xref: /linux/kernel/locking/semaphore.c (revision b7019ac550eb3916f34d79db583e9b7ea2524afa)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2008 Intel Corporation
4  * Author: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
5  *
6  * This file implements counting semaphores.
7  * A counting semaphore may be acquired 'n' times before sleeping.
8  * See mutex.c for single-acquisition sleeping locks which enforce
9  * rules which allow code to be debugged more easily.
10  */
11 
12 /*
13  * Some notes on the implementation:
14  *
15  * The spinlock controls access to the other members of the semaphore.
16  * down_trylock() and up() can be called from interrupt context, so we
17  * have to disable interrupts when taking the lock.  It turns out various
18  * parts of the kernel expect to be able to use down() on a semaphore in
19  * interrupt context when they know it will succeed, so we have to use
20  * irqsave variants for down(), down_interruptible() and down_killable()
21  * too.
22  *
23  * The ->count variable represents how many more tasks can acquire this
24  * semaphore.  If it's zero, there may be tasks waiting on the wait_list.
25  */
26 
27 #include <linux/compiler.h>
28 #include <linux/kernel.h>
29 #include <linux/export.h>
30 #include <linux/sched.h>
31 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
32 #include <linux/semaphore.h>
33 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
34 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
35 
36 static noinline void __down(struct semaphore *sem);
37 static noinline int __down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem);
38 static noinline int __down_killable(struct semaphore *sem);
39 static noinline int __down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long timeout);
40 static noinline void __up(struct semaphore *sem);
41 
42 /**
43  * down - acquire the semaphore
44  * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
45  *
46  * Acquires the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to acquire the
47  * semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep until the
48  * semaphore is released.
49  *
50  * Use of this function is deprecated, please use down_interruptible() or
51  * down_killable() instead.
52  */
53 void down(struct semaphore *sem)
54 {
55 	unsigned long flags;
56 
57 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
58 	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
59 		sem->count--;
60 	else
61 		__down(sem);
62 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
63 }
64 EXPORT_SYMBOL(down);
65 
66 /**
67  * down_interruptible - acquire the semaphore unless interrupted
68  * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
69  *
70  * Attempts to acquire the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to
71  * acquire the semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep.
72  * If the sleep is interrupted by a signal, this function will return -EINTR.
73  * If the semaphore is successfully acquired, this function returns 0.
74  */
75 int down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem)
76 {
77 	unsigned long flags;
78 	int result = 0;
79 
80 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
81 	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
82 		sem->count--;
83 	else
84 		result = __down_interruptible(sem);
85 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
86 
87 	return result;
88 }
89 EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_interruptible);
90 
91 /**
92  * down_killable - acquire the semaphore unless killed
93  * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
94  *
95  * Attempts to acquire the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to
96  * acquire the semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep.
97  * If the sleep is interrupted by a fatal signal, this function will return
98  * -EINTR.  If the semaphore is successfully acquired, this function returns
99  * 0.
100  */
101 int down_killable(struct semaphore *sem)
102 {
103 	unsigned long flags;
104 	int result = 0;
105 
106 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
107 	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
108 		sem->count--;
109 	else
110 		result = __down_killable(sem);
111 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
112 
113 	return result;
114 }
115 EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_killable);
116 
117 /**
118  * down_trylock - try to acquire the semaphore, without waiting
119  * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
120  *
121  * Try to acquire the semaphore atomically.  Returns 0 if the semaphore has
122  * been acquired successfully or 1 if it it cannot be acquired.
123  *
124  * NOTE: This return value is inverted from both spin_trylock and
125  * mutex_trylock!  Be careful about this when converting code.
126  *
127  * Unlike mutex_trylock, this function can be used from interrupt context,
128  * and the semaphore can be released by any task or interrupt.
129  */
130 int down_trylock(struct semaphore *sem)
131 {
132 	unsigned long flags;
133 	int count;
134 
135 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
136 	count = sem->count - 1;
137 	if (likely(count >= 0))
138 		sem->count = count;
139 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
140 
141 	return (count < 0);
142 }
143 EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_trylock);
144 
145 /**
146  * down_timeout - acquire the semaphore within a specified time
147  * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
148  * @timeout: how long to wait before failing
149  *
150  * Attempts to acquire the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to
151  * acquire the semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep.
152  * If the semaphore is not released within the specified number of jiffies,
153  * this function returns -ETIME.  It returns 0 if the semaphore was acquired.
154  */
155 int down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long timeout)
156 {
157 	unsigned long flags;
158 	int result = 0;
159 
160 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
161 	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
162 		sem->count--;
163 	else
164 		result = __down_timeout(sem, timeout);
165 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
166 
167 	return result;
168 }
169 EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_timeout);
170 
171 /**
172  * up - release the semaphore
173  * @sem: the semaphore to release
174  *
175  * Release the semaphore.  Unlike mutexes, up() may be called from any
176  * context and even by tasks which have never called down().
177  */
178 void up(struct semaphore *sem)
179 {
180 	unsigned long flags;
181 
182 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
183 	if (likely(list_empty(&sem->wait_list)))
184 		sem->count++;
185 	else
186 		__up(sem);
187 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
188 }
189 EXPORT_SYMBOL(up);
190 
191 /* Functions for the contended case */
192 
193 struct semaphore_waiter {
194 	struct list_head list;
195 	struct task_struct *task;
196 	bool up;
197 };
198 
199 /*
200  * Because this function is inlined, the 'state' parameter will be
201  * constant, and thus optimised away by the compiler.  Likewise the
202  * 'timeout' parameter for the cases without timeouts.
203  */
204 static inline int __sched __down_common(struct semaphore *sem, long state,
205 								long timeout)
206 {
207 	struct semaphore_waiter waiter;
208 
209 	list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list);
210 	waiter.task = current;
211 	waiter.up = false;
212 
213 	for (;;) {
214 		if (signal_pending_state(state, current))
215 			goto interrupted;
216 		if (unlikely(timeout <= 0))
217 			goto timed_out;
218 		__set_current_state(state);
219 		raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->lock);
220 		timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);
221 		raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->lock);
222 		if (waiter.up)
223 			return 0;
224 	}
225 
226  timed_out:
227 	list_del(&waiter.list);
228 	return -ETIME;
229 
230  interrupted:
231 	list_del(&waiter.list);
232 	return -EINTR;
233 }
234 
235 static noinline void __sched __down(struct semaphore *sem)
236 {
237 	__down_common(sem, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
238 }
239 
240 static noinline int __sched __down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem)
241 {
242 	return __down_common(sem, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
243 }
244 
245 static noinline int __sched __down_killable(struct semaphore *sem)
246 {
247 	return __down_common(sem, TASK_KILLABLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
248 }
249 
250 static noinline int __sched __down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long timeout)
251 {
252 	return __down_common(sem, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, timeout);
253 }
254 
255 static noinline void __sched __up(struct semaphore *sem)
256 {
257 	struct semaphore_waiter *waiter = list_first_entry(&sem->wait_list,
258 						struct semaphore_waiter, list);
259 	list_del(&waiter->list);
260 	waiter->up = true;
261 	wake_up_process(waiter->task);
262 }
263