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2229 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror) ||
2230 	    atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail) ||
2231 	    n_rcu_torture_barrier_error || n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror ||
2232 	    n_rcu_torture_boost_failure || i > 1) {
2233 		pr_cont("%s", "!!! ");
2234 		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_error);
2235 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mberror));
2236 		WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail));
2237 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_barrier_error);  // rcu_barrier()
2238 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror); // no boost kthread
2239 		WARN_ON_ONCE(n_rcu_torture_boost_failure); // boost failed (TIMER_SOFTIRQ RT prio?)
2240 		WARN_ON_ONCE(i > 1); // Too-short grace period
2241 	}
2242 	pr_cont("Reader Pipe: ");
2243 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
2244 		pr_cont(" %ld", pipesummary[i]);
2245 	pr_cont("\n");
2246 
2247 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2248 	pr_cont("Reader Batch: ");
2249 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
2250 		pr_cont(" %ld", batchsummary[i]);
2251 	pr_cont("\n");
2252 
2253 	pr_alert("%s%s ", torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG);
2254 	pr_cont("Free-Block Circulation: ");
2255 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
2256 		pr_cont(" %d", atomic_read(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]));
2257 	}
2258 	pr_cont("\n");
2259 
2260 	if (cur_ops->stats)
2261 		cur_ops->stats();
2262 	if (rtcv_snap == rcu_torture_current_version &&
2263 	    rcu_access_pointer(rcu_torture_current) &&
2264 	    !rcu_stall_is_suppressed()) {
2265 		int __maybe_unused flags = 0;
2266 		unsigned long __maybe_unused gp_seq = 0;
2267 
2268 		if (cur_ops->get_gp_data)
2269 			cur_ops->get_gp_data(&flags, &gp_seq);
2270 		wtp = READ_ONCE(writer_task);
2271 		pr_alert("??? Writer stall state %s(%d) g%lu f%#x ->state %#x cpu %d\n",
2272 			 rcu_torture_writer_state_getname(),
2273 			 rcu_torture_writer_state, gp_seq, flags,
2274 			 wtp == NULL ? ~0U : wtp->__state,
2275 			 wtp == NULL ? -1 : (int)task_cpu(wtp));
2276 		if (!splatted && wtp) {
2277 			sched_show_task(wtp);
2278 			splatted = true;
2279 		}
2280 		if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
2281 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
2282 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
2283 	}
2284 	rtcv_snap = rcu_torture_current_version;
2285 }
2286 
2287 /*
2288  * Periodically prints torture statistics, if periodic statistics printing
2289  * was specified via the stat_interval module parameter.
2290  */
2291 static int
2292 rcu_torture_stats(void *arg)
2293 {
2294 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stats task started");
2295 	do {
2296 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stat_interval * HZ);
2297 		rcu_torture_stats_print();
2298 		torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stats");
2299 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2300 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_stats");
2301 	return 0;
2302 }
2303 
2304 /* Test mem_dump_obj() and friends.  */
2305 static void rcu_torture_mem_dump_obj(void)
2306 {
2307 	struct rcu_head *rhp;
2308 	struct kmem_cache *kcp;
2309 	static int z;
2310 
2311 	kcp = kmem_cache_create("rcuscale", 136, 8, SLAB_STORE_USER, NULL);
2312 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!kcp))
2313 		return;
2314 	rhp = kmem_cache_alloc(kcp, GFP_KERNEL);
2315 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rhp)) {
2316 		kmem_cache_destroy(kcp);
2317 		return;
2318 	}
2319 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() slab test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px, &z = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp, &z);
2320 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(ZERO_SIZE_PTR):");
2321 	mem_dump_obj(ZERO_SIZE_PTR);
2322 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(NULL):");
2323 	mem_dump_obj(NULL);
2324 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &rhp);
2325 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp);
2326 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", rhp);
2327 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2328 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &rhp->func);
2329 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2330 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(%px):", &z);
2331 	mem_dump_obj(&z);
2332 	kmem_cache_free(kcp, rhp);
2333 	kmem_cache_destroy(kcp);
2334 	rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
2335 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rhp))
2336 		return;
2337 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() kmalloc test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp);
2338 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(kmalloc %px):", rhp);
2339 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2340 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(kmalloc %px):", &rhp->func);
2341 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2342 	kfree(rhp);
2343 	rhp = vmalloc(4096);
2344 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rhp))
2345 		return;
2346 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj() vmalloc test: rcu_torture_stats = %px, &rhp = %px, rhp = %px\n", stats_task, &rhp, rhp);
2347 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(vmalloc %px):", rhp);
2348 	mem_dump_obj(rhp);
2349 	pr_alert("mem_dump_obj(vmalloc %px):", &rhp->func);
2350 	mem_dump_obj(&rhp->func);
2351 	vfree(rhp);
2352 }
2353 
2354 static void
2355 rcu_torture_print_module_parms(struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops, const char *tag)
2356 {
2357 	pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
2358 		 "--- %s: nreaders=%d nfakewriters=%d "
2359 		 "stat_interval=%d verbose=%d test_no_idle_hz=%d "
2360 		 "shuffle_interval=%d stutter=%d irqreader=%d "
2361 		 "fqs_duration=%d fqs_holdoff=%d fqs_stutter=%d "
2362 		 "test_boost=%d/%d test_boost_interval=%d "
2363 		 "test_boost_duration=%d shutdown_secs=%d "
2364 		 "stall_cpu=%d stall_cpu_holdoff=%d stall_cpu_irqsoff=%d "
2365 		 "stall_cpu_block=%d "
2366 		 "n_barrier_cbs=%d "
2367 		 "onoff_interval=%d onoff_holdoff=%d "
2368 		 "read_exit_delay=%d read_exit_burst=%d "
2369 		 "nocbs_nthreads=%d nocbs_toggle=%d "
2370 		 "test_nmis=%d\n",
2371 		 torture_type, tag, nrealreaders, nfakewriters,
2372 		 stat_interval, verbose, test_no_idle_hz, shuffle_interval,
2373 		 stutter, irqreader, fqs_duration, fqs_holdoff, fqs_stutter,
2374 		 test_boost, cur_ops->can_boost,
2375 		 test_boost_interval, test_boost_duration, shutdown_secs,
2376 		 stall_cpu, stall_cpu_holdoff, stall_cpu_irqsoff,
2377 		 stall_cpu_block,
2378 		 n_barrier_cbs,
2379 		 onoff_interval, onoff_holdoff,
2380 		 read_exit_delay, read_exit_burst,
2381 		 nocbs_nthreads, nocbs_toggle,
2382 		 test_nmis);
2383 }
2384 
2385 static int rcutorture_booster_cleanup(unsigned int cpu)
2386 {
2387 	struct task_struct *t;
2388 
2389 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] == NULL)
2390 		return 0;
2391 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
2392 	t = boost_tasks[cpu];
2393 	boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
2394 	rcu_torture_enable_rt_throttle();
2395 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2396 
2397 	/* This must be outside of the mutex, otherwise deadlock! */
2398 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_boost, t);
2399 	return 0;
2400 }
2401 
2402 static int rcutorture_booster_init(unsigned int cpu)
2403 {
2404 	int retval;
2405 
2406 	if (boost_tasks[cpu] != NULL)
2407 		return 0;  /* Already created, nothing more to do. */
2408 
2409 	// Testing RCU priority boosting requires rcutorture do
2410 	// some serious abuse.  Counter this by running ksoftirqd
2411 	// at higher priority.
2412 	if (IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)) {
2413 		struct sched_param sp;
2414 		struct task_struct *t;
2415 
2416 		t = per_cpu(ksoftirqd, cpu);
2417 		WARN_ON_ONCE(!t);
2418 		sp.sched_priority = 2;
2419 		sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp);
2420 	}
2421 
2422 	/* Don't allow time recalculation while creating a new task. */
2423 	mutex_lock(&boost_mutex);
2424 	rcu_torture_disable_rt_throttle();
2425 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("Creating rcu_torture_boost task");
2426 	boost_tasks[cpu] = kthread_run_on_cpu(rcu_torture_boost, NULL,
2427 					      cpu, "rcu_torture_boost_%u");
2428 	if (IS_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu])) {
2429 		retval = PTR_ERR(boost_tasks[cpu]);
2430 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_boost task create failed");
2431 		n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror++;
2432 		boost_tasks[cpu] = NULL;
2433 		mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2434 		return retval;
2435 	}
2436 	mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
2437 	return 0;
2438 }
2439 
2440 static int rcu_torture_stall_nf(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long v, void *ptr)
2441 {
2442 	pr_info("%s: v=%lu, duration=%lu.\n", __func__, v, (unsigned long)ptr);
2443 	return NOTIFY_OK;
2444 }
2445 
2446 static struct notifier_block rcu_torture_stall_block = {
2447 	.notifier_call = rcu_torture_stall_nf,
2448 };
2449 
2450 /*
2451  * CPU-stall kthread.  It waits as specified by stall_cpu_holdoff, then
2452  * induces a CPU stall for the time specified by stall_cpu.  If a new
2453  * stall test is added, stallsdone in rcu_torture_writer() must be adjusted.
