1 /* 2 * Longest prefix match list implementation 3 * 4 * Copyright (c) 2016,2017 Daniel Mack 5 * Copyright (c) 2016 David Herrmann 6 * 7 * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of version 2 of the GNU 8 * General Public License. See the file COPYING in the main directory of the 9 * Linux distribution for more details. 10 */ 11 12 #include <linux/bpf.h> 13 #include <linux/err.h> 14 #include <linux/slab.h> 15 #include <linux/spinlock.h> 16 #include <linux/vmalloc.h> 17 #include <net/ipv6.h> 18 19 /* Intermediate node */ 20 #define LPM_TREE_NODE_FLAG_IM BIT(0) 21 22 struct lpm_trie_node; 23 24 struct lpm_trie_node { 25 struct rcu_head rcu; 26 struct lpm_trie_node __rcu *child[2]; 27 u32 prefixlen; 28 u32 flags; 29 u8 data[0]; 30 }; 31 32 struct lpm_trie { 33 struct bpf_map map; 34 struct lpm_trie_node __rcu *root; 35 size_t n_entries; 36 size_t max_prefixlen; 37 size_t data_size; 38 raw_spinlock_t lock; 39 }; 40 41 /* This trie implements a longest prefix match algorithm that can be used to 42 * match IP addresses to a stored set of ranges. 43 * 44 * Data stored in @data of struct bpf_lpm_key and struct lpm_trie_node is 45 * interpreted as big endian, so data[0] stores the most significant byte. 46 * 47 * Match ranges are internally stored in instances of struct lpm_trie_node 48 * which each contain their prefix length as well as two pointers that may 49 * lead to more nodes containing more specific matches. Each node also stores 50 * a value that is defined by and returned to userspace via the update_elem 51 * and lookup functions. 52 * 53 * For instance, let's start with a trie that was created with a prefix length 54 * of 32, so it can be used for IPv4 addresses, and one single element that 55 * matches 192.168.0.0/16. The data array would hence contain 56 * [0xc0, 0xa8, 0x00, 0x00] in big-endian notation. This documentation will 57 * stick to IP-address notation for readability though. 58 * 59 * As the trie is empty initially, the new node (1) will be places as root 60 * node, denoted as (R) in the example below. As there are no other node, both 61 * child pointers are %NULL. 62 * 63 * +----------------+ 64 * | (1) (R) | 65 * | 192.168.0.0/16 | 66 * | value: 1 | 67 * | [0] [1] | 68 * +----------------+ 69 * 70 * Next, let's add a new node (2) matching 192.168.0.0/24. As there is already 71 * a node with the same data and a smaller prefix (ie, a less specific one), 72 * node (2) will become a child of (1). In child index depends on the next bit 73 * that is outside of what (1) matches, and that bit is 0, so (2) will be 74 * child[0] of (1): 75 * 76 * +----------------+ 77 * | (1) (R) | 78 * | 192.168.0.0/16 | 79 * | value: 1 | 80 * | [0] [1] | 81 * +----------------+ 82 * | 83 * +----------------+ 84 * | (2) | 85 * | 192.168.0.0/24 | 86 * | value: 2 | 87 * | [0] [1] | 88 * +----------------+ 89 * 90 * The child[1] slot of (1) could be filled with another node which has bit #17 91 * (the next bit after the ones that (1) matches on) set to 1. For instance, 92 * 192.168.128.0/24: 93 * 94 * +----------------+ 95 * | (1) (R) | 96 * | 192.168.0.0/16 | 97 * | value: 1 | 98 * | [0] [1] | 99 * +----------------+ 100 * | | 101 * +----------------+ +------------------+ 102 * | (2) | | (3) | 103 * | 192.168.0.0/24 | | 192.168.128.0/24 | 104 * | value: 2 | | value: 3 | 105 * | [0] [1] | | [0] [1] | 106 * +----------------+ +------------------+ 107 * 108 * Let's add another node (4) to the game for 192.168.1.0/24. In order to place 109 * it, node (1) is looked at first, and because (4) of the semantics laid out 110 * above (bit #17 is 0), it would normally be attached to (1) as child[0]. 