xref: /linux/kernel/locking/semaphore.c (revision 8e3ed5440b0c305dcd1d5fa7419bd8066d22ef42)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2008 Intel Corporation
4  * Author: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
5  *
6  * This file implements counting semaphores.
7  * A counting semaphore may be acquired 'n' times before sleeping.
8  * See mutex.c for single-acquisition sleeping locks which enforce
9  * rules which allow code to be debugged more easily.
10  */
11 
12 /*
13  * Some notes on the implementation:
14  *
15  * The spinlock controls access to the other members of the semaphore.
16  * down_trylock() and up() can be called from interrupt context, so we
17  * have to disable interrupts when taking the lock.  It turns out various
18  * parts of the kernel expect to be able to use down() on a semaphore in
19  * interrupt context when they know it will succeed, so we have to use
20  * irqsave variants for down(), down_interruptible() and down_killable()
21  * too.
22  *
23  * The ->count variable represents how many more tasks can acquire this
24  * semaphore.  If it's zero, there may be tasks waiting on the wait_list.
25  */
26 
27 #include <linux/compiler.h>
28 #include <linux/kernel.h>
29 #include <linux/export.h>
30 #include <linux/sched.h>
31 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
32 #include <linux/semaphore.h>
33 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
34 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
35 #include <trace/events/lock.h>
36 
37 static noinline void __down(struct semaphore *sem);
38 static noinline int __down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem);
39 static noinline int __down_killable(struct semaphore *sem);
40 static noinline int __down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long timeout);
41 static noinline void __up(struct semaphore *sem);
42 
43 /**
44  * down - acquire the semaphore
45  * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
46  *
47  * Acquires the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to acquire the
48  * semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep until the
49  * semaphore is released.
50  *
51  * Use of this function is deprecated, please use down_interruptible() or
52  * down_killable() instead.
53  */
54 void __sched down(struct semaphore *sem)
55 {
56 	unsigned long flags;
57 
58 	might_sleep();
59 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
60 	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
61 		sem->count--;
62 	else
63 		__down(sem);
64 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
65 }
66 EXPORT_SYMBOL(down);
67 
68 /**
69  * down_interruptible - acquire the semaphore unless interrupted
70  * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
71  *
72  * Attempts to acquire the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to
73  * acquire the semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep.
74  * If the sleep is interrupted by a signal, this function will return -EINTR.
75  * If the semaphore is successfully acquired, this function returns 0.
76  */
77 int __sched down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem)
78 {
79 	unsigned long flags;
80 	int result = 0;
81 
82 	might_sleep();
83 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
84 	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
85 		sem->count--;
86 	else
87 		result = __down_interruptible(sem);
88 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
89 
90 	return result;
91 }
92 EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_interruptible);
93 
94 /**
95  * down_killable - acquire the semaphore unless killed
96  * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
97  *
98  * Attempts to acquire the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to
99  * acquire the semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep.
100  * If the sleep is interrupted by a fatal signal, this function will return
101  * -EINTR.  If the semaphore is successfully acquired, this function returns
102  * 0.
103  */
104 int __sched down_killable(struct semaphore *sem)
105 {
106 	unsigned long flags;
107 	int result = 0;
108 
109 	might_sleep();
110 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
111 	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
112 		sem->count--;
113 	else
114 		result = __down_killable(sem);
115 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
116 
117 	return result;
118 }
119 EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_killable);
120 
121 /**
122  * down_trylock - try to acquire the semaphore, without waiting
123  * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
124  *
125  * Try to acquire the semaphore atomically.  Returns 0 if the semaphore has
126  * been acquired successfully or 1 if it cannot be acquired.
127  *
128  * NOTE: This return value is inverted from both spin_trylock and
129  * mutex_trylock!  Be careful about this when converting code.
130  *
131  * Unlike mutex_trylock, this function can be used from interrupt context,
132  * and the semaphore can be released by any task or interrupt.