2454  */
2455 static int rcu_torture_stall(void *args)
2456 {
2457 	int idx;
2458 	int ret;
2459 	unsigned long stop_at;
2460 
2461 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall task started");
2462 	if (rcu_cpu_stall_notifiers) {
2463 		ret = rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register(&rcu_torture_stall_block);
2464 		if (ret)
2465 			pr_info("%s: rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register() returned %d, %sexpected.\n",
2466 				__func__, ret, !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_STALL_COMMON) ? "un" : "");
2467 	}
2468 	if (stall_cpu_holdoff > 0) {
2469 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin holdoff");
2470 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(stall_cpu_holdoff * HZ);
2471 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall end holdoff");
2472 	}
2473 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_gp_kthread > 0) {
2474 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin GP stall");
2475 		rcu_gp_set_torture_wait(stall_gp_kthread * HZ);
2476 		for (idx = 0; idx < stall_gp_kthread + 2; idx++) {
2477 			if (kthread_should_stop())
2478 				break;
2479 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2480 		}
2481 	}
2482 	if (!kthread_should_stop() && stall_cpu > 0) {
2483 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_stall begin CPU stall");
2484 		stop_at = ktime_get_seconds() + stall_cpu;
2485 		/* RCU CPU stall is expected behavior in following code. */
2486 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
2487 		if (stall_cpu_irqsoff)
2488 			local_irq_disable();
2489 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
2490 			preempt_disable();
2491 		pr_alert("%s start on CPU %d.\n",
2492 			  __func__, raw_smp_processor_id());
2493 		while (ULONG_CMP_LT((unsigned long)ktime_get_seconds(), stop_at) &&
2494 		       !kthread_should_stop())
2495 			if (stall_cpu_block) {
2496 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPTION
2497 				preempt_schedule();
2498 #else
2499 				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
2500 #endif
2501 			} else if (stall_no_softlockup) {
2502 				touch_softlockup_watchdog();
2503 			}
2504 		if (stall_cpu_irqsoff)
2505 			local_irq_enable();
2506 		else if (!stall_cpu_block)
2507 			preempt_enable();
2508 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
2509 	}
2510 	pr_alert("%s end.\n", __func__);
2511 	if (rcu_cpu_stall_notifiers && !ret) {
2512 		ret = rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister(&rcu_torture_stall_block);
2513 		if (ret)
2514 			pr_info("%s: rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister() returned %d.\n", __func__, ret);
2515 	}
2516 	torture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_stall");
2517 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
2518 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(10 * HZ);
2519 	return 0;
2520 }
2521 
2522 /* Spawn CPU-stall kthread, if stall_cpu specified. */
2523 static int __init rcu_torture_stall_init(void)
2524 {
2525 	if (stall_cpu <= 0 && stall_gp_kthread <= 0)
2526 		return 0;
2527 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, NULL, stall_task);
2528 }
2529 
2530 /* State structure for forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback. */
2531 struct fwd_cb_state {
2532 	struct rcu_head rh;
2533 	int stop;
2534 };
2535 
2536 /*
2537  * Forward-progress self-propagating RCU callback function.  Because
2538  * callbacks run from softirq, this function is an implicit RCU read-side
2539  * critical section.
2540  */
2541 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
2542 {
2543 	struct fwd_cb_state *fcsp = container_of(rhp, struct fwd_cb_state, rh);
2544 
2545 	if (READ_ONCE(fcsp->stop)) {
2546 		WRITE_ONCE(fcsp->stop, 2);
2547 		return;
2548 	}
2549 	cur_ops->call(&fcsp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
2550 }
2551 
2552 /* State for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
2553 struct rcu_fwd_cb {
2554 	struct rcu_head rh;
2555 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfc_next;
2556 	struct rcu_fwd *rfc_rfp;
2557 	int rfc_gps;
2558 };
2559 
2560 #define MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES	(8 * HZ) /* Maximum CB test duration. */
2561 #define MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS	3	/* This many CB invocations to count. */
2562 #define MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED	100	/* Number of counted CBs. */
2563 #define FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV	10	/* Histogram buckets/second. */
2564 #define N_LAUNDERS_HIST (2 * MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV))
2565 
2566 struct rcu_launder_hist {
2567 	long n_launders;
2568 	unsigned long launder_gp_seq;
2569 };
2570 
2571 struct rcu_fwd {
2572 	spinlock_t rcu_fwd_lock;
2573 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2574 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
2575 	long n_launders_cb;
2576 	unsigned long rcu_fwd_startat;
2577 	struct rcu_launder_hist n_launders_hist[N_LAUNDERS_HIST];
2578 	unsigned long rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
2579 	int rcu_fwd_id;
2580 };
2581 
2582 static DEFINE_MUTEX(rcu_fwd_mutex);
2583 static struct rcu_fwd *rcu_fwds;
2584 static unsigned long rcu_fwd_seq;
2585 static atomic_long_t rcu_fwd_max_cbs;
2586 static bool rcu_fwd_emergency_stop;
2587 
2588 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2589 {
2590 	unsigned long gps;
2591 	unsigned long gps_old;
2592 	int i;
2593 	int j;
2594 
2595 	for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1; i > 0; i--)
2596 		if (rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders > 0)
2597 			break;
2598 	pr_alert("%s: Callback-invocation histogram %d (duration %lu jiffies):",
2599 		 __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id, jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat);
2600 	gps_old = rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start;
2601 	for (j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
2602 		gps = rfp->n_launders_hist[j].launder_gp_seq;
2603 		pr_cont(" %ds/%d: %ld:%ld",
2604 			j + 1, FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV,
2605 			rfp->n_launders_hist[j].n_launders,
2606 			rcutorture_seq_diff(gps, gps_old));
2607 		gps_old = gps;
2608 	}
2609 	pr_cont("\n");
2610 }
2611 
2612 /* Callback function for continuous-flood RCU callbacks. */
2613 static void rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr(struct rcu_head *rhp)
2614 {
2615 	unsigned long flags;
2616 	int i;
2617 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp = container_of(rhp, struct rcu_fwd_cb, rh);
2618 	struct rcu_fwd_cb **rfcpp;
2619 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = rfcp->rfc_rfp;
2620 
2621 	rfcp->rfc_next = NULL;
2622 	rfcp->rfc_gps++;
2623 	spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2624 	rfcpp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail;
2625 	rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfcp->rfc_next;
2626 	smp_store_release(rfcpp, rfcp);
2627 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb, rfp->n_launders_cb + 1);
2628 	i = ((jiffies - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat) / (HZ / FWD_CBS_HIST_DIV));
2629 	if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist))
2630 		i = ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist) - 1;
2631 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders++;
2632 	rfp->n_launders_hist[i].launder_gp_seq = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2633 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2634 }
2635 
2636 // Give the scheduler a chance, even on nohz_full CPUs.
2637 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(unsigned long iter)
2638 {
2639 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PREEMPTION) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL)) {
2640 		// Real call_rcu() floods hit userspace, so emulate that.
2641 		if (need_resched() || (iter & 0xfff))
2642 			schedule();
2643 		return;
2644 	}
2645 	// No userspace emulation: CB invocation throttles call_rcu()
2646 	cond_resched();
2647 }
2648 
2649 /*
2650  * Free all callbacks on the rcu_fwd_cb_head list, either because the
2651  * test is over or because we hit an OOM event.