111 * However, that slot is already allocated, so a new node is needed in between. 112 * That node does not have a value attached to it and it will never be 113 * returned to users as result of a lookup. It is only there to differentiate 114 * the traversal further. It will get a prefix as wide as necessary to 115 * distinguish its two children: 116 * 117 * +----------------+ 118 * | (1) (R) | 119 * | 192.168.0.0/16 | 120 * | value: 1 | 121 * | [0] [1] | 122 * +----------------+ 123 * | | 124 * +----------------+ +------------------+ 125 * | (4) (I) | | (3) | 126 * | 192.168.0.0/23 | | 192.168.128.0/24 | 127 * | value: --- | | value: 3 | 128 * | [0] [1] | | [0] [1] | 129 * +----------------+ +------------------+ 130 * | | 131 * +----------------+ +----------------+ 132 * | (2) | | (5) | 133 * | 192.168.0.0/24 | | 192.168.1.0/24 | 134 * | value: 2 | | value: 5 | 135 * | [0] [1] | | [0] [1] | 136 * +----------------+ +----------------+ 137 * 138 * 192.168.1.1/32 would be a child of (5) etc. 139 * 140 * An intermediate node will be turned into a 'real' node on demand. In the 141 * example above, (4) would be re-used if 192.168.0.0/23 is added to the trie. 142 * 143 * A fully populated trie would have a height of 32 nodes, as the trie was 144 * created with a prefix length of 32. 145 * 146 * The lookup starts at the root node. If the current node matches and if there 147 * is a child that can be used to become more specific, the trie is traversed 148 * downwards. The last node in the traversal that is a non-intermediate one is 149 * returned. 150 */ 151 152 static inline int extract_bit(const u8 *data, size_t index) 153 { 154 return !!(data[index / 8] & (1 << (7 - (index % 8)))); 155 } 156 157 /** 158 * longest_prefix_match() - determine the longest prefix 159 * @trie: The trie to get internal sizes from 160 * @node: The node to operate on 161 * @key: The key to compare to @node 162 * 163 * Determine the longest prefix of @node that matches the bits in @key. 164 */ 165 static size_t longest_prefix_match(const struct lpm_trie *trie, 166 const struct lpm_trie_node *node, 167 const struct bpf_lpm_trie_key *key) 168 { 169 size_t prefixlen = 0; 170 size_t i; 171 172 for (i = 0; i < trie->data_size; i++) { 173 size_t b; 174 175 b = 8 - fls(node->data[i] ^ key->data[i]); 176 prefixlen += b; 177 178 if (prefixlen >= node->prefixlen || prefixlen >= key->prefixlen) 179 return min(node->prefixlen, key->prefixlen); 180 181 if (b < 8) 182 break; 183 } 184 185 return prefixlen; 186 } 187 188 /* Called from syscall or from eBPF program */ 189 static void *trie_lookup_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *_key) 190 { 191 struct lpm_trie *trie = container_of(map, struct lpm_trie, map); 192 struct lpm_trie_node *node, *found = NULL; 193 struct bpf_lpm_trie_key *key = _key; 194 195 /* Start walking the trie from the root node ... */ 196 197 for (node = rcu_dereference(trie->root); node;) { 198 unsigned int next_bit; 199 size_t matchlen; 200 201 /* Determine the longest prefix of @node that matches @key. 202 * If it's the maximum possible prefix for this trie, we have 203 * an exact match and can return it directly. 204 */ 205 matchlen = longest_prefix_match(trie, node, key); 206 if (matchlen == trie->max_prefixlen) { 207 found = node; 208 break; 209 } 210 211 /* If the number of bits that match is smaller than the prefix 212 * length of @node, bail out and return the node we have seen 213 * last in the traversal (ie, the parent). 