133  */
134 int __sched down_trylock(struct semaphore *sem)
135 {
136 	unsigned long flags;
137 	int count;
138 
139 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
140 	count = sem->count - 1;
141 	if (likely(count >= 0))
142 		sem->count = count;
143 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
144 
145 	return (count < 0);
146 }
147 EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_trylock);
148 
149 /**
150  * down_timeout - acquire the semaphore within a specified time
151  * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
152  * @timeout: how long to wait before failing
153  *
154  * Attempts to acquire the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to
155  * acquire the semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep.
156  * If the semaphore is not released within the specified number of jiffies,
157  * this function returns -ETIME.  It returns 0 if the semaphore was acquired.
158  */
159 int __sched down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long timeout)
160 {
161 	unsigned long flags;
162 	int result = 0;
163 
164 	might_sleep();
165 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
166 	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
167 		sem->count--;
168 	else
169 		result = __down_timeout(sem, timeout);
170 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
171 
172 	return result;
173 }
174 EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_timeout);
175 
176 /**
177  * up - release the semaphore
178  * @sem: the semaphore to release
179  *
180  * Release the semaphore.  Unlike mutexes, up() may be called from any
181  * context and even by tasks which have never called down().
182  */
183 void __sched up(struct semaphore *sem)
184 {
185 	unsigned long flags;
186 
187 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
188 	if (likely(list_empty(&sem->wait_list)))
189 		sem->count++;
190 	else
191 		__up(sem);
192 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
193 }
194 EXPORT_SYMBOL(up);
195 
196 /* Functions for the contended case */
197 
198 struct semaphore_waiter {
199 	struct list_head list;
200 	struct task_struct *task;
201 	bool up;
202 };
203 
204 /*
205  * Because this function is inlined, the 'state' parameter will be
206  * constant, and thus optimised away by the compiler.  Likewise the
207  * 'timeout' parameter for the cases without timeouts.
208  */
209 static inline int __sched ___down_common(struct semaphore *sem, long state,
210 								long timeout)
211 {
212 	struct semaphore_waiter waiter;
213 
214 	list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list);
215 	waiter.task = current;
216 	waiter.up = false;
217 
218 	for (;;) {
219 		if (signal_pending_state(state, current))
220 			goto interrupted;
221 		if (unlikely(timeout <= 0))
222 			goto timed_out;
223 		__set_current_state(state);
224 		raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->lock);
225 		timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);
226 		raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->lock);
227 		if (waiter.up)
228 			return 0;
229 	}
230 
231  timed_out:
232 	list_del(&waiter.list);
233 	return -ETIME;
234 
235  interrupted:
236 	list_del(&waiter.list);
237 	return -EINTR;
238 }
239 
240 static inline int __sched __down_common(struct semaphore *sem, long state,
241 					long timeout)
242 {
243 	int ret;
244 
245 	trace_contention_begin(sem, 0);
246 	ret = ___down_common(sem, state, timeout);
247 	trace_contention_end(sem, ret);
248 
249 	return ret;
250 }
251 
252 static noinline void __sched __down(struct semaphore *sem)
253 {
254 	__down_common(sem, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
255 }
256 
257 static noinline int __sched __down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem)
258 {
259 	return __down_common(sem, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
260 }
261 
262 static noinline int __sched __down_killable(struct semaphore *sem)
263 {
264 	return __down_common(sem, TASK_KILLABLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
265 }
266 
267 static noinline int __sched __down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long timeout)
268 {
269 	return __down_common(sem, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, timeout);
270 }
271 
272 static noinline void __sched __up(struct semaphore *sem)
273 {
274 	struct semaphore_waiter *waiter = list_first_entry(&sem->wait_list,
275 						struct semaphore_waiter, list);
276 	list_del(&waiter->list);
277 	waiter->up = true;
278 	wake_up_process(waiter->task);
279 }
280