2652  */
2653 static unsigned long rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2654 {
2655 	unsigned long flags;
2656 	unsigned long freed = 0;
2657 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
2658 
2659 	for (;;) {
2660 		spin_lock_irqsave(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2661 		rfcp = rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2662 		if (!rfcp) {
2663 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2664 			break;
2665 		}
2666 		rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcp->rfc_next;
2667 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head)
2668 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head;
2669 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rfp->rcu_fwd_lock, flags);
2670 		kfree(rfcp);
2671 		freed++;
2672 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(freed);
2673 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
2674 			local_irq_save(flags);
2675 			rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle();
2676 			local_irq_restore(flags);
2677 		}
2678 	}
2679 	return freed;
2680 }
2681 
2682 /* Carry out need_resched()/cond_resched() forward-progress testing. */
2683 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp,
2684 				    int *tested, int *tested_tries)
2685 {
2686 	unsigned long cver;
2687 	unsigned long dur;
2688 	struct fwd_cb_state fcs;
2689 	unsigned long gps;
2690 	int idx;
2691 	int sd;
2692 	int sd4;
2693 	bool selfpropcb = false;
2694 	unsigned long stopat;
2695 	static DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
2696 
2697 	pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2698 	if (!cur_ops->sync)
2699 		return; // Cannot do need_resched() forward progress testing without ->sync.
2700 	if (cur_ops->call && cur_ops->cb_barrier) {
2701 		init_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
2702 		selfpropcb = true;
2703 	}
2704 
2705 	/* Tight loop containing cond_resched(). */
2706 	atomic_inc(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2707 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
2708 	if  (selfpropcb) {
2709 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 0);
2710 		cur_ops->call(&fcs.rh, rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cb);
2711 	}
2712 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
2713 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2714 	sd = cur_ops->stall_dur() + 1;
2715 	sd4 = (sd + fwd_progress_div - 1) / fwd_progress_div;
2716 	dur = sd4 + torture_random(&trs) % (sd - sd4);
2717 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
2718 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + dur;
2719 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2720 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2721 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2722 		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
2723 		udelay(10);
2724 		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
2725 		if (!fwd_progress_need_resched || need_resched())
2726 			cond_resched();
2727 	}
2728 	(*tested_tries)++;
2729 	if (!time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2730 	    !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2731 	    !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2732 		(*tested)++;
2733 		cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
2734 		gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
2735 		WARN_ON(!cver && gps < 2);
2736 		pr_alert("%s: %d Duration %ld cver %ld gps %ld\n", __func__,
2737 			 rfp->rcu_fwd_id, dur, cver, gps);
2738 	}
2739 	if (selfpropcb) {
2740 		WRITE_ONCE(fcs.stop, 1);
2741 		cur_ops->sync(); /* Wait for running CB to complete. */
2742 		pr_alert("%s: Waiting for CBs: %pS() %d\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2743 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for queued callbacks. */
2744 	}
2745 
2746 	if (selfpropcb) {
2747 		WARN_ON(READ_ONCE(fcs.stop) != 2);
2748 		destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&fcs.rh);
2749 	}
2750 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 10); /* Let kthreads recover. */
2751 	atomic_dec(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2752 }
2753 
2754 /* Carry out call_rcu() forward-progress testing. */
2755 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(struct rcu_fwd *rfp)
2756 {
2757 	unsigned long cver;
2758 	unsigned long flags;
2759 	unsigned long gps;
2760 	int i;
2761 	long n_launders;
2762 	long n_launders_cb_snap;
2763 	long n_launders_sa;
2764 	long n_max_cbs;
2765 	long n_max_gps;
2766 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcp;
2767 	struct rcu_fwd_cb *rfcpn;
2768 	unsigned long stopat;
2769 	unsigned long stoppedat;
2770 
2771 	pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2772 	if (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop))
2773 		return; /* Get out of the way quickly, no GP wait! */
2774 	if (!cur_ops->call)
2775 		return; /* Can't do call_rcu() fwd prog without ->call. */
2776 
2777 	/* Loop continuously posting RCU callbacks. */
2778 	atomic_inc(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2779 	cur_ops->sync(); /* Later readers see above write. */
2780 	WRITE_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies);
2781 	stopat = rfp->rcu_fwd_startat + MAX_FWD_CB_JIFFIES;
2782 	n_launders = 0;
2783 	rfp->n_launders_cb = 0; // Hoist initialization for multi-kthread
2784 	n_launders_sa = 0;
2785 	n_max_cbs = 0;
2786 	n_max_gps = 0;
2787 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rfp->n_launders_hist); i++)
2788 		rfp->n_launders_hist[i].n_launders = 0;
2789 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version);
2790 	gps = cur_ops->get_gp_seq();
2791 	rfp->rcu_launder_gp_seq_start = gps;
2792 	tick_dep_set_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2793 	while (time_before(jiffies, stopat) &&
2794 	       !shutdown_time_arrived() &&
2795 	       !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) && !torture_must_stop()) {
2796 		rfcp = READ_ONCE(rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head);
2797 		rfcpn = NULL;
2798 		if (rfcp)
2799 			rfcpn = READ_ONCE(rfcp->rfc_next);
2800 		if (rfcpn) {
2801 			if (rfcp->rfc_gps >= MIN_FWD_CB_LAUNDERS &&
2802 			    ++n_max_gps >= MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED)
2803 				break;
2804 			rfp->rcu_fwd_cb_head = rfcpn;
2805 			n_launders++;
2806 			n_launders_sa++;
2807 		} else if (!cur_ops->cbflood_max || cur_ops->cbflood_max > n_max_cbs) {
2808 			rfcp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rfcp), GFP_KERNEL);
2809 			if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rfcp)) {
2810 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
2811 				continue;
2812 			}
2813 			n_max_cbs++;
2814 			n_launders_sa = 0;
2815 			rfcp->rfc_gps = 0;
2816 			rfcp->rfc_rfp = rfp;
2817 		} else {
2818 			rfcp = NULL;
2819 		}
2820 		if (rfcp)
2821 			cur_ops->call(&rfcp->rh, rcu_torture_fwd_cb_cr);
2822 		rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cond_resched(n_launders + n_max_cbs);
2823 		if (tick_nohz_full_enabled()) {
2824 			local_irq_save(flags);
2825 			rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle();
2826 			local_irq_restore(flags);
2827 		}
2828 	}
2829 	stoppedat = jiffies;
2830 	n_launders_cb_snap = READ_ONCE(rfp->n_launders_cb);
2831 	cver = READ_ONCE(rcu_torture_current_version) - cver;
2832 	gps = rcutorture_seq_diff(cur_ops->get_gp_seq(), gps);
2833 	pr_alert("%s: Waiting for CBs: %pS() %d\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2834 	cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Wait for callbacks to be invoked. */
2835 	(void)rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(rfp);
2836 
2837 	if (!torture_must_stop() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop) &&
2838 	    !shutdown_time_arrived()) {
2839 		if (WARN_ON(n_max_gps < MIN_FWD_CBS_LAUNDERED) && cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
2840 			cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
2841 		pr_alert("%s Duration %lu barrier: %lu pending %ld n_launders: %ld n_launders_sa: %ld n_max_gps: %ld n_max_cbs: %ld cver %ld gps %ld #online %u\n",
2842 			 __func__,
2843 			 stoppedat - rfp->rcu_fwd_startat, jiffies - stoppedat,
2844 			 n_launders + n_max_cbs - n_launders_cb_snap,
2845 			 n_launders, n_launders_sa,
2846 			 n_max_gps, n_max_cbs, cver, gps, num_online_cpus());
2847 		atomic_long_add(n_max_cbs, &rcu_fwd_max_cbs);
2848 		mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex); // Serialize histograms.
2849 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(rfp);
2850 		mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2851 	}
2852 	schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ); /* Let CBs drain. */
2853 	tick_dep_clear_task(current, TICK_DEP_BIT_RCU);
2854 	atomic_dec(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
2855 }
2856 
2857 
2858 /*
2859  * OOM notifier, but this only prints diagnostic information for the
2860  * current forward-progress test.
