xref: /linux/kernel/kcov.c (revision b6ebbac51bedf9e98e837688bc838f400196da5e)
1 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "kcov: " fmt
2 
3 #define DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING
4 #include <linux/compiler.h>
5 #include <linux/types.h>
6 #include <linux/file.h>
7 #include <linux/fs.h>
8 #include <linux/mm.h>
9 #include <linux/printk.h>
10 #include <linux/slab.h>
11 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
12 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
13 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
14 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
15 #include <linux/kcov.h>
16 
17 /*
18  * kcov descriptor (one per opened debugfs file).
19  * State transitions of the descriptor:
20  *  - initial state after open()
21  *  - then there must be a single ioctl(KCOV_INIT_TRACE) call
22  *  - then, mmap() call (several calls are allowed but not useful)
23  *  - then, repeated enable/disable for a task (only one task a time allowed)
24  */
25 struct kcov {
26 	/*
27 	 * Reference counter. We keep one for:
28 	 *  - opened file descriptor
29 	 *  - task with enabled coverage (we can't unwire it from another task)
30 	 */
31 	atomic_t		refcount;
32 	/* The lock protects mode, size, area and t. */
33 	spinlock_t		lock;
34 	enum kcov_mode		mode;
35 	/* Size of arena (in long's for KCOV_MODE_TRACE). */
36 	unsigned		size;
37 	/* Coverage buffer shared with user space. */
38 	void			*area;
39 	/* Task for which we collect coverage, or NULL. */
40 	struct task_struct	*t;
41 };
42 
43 /*
44  * Entry point from instrumented code.
45  * This is called once per basic-block/edge.
46  */
47 void notrace __sanitizer_cov_trace_pc(void)
48 {
49 	struct task_struct *t;
50 	enum kcov_mode mode;
51 
52 	t = current;
53 	/*
54 	 * We are interested in code coverage as a function of a syscall inputs,
55 	 * so we ignore code executed in interrupts.
56 	 */
57 	if (!t || in_interrupt())
58 		return;
59 	mode = READ_ONCE(t->kcov_mode);
60 	if (mode == KCOV_MODE_TRACE) {
61 		unsigned long *area;
62 		unsigned long pos;
63 
64 		/*
65 		 * There is some code that runs in interrupts but for which
66 		 * in_interrupt() returns false (e.g. preempt_schedule_irq()).
67 		 * READ_ONCE()/barrier() effectively provides load-acquire wrt
68 		 * interrupts, there are paired barrier()/WRITE_ONCE() in
69 		 * kcov_ioctl_locked().
70 		 */
71 		barrier();
72 		area = t->kcov_area;
73 		/* The first word is number of subsequent PCs. */
74 		pos = READ_ONCE(area[0]) + 1;
75 		if (likely(pos < t->kcov_size)) {
76 			area[pos] = _RET_IP_;
77 			WRITE_ONCE(area[0], pos);
78 		}
79 	}
80 }
81 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__sanitizer_cov_trace_pc);
82 
83 static void kcov_get(struct kcov *kcov)
84 {
85 	atomic_inc(&kcov->refcount);
86 }
87 
88 static void kcov_put(struct kcov *kcov)
89 {
90 	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&kcov->refcount)) {
91 		vfree(kcov->area);
92 		kfree(kcov);
93 	}
94 }
95 
96 void kcov_task_init(struct task_struct *t)
97 {
98 	t->kcov_mode = KCOV_MODE_DISABLED;
99 	t->kcov_size = 0;
100 	t->kcov_area = NULL;
101 	t->kcov = NULL;
102 }
103 
104 void kcov_task_exit(struct task_struct *t)
105 {
106 	struct kcov *kcov;
107 
108 	kcov = t->kcov;
109 	if (kcov == NULL)
110 		return;
111 	spin_lock(&kcov->lock);
112 	if (WARN_ON(kcov->t != t)) {
113 		spin_unlock(&kcov->lock);
114 		return;
115 	}
116 	/* Just to not leave dangling references behind. */
117 	kcov_task_init(t);
118 	kcov->t = NULL;
119 	spin_unlock(&kcov->lock);
120 	kcov_put(kcov);
121 }
122 
123 static int kcov_mmap(struct file *filep, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
124 {
125 	int res = 0;
126 	void *area;
127 	struct kcov *kcov = vma->vm_file->private_data;
128 	unsigned long size, off;
129 	struct page *page;
130 
131 	area = vmalloc_user(vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start);
132 	if (!area)
133 		return -ENOMEM;
134 
135 	spin_lock(&kcov->lock);
136 	size = kcov->size * sizeof(unsigned long);
137 	if (kcov->mode == KCOV_MODE_DISABLED || vma->vm_pgoff != 0 ||