214 */ 215 if (matchlen < node->prefixlen) 216 break; 217 218 /* Consider this node as return candidate unless it is an 219 * artificially added intermediate one. 220 */ 221 if (!(node->flags & LPM_TREE_NODE_FLAG_IM)) 222 found = node; 223 224 /* If the node match is fully satisfied, let's see if we can 225 * become more specific. Determine the next bit in the key and 226 * traverse down. 227 */ 228 next_bit = extract_bit(key->data, node->prefixlen); 229 node = rcu_dereference(node->child[next_bit]); 230 } 231 232 if (!found) 233 return NULL; 234 235 return found->data + trie->data_size; 236 } 237 238 static struct lpm_trie_node *lpm_trie_node_alloc(const struct lpm_trie *trie, 239 const void *value) 240 { 241 struct lpm_trie_node *node; 242 size_t size = sizeof(struct lpm_trie_node) + trie->data_size; 243 244 if (value) 245 size += trie->map.value_size; 246 247 node = kmalloc_node(size, GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN, 248 trie->map.numa_node); 249 if (!node) 250 return NULL; 251 252 node->flags = 0; 253 254 if (value) 255 memcpy(node->data + trie->data_size, value, 256 trie->map.value_size); 257 258 return node; 259 } 260 261 /* Called from syscall or from eBPF program */ 262 static int trie_update_elem(struct bpf_map *map, 263 void *_key, void *value, u64 flags) 264 { 265 struct lpm_trie *trie = container_of(map, struct lpm_trie, map); 266 struct lpm_trie_node *node, *im_node = NULL, *new_node = NULL; 267 struct lpm_trie_node __rcu **slot; 268 struct bpf_lpm_trie_key *key = _key; 269 unsigned long irq_flags; 270 unsigned int next_bit; 271 size_t matchlen = 0; 272 int ret = 0; 273 274 if (unlikely(flags > BPF_EXIST)) 275 return -EINVAL; 276 277 if (key->prefixlen > trie->max_prefixlen) 278 return -EINVAL; 279 280 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&trie->lock, irq_flags); 281 282 /* Allocate and fill a new node */ 283 284 if (trie->n_entries == trie->map.max_entries) { 285 ret = -ENOSPC; 286 goto out; 287 } 288 289 new_node = lpm_trie_node_alloc(trie, value); 290 if (!new_node) { 291 ret = -ENOMEM; 292 goto out; 293 } 294 295 trie->n_entries++; 296 297 new_node->prefixlen = key->prefixlen; 298 RCU_INIT_POINTER(new_node->child[0], NULL); 299 RCU_INIT_POINTER(new_node->child[1], NULL); 300 memcpy(new_node->data, key->data, trie->data_size); 301 302 /* Now find a slot to attach the new node. To do that, walk the tree 303 * from the root and match as many bits as possible for each node until 304 * we either find an empty slot or a slot that needs to be replaced by 305 * an intermediate node. 306 */ 307 slot = &trie->root; 308 309 while ((node = rcu_dereference_protected(*slot, 310 lockdep_is_held(&trie->lock)))) { 311 matchlen = longest_prefix_match(trie, node, key); 312 313 if (node->prefixlen != matchlen || 314 node->prefixlen == key->prefixlen || 315 node->prefixlen == trie->max_prefixlen) 316 break; 317 318 next_bit = extract_bit(key->data, node->prefixlen); 319 slot = &node->child[next_bit]; 320 } 321 322 /* If the slot is empty (a free child pointer or an empty root), 323 * simply assign the @new_node to that slot and be done. 324 */ 325 if (!node) { 326 rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, new_node); 327 goto out; 328 } 329 330 /* If the slot we picked already exists, replace it with @new_node 331 * which already has the correct data array set. 332 */ 333 if (node->prefixlen == matchlen) { 334 new_node->child[0] = node->child[0]; 335 new_node->child[1] = node->child[1]; 336 337 if (!