2861  */
2862 static int rcutorture_oom_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
2863 				 unsigned long notused, void *nfreed)
2864 {
2865 	int i;
2866 	long ncbs;
2867 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2868 
2869 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2870 	rfp = rcu_fwds;
2871 	if (!rfp) {
2872 		mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2873 		return NOTIFY_OK;
2874 	}
2875 	WARN(1, "%s invoked upon OOM during forward-progress testing.\n",
2876 	     __func__);
2877 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
2878 		rcu_torture_fwd_cb_hist(&rfp[i]);
2879 		rcu_fwd_progress_check(1 + (jiffies - READ_ONCE(rfp[i].rcu_fwd_startat)) / 2);
2880 	}
2881 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, true);
2882 	smp_mb(); /* Emergency stop before free and wait to avoid hangs. */
2883 	ncbs = 0;
2884 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2885 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2886 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2887 	cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2888 	ncbs = 0;
2889 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2890 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2891 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2892 	cur_ops->cb_barrier();
2893 	ncbs = 0;
2894 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
2895 		ncbs += rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cbfree(&rfp[i]);
2896 	pr_info("%s: Freed %lu RCU callbacks.\n", __func__, ncbs);
2897 	smp_mb(); /* Frees before return to avoid redoing OOM. */
2898 	(*(unsigned long *)nfreed)++; /* Forward progress CBs freed! */
2899 	pr_info("%s returning after OOM processing.\n", __func__);
2900 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
2901 	return NOTIFY_OK;
2902 }
2903 
2904 static struct notifier_block rcutorture_oom_nb = {
2905 	.notifier_call = rcutorture_oom_notify
2906 };
2907 
2908 /* Carry out grace-period forward-progress testing. */
2909 static int rcu_torture_fwd_prog(void *args)
2910 {
2911 	bool firsttime = true;
2912 	long max_cbs;
2913 	int oldnice = task_nice(current);
2914 	unsigned long oldseq = READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq);
2915 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp = args;
2916 	int tested = 0;
2917 	int tested_tries = 0;
2918 
2919 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_progress task started");
2920 	rcu_bind_current_to_nocb();
2921 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP) || !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST))
2922 		set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
2923 	do {
2924 		if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_id) {
2925 			schedule_timeout_interruptible(fwd_progress_holdoff * HZ);
2926 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_emergency_stop, false);
2927 			if (!firsttime) {
2928 				max_cbs = atomic_long_xchg(&rcu_fwd_max_cbs, 0);
2929 				pr_alert("%s n_max_cbs: %ld\n", __func__, max_cbs);
2930 			}
2931 			firsttime = false;
2932 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq, rcu_fwd_seq + 1);
2933 		} else {
2934 			while (READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq) == oldseq && !torture_must_stop())
2935 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 20);
2936 			oldseq = READ_ONCE(rcu_fwd_seq);
2937 		}
2938 		pr_alert("%s: Starting forward-progress test %d\n", __func__, rfp->rcu_fwd_id);
2939 		if (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() && torture_num_online_cpus() > rfp->rcu_fwd_id)
2940 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cr(rfp);
2941 		if ((cur_ops->stall_dur && cur_ops->stall_dur() > 0) &&
2942 		    (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TINY_RCU) ||
2943 		     (rcu_inkernel_boot_has_ended() &&
2944 		      torture_num_online_cpus() > rfp->rcu_fwd_id)))
2945 			rcu_torture_fwd_prog_nr(rfp, &tested, &tested_tries);
2946 
2947 		/* Avoid slow periods, better to test when busy. */
2948 		if (stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fwd_prog"))
2949 			sched_set_normal(current, oldnice);
2950 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
2951 	/* Short runs might not contain a valid forward-progress attempt. */
2952 	if (!rfp->rcu_fwd_id) {
2953 		WARN_ON(!tested && tested_tries >= 5);
2954 		pr_alert("%s: tested %d tested_tries %d\n", __func__, tested, tested_tries);
2955 	}
2956 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_fwd_prog");
2957 	return 0;
2958 }
2959 
2960 /* If forward-progress checking is requested and feasible, spawn the thread. */
2961 static int __init rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init(void)
2962 {
2963 	int i;
2964 	int ret = 0;
2965 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
2966 
2967 	if (!fwd_progress)
2968 		return 0; /* Not requested, so don't do it. */
2969 	if (fwd_progress >= nr_cpu_ids) {
2970 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Limiting fwd_progress to # CPUs.\n");
2971 		fwd_progress = nr_cpu_ids;
2972 	} else if (fwd_progress < 0) {
2973 		fwd_progress = nr_cpu_ids;
2974 	}
2975 	if ((!cur_ops->sync && !cur_ops->call) ||
2976 	    (!cur_ops->cbflood_max && (!cur_ops->stall_dur || cur_ops->stall_dur() <= 0)) ||
2977 	    cur_ops == &rcu_busted_ops) {
2978 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, unsupported by RCU flavor under test");
2979 		fwd_progress = 0;
2980 		return 0;
2981 	}
2982 	if (stall_cpu > 0) {
2983 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init: Disabled, conflicts with CPU-stall testing");
2984 		fwd_progress = 0;
2985 		if (IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST))
2986 			return -EINVAL; /* In module, can fail back to user. */
2987 		WARN_ON(1); /* Make sure rcutorture notices conflict. */
2988 		return 0;
2989 	}
2990 	if (fwd_progress_holdoff <= 0)
2991 		fwd_progress_holdoff = 1;
2992 	if (fwd_progress_div <= 0)
2993 		fwd_progress_div = 4;
2994 	rfp = kcalloc(fwd_progress, sizeof(*rfp), GFP_KERNEL);
2995 	fwd_prog_tasks = kcalloc(fwd_progress, sizeof(*fwd_prog_tasks), GFP_KERNEL);
2996 	if (!rfp || !fwd_prog_tasks) {
2997 		kfree(rfp);
2998 		kfree(fwd_prog_tasks);
2999 		fwd_prog_tasks = NULL;
3000 		fwd_progress = 0;
3001 		return -ENOMEM;
3002 	}
3003 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
3004 		spin_lock_init(&rfp[i].rcu_fwd_lock);
3005 		rfp[i].rcu_fwd_cb_tail = &rfp[i].rcu_fwd_cb_head;
3006 		rfp[i].rcu_fwd_id = i;
3007 	}
3008 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3009 	rcu_fwds = rfp;
3010 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3011 	register_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
3012 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++) {
3013 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, &rcu_fwds[i], fwd_prog_tasks[i]);
3014 		if (ret) {
3015 			fwd_progress = i;
3016 			return ret;
3017 		}
3018 	}
3019 	return 0;
3020 }
3021 
3022 static void rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cleanup(void)
3023 {
3024 	int i;
3025 	struct rcu_fwd *rfp;
3026 
3027 	if (!rcu_fwds || !fwd_prog_tasks)
3028 		return;
3029 	for (i = 0; i < fwd_progress; i++)
3030 		torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fwd_prog, fwd_prog_tasks[i]);
3031 	unregister_oom_notifier(&rcutorture_oom_nb);
3032 	mutex_lock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3033 	rfp = rcu_fwds;
3034 	rcu_fwds = NULL;
3035 	mutex_unlock(&rcu_fwd_mutex);
3036 	kfree(rfp);
3037 	kfree(fwd_prog_tasks);
3038 	fwd_prog_tasks = NULL;
3039 }
3040 
3041 /* Callback function for RCU barrier testing. */
3042 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cbf(struct rcu_head *rcu)
3043 {
3044 	atomic_inc(&barrier_cbs_invoked);
3045 }
3046 
3047 /* IPI handler to get callback posted on desired CPU, if online. */
3048 static int rcu_torture_barrier1cb(void *rcu_void)
3049 {
3050 	struct rcu_head *rhp = rcu_void;
3051 
3052 	cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
3053 	return 0;
3054 }
3055 
3056 /* kthread function to register callbacks used to test RCU barriers. */
3057 static int rcu_torture_barrier_cbs(void *arg)
3058 {
3059 	long myid = (long)arg;
3060 	bool lastphase = false;
3061 	bool newphase;
3062 	struct rcu_head rcu;
3063 
3064 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
3065 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs task started");
3066 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3067 	do {
3068 		wait_event(barrier_cbs_wq[myid],
3069 			   (newphase =
3070 			    smp_load_acquire(&barrier_phase)) != lastphase ||
3071 			   torture_must_stop());
3072 		lastphase = newphase;
3073 		if (torture_must_stop())
3074 			break;
3075 		/*
3076 		 * The above smp_load_acquire() ensures barrier_phase load
3077 		 * is ordered before the following ->call().