138 	    vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start != size) {
139 		res = -EINVAL;
140 		goto exit;
141 	}
142 	if (!kcov->area) {
143 		kcov->area = area;
144 		vma->vm_flags |= VM_DONTEXPAND;
145 		spin_unlock(&kcov->lock);
146 		for (off = 0; off < size; off += PAGE_SIZE) {
147 			page = vmalloc_to_page(kcov->area + off);
148 			if (vm_insert_page(vma, vma->vm_start + off, page))
149 				WARN_ONCE(1, "vm_insert_page() failed");
150 		}
151 		return 0;
152 	}
153 exit:
154 	spin_unlock(&kcov->lock);
155 	vfree(area);
156 	return res;
157 }
158 
159 static int kcov_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filep)
160 {
161 	struct kcov *kcov;
162 
163 	kcov = kzalloc(sizeof(*kcov), GFP_KERNEL);
164 	if (!kcov)
165 		return -ENOMEM;
166 	atomic_set(&kcov->refcount, 1);
167 	spin_lock_init(&kcov->lock);
168 	filep->private_data = kcov;
169 	return nonseekable_open(inode, filep);
170 }
171 
172 static int kcov_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *filep)
173 {
174 	kcov_put(filep->private_data);
175 	return 0;
176 }
177 
178 static int kcov_ioctl_locked(struct kcov *kcov, unsigned int cmd,
179 			     unsigned long arg)
180 {
181 	struct task_struct *t;
182 	unsigned long size, unused;
183 
184 	switch (cmd) {
185 	case KCOV_INIT_TRACE:
186 		/*
187 		 * Enable kcov in trace mode and setup buffer size.
188 		 * Must happen before anything else.
189 		 */
190 		if (kcov->mode != KCOV_MODE_DISABLED)
191 			return -EBUSY;
192 		/*
193 		 * Size must be at least 2 to hold current position and one PC.
194 		 * Later we allocate size * sizeof(unsigned long) memory,
195 		 * that must not overflow.
196 		 */
197 		size = arg;
198 		if (size < 2 || size > INT_MAX / sizeof(unsigned long))
199 			return -EINVAL;
200 		kcov->size = size;
201 		kcov->mode = KCOV_MODE_TRACE;
202 		return 0;
203 	case KCOV_ENABLE:
204 		/*
205 		 * Enable coverage for the current task.
206 		 * At this point user must have been enabled trace mode,
207 		 * and mmapped the file. Coverage collection is disabled only
208 		 * at task exit or voluntary by KCOV_DISABLE. After that it can
209 		 * be enabled for another task.
210 		 */
211 		unused = arg;
212 		if (unused != 0 || kcov->mode == KCOV_MODE_DISABLED ||
213 		    kcov->area == NULL)
214 			return -EINVAL;
215 		if (kcov->t != NULL)
216 			return -EBUSY;
217 		t = current;
218 		/* Cache in task struct for performance. */
219 		t->kcov_size = kcov->size;
220 		t->kcov_area = kcov->area;
221 		/* See comment in __sanitizer_cov_trace_pc(). */
222 		barrier();
223 		WRITE_ONCE(t->kcov_mode, kcov->mode);
224 		t->kcov = kcov;
225 		kcov->t = t;
226 		/* This is put either in kcov_task_exit() or in KCOV_DISABLE. */
227 		kcov_get(kcov);
228 		return 0;
229 	case KCOV_DISABLE:
230 		/* Disable coverage for the current task. */
231 		unused = arg;
232 		if (unused != 0 || current->kcov != kcov)
233 			return -EINVAL;
234 		t = current;
235 		if (WARN_ON(kcov->t != t))
236 			return -EINVAL;
237 		kcov_task_init(t);
238 		kcov->t = NULL;
239 		kcov_put(kcov);
240 		return 0;
241 	default:
242 		return -ENOTTY;
243 	}
244 }
245 
246 static long kcov_ioctl(struct file *filep, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
247 {
248 	struct kcov *kcov;
249 	int res;
250 
251 	kcov = filep->private_data;
252 	spin_lock(&kcov->lock);
253 	res = kcov_ioctl_locked(kcov, cmd, arg);
254 	spin_unlock(&kcov->lock);
255 	return res;
256 }
257 
258 static const struct file_operations kcov_fops = {
259 	.open		= kcov_open,
260 	.unlocked_ioctl	= kcov_ioctl,
261 	.mmap		= kcov_mmap,
262 	.release        = kcov_close,
263 };
264 
265 static int __init kcov_init(void)
266 {
267 	/*
268 	 * The kcov debugfs file won't ever get removed and thus,
269 	 * there is no need to protect it against removal races. The
270 	 * use of debugfs_create_file_unsafe() is actually safe here.
271 	 */
272 	if (!debugfs_create_file_unsafe("kcov", 0600, NULL, NULL, &kcov_fops)) {
273 		pr_err("failed to create kcov in debugfs\n");
274 		return -ENOMEM;
275 	}
276 	return 0;
277 }
278 
279 device_initcall(kcov_init);
280