(node->flags & LPM_TREE_NODE_FLAG_IM)) 338 trie->n_entries--; 339 340 rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, new_node); 341 kfree_rcu(node, rcu); 342 343 goto out; 344 } 345 346 /* If the new node matches the prefix completely, it must be inserted 347 * as an ancestor. Simply insert it between @node and *@slot. 348 */ 349 if (matchlen == key->prefixlen) { 350 next_bit = extract_bit(node->data, matchlen); 351 rcu_assign_pointer(new_node->child[next_bit], node); 352 rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, new_node); 353 goto out; 354 } 355 356 im_node = lpm_trie_node_alloc(trie, NULL); 357 if (!im_node) { 358 ret = -ENOMEM; 359 goto out; 360 } 361 362 im_node->prefixlen = matchlen; 363 im_node->flags |= LPM_TREE_NODE_FLAG_IM; 364 memcpy(im_node->data, node->data, trie->data_size); 365 366 /* Now determine which child to install in which slot */ 367 if (extract_bit(key->data, matchlen)) { 368 rcu_assign_pointer(im_node->child[0], node); 369 rcu_assign_pointer(im_node->child[1], new_node); 370 } else { 371 rcu_assign_pointer(im_node->child[0], new_node); 372 rcu_assign_pointer(im_node->child[1], node); 373 } 374 375 /* Finally, assign the intermediate node to the determined spot */ 376 rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, im_node); 377 378 out: 379 if (ret) { 380 if (new_node) 381 trie->n_entries--; 382 383 kfree(new_node); 384 kfree(im_node); 385 } 386 387 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&trie->lock, irq_flags); 388 389 return ret; 390 } 391 392 /* Called from syscall or from eBPF program */ 393 static int trie_delete_elem(struct bpf_map *map, void *_key) 394 { 395 struct lpm_trie *trie = container_of(map, struct lpm_trie, map); 396 struct bpf_lpm_trie_key *key = _key; 397 struct lpm_trie_node __rcu **trim, **trim2; 398 struct lpm_trie_node *node, *parent; 399 unsigned long irq_flags; 400 unsigned int next_bit; 401 size_t matchlen = 0; 402 int ret = 0; 403 404 if (key->prefixlen > trie->max_prefixlen) 405 return -EINVAL; 406 407 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&trie->lock, irq_flags); 408 409 /* Walk the tree looking for an exact key/length match and keeping 410 * track of the path we traverse. We will need to know the node 411 * we wish to delete, and the slot that points to the node we want 412 * to delete. We may also need to know the nodes parent and the 413 * slot that contains it. 414 */ 415 trim = &trie->root; 416 trim2 = trim; 417 parent = NULL; 418 while ((node = rcu_dereference_protected( 419 *trim, lockdep_is_held(&trie->lock)))) { 420 matchlen = longest_prefix_match(trie, node, key); 421 422 if (node->prefixlen != matchlen || 423 node->prefixlen == key->prefixlen) 424 break; 425 426 parent = node; 427 trim2 = trim; 428 next_bit = extract_bit(key->data, node->prefixlen); 429 trim = &node->child[next_bit]; 430 } 431 432 if (!node || node->prefixlen != key->prefixlen || 433 (node->flags & LPM_TREE_NODE_FLAG_IM)) { 434 ret = -ENOENT; 435 goto out; 436 } 437 438 trie->n_entries--; 439 440 /* If the node we are removing has two children, simply mark it 441 * as intermediate and we are done. 442 */ 443 if (rcu_access_pointer(node->child[0]) && 444 rcu_access_pointer(node->child[1])) { 445 node->flags |= LPM_TREE_NODE_FLAG_IM; 446 goto out; 447 } 448 449 /* If the parent of the node we are about to delete is an intermediate 450 * node, and the deleted node doesn't have any children, we can delete 451 * the intermediate parent as well and promote its other child 452 * up the tree. Doing this maintains the invariant that all 453 * intermediate nodes have exactly 2 children and that there are no 454 * unnecessary intermediate nodes in the tree. 455 */ 456 if (parent && (parent->flags & LPM_TREE_NODE_FLAG_IM) && 