3078 		 */
3079 		if (smp_call_on_cpu(myid, rcu_torture_barrier1cb, &rcu, 1))
3080 			cur_ops->call(&rcu, rcu_torture_barrier_cbf);
3081 
3082 		if (atomic_dec_and_test(&barrier_cbs_count))
3083 			wake_up(&barrier_wq);
3084 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
3085 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL)
3086 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3087 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu);
3088 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier_cbs");
3089 	return 0;
3090 }
3091 
3092 /* kthread function to drive and coordinate RCU barrier testing. */
3093 static int rcu_torture_barrier(void *arg)
3094 {
3095 	int i;
3096 
3097 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_barrier task starting");
3098 	do {
3099 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
3100 		atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, n_barrier_cbs);
3101 		/* Ensure barrier_phase ordered after prior assignments. */
3102 		smp_store_release(&barrier_phase, !barrier_phase);
3103 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
3104 			wake_up(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
3105 		wait_event(barrier_wq,
3106 			   atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_count) == 0 ||
3107 			   torture_must_stop());
3108 		if (torture_must_stop())
3109 			break;
3110 		n_barrier_attempts++;
3111 		cur_ops->cb_barrier(); /* Implies smp_mb() for wait_event(). */
3112 		if (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) != n_barrier_cbs) {
3113 			n_rcu_torture_barrier_error++;
3114 			pr_err("barrier_cbs_invoked = %d, n_barrier_cbs = %d\n",
3115 			       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked),
3116 			       n_barrier_cbs);
3117 			WARN_ON(1);
3118 			// Wait manually for the remaining callbacks
3119 			i = 0;
3120 			do {
3121 				if (WARN_ON(i++ > HZ))
3122 					i = INT_MIN;
3123 				schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
3124 				cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3125 			} while (atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked) !=
3126 				 n_barrier_cbs &&
3127 				 !torture_must_stop());
3128 			smp_mb(); // Can't trust ordering if broken.
3129 			if (!torture_must_stop())
3130 				pr_err("Recovered: barrier_cbs_invoked = %d\n",
3131 				       atomic_read(&barrier_cbs_invoked));
3132 		} else {
3133 			n_barrier_successes++;
3134 		}
3135 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(HZ / 10);
3136 	} while (!torture_must_stop());
3137 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_barrier");
3138 	return 0;
3139 }
3140 
3141 /* Initialize RCU barrier testing. */
3142 static int rcu_torture_barrier_init(void)
3143 {
3144 	int i;
3145 	int ret;
3146 
3147 	if (n_barrier_cbs <= 0)
3148 		return 0;
3149 	if (cur_ops->call == NULL || cur_ops->cb_barrier == NULL) {
3150 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
3151 			 " Call or barrier ops missing for %s,\n",
3152 			 torture_type, cur_ops->name);
3153 		pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
3154 			 " RCU barrier testing omitted from run.\n",
3155 			 torture_type);
3156 		return 0;
3157 	}
3158 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, 0);
3159 	atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
3160 	barrier_cbs_tasks =
3161 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_tasks[0]),
3162 			GFP_KERNEL);
3163 	barrier_cbs_wq =
3164 		kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_wq[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
3165 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks == NULL || !barrier_cbs_wq)
3166 		return -ENOMEM;
3167 	for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++) {
3168 		init_waitqueue_head(&barrier_cbs_wq[i]);
3169 		ret = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
3170 					     (void *)(long)i,
3171 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
3172 		if (ret)
3173 			return ret;
3174 	}
3175 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, NULL, barrier_task);
3176 }
3177 
3178 /* Clean up after RCU barrier testing. */
3179 static void rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup(void)
3180 {
3181 	int i;
3182 
3183 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier, barrier_task);
3184 	if (barrier_cbs_tasks != NULL) {
3185 		for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++)
3186 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_barrier_cbs,
3187 					     barrier_cbs_tasks[i]);
3188 		kfree(barrier_cbs_tasks);
3189 		barrier_cbs_tasks = NULL;
3190 	}
3191 	if (barrier_cbs_wq != NULL) {
3192 		kfree(barrier_cbs_wq);
3193 		barrier_cbs_wq = NULL;
3194 	}
3195 }
3196 
3197 static bool rcu_torture_can_boost(void)
3198 {
3199 	static int boost_warn_once;
3200 	int prio;
3201 
3202 	if (!(test_boost == 1 && cur_ops->can_boost) && test_boost != 2)
3203 		return false;
3204 	if (!cur_ops->start_gp_poll || !cur_ops->poll_gp_state)
3205 		return false;
3206 
3207 	prio = rcu_get_gp_kthreads_prio();
3208 	if (!prio)
3209 		return false;
3210 
3211 	if (prio < 2) {
3212 		if (boost_warn_once == 1)
3213 			return false;
3214 
3215 		pr_alert("%s: WARN: RCU kthread priority too low to test boosting.  Skipping RCU boost test. Try passing rcutree.kthread_prio > 1 on the kernel command line.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3216 		boost_warn_once = 1;
3217 		return false;
3218 	}
3219 
3220 	return true;
3221 }
3222 
3223 static bool read_exit_child_stop;
3224 static bool read_exit_child_stopped;
3225 static wait_queue_head_t read_exit_wq;
3226 
3227 // Child kthread which just does an rcutorture reader and exits.
3228 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_child(void *trsp_in)
3229 {
3230 	struct torture_random_state *trsp = trsp_in;
3231 
3232 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3233 	// Minimize time between reading and exiting.
3234 	while (!kthread_should_stop())
3235 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 20);
3236 	(void)rcu_torture_one_read(trsp, -1);
3237 	return 0;
3238 }
3239 
3240 // Parent kthread which creates and destroys read-exit child kthreads.
3241 static int rcu_torture_read_exit(void *unused)
3242 {
3243 	bool errexit = false;
3244 	int i;
3245 	struct task_struct *tsp;
3246 	DEFINE_TORTURE_RANDOM(trs);
3247 
3248 	// Allocate and initialize.
3249 	set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);
3250 	VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of test");
3251 
3252 	// Each pass through this loop does one read-exit episode.
3253 	do {
3254 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: Start of episode");
3255 		for (i = 0; i < read_exit_burst; i++) {
3256 			if (READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop))
3257 				break;
3258 			stutter_wait("rcu_torture_read_exit");
3259 			// Spawn child.
3260 			tsp = kthread_run(rcu_torture_read_exit_child,
3261 					  &trs, "%s", "rcu_torture_read_exit_child");
3262 			if (IS_ERR(tsp)) {
3263 				TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3264 				errexit = true;
3265 				break;
3266 			}
3267 			cond_resched();
3268 			kthread_stop(tsp);
3269 			n_read_exits++;
3270 		}
3271 		VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_read_exit: End of episode");
3272 		rcu_barrier(); // Wait for task_struct free, avoid OOM.
3273 		i = 0;
3274 		for (; !errexit && !READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop) && i < read_exit_delay; i++)
3275 			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ);
3276 	} while (!errexit && !READ_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop));
3277 
3278 	// Clean up and exit.
3279 	smp_store_release(&read_exit_child_stopped, true); // After reaping.
3280 	smp_mb(); // Store before wakeup.
3281 	wake_up(&read_exit_wq);
3282 	while (!torture_must_stop())
3283 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(HZ / 20);
3284 	torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_read_exit");
3285 	return 0;
3286 }
3287 
3288 static int rcu_torture_read_exit_init(void)
3289 {
3290 	if (read_exit_burst <= 0)
3291 		return 0;
3292 	init_waitqueue_head(&read_exit_wq);
3293 	read_exit_child_stop = false;
3294 	read_exit_child_stopped = false;
3295 	return torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_read_exit, NULL,
3296 				      read_exit_task);
3297 }
3298 
3299 static void rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup(void)
3300 {
3301 	if (!read_exit_task)
3302 		return;
3303 	WRITE_ONCE(read_exit_child_stop, true);
3304 	smp_mb(); // Above write before wait.
