xref: /linux/kernel/locking/mcs_spinlock.h (revision b85d45947951d23cb22d90caecf4c1eb81342c96)
1 /*
2  * MCS lock defines
3  *
4  * This file contains the main data structure and API definitions of MCS lock.
5  *
6  * The MCS lock (proposed by Mellor-Crummey and Scott) is a simple spin-lock
7  * with the desirable properties of being fair, and with each cpu trying
8  * to acquire the lock spinning on a local variable.
9  * It avoids expensive cache bouncings that common test-and-set spin-lock
10  * implementations incur.
11  */
12 #ifndef __LINUX_MCS_SPINLOCK_H
13 #define __LINUX_MCS_SPINLOCK_H
14 
15 #include <asm/mcs_spinlock.h>
16 
17 struct mcs_spinlock {
18 	struct mcs_spinlock *next;
19 	int locked; /* 1 if lock acquired */
20 	int count;  /* nesting count, see qspinlock.c */
21 };
22 
23 #ifndef arch_mcs_spin_lock_contended
24 /*
25  * Using smp_load_acquire() provides a memory barrier that ensures
26  * subsequent operations happen after the lock is acquired.
27  */
28 #define arch_mcs_spin_lock_contended(l)					\
29 do {									\
30 	while (!(smp_load_acquire(l)))					\
31 		cpu_relax_lowlatency();					\
32 } while (0)
33 #endif
34 
35 #ifndef arch_mcs_spin_unlock_contended
36 /*
37  * smp_store_release() provides a memory barrier to ensure all
38  * operations in the critical section has been completed before
39  * unlocking.
40  */
41 #define arch_mcs_spin_unlock_contended(l)				\
42 	smp_store_release((l), 1)
43 #endif
44 
45 /*
46  * Note: the smp_load_acquire/smp_store_release pair is not
47  * sufficient to form a full memory barrier across
48  * cpus for many architectures (except x86) for mcs_unlock and mcs_lock.
49  * For applications that need a full barrier across multiple cpus
50  * with mcs_unlock and mcs_lock pair, smp_mb__after_unlock_lock() should be
51  * used after mcs_lock.
52  */
53 
54 /*
55  * In order to acquire the lock, the caller should declare a local node and
56  * pass a reference of the node to this function in addition to the lock.
57  * If the lock has already been acquired, then this will proceed to spin
58  * on this node->locked until the previous lock holder sets the node->locked
59  * in mcs_spin_unlock().
60  */
61 static inline
62 void mcs_spin_lock(struct mcs_spinlock **lock, struct mcs_spinlock *node)
63 {
64 	struct mcs_spinlock *prev;
65 
66 	/* Init node */
67 	node->locked = 0;
68 	node->next   = NULL;
69 
70 	prev = xchg(lock, node);
71 	if (likely(prev == NULL)) {
72 		/*
73 		 * Lock acquired, don't need to set node->locked to 1. Threads
74 		 * only spin on its own node->locked value for lock acquisition.
75 		 * However, since this thread can immediately acquire the lock
76 		 * and does not proceed to spin on its own node->locked, this
77 		 * value won't be used. If a debug mode is needed to
78 		 * audit lock status, then set node->locked value here.
79 		 */
80 		return;
81 	}
82 	WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, node);
83 
84 	/* Wait until the lock holder passes the lock down. */
85 	arch_mcs_spin_lock_contended(&node->locked);
86 }
87 
88 /*
89  * Releases the lock. The caller should pass in the corresponding node that
90  * was used to acquire the lock.
91  */
92 static inline
93 void mcs_spin_unlock(struct mcs_spinlock **lock, struct mcs_spinlock *node)
94 {
95 	struct mcs_spinlock *next = READ_ONCE(node->next);
96 
97 	if (likely(!next)) {
98 		/*
99 		 * Release the lock by setting it to NULL
100 		 */
101 		if (likely(cmpxchg(lock, node, NULL) == node))
102 			return;
103 		/* Wait until the next pointer is set */
104 		while (!(next = READ_ONCE(node->next)))
105 			cpu_relax_lowlatency();
106 	}
107 
108 	/* Pass lock to next waiter. */
109 	arch_mcs_spin_unlock_contended(&next->locked);
110 }
111 
112 #endif /* __LINUX_MCS_SPINLOCK_H */
113