457 !node->child[0] && !node->child[1]) { 458 if (node == rcu_access_pointer(parent->child[0])) 459 rcu_assign_pointer( 460 *trim2, rcu_access_pointer(parent->child[1])); 461 else 462 rcu_assign_pointer( 463 *trim2, rcu_access_pointer(parent->child[0])); 464 kfree_rcu(parent, rcu); 465 kfree_rcu(node, rcu); 466 goto out; 467 } 468 469 /* The node we are removing has either zero or one child. If there 470 * is a child, move it into the removed node's slot then delete 471 * the node. Otherwise just clear the slot and delete the node. 472 */ 473 if (node->child[0]) 474 rcu_assign_pointer(*trim, rcu_access_pointer(node->child[0])); 475 else if (node->child[1]) 476 rcu_assign_pointer(*trim, rcu_access_pointer(node->child[1])); 477 else 478 RCU_INIT_POINTER(*trim, NULL); 479 kfree_rcu(node, rcu); 480 481 out: 482 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&trie->lock, irq_flags); 483 484 return ret; 485 } 486 487 #define LPM_DATA_SIZE_MAX 256 488 #define LPM_DATA_SIZE_MIN 1 489 490 #define LPM_VAL_SIZE_MAX (KMALLOC_MAX_SIZE - LPM_DATA_SIZE_MAX - \ 491 sizeof(struct lpm_trie_node)) 492 #define LPM_VAL_SIZE_MIN 1 493 494 #define LPM_KEY_SIZE(X) (sizeof(struct bpf_lpm_trie_key) + (X)) 495 #define LPM_KEY_SIZE_MAX LPM_KEY_SIZE(LPM_DATA_SIZE_MAX) 496 #define LPM_KEY_SIZE_MIN LPM_KEY_SIZE(LPM_DATA_SIZE_MIN) 497 498 #define LPM_CREATE_FLAG_MASK (BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC | BPF_F_NUMA_NODE | \ 499 BPF_F_RDONLY | BPF_F_WRONLY) 500 501 static struct bpf_map *trie_alloc(union bpf_attr *attr) 502 { 503 struct lpm_trie *trie; 504 u64 cost = sizeof(*trie), cost_per_node; 505 int ret; 506 507 if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) 508 return ERR_PTR(-EPERM); 509 510 /* check sanity of attributes */ 511 if (attr->max_entries == 0 || 512 !(attr->map_flags & BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC) || 513 attr->map_flags & ~LPM_CREATE_FLAG_MASK || 514 attr->key_size < LPM_KEY_SIZE_MIN || 515 attr->key_size > LPM_KEY_SIZE_MAX || 516 attr->value_size < LPM_VAL_SIZE_MIN || 517 attr->value_size > LPM_VAL_SIZE_MAX) 518 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL); 519 520 trie = kzalloc(sizeof(*trie), GFP_USER | __GFP_NOWARN); 521 if (!trie) 522 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); 523 524 /* copy mandatory map attributes */ 525 bpf_map_init_from_attr(&trie->map, attr); 526 trie->data_size = attr->key_size - 527 offsetof(struct bpf_lpm_trie_key, data); 528 trie->max_prefixlen = trie->data_size * 8; 529 530 cost_per_node = sizeof(struct lpm_trie_node) + 531 attr->value_size + trie->data_size; 532 cost += (u64) attr->max_entries * cost_per_node; 533 if (cost >= U32_MAX - PAGE_SIZE) { 534 ret = -E2BIG; 535 goto out_err; 536 } 537 538 trie->map.pages = round_up(cost, PAGE_SIZE) >> PAGE_SHIFT; 539 540 ret = bpf_map_precharge_memlock(trie->map.pages); 541 if (ret) 542 goto out_err; 543 544 raw_spin_lock_init(&trie->lock); 545 546 return &trie->map; 547 out_err: 548 kfree(trie); 549 return ERR_PTR(ret); 550 } 551 552 static void trie_free(struct bpf_map *map) 553 { 554 struct lpm_trie *trie = container_of(map, struct lpm_trie, map); 555 struct lpm_trie_node __rcu **slot; 556 struct lpm_trie_node *node; 557 558 /* Wait for outstanding programs to complete 559 * update/lookup/delete/get_next_key and free the trie. 560 */ 561 synchronize_rcu(); 562 563 /* Always start at the root and walk down to a node that has no 564 * children. Then free that node, nullify its reference in the parent 565 * and start over. 566 */ 567 568 for (;;) { 569 slot = &trie->root; 570 