3305 	wait_event(read_exit_wq, smp_load_acquire(&read_exit_child_stopped));
3306 	torture_stop_kthread(rcutorture_read_exit, read_exit_task);
3307 }
3308 
3309 static void rcutorture_test_nmis(int n)
3310 {
3311 #if IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)
3312 	int cpu;
3313 	int dumpcpu;
3314 	int i;
3315 
3316 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
3317 		preempt_disable();
3318 		cpu = smp_processor_id();
3319 		dumpcpu = cpu + 1;
3320 		if (dumpcpu >= nr_cpu_ids)
3321 			dumpcpu = 0;
3322 		pr_alert("%s: CPU %d invoking dump_cpu_task(%d)\n", __func__, cpu, dumpcpu);
3323 		dump_cpu_task(dumpcpu);
3324 		preempt_enable();
3325 		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(15 * HZ);
3326 	}
3327 #else // #if IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)
3328 	WARN_ONCE(n, "Non-zero rcutorture.test_nmis=%d permitted only when rcutorture is built in.\n", test_nmis);
3329 #endif // #else // #if IS_BUILTIN(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST)
3330 }
3331 
3332 static enum cpuhp_state rcutor_hp;
3333 
3334 static void
3335 rcu_torture_cleanup(void)
3336 {
3337 	int firsttime;
3338 	int flags = 0;
3339 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
3340 	int i;
3341 
3342 	if (torture_cleanup_begin()) {
3343 		if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL) {
3344 			pr_info("%s: Invoking %pS().\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier);
3345 			cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3346 		}
3347 		if (cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister)
3348 			cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister(NULL);
3349 		return;
3350 	}
3351 	if (!cur_ops) {
3352 		torture_cleanup_end();
3353 		return;
3354 	}
3355 
3356 	rcutorture_test_nmis(test_nmis);
3357 
3358 	if (cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg)
3359 		cur_ops->gp_kthread_dbg();
3360 	rcu_torture_read_exit_cleanup();
3361 	rcu_torture_barrier_cleanup();
3362 	rcu_torture_fwd_prog_cleanup();
3363 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stall, stall_task);
3364 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, writer_task);
3365 
3366 	if (nocb_tasks) {
3367 		for (i = 0; i < nrealnocbers; i++)
3368 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_nocb_toggle, nocb_tasks[i]);
3369 		kfree(nocb_tasks);
3370 		nocb_tasks = NULL;
3371 	}
3372 
3373 	if (reader_tasks) {
3374 		for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++)
3375 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_reader,
3376 					     reader_tasks[i]);
3377 		kfree(reader_tasks);
3378 		reader_tasks = NULL;
3379 	}
3380 	kfree(rcu_torture_reader_mbchk);
3381 	rcu_torture_reader_mbchk = NULL;
3382 
3383 	if (fakewriter_tasks) {
3384 		for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++)
3385 			torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
3386 					     fakewriter_tasks[i]);
3387 		kfree(fakewriter_tasks);
3388 		fakewriter_tasks = NULL;
3389 	}
3390 
3391 	if (cur_ops->get_gp_data)
3392 		cur_ops->get_gp_data(&flags, &gp_seq);
3393 	pr_alert("%s:  End-test grace-period state: g%ld f%#x total-gps=%ld\n",
3394 		 cur_ops->name, (long)gp_seq, flags,
3395 		 rcutorture_seq_diff(gp_seq, start_gp_seq));
3396 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, stats_task);
3397 	torture_stop_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, fqs_task);
3398 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost() && rcutor_hp >= 0)
3399 		cpuhp_remove_state(rcutor_hp);
3400 
3401 	/*
3402 	 * Wait for all RCU callbacks to fire, then do torture-type-specific
3403 	 * cleanup operations.
3404 	 */
3405 	if (cur_ops->cb_barrier != NULL) {
3406 		pr_info("%s: Invoking %pS().\n", __func__, cur_ops->cb_barrier);
3407 		cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3408 	}
3409 	if (cur_ops->cleanup != NULL)
3410 		cur_ops->cleanup();
3411 
3412 	rcu_torture_mem_dump_obj();
3413 
3414 	rcu_torture_stats_print();  /* -After- the stats thread is stopped! */
3415 
3416 	if (err_segs_recorded) {
3417 		pr_alert("Failure/close-call rcutorture reader segments:\n");
3418 		if (rt_read_nsegs == 0)
3419 			pr_alert("\t: No segments recorded!!!\n");
3420 		firsttime = 1;
3421 		for (i = 0; i < rt_read_nsegs; i++) {
3422 			pr_alert("\t%d: %#x ", i, err_segs[i].rt_readstate);
3423 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies != 0) {
3424 				pr_cont("%s%ldjiffies", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3425 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_jiffies);
3426 				firsttime = 0;
3427 			}
3428 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms != 0) {
3429 				pr_cont("%s%ldms", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3430 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_ms);
3431 				firsttime = 0;
3432 			}
3433 			if (err_segs[i].rt_delay_us != 0) {
3434 				pr_cont("%s%ldus", firsttime ? "" : "+",
3435 					err_segs[i].rt_delay_us);
3436 				firsttime = 0;
3437 			}
3438 			pr_cont("%s\n",
3439 				err_segs[i].rt_preempted ? "preempted" : "");
3440 
3441 		}
3442 	}
3443 	if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_error) || n_rcu_torture_barrier_error)
3444 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: FAILURE");
3445 	else if (torture_onoff_failures())
3446 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops,
3447 					       "End of test: RCU_HOTPLUG");
3448 	else
3449 		rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "End of test: SUCCESS");
3450 	torture_cleanup_end();
3451 	if (cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister)
3452 		cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister(NULL);
3453 }
3454 
3455 static void rcu_torture_leak_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
3456 {
3457 }
3458 
3459 static void rcu_torture_err_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
3460 {
3461 	/*
3462 	 * This -might- happen due to race conditions, but is unlikely.
3463 	 * The scenario that leads to this happening is that the
3464 	 * first of the pair of duplicate callbacks is queued,
3465 	 * someone else starts a grace period that includes that
3466 	 * callback, then the second of the pair must wait for the
3467 	 * next grace period.  Unlikely, but can happen.  If it
3468 	 * does happen, the debug-objects subsystem won't have splatted.
3469 	 */
3470 	pr_alert("%s: duplicated callback was invoked.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
3471 }
3472 
3473 /*
3474  * Verify that double-free causes debug-objects to complain, but only
3475  * if CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD=y.  Otherwise, say that the test
3476  * cannot be carried out.
3477  */
3478 static void rcu_test_debug_objects(void)
3479 {
3480 	struct rcu_head rh1;
3481 	struct rcu_head rh2;
3482 	int idx;
3483 
3484 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD)) {
3485 		pr_alert("%s: !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, not testing duplicate call_%s()\n",
3486 					KBUILD_MODNAME, cur_ops->name);
3487 		return;
3488 	}
3489 
3490 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(cur_ops->debug_objects &&
3491 			(!cur_ops->call || !cur_ops->cb_barrier)))
3492 		return;
3493 
3494 	struct rcu_head *rhp = kmalloc(sizeof(*rhp), GFP_KERNEL);
3495 
3496 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
3497 	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
3498 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_%s() test starting.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME, cur_ops->name);
3499 
3500 	/* Try to queue the rh2 pair of callbacks for the same grace period. */
3501 	idx = cur_ops->readlock(); /* Make it impossible to finish a grace period. */
3502 	cur_ops->call(&rh1, rcu_torture_leak_cb); /* Start grace period. */
3503 	cur_ops->call(&rh2, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
3504 	cur_ops->call(&rh2, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Duplicate callback. */
3505 	if (rhp) {
3506 		cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_leak_cb);
3507 		cur_ops->call(rhp, rcu_torture_err_cb); /* Another duplicate callback. */
3508 	}
3509 	cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
3510 
3511 	/* Wait for them all to get done so we can safely return. */
3512 	cur_ops->cb_barrier();
3513 	pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_%s() test complete.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME, cur_ops->name);
3514 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
3515 	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
3516 	kfree(rhp);
3517 }
3518 
3519 static void rcutorture_sync(void)
3520 {
3521 	static unsigned long n;
3522 
3523 	if (cur_ops->sync && !(++n & 0xfff))
3524 		cur_ops->sync();
3525 }
3526 
3527 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut0);
3528 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut1);
3529 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut2);
3530 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut3);
3531 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut4);
3532 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut5);
3533 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut6);
3534 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut7);
3535 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut8);
3536 static DEFINE_MUTEX(mut9);
3537 
3538 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem0);
3539 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem1);
3540 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem2);
3541 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem3);
3542 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem4);
3543 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem5);
3544 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem6);
3545 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem7);
3546 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem8);
3547 static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem9);
3548 
3549 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu0);
3550 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu1);
3551 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu2);
3552 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu3);
3553 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu4);
3554 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu5);
3555 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu6);
3556 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu7);
3557 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu8);
3558 DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(srcu9);
3559 
3560 static int srcu_lockdep_next(const char *f, const char *fl, const char *fs, const char *fu, int i,
3561 			     int cyclelen, int deadlock)
3562 {
3563 	int j = i + 1;
3564 
3565 	if (j >= cyclelen)
3566 		j = deadlock ? 0 : -1;
3567 	if (j >= 0)
3568 		pr_info("%s: %s(%d), %s(%d), %s(%d)\n", f, fl, i, fs, j, fu, i);
3569 	else
3570 		pr_info("%s: %s(%d), %s(%d)\n", f, fl, i, fu, i);
3571 	return j;
3572 }
3573 
3574 // Test lockdep on SRCU-based deadlock scenarios.
3575 static void rcu_torture_init_srcu_lockdep(void)
3576 {
3577 	int cyclelen;
3578 	int deadlock;
3579 	bool err = false;
3580 	int i;
3581 	int j;
3582 	int idx;
3583 	struct mutex *muts[] = { &mut0, &mut1, &mut2, &mut3, &mut4,
3584 				 &mut5, &mut6, &mut7, &mut8, &mut9 };
3585 	struct rw_semaphore *rwsems[] = { &rwsem0, &rwsem1, &rwsem2, &rwsem3, &rwsem4,
3586 					  &rwsem5, &rwsem6, &rwsem7, &rwsem8, &rwsem9 };
3587 	struct srcu_struct *srcus[] = { &srcu0, &srcu1, &srcu2, &srcu3, &srcu4,
3588 					&srcu5, &srcu6, &srcu7, &srcu8, &srcu9 };
3589 	int testtype;
3590 
3591 	if (!test_srcu_lockdep)
3592 		return;
3593 
3594 	deadlock = test_srcu_lockdep / 1000;
3595 	testtype = (test_srcu_lockdep / 10) % 100;
3596 	cyclelen = test_srcu_lockdep % 10;
3597 	WARN_ON_ONCE(ARRAY_SIZE(muts) != ARRAY_SIZE(srcus));
3598 	if (WARN_ONCE(deadlock != !!deadlock,
3599 		      "%s: test_srcu_lockdep=%d and deadlock digit %d must be zero or one.\n",
3600 		      __func__, test_srcu_lockdep, deadlock))
3601 		err = true;
3602 	if (WARN_ONCE(cyclelen <= 0,
3603 		      "%s: test_srcu_lockdep=%d and cycle-length digit %d must be greater than zero.\n",
3604 		      __func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen))
3605 		err = true;
3606 	if (err)
3607 		goto err_out;
3608 
3609 	if (testtype == 0) {
3610 		pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d: SRCU %d-way %sdeadlock.\n",
3611 			__func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen, deadlock ? "" : "non-");
3612 		if (deadlock && cyclelen == 1)
3613 			pr_info("%s: Expect hang.\n", __func__);
3614 		for (i = 0; i < cyclelen; i++) {
3615 			j = srcu_lockdep_next(__func__, "srcu_read_lock", "synchronize_srcu",
3616 					      "srcu_read_unlock", i, cyclelen, deadlock);
3617 			idx = srcu_read_lock(srcus[i]);
3618 			if (j >= 0)
3619 				synchronize_srcu(srcus[j]);
3620 			srcu_read_unlock(srcus[i], idx);
3621 		}
3622 		return;
3623 	}
3624 
3625 	if (testtype == 1) {
3626 		pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d: SRCU/mutex %d-way %sdeadlock.\n",
3627 			__func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen, deadlock ? "" : "non-");
3628 		for (i = 0; i < cyclelen; i++) {
3629 			pr_info("%s: srcu_read_lock(%d), mutex_lock(%d), mutex_unlock(%d), srcu_read_unlock(%d)\n",
3630 				__func__, i, i, i, i);
3631 			idx = srcu_read_lock(srcus[i]);
3632 			mutex_lock(muts[i]);
3633 			mutex_unlock(muts[i]);
3634 			srcu_read_unlock(srcus[i], idx);
3635 
3636 			j = srcu_lockdep_next(__func__, "mutex_lock", "synchronize_srcu",
3637 					      "mutex_unlock", i, cyclelen, deadlock);
3638 			mutex_lock(muts[i]);
3639 			if (j >= 0)
3640 				synchronize_srcu(srcus[j]);
3641 			mutex_unlock(muts[i]);
3642 		}
3643 		return;
3644 	}
3645 
3646 	if (testtype == 2) {
3647 		pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d: SRCU/rwsem %d-way %sdeadlock.\n",
3648 			__func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen, deadlock ? "" : "non-");
3649 		for (i = 0; i < cyclelen; i++) {
3650 			pr_info("%s: srcu_read_lock(%d), down_read(%d), up_read(%d), srcu_read_unlock(%d)\n",
3651 				__func__, i, i, i, i);
3652 			idx = srcu_read_lock(srcus[i]);
3653 			down_read(rwsems[i]);
3654 			up_read(rwsems[i]);
3655 			srcu_read_unlock(srcus[i], idx);
3656 
3657 			j = srcu_lockdep_next(__func__, "down_write", "synchronize_srcu",
3658 					      "up_write", i, cyclelen, deadlock);
3659 			down_write(rwsems[i]);
3660 			if (j >= 0)
3661 				synchronize_srcu(srcus[j]);
3662 			up_write(rwsems[i]);
3663 		}
3664 		return;
3665 	}
3666 
3667 #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
3668 	if (testtype == 3) {
3669 		pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d: SRCU and Tasks Trace RCU %d-way %sdeadlock.\n",
3670 			__func__, test_srcu_lockdep, cyclelen, deadlock ? "" : "non-");
3671 		if (deadlock && cyclelen == 1)
3672 			pr_info("%s: Expect hang.\n", __func__);
3673 		for (i = 0; i < cyclelen; i++) {
3674 			char *fl = i == 0 ? "rcu_read_lock_trace" : "srcu_read_lock";
3675 			char *fs = i == cyclelen - 1 ? "synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace"
3676 						     : "synchronize_srcu";
3677 			char *fu = i == 0 ? "rcu_read_unlock_trace" : "srcu_read_unlock";
3678 
3679 			j = srcu_lockdep_next(__func__, fl, fs, fu, i, cyclelen, deadlock);
3680 			if (i == 0)
3681 				rcu_read_lock_trace();
3682 			else
3683 				idx = srcu_read_lock(srcus[i]);
3684 			if (j >= 0) {
3685 				if (i == cyclelen - 1)
3686 					synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace();
3687 				else
3688 					synchronize_srcu(srcus[j]);
3689 			}
3690 			if (i == 0)
3691 				rcu_read_unlock_trace();
3692 			else
3693 				srcu_read_unlock(srcus[i], idx);
3694 		}
3695 		return;
3696 	}
3697 #endif // #ifdef CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU
3698 
3699 err_out:
3700 	pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = %05d does nothing.\n", __func__, test_srcu_lockdep);
3701 	pr_info("%s: test_srcu_lockdep = DNNL.\n", __func__);
3702 	pr_info("%s: D: Deadlock if nonzero.\n", __func__);
3703 	pr_info("%s: NN: Test number, 0=SRCU, 1=SRCU/mutex, 2=SRCU/rwsem, 3=SRCU/Tasks Trace RCU.\n", __func__);
3704 	pr_info("%s: L: Cycle length.\n", __func__);
3705 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU))
3706 		pr_info("%s: NN=3 disallowed because kernel is built with CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU=n\n", __func__);
3707 }
3708 
3709 static int __init
3710 rcu_torture_init(void)
3711 {
3712 	long i;
3713 	int cpu;
3714 	int firsterr = 0;
3715 	int flags = 0;
3716 	unsigned long gp_seq = 0;
3717 	static struct rcu_torture_ops *torture_ops[] = {
3718 		&rcu_ops, &rcu_busted_ops, &srcu_ops, &srcud_ops, &busted_srcud_ops,
3719 		TASKS_OPS TASKS_RUDE_OPS TASKS_TRACING_OPS
3720 		&trivial_ops,
3721 	};
3722 
3723 	if (!torture_init_begin(torture_type, verbose))
3724 		return -EBUSY;
3725 
3726 	/* Process args and tell the world that the torturer is on the job. */
3727 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++) {
3728 		cur_ops = torture_ops[i];
3729 		if (strcmp(torture_type, cur_ops->name) == 0)
3730 			break;
3731 	}
3732 	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops)) {
3733 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: invalid torture type: \"%s\"\n",
3734 			 torture_type);
3735 		pr_alert("rcu-torture types:");
3736 		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(torture_ops); i++)
3737 			pr_cont(" %s", torture_ops[i]->name);
3738 		pr_cont("\n");
3739 		firsterr = -EINVAL;
3740 		cur_ops = NULL;
3741 		goto unwind;
3742 	}
3743 	if (cur_ops->fqs == NULL && fqs_duration != 0) {
3744 		pr_alert("rcu-torture: ->fqs NULL and non-zero fqs_duration, fqs disabled.\n");
3745 		fqs_duration = 0;
3746 	}
3747 	if (nocbs_nthreads != 0 && (cur_ops != &rcu_ops ||
3748 				    !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU))) {
3749 		pr_alert("rcu-torture types: %s and CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=%d, nocb toggle disabled.\n",
3750 			 cur_ops->name, IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU));
3751 		nocbs_nthreads = 0;
3752 	}
3753 	if (cur_ops->init)
3754 		cur_ops->init();
3755 
3756 	rcu_torture_init_srcu_lockdep();
3757 
3758 	if (nreaders >= 0) {
3759 		nrealreaders = nreaders;
3760 	} else {