571 for (;;) { 572 node = rcu_dereference_protected(*slot, 1); 573 if (!node) 574 goto out; 575 576 if (rcu_access_pointer(node->child[0])) { 577 slot = &node->child[0]; 578 continue; 579 } 580 581 if (rcu_access_pointer(node->child[1])) { 582 slot = &node->child[1]; 583 continue; 584 } 585 586 kfree(node); 587 RCU_INIT_POINTER(*slot, NULL); 588 break; 589 } 590 } 591 592 out: 593 kfree(trie); 594 } 595 596 static int trie_get_next_key(struct bpf_map *map, void *_key, void *_next_key) 597 { 598 struct lpm_trie_node *node, *next_node = NULL, *parent, *search_root; 599 struct lpm_trie *trie = container_of(map, struct lpm_trie, map); 600 struct bpf_lpm_trie_key *key = _key, *next_key = _next_key; 601 struct lpm_trie_node **node_stack = NULL; 602 int err = 0, stack_ptr = -1; 603 unsigned int next_bit; 604 size_t matchlen; 605 606 /* The get_next_key follows postorder. For the 4 node example in 607 * the top of this file, the trie_get_next_key() returns the following 608 * one after another: 609 * 192.168.0.0/24 610 * 192.168.1.0/24 611 * 192.168.128.0/24 612 * 192.168.0.0/16 613 * 614 * The idea is to return more specific keys before less specific ones. 615 */ 616 617 /* Empty trie */ 618 search_root = rcu_dereference(trie->root); 619 if (!search_root) 620 return -ENOENT; 621 622 /* For invalid key, find the leftmost node in the trie */ 623 if (!key || key->prefixlen > trie->max_prefixlen) 624 goto find_leftmost; 625 626 node_stack = kmalloc_array(trie->max_prefixlen, 627 sizeof(struct lpm_trie_node *), 628 GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN); 629 if (!node_stack) 630 return -ENOMEM; 631 632 /* Try to find the exact node for the given key */ 633 for (node = search_root; node;) { 634 node_stack[++stack_ptr] = node; 635 matchlen = longest_prefix_match(trie, node, key); 636 if (node->prefixlen != matchlen || 637 node->prefixlen == key->prefixlen) 638 break; 639 640 next_bit = extract_bit(key->data, node->prefixlen); 641 node = rcu_dereference(node->child[next_bit]); 642 } 643 if (!node || node->prefixlen != key->prefixlen || 644 (node->flags & LPM_TREE_NODE_FLAG_IM)) 645 goto find_leftmost; 646 647 /* The node with the exactly-matching key has been found, 648 * find the first node in postorder after the matched node. 649 */ 650 node = node_stack[stack_ptr]; 651 while (stack_ptr > 0) { 652 parent = node_stack[stack_ptr - 1]; 653 if (rcu_dereference(parent->child[0]) == node) { 654 search_root = rcu_dereference(parent->child[1]); 655 if (search_root) 656 goto find_leftmost; 657 } 658 if (!(parent->flags & LPM_TREE_NODE_FLAG_IM)) { 659 next_node = parent; 660 goto do_copy; 661 } 662 663 node = parent; 664 stack_ptr--; 665 } 666 667 /* did not find anything */ 668 err = -ENOENT; 669 goto free_stack; 670 671 find_leftmost: 672 /* Find the leftmost non-intermediate node, all intermediate nodes 673 * have exact two children, so this function will never return NULL. 674 */ 675 for (node = search_root; node;) { 676 if (!(node->flags & LPM_TREE_NODE_FLAG_IM)) 677 next_node = node; 678 node = rcu_dereference(node->child[0]); 679 } 680 do_copy: 681 next_key->prefixlen = next_node->prefixlen; 682 memcpy((void *)next_key + offsetof(struct bpf_lpm_trie_key, data), 683 next_node->data, trie->data_size); 684 free_stack: 685 kfree(node_stack); 686 return err; 687 } 688 689 const struct bpf_map_ops trie_map_ops = { 690 .map_alloc = trie_alloc, 691 .map_free = trie_free, 692 .map_get_next_key = trie_get_next_key, 693 .map_lookup_elem = trie_lookup_elem, 694 .map_update_elem = trie_update_elem, 695 .map_delete_elem = trie_delete_elem, 696 }; 697