3761 		nrealreaders = num_online_cpus() - 2 - nreaders;
3762 		if (nrealreaders <= 0)
3763 			nrealreaders = 1;
3764 	}
3765 	rcu_torture_print_module_parms(cur_ops, "Start of test");
3766 	if (cur_ops->get_gp_data)
3767 		cur_ops->get_gp_data(&flags, &gp_seq);
3768 	start_gp_seq = gp_seq;
3769 	pr_alert("%s:  Start-test grace-period state: g%ld f%#x\n",
3770 		 cur_ops->name, (long)gp_seq, flags);
3771 
3772 	/* Set up the freelist. */
3773 
3774 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_freelist);
3775 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rcu_tortures); i++) {
3776 		rcu_tortures[i].rtort_mbtest = 0;
3777 		list_add_tail(&rcu_tortures[i].rtort_free,
3778 			      &rcu_torture_freelist);
3779 	}
3780 
3781 	/* Initialize the statistics so that each run gets its own numbers. */
3782 
3783 	rcu_torture_current = NULL;
3784 	rcu_torture_current_version = 0;
3785 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc, 0);
3786 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail, 0);
3787 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_free, 0);
3788 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mberror, 0);
3789 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_fail, 0);
3790 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_mbchk_tries, 0);
3791 	atomic_set(&n_rcu_torture_error, 0);
3792 	n_rcu_torture_barrier_error = 0;
3793 	n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror = 0;
3794 	n_rcu_torture_boost_failure = 0;
3795 	n_rcu_torture_boosts = 0;
3796 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++)
3797 		atomic_set(&rcu_torture_wcount[i], 0);
3798 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
3799 		for (i = 0; i < RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1; i++) {
3800 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_count, cpu)[i] = 0;
3801 			per_cpu(rcu_torture_batch, cpu)[i] = 0;
3802 		}
3803 	}
3804 	err_segs_recorded = 0;
3805 	rt_read_nsegs = 0;
3806 
3807 	/* Start up the kthreads. */
3808 
3809 	rcu_torture_write_types();
3810 	firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_writer, NULL,
3811 					  writer_task);
3812 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3813 		goto unwind;
3814 	if (nfakewriters > 0) {
3815 		fakewriter_tasks = kcalloc(nfakewriters,
3816 					   sizeof(fakewriter_tasks[0]),
3817 					   GFP_KERNEL);
3818 		if (fakewriter_tasks == NULL) {
3819 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3820 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3821 			goto unwind;
3822 		}
3823 	}
3824 	for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++) {
3825 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fakewriter,
3826 						  NULL, fakewriter_tasks[i]);
3827 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3828 			goto unwind;
3829 	}
3830 	reader_tasks = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(reader_tasks[0]),
3831 			       GFP_KERNEL);
3832 	rcu_torture_reader_mbchk = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(*rcu_torture_reader_mbchk),
3833 					   GFP_KERNEL);
3834 	if (!reader_tasks || !rcu_torture_reader_mbchk) {
3835 		TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3836 		firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3837 		goto unwind;
3838 	}
3839 	for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
3840 		rcu_torture_reader_mbchk[i].rtc_chkrdr = -1;
3841 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_reader, (void *)i,
3842 						  reader_tasks[i]);
3843 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3844 			goto unwind;
3845 	}
3846 	nrealnocbers = nocbs_nthreads;
3847 	if (WARN_ON(nrealnocbers < 0))
3848 		nrealnocbers = 1;
3849 	if (WARN_ON(nocbs_toggle < 0))
3850 		nocbs_toggle = HZ;
3851 	if (nrealnocbers > 0) {
3852 		nocb_tasks = kcalloc(nrealnocbers, sizeof(nocb_tasks[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
3853 		if (nocb_tasks == NULL) {
3854 			TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
3855 			firsterr = -ENOMEM;
3856 			goto unwind;
3857 		}
3858 	} else {
3859 		nocb_tasks = NULL;
3860 	}
3861 	for (i = 0; i < nrealnocbers; i++) {
3862 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_nocb_toggle, NULL, nocb_tasks[i]);
3863 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3864 			goto unwind;
3865 	}
3866 	if (stat_interval > 0) {
3867 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_stats, NULL,
3868 						  stats_task);
3869 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3870 			goto unwind;
3871 	}
3872 	if (test_no_idle_hz && shuffle_interval > 0) {
3873 		firsterr = torture_shuffle_init(shuffle_interval * HZ);
3874 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3875 			goto unwind;
3876 	}
3877 	if (stutter < 0)
3878 		stutter = 0;
3879 	if (stutter) {
3880 		int t;
3881 
3882 		t = cur_ops->stall_dur ? cur_ops->stall_dur() : stutter * HZ;
3883 		firsterr = torture_stutter_init(stutter * HZ, t);
3884 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3885 			goto unwind;
3886 	}
3887 	if (fqs_duration < 0)
3888 		fqs_duration = 0;
3889 	if (fqs_holdoff < 0)
3890 		fqs_holdoff = 0;
3891 	if (fqs_duration && fqs_holdoff) {
3892 		/* Create the fqs thread */
3893 		firsterr = torture_create_kthread(rcu_torture_fqs, NULL,
3894 						  fqs_task);
3895 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3896 			goto unwind;
3897 	}
3898 	if (test_boost_interval < 1)
3899 		test_boost_interval = 1;
3900 	if (test_boost_duration < 2)
3901 		test_boost_duration = 2;
3902 	if (rcu_torture_can_boost()) {
3903 
3904 		boost_starttime = jiffies + test_boost_interval * HZ;
3905 
3906 		firsterr = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "RCU_TORTURE",
3907 					     rcutorture_booster_init,
3908 					     rcutorture_booster_cleanup);
3909 		rcutor_hp = firsterr;
3910 		if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3911 			goto unwind;
3912 	}
3913 	shutdown_jiffies = jiffies + shutdown_secs * HZ;
3914 	firsterr = torture_shutdown_init(shutdown_secs, rcu_torture_cleanup);
3915 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3916 		goto unwind;
3917 	firsterr = torture_onoff_init(onoff_holdoff * HZ, onoff_interval,
3918 				      rcutorture_sync);
3919 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3920 		goto unwind;
3921 	firsterr = rcu_torture_stall_init();
3922 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3923 		goto unwind;
3924 	firsterr = rcu_torture_fwd_prog_init();
3925 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3926 		goto unwind;
3927 	firsterr = rcu_torture_barrier_init();
3928 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3929 		goto unwind;
3930 	firsterr = rcu_torture_read_exit_init();
3931 	if (torture_init_error(firsterr))
3932 		goto unwind;
3933 	if (object_debug)
3934 		rcu_test_debug_objects();
3935 	torture_init_end();
3936 	if (cur_ops->gp_slow_register && !WARN_ON_ONCE(!cur_ops->gp_slow_unregister))
3937 		cur_ops->gp_slow_register(&rcu_fwd_cb_nodelay);
3938 	return 0;
3939 
3940 unwind:
3941 	torture_init_end();
3942 	rcu_torture_cleanup();
3943 	if (shutdown_secs) {
3944 		WARN_ON(!IS_MODULE(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST));
3945 		kernel_power_off();
3946 	}
3947 	return firsterr;
3948 }
3949 
3950 module_init(rcu_torture_init);
3951 module_exit(rcu_torture_cleanup);
3952